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WO2000031984A2 - Perfectionnement du transport dtmf en cours d'appel pour systemes de communication mobile par satellites geostationnaires - Google Patents

Perfectionnement du transport dtmf en cours d'appel pour systemes de communication mobile par satellites geostationnaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000031984A2
WO2000031984A2 PCT/US1999/027765 US9927765W WO0031984A2 WO 2000031984 A2 WO2000031984 A2 WO 2000031984A2 US 9927765 W US9927765 W US 9927765W WO 0031984 A2 WO0031984 A2 WO 0031984A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dtmf
recited
transport
signals
radio resource
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/027765
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2000031984A3 (fr
Inventor
Channasandra Ravishankar
David Roos
Anthony Noerpel
Chandra Joshi
James Hobza
Prabir Datta
Yi Chen
Original Assignee
Hughes Electronics Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hughes Electronics Corporation filed Critical Hughes Electronics Corporation
Priority to EP99960568A priority Critical patent/EP1077001A2/fr
Priority to AU17435/00A priority patent/AU1743500A/en
Publication of WO2000031984A2 publication Critical patent/WO2000031984A2/fr
Publication of WO2000031984A3 publication Critical patent/WO2000031984A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/19—Earth-synchronous stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
    • H04M3/2281—Call monitoring, e.g. for law enforcement purposes; Call tracing; Detection or prevention of malicious calls
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/50—Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
    • H04M3/53—Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems
    • H04M3/533—Voice mail systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
    • H04Q1/30—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents
    • H04Q1/44—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current
    • H04Q1/444—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with voice-band signalling frequencies
    • H04Q1/45—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with voice-band signalling frequencies using multi-frequency signalling

