WO1998001633A1

WO1998001633A1 - Building structure

Info

Publication number: WO1998001633A1
Application number: PCT/AT1997/000150
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernard Douet
Original assignee: Bernard Douet
Priority date: 1996-07-05
Filing date: 1997-07-03
Publication date: 1998-01-15
Also published as: AT405661B; ATA119796A; HUP0002088A2; AU3328097A; EP0909359A1; HU223400B1; HUP0002088A3

Abstract

This invention concerns a building structure made out of one or more essentially prismatic spacial elements placed adjacent to and/or upon one another, in each case as the skeleton, for example, as the supporting framework for single family houses, multi-story buildings, traffic and noise reduction structures, surface covering construction or similar uses, in which each spacial element consists of at least two interpenetrating, closed, multi-story frames (1, 2, 11, 12) of at least two stories, which together preferably form a right angle, whereby preferably vertical sections (3, 4) form the exterior edges of the spacial element and medial, preferably horizontal sections (5, 6) are conencted thereto at their ends by a closed frame, collar or ring (7) whereby a structurally simple and easily fabricable embodiment is created which can be used for a wide variety of purposes.

Description

CONSTRUCTION

The present invention relates to a structure made of one or more, placed against one another and / or one above the other, each formed as a skeleton, essentially prismatic space elements, for example as a supporting structure for single-family houses, multi-storey buildings, traffic and noise protection structures, surface covering structures or the like.

A plurality of buildings are already known, which are made up of one or more prismatic spatial elements with an octagon as a floor plan and in which two spatial elements of a floor adjoin each other with one of their side surfaces. The structure of these known buildings is supported by columns located on the vertical edges of each prismatic spatial element and connecting them to one another, along the sides of the base or cover surface and / or the base or cover surface, extending to opposite columns, supporting elements of the Floor or ceiling forming beams.

In addition, Leonardo da Vinci has already constructed a model of a "knot" with elements pointing in all spatial directions.

AT-PS 326 877 is a structural system for room elements of this type with a triangular or hexagonal, equilateral floor plan.

Furthermore, a building has become known from DE-OS 24 56 620, the octagonal shape of which is constructed in such a way that opposite sides are parallel and of the same length and adjacent sides preferably form an angle of 135 ° with one another. The space elements of this known training are composed of different types of floor, wall and ceiling elements, which simultaneously Take on the carrying function in such a building in plate or disc construction. A disadvantage of this embodiment is that large rooms extending over several room elements are not possible or only possible by means of special constructions due to the static necessity of wall elements between adjacent room elements. Furthermore, a subsequent change in the room arrangement, which makes it necessary to remove or move a load-bearing wall element, is not possible or only possible through complex modifications of the proposed room elements.

The present invention now aims to further develop a building of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that a structurally simple and easily producible embodiment is created which can be used for a wide variety of purposes. To achieve this object, the structure according to the invention is essentially characterized in that each spatial element is formed in each case from at least two interpenetrating, at least two-story, closed floor frames which penetrate one another, preferably enclosing a right angle, vertical sections preferably forming the outer edges of the spatial element and thereon middle, preferably horizontal sections are connected at their ends by a closed frame, ring or ring. The fact that, according to the invention, each room element is formed from at least two penetrating, at least two-storey, closed floor frames which penetrate one another, preferably enclosing a right angle, results in a structurally simple and simple to manufacture basic shape which, by combining a plurality of room elements, forms a wide variety of building shapes and floor plans. By arranging several such spatial elements, supporting structures can be achieved in both the vertical and horizontal directions, which can be used, for example, to build single-family houses, multi-storey buildings, traffic and noise protection structures, surface cladding structures or the like can be used.

Furthermore, the construction of a building with the space elements proposed according to the invention can be carried out in a simple manner with standardized components of different materials, which can also be composite structures, such as, for example, made of wood, plastic, metal or various types of steel profiles, as well as light alloys such as aluminum or reinforced hollow profiles, which can be backfilled, for example with concrete. The fact that, according to the invention, preferably vertical sections form the outer edges of the spatial element and central, preferably horizontal sections are connected to one another at their ends, results in a rigid construction with individual elements that are non-positively connected. The crossing points can likewise be designed to be correspondingly stable. The supporting structure for a building proposed according to the invention enables, for example, the installation of horizontal frame panes, which can be used, for example, as storey ceilings of buildings, it being possible to achieve correspondingly high stability and strength properties by connecting the individual sections. A particularly rigid construction can be achieved by connecting the horizontal sections by a closed frame, ring or ring. Furthermore, in the building according to the invention, by designing each spatial element as a closed floor frame, a corresponding reduction in the decisive bending moments, in particular, for example, by providing a central, essentially vertical section, can be achieved.

