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WO1989002707A1 - Process and installation for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice - Google Patents

Process and installation for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989002707A1
WO1989002707A1 PCT/CH1988/000167 CH8800167W WO8902707A1 WO 1989002707 A1 WO1989002707 A1 WO 1989002707A1 CH 8800167 W CH8800167 W CH 8800167W WO 8902707 A1 WO8902707 A1 WO 8902707A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fining agent
raw juice
fining
plant
ultra
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1988/000167
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Walter Gresch
Original Assignee
Bucher-Guyer Ag Maschinenfabrik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bucher-Guyer Ag Maschinenfabrik filed Critical Bucher-Guyer Ag Maschinenfabrik
Publication of WO1989002707A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989002707A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
    • A23L2/72—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration
    • A23L2/74—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration using membranes, e.g. osmosis, ultrafiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
    • B01D36/04—Combinations of filters with settling tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/147—Microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/16—Feed pretreatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
    • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
    • C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
    • C12H1/04—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice from fruit, grapes, berries or other fruits and vegetables or wine, by means of cross-flow filtration and pre-finishing.
  • the pretreatment of juices by adding fining agents With the pretreatment of juices by adding fining agents, the subsequent sediment separation is to be facilitated and all substances causing opacification are removed so far that subsequent opacification no longer occurs at a later point in time.
  • the pretreatment is intended to improve the sensory properties of the juice and possibly also color fading.
  • gelatin is added to the raw juice as a fining agent before it is introduced into the batch tank of a crossflow filtration system for clarification.
  • Gelatin is used as a fining agent in order to selectively bind at least partially the polyphenols contained in the raw juice and to improve the filtration properties.
  • bentonite in combination with gelatin to the raw juice as a further fining agent. Ben ⁇ tonit has the property of binding the protein molecules contained in the raw juice which cause night turbidity.
  • Another known fining process consists in that the raw juice bentonite and gelatin in one Mixing nozzle arranged in the flow of raw juice are supplied. Then the fining block in the line and in the subsequent flotation tank flocculates. In the flotation tank, the fining slurry is removed by means of flotation instead of conventional sedimentation. N2 or air is used as the flotation gas.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages mentioned and reducing the amounts of fining agents added, in order thereby to increase the profitability of the system and to improve the quality of the product.
  • the raw juice is first mixed in a continuous process with at least one first fining agent and after a dwell time with at least one further fining agent and then clarified by means of ultra or microfiltration.
  • the first fining agent consists of a polyphenol binding agent such as gelatin, egg white, casein or potassium caseinate. High-bloom gelatin with at least 160 bloom is preferably used.
  • the residence time after the addition of the first fining agent is at least 5 minutes.
  • the second fining agent consists of a protein-binding or protein-stabilizing agent such as bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite in order to remove fragments of protein which are in the raw juice mixed with the first fining agent and cause subsequent clouding.
  • a protein-binding or protein-stabilizing agent such as bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite in order to remove fragments of protein which are in the raw juice mixed with the first fining agent and cause subsequent clouding.
  • first and second fining agents are metered in continuously and selectively at one point in each case into the feed stream of the raw juice.
  • the raw juice pre-embellished according to the method is introduced into a batch tank for further reaction prior to ultra- or microfiltration.
  • the system for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that the raw juice is mixed with the first fining agent in a mixing nozzle or a feed pump and is fed via a line to one or more holding tanks to which a further mixing nozzle or a feed pump for add the second fining agent closes, and then the pre-treated raw juice is fed to an ultra or microfiltration device.
  • the degree of slenderness of the holding tanks advantageously corresponds to a ratio of length to diameter which is greater than 4.
  • the pre-finishing system consisting of the first mixing nozzle, the dwell tanks and the second mixing nozzle is connected upstream of the batch tank of the ultra or microfiltration device.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the juice pre-cleaned and clarified according to the method is to a high degree stable against turbidity. It has been found that the consumption of fining agents is very low. Above all, only a small addition of bentonite is required. As a result, the achievable concentration factor, which is reduced by the bentonite, is reduced only very slightly, so that the yield is improved in comparison with the conventional methods, which require relatively high additions of bentonite. Since bentonite forms a gel layer on the membranes of the ultra or microfiltration system, a higher membrane flux is also achieved by reducing the addition of bentonite.
  • the additional apparatus for the ultra or microfiltration device required for the pretreatment according to the invention is relatively simple and enables continuous operation.
