WO1998002529A1 - Lignees d'encapsidation hautement productrices - Google Patents
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- WO1998002529A1 WO1998002529A1 PCT/FR1997/001250 FR9701250W WO9802529A1 WO 1998002529 A1 WO1998002529 A1 WO 1998002529A1 FR 9701250 W FR9701250 W FR 9701250W WO 9802529 A1 WO9802529 A1 WO 9802529A1
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/10041—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2740/10043—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/10051—Methods of production or purification of viral material
- C12N2740/10052—Methods of production or purification of viral material relating to complementing cells and packaging systems for producing virus or viral particles
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/13011—Gammaretrovirus, e.g. murine leukeamia virus
- C12N2740/13051—Methods of production or purification of viral material
- C12N2740/13052—Methods of production or purification of viral material relating to complementing cells and packaging systems for producing virus or viral particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2840/00—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system
- C12N2840/20—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2840/00—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system
- C12N2840/20—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron
- C12N2840/203—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron having an IRES
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is new cell lines called packaging lines (packaging lines) producing high titer recombinant retroviruses and usable in humans in gene therapy.
- the retroviral vectors used in these different situations are usually produced by lines called "packaging” or packaging or transcomplementation, these three terms having the same meaning; these lines are cells having been transduced with genetic constructs allowing the constitutive expression of the various proteins necessary for the manufacture of a retroviral particle containing the structural proteins and the enzymes necessary for their infectivity.
- the object of the packaging line is to provide, by transcomplementation of the “helper” functions, in particular the genes coding for the gag, ⁇ pj and env proteins, which have been removed from the genomic vector carrying a transgene of which we are looking for. expression by use of a defective infectious virus.
- Helper lacking the sequence ⁇ , are expressed in a stable manner in the transcomplementation cells after transfection of one or more plasmids containing them and whose RNA transcripts are not packaged in the viral particles following the deletion of the sequence aps packaging.
- the viral gag proteins produced by the packaging cell can pack the retroviral vector carrying the transgene into viral particles which are then released into the environment, (for a review see Miller AD Gene Ther. 19901: 5-14).
- different types of packaging lines have been produced and are widely used today. However, these lines are far from being optimized, in particular according to their use for a specific transgene or particular methods.
- murine cells offers an additional degree of security in the event of contamination by an unknown transmissible infectious agent due to the restriction of species frequently observed in infectious pathology.
- one of the defects of murine cells is due to the fact that the viruses produced by these cells, and the cells themselves, are most of the time quickly neutralized by the human complement.
- a simple way to overcome this default is to produce packaging cells from human cells or another species but resistant to human complement.
- Simian cells could be used like human cells for their property of making viral particles which would not be destroyed by the complement, but they have, in fact, the same defects as human cells concerning the possible presence of infectious agents.
- They may be murine cells into which genes have been transferred, giving them greater resistance to complement and / or to human serum.
- genes can in particular be CD46, CD55, the C-inhibitor (CilNH), the H protein, the soluble CR and in particular a multimeric form such as that described in patent FR 9508901.
- the object of the present invention is to provide means for the preparation of new packaging lines at least partially remedying one or more of the problems described above and likely:
- transduction of packaging cells is used by a single vector carrying the gene of interest and a so-called selection gene, or by two separate vectors.
- selection gene a so-called selection gene
- different types of modification can lead to the loss of expression of the therapeutic gene, even in the presence of this selection. This is particularly true when the transgene has a certain toxicity, thus conferring a selective advantage on the rare cells which have lost it.
- the possible use of cells deficient in certain enzymes allowing their selection on this criterion would therefore be an additional advantage, especially when the gene of therapeutic interest complements the impairment.
- the use as a selection gene instead of a gene for resistance to a toxic agent (an antibiotic in general), of a gene supplementing a genetic deficiency of the cell has numerous advantages including the one is the possibility of cultivating said cells in the absence of the toxic.
- this gene is also the gene of interest, it is no longer possible to lose it during selection even when it confers a selective disadvantage.