As already indicated, corresponding delimiting floor ceilings or side surfaces can be provided on the space elements at different points, whereby essential is that such wall elements without a supporting function and the ceiling or floor slabs are designed without a horizontal stabilizing function, which also enables the use of various light materials with, for example, high thermal and acoustic insulation capacity. Naturally, the use of intermediate elements can also be dispensed with, so that almost any size horizontal surfaces can be created which are only interrupted by the essentially vertical sections of the individual room elements. With the modular system according to the invention, any building shapes and heights can thus be implemented without great effort. In this context, it is proposed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that the vertical and / or horizontal sections at least partially encompassing or covering plate elements can be fixed on the frame elements to form wall, ceiling or floor elements. For simple and inexpensive production, it is further preferably provided that the plate elements are formed from prefabricated concrete elements or in-situ concrete, in particular provided with reinforcements.

Particularly inexpensive and efficient possible uses are also suitable for the temporary erection of multi-storey parking decks, multi-storey car parks, company buildings and shopping centers. Since infills and walls are not necessary, there are no ventilation or ventilation problems, and no provisions for flue gas discharge in the event of a fire are required. Elevators with entry and exit disrupt can largely be arranged and installed as desired. The variability of the space elements according to the invention also enables the problem-free arrangement of entry and exit ramps without structural changes to the space elements. The height of the room elements and the position or arrangement of the middle, horizontal sections can be changed in terms of height. The connection of the individual frame elements can essentially take place in any geometrical shape, for example rectangular, polygonal or circular shapes can be selected for ceiling tiles, which results in any freedom of design and in this way, by arranging a plurality of spatial elements, different plan shapes are arranged one above the other or side by side can be, so that the system appears to be applicable for any purpose and utility buildings.

The inventive design of the room elements also allows easy adaptation to different requirements, which means, for example, that bevels, attachments, differently shaped walls, sloping ceilings or the like can be carried out in a simple manner, or curved or curved roof surfaces can be easily implemented. In this context, it is also possible, for example in the case of roof surfaces, to design these partially or very clearly, depending on the different geometric shapes, for example by appropriate selection of swivel axes, simple opening and closing movements with little effort being possible. In this context, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that for the formation of walls and / or ceiling or roof structures preferably pivotable and / or visible wall or ceiling or roof elements are fixed on the room elements. As already mentioned, different materials can be used, with safety or plexiglass being conceivable, for example, for open roof sections.

The advantages of the structure according to the invention can be particularly effective if the spatial elements are constructed, for example, from steel girders or steel profiles, which have a particularly high load-bearing capacity and resistance to loads falling on the structure, for example, the load-bearing capacity and load-bearing capacity the spatial elements can be adapted to the respective claims by the variability of the structure according to the invention which is possible according to the invention.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention can also consist in the fact that the floor frames are constructed consistently or partially in two or more fields. In this way, the individual room elements have one or more center columns.

Furthermore, the frames connecting the ends of the preferably horizontal, central sections of the storey frames can have their corners arranged at least partially between the outer, vertical sections of the storey frames, as is the case with a further preferred embodiment. This embodiment variant makes it possible to join the spatial elements side by side or one behind the other, as a result of which structures according to the invention with essentially rectangular plan shapes are achieved when they are joined to form continuous frame systems. In contrast, if the preferably horizontal, middle sections connect the outer sections of the floor frames, floor plans with recessed corners are achieved, whereby the variety of possible uses of the spatial elements according to the invention and the adaptability to existing requirements are immediately apparent.

Furthermore, it is preferably proposed according to the invention that the space elements placed one against the other or one above the other are preferably connected elastically at their touching corner points or nodes, for example by inserting elastic intermediate layers or by installing elastic connecting means, for example spring buffers, oscillating metal elements, gas pressure cylinders or the like are supported against each other. In this way, it is possible to design the structure to be elastically yielding, which in order to achieve various purposes, such as sound insulation, avoidance of the transmitted structure-borne noise, avoiding voltage peaks, compensating for subsidence, securing against earthquakes, etc., can be useful.