  • the invention is in the following. Description and the only drawing that illustrates an embodiment, explained in more detail.
  • the raw juice is introduced into a mixing nozzle 2 with a feed line 1.
  • the first fining agent which consists of a gelatin solution, is continuously metered into the raw juice in the mixing nozzle 2 via a line 3.
  • gelatin it is also possible to use other fining agents which bind polyphenols, such as, for example, protein, casein, potassium caseinate.
  • the mixing nozzle 2 can consist, for example, of a static mixer or an injector nozzle. There is high turbulence in the narrow flow cross section of the injector mixing nozzle 2, which ensures good mixing of the raw juice with the fining agent.
  • the raw juice mixed with gelatin is fed via a line 4 to a retention tank 5 on its underside.
  • the dwell tank 5 is followed by two further dwell tanks 5, a line 6 leading from the upper end of the previous dwell tank 5 to the lower end of the next dwell tank 5.
  • the retention tanks 5 are relatively slim.
  • the degree of slenderness preferably corresponds to a ratio of length to diameter which is greater than 4.
  • the raw juice is the second fining agent via a line 8 punctually and continuously supplied, which consists of bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite. Other, protein-binding or protein-stabilizing fining agents can also be used.
  • the pre-embellished raw juice is then introduced from the mixing nozzle 7 via a line 9 to a batch tank 10 of an ultra or microfiltration device 11. A further reaction of the raw juice with the fining agents takes place in the batch tank 10 and in the ultra or micro filtration system 11. Subsequently, the liquid is circulated with the aid of a circulation pump 12 in a retentate-sensitive circuit 13 of the ultra or microfiltration device 11 and leaves the permeate side as a cloudy stable clear juice through a line 14.
  • the retentate is returned to the batch tank 10 through line 15. Because of their particle size, the fining agents cannot pass through the membranes of ultra- or microfiltration 11 and therefore remain effective on the retentate side. As a result of the continuous passage of the raw juice through the pretreatment system consisting of the mixing nozzle 2, the dwell tanks 5 and the mixing nozzle 7, continuous or semi-continuous operation of the system is possible in a simple manner.
  • the complexes formed by beauty agents and juice components should be conveyed to the ultra or microfiltration device by means of a pump working on the displacement principle, for example by a mono or sine pump.
  • Another possible measure to favor the stability of the clarified juice is achieved by arranging a device that consists of a ccsn batch tank 10 Tr b constantly removed and thus also Schönungstrub.
  • Tr b ccsn batch tank 10
  • centrifuge which is switched analogously to the second cross-flow membrane filtration system, i.e. which retentate is fed from the batch tank 10 and the liquid at least partially freed from Tr b is fed back into the batch tank 10.
  • the amount of the first fining agent (s), e.g. Gelatin in line 3 is expediently regulated depending on the effect of fining.
  • further fining agent doses e.g. Bentonite through line 8 determine and regulate.
  • the effect of fining can be e.g. by means of a filtration 19, preferably determine the sample stream in the line 18 and a subsequent turbidity measurement within the control device 16.
  • the addition of bentonite via line 8 can e.g. determine with a simple computer within the control device 17.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

In the process described, the liquid to be clarified, in particular raw juice, is mixed in a mixing nozzle (2) with at least a first clarifying additive, for example gelatin, and decanted for 5 to 15 minutes in one or several settling tanks (5). The raw juice is delivered to a second mixing nozzle (7) connected to the settling tank(s) (5). The decanted juice is then introduced into an ultrafiltration or microfiltration installation (11) or into a batch tank (10) upstream of the filtration installation, where it is clarified. The decantation and clarification of the raw juice permit a substantial reduction in the quantities of additives used and a higher yield.

Description

Verfahren zur Klärung von Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Rohsaft, sowie Anlage zur Durchführung des VerfahrensProcess for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice, and system for carrying out the process
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Klärung von Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere Rohsaft aus Obst, Trauben, Beeren oder anderen Früchten und Gemüsen oder Wein, mittels Querstromfiltration und Vorschönung.The invention relates to a method for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice from fruit, grapes, berries or other fruits and vegetables or wine, by means of cross-flow filtration and pre-finishing.
