WO1989008427A1 - Device for producing an angiogram - Google Patents
Device for producing an angiogram Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1989008427A1 WO1989008427A1 PCT/DE1989/000130 DE8900130W WO8908427A1 WO 1989008427 A1 WO1989008427 A1 WO 1989008427A1 DE 8900130 W DE8900130 W DE 8900130W WO 8908427 A1 WO8908427 A1 WO 8908427A1
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- Prior art keywords
- radiation source
- pulse
- radiation
- camera
- fluorescence
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002583 angiography Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002964 excitative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010047139 Vasoconstriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001365 lymphatic vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000025033 vasoconstriction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0071—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by measuring fluorescence emission
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4887—Locating particular structures in or on the body
- A61B5/489—Blood vessels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for producing an angiography, in particular fluorescence angiography, with a radiation source effecting an excitation-effective radiation of a vessel preferably supplied with fluorescent agent, and with a photographic film camera.
- Angiography and in particular fluorescence angiography, is used for the high-contrast display of vessels in the image, in particular for the display of blood and other body vessels, such as arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels.
- the examination of such vessels is important because they may have changed, e.g. are narrowed in the course of time, so that malfunctions occur, for the remedy of which it must be known to what extent there is a malfunction, for example a circulatory disorder caused by vasoconstriction.
- PRIOR ART Angiographic devices which work on the basis of X-rays are widespread and work in such a way that a contrast medium is injected into the vessels to achieve sufficient image contrast, the radiation absorption of which can be used in the production of photographic recordings.
- Devices are also known for fluorescence angiography, in which the propagation of a and introduced into the vessel investigated dye transported by the vascular fluid, which fluoresces with suitable excitation. This results in an excitation-effective irradiation with a light whose frequencies are matched to the absorption frequencies of the fluorescent agent. The fluorescent light is observed and used for image recordings, the observation taking place optically. However, the image recordings obtained are often blurred.
- causes of unsharpness are movement processes due to the flow of the fluorescent agent in the vessels or other movements, for example movements of the patient during the recording and the associated displacements of the setting plane of the optics used for image recording and the resulting distortions of the observation area.
- the properties of the examined organ can also lead to blurred, for example in eye examinations in which the lens of the eye also determines or changes the focal position of the image.
- the object of the invention is to improve a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that angiography can be produced with minimized radiation energy, compared with continuous irradiation or exposure, which in connection with briefly acting mechanical or optical Closure systems is used.
- a pulse radiation source is present as the radiation source and a video camera is present as the film camera, and that the pulse radiation can be triggered when the camera is completely closed.
- the radiation of the vessel takes place in pulses.
- the pulses from such a pulse radiation source can be kept sufficiently short to exclude motion blur.
- the pulse irradiation takes place exclusively during the time serving for the image acquisition in order to have a complete utilization of the radiation energy of the pulse for the image acquisition, in particular when working with a fluorescent agent to be excited.
- the pulse radiation is carried out when the shutter of a camera is fully opened.
- Such cameras can produce high quality image recordings, e.g. High resolution pictures. It is also important for the invention that a video camera is used to achieve the desired image series.
- the device according to the invention differs from generally known video arrangements in that pulse exposure is provided, while the exposure time of the frame rate is known to be coupled. If conventional video arrangements were used to produce angiography, the latter would have the undesirable consequence that the motion blur described at the beginning occurs. An increase in the exposure radiation energy for the use of shorter exposure times would be disadvantageous in terms of tissue physiology.
- the load on the irradiated tissue increases considerably.
- the radiation energy can be used practically completely for exposure.
- the device can therefore advantageously be used for eye examinations.
- it can be used without fluorescent agents and filters, or with filters with overlapping transmission, which helps to suppress motion blur in examinations with higher magnifications, e.g. in examinations of the foreground of the eye.
- video cameras are used in which the pulse radiation can be triggered while the video camera is rewinding.
- the pulse radiation source advantageously emits incoherent light.
- incoherent light is used when conventional optics are to be used for image acquisition, such as lens systems, fiber optics or mirrors.
- filters can also be used which adjust the spectrum of the light to the Limit absorption frequencies of the fluorescent dye.
- a pulse radiation source is advantageous
- Spark flash source available, which, due to its low-induction design, allows particularly steep and short pulses to be generated with a correspondingly short lighting time and also with high luminance.
- a laser operated in pulse mode is available as the pulse radiation source, with which the required luminance and the required short-term radiation pulses can be generated without problems.