- This gene can also be a so-called “safety” or “suicide gene”, which means that the expression product of this gene in the presence of an exogenous substance leads to the specific destruction of the cell.
- the subject of the invention is therefore eukaryotic packaging cells for the production of defective infectious viruses carrying a transgene, characterized in that they are deficient in a cellular function essential for their growth, in particular in the presence of a selection culture, said function being capable of being restored by the expression of an exogenous sequence introduced into the cell: either with a vector carrying the transcomplementing functions of packaging cells;
- the invention also relates to packaging lines producing defective infectious viruses carrying a gene of therapeutic interest in which the gene of interest itself, carried by an appropriate vector, is used as a gene for selection of the line. packaging capable of producing defective recombinant viruses.
- NIH-3T3 TK cells " a) murine NIH-3T3 cells which are currently widely used as packaging cells producing recombinant retroviruses used in clinical practice (Takahara et al. In Journal of Virology, (1992 June) 66 (6) 3725-32).
- B) TK " lines have already been described, including NIH-3T3 TK ⁇ cells (F. Wagner et al., EMBO Journal (1985), Vol . 4 No. 3, pages 663-666); these cells can be killed when grown in selective culture media like HAT.
- the thymidine kinase function for example those originating from the HSV1 -TK virus, they can then grow in a selective medium; such lines therefore offer the possibility of using the HSV1-TK gene as a selection gene.
- the gene coding for the thymidine kinase of HSV1 or one of its functional derivatives is also widely used as a transgene as a prodrug transforming ganciclovir or acyclovir into a cytotoxic drug for the cell, thus finding its application in the selective destruction of cells, for example cancer cells (see for example WO 95/22617).
- TK ⁇ cells can be derived by mutation from any cell capable of being used as a packaging cell, for example Vero cells.
- a packaging cell deficient for thymidine kinase the selection of the packaging cell which has integrated the vector carrying the transgene is done on the therapeutic gene itself, thus making it possible to increase the productivity of the culture in defective recombinant viruses, the packaging cells which have not integrated the recombinant vector being ipso facto eliminated in selective medium.
- the invention relates to packaging cells deficient in a cellular function essential to their growth and in which the transgene is capable of restoring the deficient cellular function.
- the cell lines of the invention can advantageously be themselves resistant to complement and therefore preferably originate from human or simian cells and more particularly from Old World monkeys or modified human cells.
- human or simian cells it is important to have cells whose origin is clear, namely non-carriers of infectious agents of unknown origin and capable of infecting humans.
- the line 143 B TK " is a line of known human origin (Manservigi R.
- Vero cells are also widely used in particular for the production of vaccines; they are cells simians which also produce viral particles resistant to neutralization by complement; the culture conditions of these lines are perfectly known and a line deficient in thymidine kinase can be obtained by conventional techniques and be advantageously used after transformation by the vectors allowing the construction of packaging, as packaging line having the characteristics of the lines of the invention.
- the function of a retrovirus packaging cell line is to provide the transcomplementing functions which have been deleted from the recombinant vector carrying the transgene, these functions being essentially the genes coding for the proteins gag, ⁇ ol and env. These functions are expressed stably in the packaging cells from one or preferably two minus two distinct plasmids in order to greatly reduce the possibility of generating recombinant particles competent for replication.
- Existing packaging lines have been produced from murine or avian retroviral proteins and are described in Miller AD, Hum Gene Ther, 1990 1: 5-14.
- gag and JDOJ genes of murine retroviruses are usually synthesized by the same RNA which gives rise to gag precursors or gag / pol precursors by shifting the reading frame. These processes are well optimized in the Moloney type retro vira particle and the constructions intended to make the packaging cell of the invention will not affect the LTR gag / pol structure. with the exception of the deletion of ⁇ .
- the choice of the gag / pol genes as well as the LTRs will be made according to the objective which is to have a high level of defective recombinant viral particles produced and therefore the strongest possible expression of these gag / pol genes is wanted.