Mit der Vorschönung von Säften durch Zugabe von Schö- nungsmitteln soll die nachfolgende Trubseparation er¬ leichtert werden und alle Trübungen verursachenden Sub¬ stanzen so weit entfernt werden, dass Nachtrübungen zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt nicht mehr auftreten. Aus- serdem soll durch die Vorschönung eine Verbesserung der sensorischen Eigenschaften des Saftes und eventuell auch Farbauf ellungen erreicht werden.With the pretreatment of juices by adding fining agents, the subsequent sediment separation is to be facilitated and all substances causing opacification are removed so far that subsequent opacification no longer occurs at a later point in time. In addition, the pretreatment is intended to improve the sensory properties of the juice and possibly also color fading.
Bei einem bekannten Vorschönungsverfahren wird dem Roh¬ saft Gelatine als Schönungsmittel zugegeben, bevor er in den Batch-Tank einer Querstromfiltrationsanlage zur Klärung eingeleitet wird. Gelatine wird als Schönungs¬ mittel verwendet, um die im Rohsaft enthaltenen Poly- phenole selektiv mindestens teilweise zu binden und die Filtrationseigenschaften zu verbessern. Ferner ist es bekannt, als weiteres Schönungsmittel Bentonit in Kombination mit Gelatine dem Rohsaft beizugeben. Ben¬ tonit hat die Eigenschaft, die im Rohsaft enthaltenen, Nachtrübungen verursachenden Eiweiss-Moleküle zu bin¬ den.In a known pre-finishing process, gelatin is added to the raw juice as a fining agent before it is introduced into the batch tank of a crossflow filtration system for clarification. Gelatin is used as a fining agent in order to selectively bind at least partially the polyphenols contained in the raw juice and to improve the filtration properties. It is also known to add bentonite in combination with gelatin to the raw juice as a further fining agent. Ben¬ tonit has the property of binding the protein molecules contained in the raw juice which cause night turbidity.
Ein weiteres, bekanntes Schönungsverfahren besteht dar¬ in, dass dem Rohsaft Bentonit und Gelatine in einer im Förderstrom des Rohsaftes angeordneten Mischdüse zugeführt werden. Darauf flockt der Schönungstrub in der Leitung und im nachfolgenden Flotationstank aus. Im Flotationstank wird der Schönungstrub anstelle des konventionellen Sedimentierens mittels Flotation ent¬ fernt. Als Flotationsgas wird N2 oder Luft verwendet.Another known fining process consists in that the raw juice bentonite and gelatin in one Mixing nozzle arranged in the flow of raw juice are supplied. Then the fining block in the line and in the subsequent flotation tank flocculates. In the flotation tank, the fining slurry is removed by means of flotation instead of conventional sedimentation. N2 or air is used as the flotation gas.
Diese bekannten Schönungsverfahren haben den Nachteil, dass der Kostenaufwand' durch die erforderlichen, hohen Schönungsmittel-Zugaben sehr hoch ist. Bei kombinierter Gelatine-Bentonit-Schönung ist auch der Investitions¬ und Arbeitsaufwand so hoch, dass die Rentabilität des nachfolgenden Querstromverfahrens fraglich wird. Aus- serdem besteht immer noch Unsicherheit bezüglich even¬ tueller Nachtrübungen. Hinzu kommen Entsorgungsprobleme für das Retentat wegen der zu hohen Bentonitmengen. Auf¬ grund des hochen Schönungstrubgehalts wird auch die Ausbeute in der Querstromfiltrationsanlage vermindert. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass die Retentat-Kanäle in den Modulen der Querstromfiltrationsanlage verstopfen. We¬ gen zu hohem Bentonit-Gehalt ergibt sich auch ein ver¬ minderter Flux in den Membranen und die Gefahr von ir¬ reversiblen Verstopfungen der Membranen in der Querstrom- filtrationsanlage.These known Schönungsverfahren have the disadvantage that the cost 'by the required high fining agent additions is very high. In the case of combined gelatin-bentonite fining, the investment and work involved are so high that the profitability of the subsequent crossflow process becomes questionable. In addition, there is still uncertainty regarding possible night haze. There are also disposal problems for the retentate due to the excessive amounts of bentonite. Due to the high fining content, the yield in the crossflow filtration system is also reduced. There is a risk that the retentate channels in the modules of the crossflow filtration system become blocked. Because of the high bentonite content, there is also a reduced flux in the membranes and the risk of irreversible blockages of the membranes in the crossflow filtration system.
Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, die genannten Nachteile zu vermeiden und die Zugabemengen von Schönungsmitteln zu verringern, um dadurch die Ren¬ tabilität der Anlage zu erhöhen und die Qualität des Produkts zu verbessern.The invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages mentioned and reducing the amounts of fining agents added, in order thereby to increase the profitability of the system and to improve the quality of the product.
Gemäss der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass der Rohsaft im Durchlaufverfahren zunächst mit wenigstens einem ersten Schönungsmittel und nach ei¬ ner Verweilzeit mit mindestens einem weiteren Schönungs¬ mittel vermischt wird und anschliessend mittels Ultra¬ oder Mikrofiltration geklärt wird. Um den Gehalt an phenolischen Substanzen im Rohsaft zu reduzieren, besteht das erste Schönungsmittel aus einem Polyphenole bindenden Mittel wie Gelatine, Ei- weiss, Kasein oder Kaliumkaseinat. Vorzugsweise wird hochbloomige Gelatine mit mindestens 160 Bloom verwen¬ det.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the raw juice is first mixed in a continuous process with at least one first fining agent and after a dwell time with at least one further fining agent and then clarified by means of ultra or microfiltration. To reduce the content of phenolic substances in the raw juice, the first fining agent consists of a polyphenol binding agent such as gelatin, egg white, casein or potassium caseinate. High-bloom gelatin with at least 160 bloom is preferably used.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung beträgt die Verweilzeit nach der Zugabe des ersten Schönungsmit- tels mindestens 5 Minuten.According to a further feature of the invention, the residence time after the addition of the first fining agent is at least 5 minutes.
Zur Entfernung von Eiweissbruchstücken, die sich in dem mit dem ersten Schönungsmittel vermischten Rohsaft befinden und Nachtrübungen verursachen, besteht das zweite Schönungsmittel aus einem eiweissbindendem bzw. eiweissstabilisierenden Mittel wie Bentonit, Natrium- bentonit oder Mischbentonit.The second fining agent consists of a protein-binding or protein-stabilizing agent such as bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite in order to remove fragments of protein which are in the raw juice mixed with the first fining agent and cause subsequent clouding.
Ein weiteres Merkmal der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Zudosierung des ersten und des zweiten Schönungs- mittels kontinuierlich und punktuell an jeweils einer Stelle in den Förderstrom des Rohsaftes erfolgt.Another feature of the invention is that the first and second fining agents are metered in continuously and selectively at one point in each case into the feed stream of the raw juice.
In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird der gemäss dem Verfahren vorgeschönte Rohsaft vor der Ultra- oder Mikrofiltration zur weiteren Reaktion in einen Batch-Tank eingebracht.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the raw juice pre-embellished according to the method is introduced into a batch tank for further reaction prior to ultra- or microfiltration.
Die Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Ver¬ fahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohsaft in einer Mischdüse oder einer Förderpumpe mit dem ers¬ ten Schönungsmittel vermischt und über eine Leitung einem oder mehreren Verweiltanks zugeführt wird, an die sich eine weitere Mischdüse oder einer Förderpumpe für die Zudosierung des zweiten Schönungsmittels an- schliesst, und danach der vorgeschönte Rohsaft einer Ultra- oder Mikrofiltrationseinrichtung zugeführt wird.The system for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that the raw juice is mixed with the first fining agent in a mixing nozzle or a feed pump and is fed via a line to one or more holding tanks to which a further mixing nozzle or a feed pump for add the second fining agent closes, and then the pre-treated raw juice is fed to an ultra or microfiltration device.