- a high excitation of a fluorescent agent matched to the wavelength of the laser radiation is therefore possible without any problems.
- the laser since the laser provides coherent light, additional measures known per se for suppressing speckle phenomena must be taken.
- the frequency spectrum of the radiation can be switched alternately between the areas of fluorescence excitation and fluorescence emission in order to increase the contrast in the vicinity of the fluorescent agent forming the fluorescence sources during successive image recordings.
- it is possible to form a difference between successive image recordings by weighting an image recording produced in the area of fluorescence excitation, for example in the blue, and subtracting it from an image recording produced under fluorescence emission, for example in green / yellow.
- the difference image is a representation of increased contrast.
- Such an image subtraction can be carried out in a simple manner by means of devices for intermediate image storage when using video systems, with automation is easily possible and thus a corresponding increase in speed in the production of image recordings.
- An Elitz source is present as the pulse radiation source 10, which emits, for example, coherent light if it is a laser, or incoherent light if it is a spark flash source.
- the pulse radiation source 10 emits, for example, coherent light if it is a laser, or incoherent light if it is a spark flash source.
- Their activity depends on the actuation of the pulse radiation source 10 by means of a trigger pulse 13.
- the pulse radiation source 10 sends a signal to the synchronization 12, which initiates the opening of the shutter of the camera 11.
- the synchronization takes place in such a way that the pulse radiation of the vessel to be examined, which is not shown here, takes place exclusively during the time serving for image acquisition, so that the camera 11 records the light reflected by the organ or emitted due to the fluorescence excitation of the fluorescent agent can.
- the synchronization 12 is also able to switch the frequency spectrum in the case of successive image recordings between the areas of fluorescence excitation and fluorescence emission by causing a filter change in the beam path of the irradiation or illumination, for example by means of a filter wheel. which is also not shown.
- a device 13 for recording is shown in the figure, namely for video recording.
- the function of the video camera of 13 is coordinated with the synchronization 12 to the pulse radiation source 10.
- monitor 14 on which the recording process can be monitored continuously, so that the person carrying out the method can intervene immediately.
- angiography can be produced with reduced radiation energy.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
A device for producing an angiogram, in particular a fluorescence angiogram, comprises a radiation source which generates an excitatory irradiation of a vessel preferably supplied with a fluorescent contrast medium and a cine camera. The device, which is used in conjunction with high-speed mechanical or optical shutter systems, is so designed that the radiation source used is of a pulsed type and the cine camera used is a video camera, and that the pulsed radiation can be triggered at maximum aperture of the camera.
Description
Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Aπgioqrαphie Device for producing an angiography
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Her¬ stellen einer Angiografie, insbesondere Fluoreszenzangiografie, mit einer eine anregungswirksame Bestrahlung eines vorzugsweise mit Fluoreszenzmittel versorgten Gefäßes bewirkenden Strah¬ lungsquelle, und mit einer fotografischen Filmkamera.The invention relates to a device for producing an angiography, in particular fluorescence angiography, with a radiation source effecting an excitation-effective radiation of a vessel preferably supplied with fluorescent agent, and with a photographic film camera.
Die Angiografie und insbesondere die Fluoreszenzangiogra- fie dient der kontrastreichen Darstellung von Gefäßen im Bild, insbesondere zur Darstellung von Blut- und anderen Körperge¬ fäßen, wie Arterien, Venen und Lymphgefäßen. Die Untersuchung derartiger Gefäße ist deswegen von Bedeutung, weil sie sich möglicherweise verändert haben, z.B. im Laufe der Zeit verengt sind, so daß Funktionsstörungen auftreten, zu deren Behebung bekannt sein muß, in welchem Umfang eine Funktionsstörung vor¬ liegt, also beispielsweise eine durch Gefäßverengung bedingte Durchblutungsstörung.Angiography, and in particular fluorescence angiography, is used for the high-contrast display of vessels in the image, in particular for the display of blood and other body vessels, such as arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels. The examination of such vessels is important because they may have changed, e.g. are narrowed in the course of time, so that malfunctions occur, for the remedy of which it must be known to what extent there is a malfunction, for example a circulatory disorder caused by vasoconstriction.