- the packaging cells are characterized in that they comprise:
- a vector carrying an LTR itself characterized by good transcription efficiency for example the LTR of the Friend FB29 virus (see WO 96/17071); - a gag / pol region derived either from the Moloney virus, or from the Friend virus or from any other retrovirus as soon as the structure and expression of this function are optimized; c) a quantitative selection gene, that is to say such that when the selection pressure is increased, the number of transcripts synthesized is a priori increased.
- the increase in the number of transcripts coding for the selection gene increases in the same way as the number of transcripts coding for gag and p_ol.
- the selection gene is located either about a hundred base pairs from the gol stop codon, or under the control of a normal or mutated IRES sequence (for Internai Ribosome Entry
- the mutation can consist in deleting the main ATG, the initiation then being on a less efficient ATG preexisting or generated by mutation.
- the IRES sequences are sequences which have been used in retroviral constructs to control the translation of polycystronic RNA transcripts. IRES sequences can directly initiate translation into an initiation codon. Thus, the inclusion of such a sequence can make it possible to express several genes from the same promoter.
- the other alternative which is to locate the selection gene at about a hundred bases of the stop codon of ⁇ ol also makes it possible to attenuate the translation of the selection gene compared to the translation of the oag / pol genes.
- the selection gene can also be located on the vector carrying the env gene when the latter is distinct from that carrying gag / pol; finally, the two vectors for construction of the packaging cell can both carry a selection gene.
- the selection genes can for example be genes of the BSR type, that is to say resistance to blasticidin S or a gene for resistance to zeomicine.
- the blasticidin resistance gene is a selection gene for animal cells which has been described in particular by 1ZUMI M. et al in Experimental Cell Research (1991), 197: 229-233. This gene seems particularly effective since it has been used in particular as a selection marker to produce hybridomas producing human monoclonal antibodies with good yield (Journal of
- FIG. 1 a An example of a vector particularly suitable for the construction of the packaging lines of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 a.
- the second vector usable for the construction of the packaging cell carries genes coding for the envelopes of retroviruses. Most of the genes encoding the retrovirus envelopes could have some degree of toxicity to the cell; however, it is necessary to have sufficient quantities of envelope proteins which are synthesized so that the defective recombinant retroviral particles are indeed infectious.
- the env sequences coding for the peptides derived from an envelope can be for example the envelope 4070a of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV).
- MoMuLV Moloney murine leukemia virus
- any type of gene coding for an envelope protein capable of being integrated into the cell membrane at the time of budding of the retrovirus is usable; the choice of the env protein can be guided by the nature of the receptor of the target cell which it is desired to transfect with the defective recombinant retroviral virus.
- the env gene carried by the packaging cell construction plasmid is dependent on viral or non-viral transcription regulatory sequences.
- strong promoters such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in the context of genetic constructions such as preselection forces the cell to synthesize large quantities of envelopes.
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- strong promoter any nucleic acid sequence comprising the binding site of RNA polymerase as well as the binding sites of regulatory proteins and allowing a high rate of transcription of the sequence located under the control of said promoter.
- inducible promoter can also be inducible promoters which would allow the absence or weak expression of envelopes which could then be transiently induced during the collection of the viral particles.
- inducible promoter is meant a promoter sequence which can be activated at will by a given molecule; this type of promoter is used whenever it is desired to trigger on demand the expression of a given gene.
- inducible promoters capable of being used in the construction of the packaging cells of the invention are the promoters inducible by tetracycline described by Bujard et al. in Mol. and Gen.
- conditional inducible promoters such as the RAR- ⁇ promoter (Japanese Journal of Genetics, (1993 June) 68 (3) 175-84); the "conditional promoters” consist of a promoter sequence activated by one or more trans-regulatory factors specifically produced by a given tissue, but not necessarily identified, such as for example the promoter of insulin sensitive to strictly pancreatic factors.
- These constructions can be applied to all conventional env genes of the 4070A type of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) or to envelopes which could be used according to their particular properties, in particular resistance to the RD1 14 type complement.
- MoMuLV Moloney murine leukemia virus
- Envelopes of the HTLV1 type or derivatives of lenti virus such as foamy virus can also be used.