Vorteilhafterweise entspricht der Schlankheitsgrad der Verweiltanks einem Verhältnis von Länge zu Durchmesser, das grösser ist als 4.The degree of slenderness of the holding tanks advantageously corresponds to a ratio of length to diameter which is greater than 4.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist die aus der ersten Mischdüse, den Verweiltanks und der zweiten Mischdüse bestehende Vorschönungsanlage dem Batch-Tank der Ultra- oder Mikrofiltrationseinrichtung vorgeschal¬ tet.In one embodiment of the invention, the pre-finishing system consisting of the first mixing nozzle, the dwell tanks and the second mixing nozzle is connected upstream of the batch tank of the ultra or microfiltration device.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen ins¬ besondere darin, dass der gemäss dem Verfahren vorge¬ schönte und geklärte Saft in hohem Masse trubstabil ist. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass der Verbrauch an Schönungsmittel sehr gering ist. Vor allem ist nur noch eine geringe Bentonit-Zugabe erforderlich. Dadurch wird der erzielbare Konzentrationsfaktor, der durch das Bentonit reduziert wird, nur sehr wenig verringert, so dass die Ausbeute im Vergleich mit den konventionel¬ len Verfahren, die relativ hohe Bentonit-Zugaben erfor¬ dern, verbessert wird. Da Bentonit eine Gelschicht auf den Membranen der Ultra- oder Mikrofiltrationsanlage bildet, wird durch die Verringerung der Bentonit-Zugabe auch ein höherer Membran-Flux erzielt. Durch den gerin¬ gen Bentonit-Gehalt im Retentat der Ultra- oder Mikro¬ filtrationseinrichtung treten keine Probleme mehr auf bei der Entsorgung des Retentats. Die für die erfindungs- gemässe Vorschönung erforderliche zusätzlich Apparatur zur Ultra- oder Mikrofiltrationseinrichtung ist relativ einfach und ermöglicht eine kontinuierliche Arbeitsweise.The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the juice pre-cleaned and clarified according to the method is to a high degree stable against turbidity. It has been found that the consumption of fining agents is very low. Above all, only a small addition of bentonite is required. As a result, the achievable concentration factor, which is reduced by the bentonite, is reduced only very slightly, so that the yield is improved in comparison with the conventional methods, which require relatively high additions of bentonite. Since bentonite forms a gel layer on the membranes of the ultra or microfiltration system, a higher membrane flux is also achieved by reducing the addition of bentonite. Due to the low bentonite content in the retentate of the ultrafiltration or microfiltration device, there are no longer any problems when disposing of the retentate. The additional apparatus for the ultra or microfiltration device required for the pretreatment according to the invention is relatively simple and enables continuous operation.
Die Erfindung ist in der folgenden. Beschreibung und der einzigen Zeichnung, die ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellt, näher erläutert. Mit einer Zuführleitung 1 wird der Rohsaft in eine Misch¬ düse 2 eingeleitet. In der Mischdüse 2 wird über eine Leitung 3 dem Rohsaft das erste Schönungsmittel, das aus einer Gelatine-Lösung besteht, kontinuierlich zu¬ dosiert. Anstelle von Gelatine können auch andere, Po- lyphenole bindende Schönungsmittel, wie z.B. Einweiss, Kasein, Kaliumkaseinat, verwendet werden. Die Mischdüse 2 kann z.B. aus einem statischen Mischer oder einer Injektordüse bestehen. In dem verengten Durchlaufguer- schnitt der Injektor-Mischdüse 2 herrschen hohe Turbu¬ lenzen, die eine gute Durchmischung des Rohsaftes mit dem Schönungsmittel gewährleisten.The invention is in the following. Description and the only drawing that illustrates an embodiment, explained in more detail. The raw juice is introduced into a mixing nozzle 2 with a feed line 1. The first fining agent, which consists of a gelatin solution, is continuously metered into the raw juice in the mixing nozzle 2 via a line 3. Instead of gelatin, it is also possible to use other fining agents which bind polyphenols, such as, for example, protein, casein, potassium caseinate. The mixing nozzle 2 can consist, for example, of a static mixer or an injector nozzle. There is high turbulence in the narrow flow cross section of the injector mixing nozzle 2, which ensures good mixing of the raw juice with the fining agent.