Stand der Technik Weit verbreitet sind röntgenologisch arbeitende angiogra- fische Vorrichtungen, die so arbeiten, daß in die Gefäße zur Erzielung eines ausreichenden Bildkontrastes ein Kontrastmittel injiziert wird, dessen Strahlenabsorption bei der Herstellung von fotografischen Aufnahmen ausgenutzt werden kann. Bekannt sind des weiteren Vorrichtungen für die Fluoreszenzangiografie, bei der die -Ausbreitung eines in das Gefäß eingebrachten und
durch die Gefäßflüssigkeit transportierten Farbstoffes unter¬ sucht wird, der bei geeigneter Anregung fluoresziert. Dabei er¬ folgt eine anregungswirksame Bestrahlung mit einem Licht, des¬ sen Frequenzen auf die Absorpticnsfrequen∑en des Fluoreszenz¬ mittels abgestimmt sind. Beobachtet und zu Bildaufnahmen ausge¬ nutzt wird das Fluoreszenzlicht, wobei die Beobachtung optisch erfolgt. Die dabei erzielten Biidaufnahmen sind jedoch häufig unscharf. Ursachen für Unscharfen sind Bewεgungs orgänge auf¬ grund der Strömung des Fluoreszenzmittels in den Gefäßen oder sonstiger Bewegungen, z.B. Bewegungen des Patienten während der Aufnahme und damit verbundene Verlagerungen der Einstellebene der der Bildaufnahme dienenden Optik und die dadurch gegebenen Verzerrungen des Beobachtungsgebiets. Ferner können auch die Eigenschaften des untersuchten Organs zu unscharfen führen, z.B. bei Augenuntersuchungen, bei denen die Linse des Auges dis Fokuslage der Abbildung mitbestimmt bzw. verändert.PRIOR ART Angiographic devices which work on the basis of X-rays are widespread and work in such a way that a contrast medium is injected into the vessels to achieve sufficient image contrast, the radiation absorption of which can be used in the production of photographic recordings. Devices are also known for fluorescence angiography, in which the propagation of a and introduced into the vessel investigated dye transported by the vascular fluid, which fluoresces with suitable excitation. This results in an excitation-effective irradiation with a light whose frequencies are matched to the absorption frequencies of the fluorescent agent. The fluorescent light is observed and used for image recordings, the observation taking place optically. However, the image recordings obtained are often blurred. Causes of unsharpness are movement processes due to the flow of the fluorescent agent in the vessels or other movements, for example movements of the patient during the recording and the associated displacements of the setting plane of the optics used for image recording and the resulting distortions of the observation area. Furthermore, the properties of the examined organ can also lead to blurred, for example in eye examinations in which the lens of the eye also determines or changes the focal position of the image.
Es ist bei der Hochgeschwindigkeitsfotografie bekannt (Kurt Dieter Solf: "Fotogra ie", Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, ISBN 3-593-23355-0, Seiten 293 bis 303), Impulsstrahlungsquel- len zur Belichtung von fotografischen Objekten zu benutzen, um Bewegungsunschärfen zu vermeiden. Außerdem ist es aus der ge¬ nannten Druckschrift bekannt, Vorgänge im Inneren von Körpern durch Röntgenblitzfotografie sichtbar zu machen. Dabei fehlt jedoch der Bezug zu lebenden Körpern bzw. zur Angiografie. Das gilt insbesondere für die bei der Röntgenblitzfotografie be¬ kannten Serienaufnahmen.
Darstellung der ErfindungIn high-speed photography (Kurt Dieter Solf: "Fotogra ie", Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, ISBN 3-593-23355-0, pages 293 to 303) it is known to use pulse radiation sources for the exposure of photographic objects in order to blur motion to avoid. In addition, it is known from said publication to make processes inside bodies visible by means of X-ray flash photography. However, there is no reference to living bodies or angiography. This applies in particular to the series exposures known in the case of X-ray flash photography. Presentation of the invention
Dem Bekannten gegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß die Angiografie mit minimierter Strahlungsener¬ gie hergestellt werden kann, verglichen mit kontinuierlicher Bestrahlung bzw. Belichtung, die in Verbindung mit kurzzeitig wirkenden mechanischen bzw. optischen Verschlußsystemen verwen¬ det wird.Compared to the known, the object of the invention is to improve a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that angiography can be produced with minimized radiation energy, compared with continuous irradiation or exposure, which in connection with briefly acting mechanical or optical Closure systems is used.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß als Strahlungs¬ quelle eine Impulsstrahlungsquelle und als Filmkamera eine Vi¬ deokamera vorhanden ist, und daß die Impulsbestrahlung bei vol¬ ler Verschlußöffnung der Kamera auslösbar ist.This object is achieved in that a pulse radiation source is present as the radiation source and a video camera is present as the film camera, and that the pulse radiation can be triggered when the camera is completely closed.