- Envelope genes having a particular tropism for target cells capable of being transfected with defective recombinant viruses produced by packaging cells can be advantageously used, for example spumavirus envelope sequences having a particular tropism for human hematopoietic cells.
- the vector carrying the env gene comprises at 3 ′ a polyadenylation sequence such as that derived from the SV40 virus.
- An example of a vector carrying the env gene is shown in FIG. 1 b, in which ZeoR is the zeomycin resistance gene.
- the two vectors which make up the packaging cell are obviously devoid of packaging sequences.
- the recombinant packaging cells as described above with their various embodiments are capable of being transfected with a recombinant retroviral vector for the expression and / or integration within the genome of a target cell of a sequence of nucleotides chosen (transgene) for therapeutic interest.
- This transgene can either be a sequence coding for a deficient function in the target cell and in which it is desired to restore said function, or to introduce a complementary and / or regulatory function in the target cell, or also and without being limiting, a sequence allowing to activate prodrugs as in the case of the thymidine kinase gene of the HSV1 virus transforming ganciclovir or acyclovir into a toxic and cell-destroying drug, or the cytosine desaminase gene transforming a fluorouracil precursor into an active drug; finally, it can be a transgene making it possible to induce or stimulate the immune system, either by manipulation of the tumor cells, or by manipulation of the cells of the immune system itself. even or on the contrary a transgene making it possible to specifically inhibit an immune response in the case for example of graft rejection or in the case of autoimmune diseases.
- the general structure of a retroviral vector carrying the transgene requires the presence of two LTRs framing the gene or genes of interest or transgenes and carries the region allowing the encapsidation of the transcript in the pseudo-retroviral particle whose structural proteins are encoded. by the packaging cell of the invention.
- LTRs used those derived from the Moloney strains will be preferred, such as those derived from the Mov strains.
- the invention also relates to recombinant retroviral vectors carrying a heterologous gene whose expression is sought in a target cell, characterized in that they comprise:
- nucleotide sequence Y whose expression complements the deficient function in the packaging cell
- a safety gene Z whose expression in the presence of an exogenous substance leads to the destruction of the transfected or infected cell.
- the transgene of therapeutic interest is a suicide gene, for example that coding for HSV1-TK or one of its functional derivatives
- the sequences X and Y or Y and Z form only one and the same gene, and the use of such a vector makes it possible to select said packaging cells which have been transfected with said vector.
- a good viral titer depends on the number of packaging transcripts produced by the packaging cell.
- the invention also relates to the process for obtaining recombinant infectious viruses with high defect in cells as described above and comprising: a) infection or transfection of said cells with a recombinant vector carrying at least a gene of therapeutic interest X;
- nucleotide sequence Y the expression of which complements the deficient function of the packaging cell if this deficiency remains after construction of said packaging cell by the vectors carrying the gai, pol and env genes;
- the vector carrying the transgene will be a bicistronic vector allowing selection in the presence of a thymidine kinase gene from HSV1 or a functional derivative thereof.
- a surprising property of the HSV1 -TK gene is that a high level of expression can cause toxicity to the cell, preventing a high number of transcripts from being obtained.
- the vector of the invention capable of infecting or transfecting the packaging cells described above, will therefore be constructed in such a way that the production of the encapsidable transgene transcripts is high in comparison with the production of HSV1 -TK proteins.
- a TK " packaging cell transfected with a bicistronic vector carrying, on the one hand, a transgene and, on the other hand, HSV1-TK or one of its derivatives can both be selected in the selective HAT medium and be a producer of high titer viral particles, while avoiding a counter-selection due to the toxic activity of HSV1-TK when the gene is actively translated. This therefore allows the production of packaging cells having high titer and which produce defective retroviruses encoding either for HSV1-TK alone or for a gene of interest and HSV1-TK.
- transcripts of transgene X on the one hand, and of Y , on the other hand, is produced by the construction of recombinant vectors in which the nucleotide sequence Y, the expression of which complements the deficient function of the packaging cell, for example HSV1-TK, is located approximately one hundred pairs of codon bases stop of the transgene, either under the control of a normal or mutated IRES type sequence as described above in such a way that the initiation of the translation of the Y sequence is less effective than that of the X sequence.