Von der Mischdüse 2 wird der mit Gelatine vermischte Rohsaft über eine Leitung 4 einem Verweiltank 5 an sei¬ ner Unterseite zugeführt. Dem Verweiltank 5 sind noch zwei weitere Verweiltanks 5 nachgeschaltet, wobei je¬ weils eine Leitung 6 vom oberen Ende des vorhergehenden Verweiltanks 5 zum unteren Ende des nächsten Verweil¬ tanks 5 führt. Die Verweiltanks 5 sind relativ schlank gebaut. Der Schlankheitgrad entspricht vorzugsweise einem Verhältnis von Länge zu Durchmesser, das grösser als 4 ist. Anschliessend an die Verweiltanks 5, in denen der Rohsaft mit dem ersten Schonugnsmittel während einer Verweilzeit von ca. 5 bis 15 Minuten reagieren kann, durchläuft der vorgeschδnte Rohsaft eine weitere Misch¬ düse 7. An dieser Stelle wird dem Rohsaft das zweite Schönungsmittel über eine Leitung 8 punktuell und kon¬ tinuierlich zugeführt, das aus Bentonit, Natriumbento- nit oder Mischbentonit besteht. Es können auch andere, eiweissbindende bzw. eiweissstabilisierende Schönungs¬ mittel verwendet werden. Der vorgeschönte Rohsaft wird anschliessend von der Mischdüse 7 über eine Leitung 9 einen Batch-Tank 10 einer Ultra- oder Mikrofiltrationseinrichtung 11 ein¬ geleitet. Im Batch-Tank 10 und in der Ultra- oder Mi- krofiltrationsanlage 11 findet eine weitere Reaktion des Rohsaftes mit den Schönungsmitteln statt. Anschlies¬ send wird die Flüssigkeit mit Hilfe einer Kreislaufpum¬ pe 12 in einem retentatseiytigen Kreislauf 13 der Ultra¬ oder Mikrofiltrationseinrichtung 11 umgewälzt und ver- lässt durch eine Leitung 14 die Permeatseite als trub- stabiler Klarsaft. Die Rückführung des Retentates in den Batch-Tank 10 erfolgt durch die Leitung 15. Die Schönungsmittel können wegen ihrer Teilchengrösse nicht durch die Membranen der Ultra- oder Mikrofiltration 11 hindurchtreten und verbleiben deshalb auf der Re- tentatseite weiterhin wirksam. Infolge des ständigen Durchlaufes des Rohsaftes durch die aus der Mischdüse 2, den Verweiltanks 5 und der Mischdüse 7 bestehende Vorschönungsanlage ist ein kontinuierlicher oder semi¬ kontinuierlicher Betrieb der Anlage auf einfache Art und Weise möglich.From the mixing nozzle 2, the raw juice mixed with gelatin is fed via a line 4 to a retention tank 5 on its underside. The dwell tank 5 is followed by two further dwell tanks 5, a line 6 leading from the upper end of the previous dwell tank 5 to the lower end of the next dwell tank 5. The retention tanks 5 are relatively slim. The degree of slenderness preferably corresponds to a ratio of length to diameter which is greater than 4. Following the dwell tanks 5, in which the raw juice can react with the first preservative for a dwell time of about 5 to 15 minutes, the pre-dried raw juice passes through a further mixing nozzle 7. At this point, the raw juice is the second fining agent via a line 8 punctually and continuously supplied, which consists of bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite. Other, protein-binding or protein-stabilizing fining agents can also be used. The pre-embellished raw juice is then introduced from the mixing nozzle 7 via a line 9 to a batch tank 10 of an ultra or microfiltration device 11. A further reaction of the raw juice with the fining agents takes place in the batch tank 10 and in the ultra or micro filtration system 11. Subsequently, the liquid is circulated with the aid of a circulation pump 12 in a retentate-sensitive circuit 13 of the ultra or microfiltration device 11 and leaves the permeate side as a cloudy stable clear juice through a line 14. The retentate is returned to the batch tank 10 through line 15. Because of their particle size, the fining agents cannot pass through the membranes of ultra- or microfiltration 11 and therefore remain effective on the retentate side. As a result of the continuous passage of the raw juice through the pretreatment system consisting of the mixing nozzle 2, the dwell tanks 5 and the mixing nozzle 7, continuous or semi-continuous operation of the system is possible in a simple manner.
Um ein Zerschlagen durch Scherkräfte und hohe Turbu¬ lenzen einer Pumpe zu vermeiden, sollten die durch Schö¬ nungsmittel und Saftkomponenten gebildeten Komplexe mittels einer auf dem Verdrängerprinzip arbeitenden Pumpe zur Ultra- oder Mikrofiltrationseinrichtung ge¬ fördert werden, beispielsweise durch eine Mono- oder Sinuspumpe.In order to avoid shattering due to shear forces and high turbulence of a pump, the complexes formed by beauty agents and juice components should be conveyed to the ultra or microfiltration device by means of a pump working on the displacement principle, for example by a mono or sine pump.
Die Sicherheit hinsichtlich Stabilität des mit der vor¬ liegenden Anlage geklärten Saftes wird dadurch zusätz¬ lich verbessert.The security with regard to the stability of the juice clarified with the present system is thereby additionally improved.