Für die Erfindung ist von Bedeutung, daß die Bestrahlung des Gefäßes impulsweise erfolgt. Die Impulse einer solchen Im¬ pulsstrahlungsquelle können genügend kurz gehalten werden, um Bewegungsunschärfen auszuschließen. Darüber hinaus ist es wich¬ tig, daß die Impulsbestrahlung ausschließlich während der der Bildaufnahme dienenden Zeit erfolgt, um eine vollständige Aus¬ nutzung der Strahlungsenergie des Impulses für die Bildaufnahme zu haben, insbesondere wenn mit anzuregendem Fluoreszenzmittel gearbeitet wird.It is important for the invention that the radiation of the vessel takes place in pulses. The pulses from such a pulse radiation source can be kept sufficiently short to exclude motion blur. In addition, it is important that the pulse irradiation takes place exclusively during the time serving for the image acquisition in order to have a complete utilization of the radiation energy of the pulse for the image acquisition, in particular when working with a fluorescent agent to be excited.
Um die Impulsbestrahlung ausschließlich während der der Bildaufnahme dienenden Zeit erfolgen zu lassen, muß eine ent¬ sprechende Synchronisation zwischen der Strahlungsquelle und einer der Bildaufnahme dienenden Vorrichtung erfolgen. Um inso¬ weit herkömmliche Synchronisationsvorrichtungen ausnutzen zu können, wird die Impulsbestrahlung bei voller Öffnung des Ver¬ schlusses einer Kamera vorgenommen.In order to allow the pulse irradiation to take place exclusively during the time serving for image recording, a corresponding synchronization between the radiation source and a device serving for image recording must take place. In order to be able to utilize conventional synchronization devices to this extent, the pulse radiation is carried out when the shutter of a camera is fully opened.
Derartige Kameras können Bildaufnahmen hoher Qualität her¬ stellen, z.3. Aufnahmen hoher Auflösung.
Für die Erfindung ist es desweiteren von Bedeutung, daß zur Erzielung der gewünschten Bildserien eine Videokamera ver¬ wendet wird. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung unterscheidet sich von allgemein bekannten Videoanordnungen dadurch, daß eine Impulsbelichtung vorgesehen ist, während bekannterweise die Be¬ lichtungszeit der Bildfolgefrequenz gekoppelt ist. Letzteres hätte beim Einsatz herkömmlicher Videoanordnungen zum Herstei¬ len einer Angiografie die unerwünschte Folge, daß die eingangs beschriebenen Bewegungsunschärfen auftreten. Eine Erhöhung der Belichtungsstrahlungsenergie für die Ausnutzung kürzerer Be¬ lichtungszeiten wäre gewebephysiologisch ungünstig.Such cameras can produce high quality image recordings, e.g. High resolution pictures. It is also important for the invention that a video camera is used to achieve the desired image series. The device according to the invention differs from generally known video arrangements in that pulse exposure is provided, while the exposure time of the frame rate is known to be coupled. If conventional video arrangements were used to produce angiography, the latter would have the undesirable consequence that the motion blur described at the beginning occurs. An increase in the exposure radiation energy for the use of shorter exposure times would be disadvantageous in terms of tissue physiology.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße impulsweise Belichtung bei Se¬ rienaufnahmen in Verbindung mit einer Videokamera bei voller Verschlußöffnung nimmt die Belastung des bestrahlten Gewebes erheblich a . Insbesondere kann die Bestrahlungsenergie prak¬ tisch vollständig zur Belichtung ausgenutzt werden. Die Vor¬ richtung ist daher vorteilhaft für Augenuntersuchungen einsetz- bar. Hier kann es ohne Fluoreszenzmittel und Filter eingesetzt werden, bzw. mit Filtern überlappender Transmission, was zur Unterdrückung von Bewegungsunschärfen bei Untersuchungen mit höherer Vergrößerung beiträgt, z.B. bei Untersuchungen des Au¬ genvordergrundes.Due to the pulsed exposure according to the invention in series recordings in connection with a video camera with the shutter fully open, the load on the irradiated tissue increases considerably. In particular, the radiation energy can be used practically completely for exposure. The device can therefore advantageously be used for eye examinations. Here it can be used without fluorescent agents and filters, or with filters with overlapping transmission, which helps to suppress motion blur in examinations with higher magnifications, e.g. in examinations of the foreground of the eye.