According to a further embodiment according to the invention, it is preferably proposed that connecting means consist of hollow body halves fastened and pressed together on the space elements to be connected, a smaller body being enclosed in the interior space thus formed and the space between the hollow body halves and the smaller body being elastic or plastic , e.g. is filled by foaming, sand filling or the like, whereby a simple and flexible connection can be achieved.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided according to the invention that at least a number of the connecting means of a space element consist of a body which is preferably fastened with a thin shaft and of a hollow body or vessel which is fastened to the space element to be attached and which overlaps or encloses the body and is larger, preferably divisible, on the inside the space in between is filled with elastic or plastic materials, for example by foaming, sand filling or the like. The thickness of the intermediate layers and the compressibility or the resistance to deformation of the material thereof are dimensioned according to the size of the displacements and forces to be expected or to be absorbed, for example amplitude and intensity of earthquakes and the weight of the components. In the case of very tall buildings, in which the movement of the room elements against one another could lead to the building tipping over, the stability of the building can be ensured by side extensions which support the high main building by means of elastic intermediate layers inserted at the points of contact. This construction method is particularly suitable for floors in which anchoring high buildings by means of their foundations in the building ground (for example anchors, piles, deep foundations etc.) would not be possible or would only be possible at high cost. According to a further preferred embodiment, the structure according to the invention is designed in such a way that the connecting means between a foundation and overlying them are essentially vertical frame sections and / or between superposed substantially vertical frame sections and / or between superposed essentially vertical frame sections Space elements are arranged, preferably the displaceability or rotatability of the superimposed space elements in the structure resulting from the dimensions and / or material properties of the elastic or plastic fillings being chosen to be smaller from the foundation upwards, so that the structure becomes too stiff upwards is. The sections located one above the other and their elastic connecting means with spherical and hollow bodies thus result in a structure comparable to the human backbone or a spine, the elastic intermediate layers inserted at the touching corner or node points corresponding to the intervertebral discs, due to the changing rigidity, correspondingly stable designs can be achieved for high buildings adapted to tectonic conditions.

Furthermore, it is preferably proposed according to the invention that individual room elements are each prefabricated for themselves and can be joined together as a whole to form the building. However, this procedure is only possible with certain restrictions regarding the size and weight of the individual, modular components.

To avoid these limitations, it is proposed that a respective floor frame of individual spatial elements is prefabricated as a whole and that the or the other or others, these penetrating or penetrating Stock _¬ track frames in the structure of his or her items and / or pre-assembled frame parts assembled or is or are, as this corresponds to a further preferred embodiment. In this way, the dimensions or the weights of the parts that are usually to be moved with cranes can be kept smaller or smaller. The room element in question is composed of smaller and lighter components on site.

According to a modified embodiment, the structure according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that spatial elements are formed from frames assembled from their individual parts, as a result of which the components or loads to be handled by the cranes can be kept even lower and thus further reduce the construction costs.

In order to achieve a further reduction in the weight of the components to be moved, the structure according to the invention is developed in such a way that clearing elements are at least partially composed of hollow profiles which only have a hardening mass in the structure, e.g. Concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete or lightweight concrete, which can be filled or pressed, as this corresponds to a further preferred embodiment. Filling with such materials may be desirable for reasons of sound insulation, fire protection, improvement of fire resistance, vibration damping, improvement of load-bearing capacity or the like.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is further provided that when joining or stacking room elements, adjoining sections of adjacent room elements can be connected to composite profiles or composite beams of greater load-bearing capacity or rigidity. The advantage of this modified embodiment of the structure according to the invention is that only partial profiles have to be transported or displaced and the weights to be moved are thus significantly reduced. In order to keep the time and labor costs as low as possible, it is provided according to a further preferred embodiment according to the invention that nodes or frame corners are prefabricated in the manner of pipe fittings, which can be plugged together with the frame sections to be connected and with the former, preferably by Pressing hardening substances into the joints are connectable. Furthermore, the structure according to the invention can be developed in such a way that nodes or frame corners can be formed from correspondingly shaped sheet metal pieces or the like by screwing, riveting, spot welding or the like, enclosing the sections to be connected and filling or pressing the joints.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the structure according to the invention, it is provided that frame sections of spatial elements are formed from one or more partial profiles, on which reinforcing bars, preferably reinforcing bars, are spaced from one another for a subsequent, optionally with temporary pressing of temporary formwork parts, filling with hardening building material , preferably concrete, are attached. In this way, a further reduction in weight during transport can be achieved. Additional advantages result if the subsequent concreting or filling in simultaneously with the connection of the components of frames, of prefabricated frame fields from neighboring room elements or dσl. can be made.