Definitions

  • Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) signals are often used independently of a signaling system and after a call has been established to provide end-user access to specialized services.
  • the 1 6 DTMF signals i.e., 0, 1 , 2, ... 9, A, B, C, D, * , and #, are generated by push-button telephones using a combination of four low group frequencies and four high group frequencies.
  • in-call DTMF with individual transmission of each DTMF signal.
  • DTMF transport based on out-band procedures have been used in wireless systems such as Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications as described in the GSM 03.1 4 specification to achieve robust signaling.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile
  • DTMF_START and DTMF_STOP messages are transmitted from the handset to the network for each digit pressed on the key pad.
  • a DTMF_STOP can only be transmitted after an acknowledgement is received from the network for DTMF START message.
  • use of this protocol is extremely inefficient as explained below.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Schemes are employed in GSM to allow for a single key press in one message, i.e., two messages per digit, which forces the gap between two successive digits, as seen by the DTMF detector in the network, to be more than twice the round- trip delay in a wireless system such as a mobile satellite system, where the delay can be as high as 1.5 seconds.
  • the interdigit gap may be as high as 2 seconds. As discussed, this means that a user may have to wait approximately 15-20 seconds before a response is received from the service, for a 10-digit number that the user may press from the telephone memory, assuming there is no retransmission.
  • the mobile- to-mobile call is treated as a concatenation of a mobile-originated call
  • MTC mobile- terminated call
  • In-band techniques such as those used in GSM Full Rate systems, do not guarantee reliable delivery of the in-call DTMF signals in the Network- to-AT mobile direction. This is because DTMF signals are processed as regular speech, therefore, the system models, quantizes and transmits the DTMF signal in the same way as speech.
  • the output of the voice decoder at the AT is subject to signal modeling and quantization distortion.
  • the present invention relates to a system and a methodology that will improve the end-user quality of service both in terms of response time and reliability for the transport of in-call DTMF signals in wireless systems, particularly in geostationary mobile satellite systems.
  • the methodology encompasses three distinct techniques to provide acceptable end- to- end quality of service for DTMF.
  • the first technique is applicable for transport of DTMF in the wireless subscriber to network direction, where DTMF digits are carried in the form of an out-band message.
  • the central part of the new technique is to allow multiple key presses in the same message, thereby increasing efficiency and throughput in long-delay environment.
  • the second technique utilizes the vocoder's functionality to carry DTMF in-band, thereby reducing system complexity.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of the approximate 1.5 second gap between two digits when GSM method is used for a geostationary mobile satellite system
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of a voice clipping problem due to a race condition between voice response and RR_ACK;
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of the role of T GSS _ DELAY in preventing voice clipping
  • FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of DTMF handling between two ATs in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 exemplifies schemes employed in GSM to allow for individual DTMF key messaging.
  • the described embodiments highlight solutions to provide acceptable end- to-end quality of service for DTMF in wireless communication systems, particularly in geostationary mobile satellite systems.
  • details of the implementation of the present preferred embodiments are addressed in three directions in which DTMF transport may be required, i.e., (1) AT- to-network, (2) network- to-AT, and (3) AT-to-AT.
  • the scheme used in GSM can allow only one key press in one message, i.e., two messages per digit, which force the gap between two successive digits, as seen by the DTMF detector in the network, to be more than twice the round- trip delay in a wireless system such as a mobile satellite system, where the delay can be as high as 1.5 seconds (see, e.g., FIG. 1).
  • the interdigit gap may be as high as 2 seconds . This means that a user may have to wait approximately 15-20 seconds before a response is received from the service, for a 10 -digit number that the user may press from the telephone memory, assuming there is no retransmission. As discussed, this delay is deemed unacceptable .
  • a functional block diagram of the DTMF handling embodiment in the AT to Network direction illustrates a DTMF transmitting access terminal (AT) coupled via a wireless network to a public switch telephone network (PSTN) .
  • AT access terminal
  • PSTN public switch telephone network
  • a ' key-press on the transmitting AT 16 results in a DTMF signal to be generated at the network side.
  • a docking adapter 14 regular tele- phones 12 can be connected to the AT 16 which may also generate DTMF signals.
  • the docking adapter 14 simply adapts the 2 -wire analog interface of telephone 12 to any proprietary interface required by the AT 16. As shown in FIG.
  • the DTMF transmitting AT 16 may communicate at various functional layers, including the network radio resource management layer 30, the Data Link Layer (DLL) 32, or the physical layer 34 of the wireless communication system.
  • the radio resource management layer 30 of the wireless network is then coupled to a DTMF generator subsystem 36 in communication with a mobile switching center (MSC) 38 which may be coupled directly to an application DTMF receiver 40 or the public switch telephone network (PSTN) 42.
  • the PSTN may link a PSTN application DTMF receiver 44 to the PSTN 42.
  • An example of an application receiver 40 may be a directly-coupled voicemail system (VMS) coupled to the MSC 38.
  • Examples of an application DTMF receiver coupled to the PSTN 42 may include customer equipment such as answering machines and the like.
  • these RR_layer messages are carried out-band on dedicated control channels, such as FACCH (Fast Associated Control Channel) .
  • FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel
  • a DTMF_TONE_GENERATE_REQ message is invoked by the AT. It is transmitted to the base station (or " gateway station subsystem for satellite networks, referred to as GSS) , whose service access point identifier (SAPI) indicates a 0.
  • GSS gateway station subsystem for satellite networks
  • SAPI service access point identifier
  • the RR_layer parses the digit information and instructs the vocoder in the physical layer to generate DTMF tones with appropriate tone duration towards the MSC, which performs the appropriate routing of the tones.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 A simplified call -flow diagram and a functional block diagram of the DTMF transport scheme at AT-*network direction is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively. As shown in FIG.
  • a delay T GSS DELAY is introduced between the time the GSS sends an acknowledgement to the AT and the time at which it instructs the vocoder at GSS to generate in-band tones.
  • the DTMF_TONE_GENERATE_ACK which is carried as a FACCH may occupy the dedicated channel long enough to mutilate a possible voice response generated by the DTMF receiving application (after the last DTMF has been received by it) . Therefore, this delay is introduced to prevent the "race" condition and avoid voice clipping in the direction of GSS to AT.
  • the problem of voice clipping is depicted in FIG. 4 and the use of T GSS _ DELAY is depicted in FIG. 5.