Um längere Bildserien herzustellen oder weiterverarbei¬ tungsmäßig einfach zu handhabende Bildaufnahmen anzufertigen, werden Videokameras eingesetzt, bei denen die Impulsbestrahlung während des Bildrücklaufs der Videokamera auslösbar ist.In order to produce longer series of images or to produce image recordings that are easy to handle in terms of further processing, video cameras are used in which the pulse radiation can be triggered while the video camera is rewinding.
Vorteilhafterweise strahlt die Impulsstrahlungsquelle in¬ kohärentes Licht aus. Derartiges inkohärentes Licht wird ver¬ wendet, wenn herkömmliche Optiken bei der Bildaufnahme verwen¬ det werden sollen, wie Linsensysteme, Faseroptiken oder Spie¬ gel. Bei der Anwendung des inkohärenten Lichts können auch Fil¬ ter eingesetzt werden, die das Spektrum des Lichts auf die Ab¬ sorptionsfrequenzen des Fluoreszenzfarbstoffs begrenzen.
Vorteilhafterweise ist als Impulsstrahlungsquelle eineThe pulse radiation source advantageously emits incoherent light. Such incoherent light is used when conventional optics are to be used for image acquisition, such as lens systems, fiber optics or mirrors. When using the incoherent light, filters can also be used which adjust the spectrum of the light to the Limit absorption frequencies of the fluorescent dye. A pulse radiation source is advantageous
Funkenblitzquelle vorhanden, die infolge ihrer induktionsarmen Bauweise besonders steile und kurze Impulse mit entsprechend kurzer Leuchtzeit und darüber hinaus mit hoher Leuchtdichte zu erzeugen gestattet.Spark flash source available, which, due to its low-induction design, allows particularly steep and short pulses to be generated with a correspondingly short lighting time and also with high luminance.
Als Impulsstrahlungsquelle ist ein im Impulsbetrieb be¬ triebener Laser vorhanden, mit dem die erforderlichen Leucht¬ dichten und die erforderlichen kurzzeitigen Strahlungsimpulse problemlos erzeugt werden können. Eine hohe Anregung eines auf die Wellenlänge der Laserstrahlung abgestimmten Fluoreszenzmit¬ tels ist also problemlos möglich. Da der Laser jedoch kohären¬ tes Licht zur Verfügung stellt, müssen zusätzliche an sich be¬ kannte Maßnahmen zur Unterdrückung von Specklephänomenen ge¬ troffen werden.A laser operated in pulse mode is available as the pulse radiation source, with which the required luminance and the required short-term radiation pulses can be generated without problems. A high excitation of a fluorescent agent matched to the wavelength of the laser radiation is therefore possible without any problems. However, since the laser provides coherent light, additional measures known per se for suppressing speckle phenomena must be taken.
Es ist eine stroboskopartig mit einstellbaren Strahlungs¬ parametern arbeitende Impulsstrahlungsquelle vorhanden, wodurch eine große Folge von Bildaufnahmen mit vergleichsweise hoher Bildfolgegeschwindigkeit hergestellt werden kann. Die Einstell¬ barkeit der Strahlungsparameter gestattet die Aαpassung an den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck.There is a pulsed radiation source which operates in the manner of a stroboscope with adjustable radiation parameters, as a result of which a large sequence of image recordings can be produced at a comparatively high image sequence speed. The adjustability of the radiation parameters allows adaptation to the respective application.