The present invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3 show examples of a spatial element in a schematic representation, seen obliquely from above. The two-story, closed storey frames are shown with thicker lines and labeled 1, 2, 11 and 12. net, with sections designated 3 and 4 extending substantially in the vertical direction. However, the sections can also be arranged at an incline in order to achieve inclined or inclined sections of the building or to obtain pyramid-like or conical spatial elements and buildings. 5, 5 ', 5 ", 6, 6' and 6" denote sections of the floor frame which run essentially horizontally, but which can also be arranged at an incline. Inclined sections and inclined sections can be used in particular in structures that are not used as residential buildings or the like, such as scaffolding for traffic routes, multi-storey road guides (also on inclines and slopes), viaducts, bridges, slope bridges, crossings, overpasses, Pedestrian overpasses, as well as pure support or support structures or the like. 7 and 8 denote the closed frames that connect the end of sections 5 and 6 of the floor frame. These frames 7 and 8 are shown drawn with thinner lines.

In Fig. 3 it can be seen how a vertical corner of a building can be chamfered in a simple manner. The floor frames of FIG. 3, in contrast to the single-field floor frames of the spatial elements shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (without a central section), have two fields, as a result of which the spatial element of FIG. 3 has a central section common to two penetrating floor frames.

3 and 5 it is shown in broken lines with the reference symbol 5 'how a building corner or the relevant frame corner can be chamfered horizontally, so that there is, for example, a roof slope.

4 and 5, the floor frame of the spatial elements of FIGS. 1 and 2 and FIG. 3 are drawn out in plan view. The "middle", horizontal lines cuts 5 and 6 do not have to be arranged vertically in the middle, as shown here. Rather, as can be seen, for example, in FIGS. 25 and 26, they can be moved up or down as desired, for example in order to form lower mezzanines for accommodating installations, lines, air conditioning systems or the like. The essentially horizontal frames 7, which connect the end points of sections 5 and 6 of FIGS. 1 and 2, differ in that their corner points according to FIG. 1 are arranged between the end points of sections 5, 6.

6 and 7 show floor plans of buildings. In the floor plan according to FIG. 6 (building of spatial elements according to FIG. 1), the levels of the adjoining storey frames of the spatial elements joined together in rows run parallel to the flat facades thus obtained. The building of FIG. 7 is formed from spatial elements according to FIG. 2. If the floor frames of the room elements are joined together to form frame systems, facades with corners that protrude at corners, here at 45 ° to the levels of the frame systems, with projecting corners or the like result.

8 to 24 and 27 to 30 show in plan how varied examples of room elements can be modified. In these figures, too, the storey frames are shown with thicker lines and the essentially horizontal frames connecting the ends of the middle sections with thin lines. 9, 13 and 14, two spatial elements are joined together. The middle sections of multi-field floor frames are indicated by thickening. 9, 17 and 18 show how individual corners can be chamfered or replaced in the horizontal frame. 16 shows how a projection, for example for an oriel of a building, can be formed. 25 and 26 show a view from the front of the floor frames of the spatial elements of FIGS. 21 and 22. The middle, essentially horizontal sections of the floor frames are arranged offset far up in this embodiment, whereby an upper, lower shaft, eg for the inclusion of installations, lines or the like.

31 and 32 show in a schematic view how versatile and advantageous spatial elements can be combined to smaller buildings with changing building or storey heights so popular in today's architecture and the resulting characteristic building or roof outlines.

33 shows in longitudinal section the use of such spatial elements for the production of a valley crossing (viaduct) or a river bridge in traffic route construction. The space elements serve as the substructure of the traffic route and are adapted to the slope of the road by a corresponding inclination of the upper frame sections.

With the bridge or street constructions shown in FIG. 33, installations can be accommodated in the lower part in which the spatial elements are provided. Alternatively, elements of solar power plants, such as plate-like structures provided with solar cells, together with the associated supply facilities, can also be arranged in the open space structures.

Furthermore, elements of wind power plants, for example propellers or the like, can be arranged on the longitudinal beams of the essentially open structures under appropriate ambient conditions, since conditions are often favorable for generating electrical energy for the use of wind energy, and moreover, in narrow valleys the existing frame construction, no separate uprights need to be installed.