  • the AT waits for a T FIRST _ DTMF _ MESSAGE (approximately equal to the sum of round trip delay and processing delay) to expire from the time the first key is pressed before forming a DTMF_TONE_GENERATE_REQ message toward GSS . If the first digit has not been released at the expiry of the then the AT waits for its release before the first DTMF_TONE_GENERATE_REQ message is sent to the network. After that the AT collects all the digits pressed until a DTMF_TONE_GENERATE_ACK is received by the AT and forms a new message to be transmitted to GSS.
  • a T FIRST _ DTMF _ MESSAGE approximately equal to the sum of round trip delay and processing delay
  • This scheme also implies that a key that is pressed but not released will also be transmitted in the DTMF_TONE_GENERATE_REQ " message, except that for this digit it will indicate that the key has not yet been released.
  • the GSS vocoder resumes normal voice decoding operation upon receipt of an active voice burst while waiting for another instrue- tion from RR_layer.
  • An exception to this rule is when the last digit of previous instruction from RR specified a tone duration of less than 50 msec and the digit was not released at AT. In this case, the GSS vocoder will confirm tone generation for another 80 msec before resuming normal voice-decoding operation. Though not shown in FIG. 2, an audio tone is generated internally by the AT when a key is pressed.
  • the second technique is pertinent to the transport of DTMF from network side to mobile subscriber side.
  • the technique makes use of the capability of a vocoder to detect and regenerate DTMF in the network to subscriber direction.
  • a DTMF encoded packet will carry a unique pattern across the air- interface to the voice decoder, which is capable of identifying DTMF carrying packet pattern and generate a DTMF tone as indicated in the packet.
  • In-band techniques such as the one used in GSM in network- to-mobile direction, does not guarantee reliable delivery of DTMF. This is because DTMF signals are processed as regular speech, therefore, it models, quantizes, and transmits DTMF-encoded bits in the same way as speech. Hence, the output of the voice decoder at the AT is subject to modeling and quantization distortion.
  • This embodiment makes use of the capability of a vocoder to detect and regenerate DTMF in the network to subscriber direction. More specifically, the vocoder should have an integrated DTMF detector which first classifies a given frame of signal into several classes such as voice, single frequency tone, DTMF, silence, and background noise. Depending on the classification, it performs appropriate modeling and quantization.
  • the DTMF signal is encoded differently than normal voice signal and the DTMF encoded packet carries a unique pattern across the air- interface to the voice decoder at the AT.
  • the voice decoder at the AT is ''.hen capable of identifying the pattern as a DTMF- carrying packet and generates a DTMF tone as indicated in the voice- encoded packet .
  • DTMF is carried in-band, which can be justified by the following reasons: First, it is noted that while out-band transport (similar to that in AT-to- network) is a technical possibility, it is not necessary since the channel is expected to be extremely benign to fixed subscribers. Second, the information to be transmitted for DTMF is much less than that for normal voice, and because of the technique mentioned above, a DTMF encoded packet format which is different from that for normal voice is possible, all the DTMF information in the packet can be embedded in Class 1 FEC bits, therefore all the information is well protected and any errors resulting from the channel are corrected by FEC. The third reason is the simplicity of the - implementation.
  • the third technique applies to where DTMF is transported in an AT-to-AT call in a mobile satellite communication system.
  • DTMF transport between two ATs on a single-hop voice connection is message-based on a separate logical link.
  • the technique also leads itself to deducing information transfer between two ATs by listening to each of them at the network; thereby providing interception capabilities in the network.
  • the embodiment uses the technique which supports DTMF transport with a single hop and RR_message_based service, which is delivery- guaranteed.
  • the transmission is illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the functional block diagram of the DTMF handling between two ATs is illustrated in the system 50 in which communication between a first AT 52 and a second AT 54 is shown under the control of a gateway station subsystem 56, as discussed herein.
  • the same message is received by GSS on the AT - GSS link for providing information to the legal interception center.
  • the RR_layer in GSS instructs the vocoder in GSC to generate in-band tones (similar to the AT- PSTN scenario) toward the MSC, which in turn are routed to the legal interception center.
  • traffic channel does not exist on the GSS - AT link (traffic channel only exists on AT - GSS link for AT-to-AT calls) , which implies that messages on SAPI-2 link between AT and gateway is unidirectional and unacknowledged.
  • the DLL functionality for handling SAPI-2 messages is augmented to handle missing and/or repeated layer-2 frames.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système et une méthodologie permettant d'améliorer la qualité de service utilisateur aussi bien en ce qui concerne le temps de réponse que la fiabilité dans le cas du transport de signaux DTMF en cour de communication dans des systèmes radio, particulièrement dans le cas des systèmes de téléphonie mobiles par satellites géostationnaires. La méthodologie fait intervenir plusieurs techniques pour assurer une qualité de service de bout-en-bout acceptable. Pour le transport des DTMF dans le sens abonné radio vers réseau, on utilise une technique par laquelle les chiffres DTMF sont véhiculés sous forme d'un message hors bande. Cette technique repose sur la possibilité de produire plusieurs appuis de touche dans le même message, ce qui augmente l'efficacité et le débit en environnement à retard long. Une autre technique utilise les possibilités du vocodeur pour véhiculer dans la bande les DTMF, ce qui simplifie le système. Le principe est d'utiliser un détecteur DTMF intégré capable de classer une trame donnée de signal en plusieurs classes de façon que le paquet DTMF codé puisse véhiculer un modèle unique via l'interface jusqu'au décodeur vocal du terminal d'accès, lequel détecteur est capable d'identifier le modèle. Une autre technique concerne l'utilisation d'un transport en mode message du DTMF entre deux terminaux d'accès d'un canal logique distinct pourvu d'un identificateur SAPI de point d'accès de service assurant un service garanti pour le transport DTMF dans une liaison de terminal d'accès à terminal d'accès.
PCT/US1999/027765 1998-11-24 1999-11-23 Perfectionnement du transport dtmf en cours d'appel pour systemes de communication mobile par satellites geostationnaires WO2000031984A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99960568A EP1077001A2 (fr) 1998-11-24 1999-11-23 Perfectionnement du transport dtmf en cours d'appel pour systemes de communication mobile par satellites geostationnaires
AU17435/00A AU1743500A (en) 1998-11-24 1999-11-23 Improved in-call dtmf transport for geostationary mobile satellite communicationsystem

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10974798P 1998-11-24 1998-11-24
US60/109,747 1998-11-24
US11025098P 1998-11-30 1998-11-30
US60/110,250 1998-11-30

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WO2000031984A2 true WO2000031984A2 (fr) 2000-06-02
WO2000031984A3 WO2000031984A3 (fr) 2000-12-21

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US7890129B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2011-02-15 Eric Rosen Method and apparatus for delivering information to an idle mobile station in a group communication network
US20020183118A1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Scott Wolinsky Method and apparatus for simulating game accessories
US20030211888A1 (en) 2002-05-13 2003-11-13 Interactive Telegames, Llc Method and apparatus using insertably-removable auxiliary devices to play games over a communications link
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US6650895B1 (en) 2003-11-18
AU1743500A (en) 2000-06-13
EP1077001A2 (fr) 2001-02-21
WO2000031984A3 (fr) 2000-12-21

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