Das Frequenzspektrum der Strahlung ist zur Erhöhung des Kontrasts in der Umgebung des Fluoreszenzquellen bildenden Fluoreszenzmittels bei aufeinanderfolgenden Bildaufnahmen ab¬ wechselnd zwischen den Bereichen der Fluoreszenzanregrung und der Fluoreszenzemission umschaltbar. Mit Hilfe einer solchen Umschaltung läßt sich eine Differenzbildung aufeinanderfolgen¬ der Bildaufnahmen durchführen, indem eine im Bereich der Fluo¬ reszenzanregung, also beispielsweise im Blauen, hergestellte Bildaufnahme gewichtet und von einer unter Fluoreszenzemission, z.B. im Grün/Gelben, hergestellten Bildaufnahme abgezogen wird. Das Differenzbild ist eine Darstellung gesteigerten Kontrasts. Eine derartige Bildsubtraktion kann bei Einsatz von Videosyste¬ men in einfacher Weise mittels Einrichtungen zur Bildzwischen- speicherung vorgenommen werden, wobei eine Automatisierung
leicht möglich ist und damit eine entsprechende Geschwindig¬ keitssteigerung bei der Herstellung von Bildaufnahmen.The frequency spectrum of the radiation can be switched alternately between the areas of fluorescence excitation and fluorescence emission in order to increase the contrast in the vicinity of the fluorescent agent forming the fluorescence sources during successive image recordings. With the aid of such a switchover, it is possible to form a difference between successive image recordings by weighting an image recording produced in the area of fluorescence excitation, for example in the blue, and subtracting it from an image recording produced under fluorescence emission, for example in green / yellow. The difference image is a representation of increased contrast. Such an image subtraction can be carried out in a simple manner by means of devices for intermediate image storage when using video systems, with automation is easily possible and thus a corresponding increase in speed in the production of image recordings.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Bester Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest way to carry out the invention
In der Figur wird die Erfindung anhand eines Blockschalt¬ bildes erläutert. Als Impulsstrahlungsquelle 10 ist eine Elitz- quelle vorhanden, die beispielsweise kohärentes Licht aus¬ strahlt, wenn sie ein Laser ist, oder inkohärentes Licht, wenn sie eine Funkenblitzquelle ist. Außerdem ist eine Kamera 11 zur Bildaufnahme vorhanden, wobei diese Kamera 11 beispielsweise eine Filmkamera ist. Deren Tätigkeit hängt von der Betätigung der Impulsstrahlungsquelle 10 mittels eines Auslöseimpulses 13 ab. In diesem Fall gibt die Impulsstrahlungsquelle 10 ein Sig¬ nal an die Synchronisation 12, die die Öffnung des Verschlusses der Kamera 11 einleitet. Die Synchronisation erfolgt so, daß die Impulsbestrahlung des zu untersuchenden Gefäßes, welches hier nicht dargestellt ist, ausschließlich während der der Bildaufnahme dienenden Zeit erfolgt, so daß die Kamera 11 das von dem Organ reflektierte bzw. aufgrund der Fluoreszenzanre¬ gung des Fluoreszenzmittels ausgestrahlte Licht aufnehmen kann.In the figure, the invention is explained on the basis of a block diagram. An Elitz source is present as the pulse radiation source 10, which emits, for example, coherent light if it is a laser, or incoherent light if it is a spark flash source. There is also a camera 11 for image recording, this camera 11 being, for example, a film camera. Their activity depends on the actuation of the pulse radiation source 10 by means of a trigger pulse 13. In this case, the pulse radiation source 10 sends a signal to the synchronization 12, which initiates the opening of the shutter of the camera 11. The synchronization takes place in such a way that the pulse radiation of the vessel to be examined, which is not shown here, takes place exclusively during the time serving for image acquisition, so that the camera 11 records the light reflected by the organ or emitted due to the fluorescence excitation of the fluorescent agent can.
Die Synchronisation 12 vermag es auch, das Frequenzspek¬ trum bei aufeinanderfolgenden Bildaufnahmen zwischen den Berei¬ chen der Fluoreszenzanregung und der Fluoreszenzemission umzu¬ schalten, indem in dem Strahlengang der Bestrahlung bzw. der Beleuchtung ein Filterwechsel veranlaßt wird, z.B. mittels ei¬ nes Filterrades, welches ebenfalls nicht dargestellt ist.
Außerdem ist in der Figur noch eine Vorrichtung 13 zur Aufzeichnung dargestellt, nämlich zur Videoaufzeichnung. Auch dabei wird die Videokamera von 13 in ihrer Funktion mit der Synchronisation 12 auf die Impulsstrahlungsquelle 10 abge¬ stimmt.The synchronization 12 is also able to switch the frequency spectrum in the case of successive image recordings between the areas of fluorescence excitation and fluorescence emission by causing a filter change in the beam path of the irradiation or illumination, for example by means of a filter wheel. which is also not shown. In addition, a device 13 for recording is shown in the figure, namely for video recording. Here too, the function of the video camera of 13 is coordinated with the synchronization 12 to the pulse radiation source 10.