Similarly, in the case of the house constructions indicated by way of example in FIGS. 31 and 32, in the event that not all the room elements are clad with wall or ceiling constructions, devices for using wind energy or components of solar power plants, for example, can be arranged in such open structures.

34 to 37 show the construction of superstructures of traffic routes, in particular soundproofing tunnels for roads or railroad tracks. Of course, the street and the railway track can also be housed together in one building. 34 and 35 show cross sections of such structures. In each case, lower floors are provided as a mezzanine above the traffic route for receiving installations, supply or disposal lines, signal monitoring and control lines or the like, the upper side also being able to be used as a street surface.

36 shows a spatial element in the floor plan and FIG. 37 shows a central and an outer wall element of the tunnel in accordance with FIG. 35 also in the floor plan. In this tunnel, the spatial elements forming the ceiling of the building above the above-mentioned mezzanine contain, for example somewhat higher storey for pedestrian passages, shops or the like. Crossings with traffic levels at the same level can be made in the simplest way by omitting frame sections or by enlarging the relevant frame field widths and leaving these fields open.

38 shows a schematic representation of the schematic view from the front of a high-rise building in order to achieve greater earthquake security. 39 to 41 show different different designs of connecting means 15, 16. An example of elastic intermediate layers 17 is also shown in section in FIG. 42. An elastic cushion 18 is glued, vulcanized or the like between two rigid plates 19 made of steel, plastic or the like. The connecting means 16 and 15, which are between a foundation and above it, are essentially vertical frame sections and / or between Essentially vertical frame sections, one above the other, are installed one above the other, are designed with displaceability or twistability that decreases in size from the foundation 14 in the building. This can be achieved, for example, by an upward decreasing thickness of the respective elastic or plastic filling between the hollow body halves 20 and the smaller bodies 21 or the hollow bodies / vessels 24 and the bodies 23. The desired reduction in the displaceability or twistability can also be achieved by appropriate selection of different materials for the respective fillings of foundations 14 upwards. As a result of these measures, the structure is made too rigid and can be adapted in a favorable manner to the expected intensity, frequency, etc. of the earthquakes that may be expected.

43 shows a schematic oblique view of how a spatial element made up of preassembled floor frames or frame parts can be assembled on site in the building in order to increase the volume and weight of the items to be transported or moved, in particular to be lifted and lowered. To keep components as low as possible.

44 shows schematically a side view of joined and superimposed spatial elements. The adjoining edge sections 25 and upper and lower sections 26, 27 of these spatial elements are in the form of I or V profiles 28 that complement one another to form composite profiles (FIG. 45). and T-profiles 39 (Fig. 46). The connection to the composite profiles is made by screwing, riveting, welding or the like. Of tabs 30 after the positioning of the room elements.

A similar variant of the design or configuration of composite profiles as sections of spatial elements is shown in FIGS. 51 and 52 in cross or longitudinal section. Reinforcing rods, preferably reinforcing irons 32, are attached to the partial profiles 31 at a distance. Fig. 51 shows assembly connection tabs 33 and the partial profiles. After the partial profiles have been positioned, provisional formwork parts 34 are pressed, for example with screw clamps 35, and the interior thus formed is filled with self-hardening building material, preferably concrete. In this way, the transport weight of components can be kept considerably smaller. At the same time, the measures causing a significant weight gain, such as for fire protection, for the completion of the composite girder and, if necessary, for the connection of neighboring room elements, in one operation after positioning.

47 shows a knot 36 and two frame corners 37, which are prefabricated in the manner of pipe fittings or sockets. Round sections, for example steel pipes or round timbers, are shown in the drawing. The frame sections are inserted into the nodes and corners and are connected to the same, preferably by pressing hardening substances into the joints or spaces. The nodes and corners are provided with pipe sockets 38 for pressing in. In order to prevent the injection compound from flowing out, if necessary, elastic sealing strips can be attached to the open ends of the nodes or frame corners. 48 shows a prefabricated knot for four-channel tubes, profiles, squared timbers or the like. 49 and 50 show another embodiment of a sleeve. The sleeve is formed by screwing together, clamping or the like. Of sheet metal shells 39, plastic shells or the like. The profiles to be connected do not need to be inserted in this way, but the sleeve can be mounted around the profiles in their final position. In Fig. 39 elastic sealing tires 50 are shown; 38 again designates a pipe socket for pressing in hardening mass.