- the transgene is itself the gene allowing the selection of the packaging cells, that is to say in the case where X and Y are one and the same gene (for example HSV1 -TK), the gene of interest itself is used as the selection gene.
- the gene Y can then also ensure a function of safety gene Z because it makes it possible if necessary to destroy the cells transfected with the therapeutic gene by treatment of the patient with a substance transforming the prodrug into a toxic drug.
- FIG. 2 an exemplary embodiment of the recombinant vector of the invention is shown in FIG. 2.
- the two vectors shown show the difference between the two embodiments allowing less expression of the HSV1-TK gene (Y and Z sequences combined), either by a certain distance from the stop codon of the X gene, or by the introduction of an IRES sequence.
- the sequence represented by gag * means that the packaging sequence can comprise not only the genetic region necessary for packaging but also the part of the mutated gag gene which does not allow the reconstitution of the gag protein but which can increase the efficiency packaging.
- HSV1-TK The properties of HSV1-TK are consistent with this design. In fact, very small quantities of TK are sufficient to be able to select, in the presence of a HAT selective medium, cell clones derived from TK negative cells; similarly, a very low expression of TK is sufficient to obtain good sensitivity to ganciclovir.
- the three genes X, Y and Z can only represent one gene, for example, it is the HSV1 gene -
- TK which plays the role of both a transgene, a selection gene and a safety gene.
- a construct like this has the advantage of being able to add a second therapeutic gene to the vector, for example a gene which codes for cytokines when it is desired to eliminate cancer cells.
- the TK gene when the TK gene is the therapeutic gene itself, can be characterized in that the Y gene can be a gene coding for another selection marker, for example the BSR gene mentioned more pump or another gene of therapeutic interest such as for example a cytokine gene.
- the Y gene can be a gene coding for another selection marker, for example the BSR gene mentioned more pump or another gene of therapeutic interest such as for example a cytokine gene.
- the latter can be placed under the control of a weak internal promoter which can itself be attenuated by a “read through” by the LTR of the retroviral vector.
- the LTR 3 'of the vector may also contain a deletion of the amplifier so that this "read through” does not prevent expression after infection of the target cell by the recombinant viral particles.
- the process for obtaining high defective recombinant viruses can relate to any transgene the absence of which induces a negative selection pressure for the packaging cell; a cell thus deleted from the gene coding for this transgene would then be “saved” by the retroviral vector which would simultaneously play the role of selection vector.
- This would thus apply to any cell gene whose overexpression induces a negative selection pressure for the cell since only the packaging cells carrying and producing recombinant retroviruses will be selected positively even in the case where the expression of the gene of interest would tend to counter-select these cells.
- the invention relates to the use of the packaging cells and the vectors described above in the preparation of a gene therapy medicament possessing the qualities of safety and efficacy required for this type of medicament, namely resistant to the complement and having the possibility of being destroyed in situ as necessary.
- the invention relates to the use of packaging cells according to the invention and recombinant vectors carrying a gene of interest as described above for the transformation of target cells of the immune system such as hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocyte cells or cancer cells.
- the invention also relates to the use of packaging cells as described above in a method of coculture of target cells of a defective infectious retrovirus carrying a gene of interest in gene therapy and produced by d cells.
- packaging the latter must imperatively be destroyed before using said target cells thus transformed into medicaments. It is known, in fact, that certain indications require this in vitro coculture of the target cell and of the packaging cell, for example when the cell target is a cell of the lymphocyte system or hematopoietic stem cells.
- the packaging cell must be eliminated before reintroducing the target cell thus transformed.
- the packaging cell carries the HSV1-TK gene as a selection gene for example
- the use of a culture medium containing HAT in the presence of ganciclovir and acyclovir can make it possible to selectively destroy the cells carrying the gene HSV1-TK and therefore the packaging cell for the benefit of the only target cells transfected by the retroviral virus produced by said packaging cells.