Außerdem ist noch ein Monitor 14 vorhanden, auf dem der AufZeichnungsvorgang laufend überwacht werden kann, so daß so¬ fortige Eingriffsmöglichkeit durch die das Verfahren durchfüh¬ rende Person gegeben ist.There is also a monitor 14 on which the recording process can be monitored continuously, so that the person carrying out the method can intervene immediately.
Gewerbliche VerwertbαrkeitCommercial recyclability
Durch Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung läßt sich die Angiographie mit verringerter Strahlungsenergie herstellen.
By using the device according to the invention, angiography can be produced with reduced radiation energy.
Claims
1. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Angiografie, insbesondere Fluoreszenzangiografie, mit einer eine anregungswirksame Bestrahlung eines vorzugsweise mit Fluoreszenzmittel ver¬ sorgten Gefäßes bewirkenden Strahlungsquelle, und mit ei¬ ner fotografischen Filmkamera, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß als Strahlungsquelle eine Im¬ pulsstrahlungsquelle (10) und als Filmkamera (11) eine Vi¬ deokamera vorhanden ist, und daß die Impulsbestrahlung bei voller Verschlußöffnung der Kamera auslösbar ist.1. Device for producing an angiography, in particular fluorescence angiography, with a radiation source effecting excitation radiation of a vessel preferably supplied with fluorescent agent, and with a photographic film camera, characterized in that a pulse radiation source (10) and a video camera is provided as a film camera (11) and that the pulse radiation can be triggered when the camera is fully closed.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n ¬ z e i c h n e t, daß die Impulsbestrahlung während des Bildrücklaufs der Videokamera auslösbar ist.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n ¬ z e i c h n e t that the pulse radiation can be triggered during the rewind of the video camera.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Impulsstrahlungsquelle (10) inkohärentes Licht ausstrahlt.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t that the pulse radiation source (10) emits incoherent light.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n ¬ z e i c h n e t, daß die Impulsstrahlungsquelle (10) eine Funkenblitzquelle ist.4. Apparatus according to claim 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n ¬ z e i c h n e t that the pulse radiation source (10) is a spark flash source.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß als Impulsstrahlungsquelle5. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t that as a pulse radiation source
(10) ein im Impulsbetrieb betriebener Laser vorhanden ist.(10) a laser operated in pulse mode is present.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß eine stroboskopartig mit einstellbaren Strahlungsparametern ar¬ beitende Impulsstrahlungsquelle (10) vorhanden ist. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Frequenzspektrum der Strahlung zur Erhöhung des Kontrasts in der Umgebung des Fluoreszenzquellen bildenden Fluores¬ zenzmittels bei aufeinanderfolgenden Bildaufnahmen abwech¬ selnd zwischen den Bereichen der Fluoreszenzanregung und der Fluoreszenzemission umschaltbar ist. 6. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a stroboscopic working with adjustable radiation parameters ar¬ working pulse radiation source (10) is present. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the frequency spectrum of the radiation can be alternately switched between the areas of fluorescence excitation and fluorescence emission in order to increase the contrast in the vicinity of the fluorescent agent forming fluorescence sources in the case of successive image recordings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP3807486.9 | 1988-03-08 | ||
DE3807486 | 1988-03-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1989008427A1 true WO1989008427A1 (en) | 1989-09-21 |
Family
ID=6349102
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1989/000130 WO1989008427A1 (en) | 1988-03-08 | 1989-03-03 | Device for producing an angiogram |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0404785A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989008427A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4161944A (en) * | 1976-09-17 | 1979-07-24 | Muckerheide Myron C | Laser system and method and laser amplifier for use therewith |
DE3131651A1 (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-05-27 | General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. | Arrangement for subtracting X-ray images |
FR2498442A1 (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-07-30 | Gen Electric | RADIOSCOPY METHOD AND APPARATUS |
EP0088609A1 (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1983-09-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Diagnostic X-ray apparatus |
-
1989
- 1989-03-03 WO PCT/DE1989/000130 patent/WO1989008427A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-03-03 EP EP19890902929 patent/EP0404785A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4161944A (en) * | 1976-09-17 | 1979-07-24 | Muckerheide Myron C | Laser system and method and laser amplifier for use therewith |
DE3131651A1 (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-05-27 | General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. | Arrangement for subtracting X-ray images |
FR2498442A1 (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-07-30 | Gen Electric | RADIOSCOPY METHOD AND APPARATUS |
EP0088609A1 (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1983-09-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Diagnostic X-ray apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0404785A1 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
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