53 shows a longitudinal section of an installation tunnel or collector which is composed of spatial elements and is mounted on the ground. It is led across the valley on the bottom of the valley. A pipeline laid in this way is called a culvert or a siphon. 54 shows a possible arrangement of the various pipes, cables, etc. in cross section. 55 shows a single spatial element in longitudinal section. The side walls, the floor and the ceiling of the collector or tunnel can be clad with heat-insulating panels made of, for example, lightweight concrete. Such pipelines can be used to transport a wide variety of fluids, for example for water pipes, as feeds to power plants, etc. Hiebei is also favorable for valley crossings with large height differences in the pipelines for a first pressure equalization after the delivery process has stopped or for one first use to avoid pressure peaks to provide corresponding reduction valves in the downhill sections.

56 to 58 show a special tab connection for a knot of double T or I beams. Fig. 56 shows a single tab part. Figs. 57 and 58 show how in each case double tab parts are inserted into one another from above or below and welded to one another. The interconnected, vertical I-beams are rotated 90 ° against each other (see Fig. 58). The bridges of the I- Carriers are inserted between the double tab parts and screwed or riveted.

59 and 60 show a similar tab connection for a knot of square profiles or squared timbers. Here, too, are pairs of tabs, as shown in FIG. 59, which are inserted and welded into one another from above and from below.

61 to 64 show another type of node connection. Fig. 62 shows two perforated pieces of lining plate 42 which are welded at the end of an I-beam between its flanges and web, as shown in Figs. 63 and 64. These carrier ends can then, as shown in FIG. 61, be screwed or riveted to the flanges and to the web of a vertical I-carrier 43.

If such connections of profiles are provided, the non-positive design and the at least partial penetration or mutual reception of the essentially intersecting profile elements enable correspondingly rigid and thus extremely stable constructions to be achieved. Furthermore, when using different materials of the individual profile constructions or also to simplify a subsequent filling of the profiles to achieve a sufficiently stable composite structure and to compensate for possibly very different, temperature-dependent expansion coefficients, the arrangement of appropriate intermediate stores in the area of the connections or in the Area of adjoining elements or areas made of different materials can be provided.

Another embodiment of a node connection of I-beams is shown in an oblique view in FIG. 65 and in section in FIG. 66. The vertical section 49 and the horizontal section 48 each run through in one piece and are connected by a box-like chuck 44 made of hollow profiles by screws or rivets. A further I-beam (not shown) can be connected to the horizontal section 48 by means of the welded bracket T-piece 45, 46. The web of this I-beam is inserted between the double tabs 46 and screwed or riveted. The lining piece 44 and the tab T-piece 45, 46 are highlighted in FIG. 65 by reinforced lines.

67 to 73 show how advantageous spatial elements can be used to solve special tasks of modern architecture. In some countries today, it is desired that at least parts of the upper end of buildings, in particular roofs, can be removed temporarily in order to have open, airy and unobstructed ventilated rooms. FIGS. 67 to 73 show partially clearly formed roofs which are achieved by bevelling in the horizontal (see in particular FIG. 68). 67 and 68 show two views of an amily house, in which the majority of the roof half can be pushed aside by telescoping four parts 50 to one side. Fig. 69 shows this embodiment in an oblique view. 70 shows another embodiment as a folding roof in an oblique view; 71 shows this in a front view. 72 shows a collapsible and foldable roof half in a view from the front. 73 shows an embodiment variant with a roof half that can be folded down like a desk.

In the event of a fire, such partially removable or apparent roofing of structures can prove to be a very useful access option from above, for example for helicopters for the rescue of trapped people.

In FIG. 74 it is indicated how a plate element 51 at least partially encompasses a horizontal section, for example 5 or 6 according to FIGS. 1 to 5, via a recess 52, so that a floor, ceiling or floor element is formed without causing an increase in the space requirement. Naturally, such a plate element 51 can also be used to form wall elements by encompassing at least one vertical section, for example 3 or 4 according to FIGS. 1 to 4, of a spatial element. Furthermore, such a plate element 51 can also be formed with a plurality of recesses or depressions 52 if larger wall or ceiling elements are to be formed.

A plate element 51 can be formed from prefabricated concrete or from in-situ concrete, reinforcements being indicated schematically at 53.