- Another embodiment in the case of coculture can be carried out with packaging cells directly lacking the HSV1-TK gene and the selection of the cell mixture in the presence of the selective medium HAT while maintaining an adequate cell concentration also makes the cells disappear. packaging without altering target cells.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP10505665A JP2000514652A (ja) | 1996-07-16 | 1997-07-09 | 産生能力の高いカプシド化系 |
EP97932873A EP0912723A1 (fr) | 1996-07-16 | 1997-07-09 | Lignees d'encapsidation hautement productrices |
CA002262814A CA2262814A1 (fr) | 1996-07-16 | 1997-07-09 | Lignees d'encapsidation hautement productrices |
US09/978,931 US6872528B2 (en) | 1996-07-16 | 2001-10-15 | Highly productive packaging lines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR96/08889 | 1996-07-16 | ||
FR9608889A FR2751345B1 (fr) | 1996-07-16 | 1996-07-16 | Lignees d'encapsidation hautement productrices |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US23183499A Continuation | 1996-07-16 | 1999-01-15 |
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WO1998002529A1 true WO1998002529A1 (fr) | 1998-01-22 |
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PCT/FR1997/001250 WO1998002529A1 (fr) | 1996-07-16 | 1997-07-09 | Lignees d'encapsidation hautement productrices |
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US (1) | US6872528B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0912723A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2000514652A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2262814A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2751345B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998002529A1 (fr) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1059357A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-13 | Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie Paris Vi | Constructions rétrovirales capables de la réplication autonome ou semi-autonome, leur préparation et leurs utilisations pour le transfert de gènes |
EP1059356A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-13 | Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie Paris Vi | Constructions rétrovirales capables de la réplication autonome ou semi-autonome, leur préparation et leurs utilisations pour le transfert de gènes |
EP1186655A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-01 | 2002-03-13 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cellule de conditionnement |
EP2338984A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 | 2011-06-29 | Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie | Virus synthétiques et leurs utilisations |
WO2011107439A1 (fr) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-09 | Epixis | Méthode permettant de mesurer l'infectivité virale |
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CN101356270B (zh) * | 2005-12-13 | 2014-02-12 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 核重新编程因子 |
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JP2023515672A (ja) | 2020-03-02 | 2023-04-13 | テナヤ セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | 心筋細胞発現マイクロrnaによる遺伝子ベクター制御 |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1186655A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-01 | 2002-03-13 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Cellule de conditionnement |
EP1186655A4 (fr) * | 1999-06-01 | 2003-04-09 | Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Cellule de conditionnement |
US6995009B1 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2006-02-07 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Packaging cell |
EP1059357A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-13 | Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie Paris Vi | Constructions rétrovirales capables de la réplication autonome ou semi-autonome, leur préparation et leurs utilisations pour le transfert de gènes |
EP1059356A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-13 | Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie Paris Vi | Constructions rétrovirales capables de la réplication autonome ou semi-autonome, leur préparation et leurs utilisations pour le transfert de gènes |
US6485965B1 (en) | 1999-06-09 | 2002-11-26 | David Klatzmann | Replicating or semi-replicating viral constructs, preparation and uses for gene delivery |
EP2338984A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 | 2011-06-29 | Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie | Virus synthétiques et leurs utilisations |
EP2913397A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 | 2015-09-02 | Université Pierre et Marie Curie | Virus synthétiques et utilisations associées |
US9714433B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2017-07-25 | Kyoto University | Human pluripotent stem cells induced from undifferentiated stem cells derived from a human postnatal tissue |
US9499797B2 (en) | 2008-05-02 | 2016-11-22 | Kyoto University | Method of making induced pluripotent stem cells |
WO2011107439A1 (fr) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-09 | Epixis | Méthode permettant de mesurer l'infectivité virale |
EP2366776A1 (fr) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-21 | Epixis | Procédé de mesure de l'infectiosité virale |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0912723A1 (fr) | 1999-05-06 |
JP2000514652A (ja) | 2000-11-07 |
FR2751345B1 (fr) | 1998-09-18 |
US6872528B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
FR2751345A1 (fr) | 1998-01-23 |
CA2262814A1 (fr) | 1998-01-22 |
US20020123146A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
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