Claims

Patent claims

1.Building from one or more, placed on each other and / or one above the other, each designed as a skeleton, essentially prismatic room elements, for example as a supporting structure for single-family houses, multi-storey buildings, traffic and noise protection structures, surface covering structures or the like, characterized in that each room element is formed from at least two interpenetrating, at least two-storey, closed floor frames (1, 2, 11, 12), which preferably enclose a right angle, vertical sections (3, 4) preferably forming the outer edges of the room element and middle, preferably horizontal sections (5, 6) are connected to one another at their ends by a closed frame, ring or ring (7, 8). (Fig. 1-3, 5)

2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that on the frame elements to form wall, ceiling or

Floor elements, the vertical and / or horizontal sections (e.g. 3, 4, 5, 6) at least partially encompassing or covering plate elements (51) can be fixed.

3. Building according to claim 2, characterized in that the plate elements (51) are formed from in particular with reinforcements (53) provided precast concrete elements or in-situ concrete.

4. Building according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that for the formation of walls and / or ceiling or roof structures on the room elements preferably pivotable and / or apparent wall or ceiling or roof elements are fixed. (Fig. 67-73)

5. Building according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the floor frame (1, 2, 11, 12) throughout or are partially designed with two or more fields. (Fig. 1-3)

6. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ends of the preferably horizontal, central sections (5, 6) of the floor frame (1, 2, 11, 12) connecting their frames at least partially between the outer, have vertical sections (3) of the floor frame (1, 2, 11, 12) arranged.

7. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the space elements placed one against the other or one above the other are preferably elastic at their touching corner points or nodes, e.g. are connected to one another or supported against one another by inserting elastic intermediate layers (17) or by installing elastic connecting means (15, 16), for example spring buffers, oscillating metal elements, gas pressure or the like. (Fig. 38, 42)

8. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that connecting means (15, 16) consist of hollow body halves (20, 24) fastened to the spatial elements to be connected and pressed together, a smaller body (21, 23) is enclosed and the space between the hollow body halves (20) and the smaller body (21) is elastic or plastic, for example is filled by foaming, sand filling or the like. (Fig. 38-41)

9. A structure according to claim 8, characterized in that at least a number of the connecting means (15, 16) of a spatial element made of a body (23) preferably fastened with a thin shaft (22) and of a spatial element attached to the spatial element to be attached, the body (21 , 23) overlapping or enclosing, internally larger, preferably divisible hollow body or vessel (20, 24), the space between them being elastic or plastic. for example, is filled by foaming, sand filling or the like. (Fig. 39-41)

10. Building according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the connecting means (15, 16) between a foundation (14) and located above this, essentially vertical frame sections and / or between superimposed essentially vertical frame sections superimposed spatial elements , preferably the displaceability or rotatability of the superimposed spatial elements in the building resulting from the dimensions and / or material properties of the elastic or plastic fillings are chosen to be smaller from the foundation (14). (Fig. 39-41)

11. Building according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that individual room elements are each prefabricated for themselves and can be joined together as a whole to form the building.

12. Building according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that one floor frame of individual room elements is prefabricated as a whole and that the other or the other, this penetrating or penetrating floor frame in the building from his or her Individual parts and / or is or are composed of preassembled frame parts.

13. Building according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that spatial elements are formed from frames assembled from their individual parts.

14. Building according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that spatial elements are at least partially composed of hollow profiles, which can only be filled or squeezed out in the building with a hardening mass, for example concrete, fiber concrete or expanded clay concrete. WO 98/01633 _ ^ _ PCT / AT97 / 00150

15. Building according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that when joining or superposing space elements adjoining sections (25-27) of adjacent space elements can be connected to composite profiles or composite beams of greater load-bearing capacity or rigidity. (Fig. 44 - 46)

16. Building according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that nodes (36) or frame corners (37) are prefabricated for themselves in the manner of pipe fittings which can be plugged together with the frame sections to be connected and with the former, are preferably connectable by pressing hardening substances into the joints. (Fig. 47)

17. Structure according to claim 16, characterized in that nodes or frame corners made of appropriately shaped sheet metal pieces (39) or the like. By screwing together, riveting, spot welding or the like. The same, enclosing the sections to be connected and filling or pressing Joints can be formed. (Fig. 49, 50)

18. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that frame sections of space elements from one or more partial profiles (31) are formed, on which at a mutual distance reinforcing rods, preferably reinforcing bars (32), for a subsequent, optionally with temporary pressure provisional formwork parts (34), filling with hardening building material, preferably concrete, are fastened. (Fig. 51, 52)