Eine weitere mögliche Massnahme zur Begünstigung der Stabilität des geklärten Saftes, wird in der Anordnung einer Einrichtung erzielt, die aus ccsn Batch-Tank 10 ständig Tr b und damit auch Schönungstrub entfernt. Als Einrichtung eignet sich dafür besonders gut eine zweite, zweckmässigerweise wesentlich kleinere Querstrom-Mem- branfiltrations-Anlage, ausgerüstet mit Mikro- oder Grobfiltrationsmembranen, welche mit Retentat aus dem Batch-Tank 10 gefahren wird, wobei das Permeat wieder in den Batch-Tank 10 zurückgeführt wird.Another possible measure to favor the stability of the clarified juice is achieved by arranging a device that consists of a ccsn batch tank 10 Tr b constantly removed and thus also Schönungstrub. A second, expediently much smaller cross-flow membrane filtration system, equipped with micro- or coarse filtration membranes, which is carried out with retentate from the batch tank 10, the permeate being returned to the batch tank 10, is particularly well suited for this purpose is returned.
Eine Alternative ist die Zentrifuge, die analog der zweiten Querstrom-Membranfiltration-Anlage geschaltet wird, d.h. welcher Retentat aus dem Batch-Tank 10 zu¬ geführt und die von Tr b wenigstens teilweise befreite Flüssigkeit wieder in den Batch-Tank 10 zurückgeführt wird.An alternative is the centrifuge, which is switched analogously to the second cross-flow membrane filtration system, i.e. which retentate is fed from the batch tank 10 and the liquid at least partially freed from Tr b is fed back into the batch tank 10.
Um den Betrieb der Anlage zu vereinfachen und gleich¬ zeitig den Schönungsmittelbedarf zu minimieren, wird die Menge den bzw. der ersten Schönungsmittel, z.B. Gelatine in der Leitung 3 zweckmässigerweise in Abhängigkeit von der Wirkung der Schönung geregelt.In order to simplify the operation of the system and at the same time to minimize the need for fining agents, the amount of the first fining agent (s), e.g. Gelatin in line 3 is expediently regulated depending on the effect of fining.
In Abhängigkeit der Wirkung der ersten Schönungsmittel- Dosierung lassen sich auch noch weitere Schönungsmittel- Dosierungen, z.B. Bentonit durch die Leitung 8, bestim¬ men und regeln.Depending on the effect of the first fining agent dosage, further fining agent doses, e.g. Bentonite through line 8, determine and regulate.
Bei Veryendung von z.B. Gelatine als erstes Schönungs¬ mittel, lässt sich die Wirkung der Schönung z.B. mit¬ tels einer Filtration 19 der Probestrom vorzugsweise in der Leitung 18 und einer nachfolgenden Trübungsmes¬ sung innerhalb der Regeleinrichtung 16 bestimmen. Die Zugabe von Bentonit mittels der Leitung 8 lässt sich z.B. mit einem einfachen Rechner innerhalb der Regeleinrichtung 17 bestimmen. When ending e.g. Gelatin as the first fining agent, the effect of fining can be e.g. by means of a filtration 19, preferably determine the sample stream in the line 18 and a subsequent turbidity measurement within the control device 16. The addition of bentonite via line 8 can e.g. determine with a simple computer within the control device 17.

Claims

P A T E N T Ä N S P R U E C H E PATENT PROMOTIONS
1. Verfahren zur Klärung von Flüssigkeiten, insbeson¬ dere Rohsaft aus Obst, Trauben, Beeren oder anderen Früchten und Gemüsen oder Wein, mittels Querstrom- filtration und Vorschönung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohsaft im Durchlaufverfahren zunächst mit wenigstens einem ersten Schönungsmittel und nach einer Verweilzeit mit mindestens einem weite¬ ren Schönungsmittel vermischt wird und anschlies¬ send mittels Ultra- oder Mikrofiltration geklärt wird.1. A process for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice from fruit, grapes, berries or other fruits and vegetables or wine, by means of cross-flow filtration and pretreatment, characterized in that the raw juice in a continuous process initially with at least one first fining agent and after one Residence time is mixed with at least one further fining agent and then clarified by means of ultra or microfiltration.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Schönungsmittel aus einem Polyphe- nole bindenden Mittel besteht.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fining agent consists of a polyphenol binding agent.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Schönungsmittel aus Gelatine, Eiweiss, Kasein oder Kaliumkaseinat besteht.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the first fining agent consists of gelatin, protein, casein or potassium caseinate.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gelatine hochbloomig ist und mindestens 160 Bloom aufweist. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the gelatin is highly blooming and has at least 160 bloom.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verweilzeit nach der Zugabe des ersten Schönungsmittels mindestens 5 Minuten beträgt.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the residence time after the addition of the first fining agent is at least 5 minutes.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weitere Schönungsmittel ein eiweissbindendes bzw. eiweissstabilisierendes Mittel ist.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the further fining agent is a protein-binding or protein-stabilizing agent.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weitere Schönungsmittel aus Bentonit, Na- triumbentonit oder Mischbentonit besteht.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the further fining agent consists of bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zudosierung des ersten und des weiteren Schönungsmittels kontinuierlich und punktuel'l an jeweils einer Stelle in den För¬ derstrom des Rohsaftes erfolgt.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the metered addition of the first and the further fining agent continuously and punktuel 'l is made at each one point in the För¬ derstrom of the raw juice.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, dass der vorgeschönte Roh¬ saft vor der Ultra- oder Mikrofiltration in ei¬ nen Batch-Tank eingebracht wird. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pretreated raw juice is introduced into a batch tank prior to ultra- or microfiltration.
10. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach ei¬ nem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, dass der Rohsaft in einer Mischdüse (2) oder einer Förderpumpe mit dem ersten Schönungsmittel vermischt und über eine Leitung (4) einem oder mehreren Verweiltanks (5) zugeführt wird, an die sich eine weitere Mischdüse (7) oder einer Förder¬ pumpe für die Zudosierung des weiteren Schönungs¬ mittels anschliesst und danach der vorgeschönte Rohsaft einer Ultra- oder Mikrofiltrationseinrich¬ tung (11) zugeführt wird.10. Plant for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the raw juice mixed in a mixing nozzle (2) or a feed pump with the first fining agent and via a line (4) one or more holding tanks (5) is supplied, to which a further mixing nozzle (7) or a feed pump for metering in the further fining agent is connected, and then the pre-embellished raw juice is supplied to an ultra or microfiltration device (11).
11. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schlankheitsgrad der Verweiltanks (5) einem Verhältnis von Länge zu Durchmesser ent¬ spricht, der grösser als 4 ist.11. Plant according to claim 10, characterized in that the slenderness of the retention tanks (5) corresponds to a ratio of length to diameter which is greater than 4.
12. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aus den Mischdüsen (2,12. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the mixing nozzles (2,
7) und den Verweiltanks (5) bestehende Vorschö- nungsanlage dem Batch-Tank ("10) der Ultra- oder Mikrofiltrationseinrichtung (11) vorgeschaltet ist.7) and the dwell tanks (5) of the pre-heating system upstream of the batch tank ( " 10) of the ultra or microfiltration device (11).
13. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach ei¬ nem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, dass in den Kreislauf des zwischen dem Batch- Tank 10 und einer Querstrom-Filtrationseinrich¬ tung oder Zentrifuge zirkulierenden Rohsaftes ei¬ ne Verdrängerpumpe geschaltet ist.13. Plant for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that in the cycle of between the batch Tank 10 and a cross-flow filtration device or centrifuge of circulating raw juice is connected to a positive displacement pump.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 und 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dosierung des ersten Schönungsmittels aufgrund der Schonungs- Wirkung erfolgt.14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and 13, characterized in that the dosage of the first fining agent takes place due to the gentle effect.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, dass die Dosierung des ersten Schönungsmit¬ tels aufgrund der Schönungswirkung nach der Ver¬ weilzeit erfolgt.15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the dosage of the first fining agent takes place due to the fining effect after the residence time.
16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 und 15, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dosierung von wei¬ teren Schönungsmitteln in Abhängigkeit von der Wirkung vorheriger Schönungen errechnet und gere¬ gelt wird.16. The method according to any one of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the dosage of further fining agents is calculated and regulated depending on the effect of previous finings.
17. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach einer der Schönungsmitteldosierstellen eine Probeleitung zur Entnahme eines Probestromes vorgesehen ist. 17. Plant for carrying out the method according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that a test line for taking a test current is provided after one of the fining agent metering points.
18. Anlage nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Messung der Schönungswirkung in der Pro¬ beleitung eine Trübungsmesseinrichtung angeordnet ist.18. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that a turbidity measuring device is arranged in the test line for measuring the fining effect.
19. Anlage nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trübungsmesseinrichtung eine Filtrations¬ vorrichtung vorgeschaltet ist. 19. Plant according to claim 18, characterized in that a filtering device is connected upstream of the turbidity measuring device.
PCT/CH1988/000167 1987-09-23 1988-09-22 Process and installation for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice WO1989002707A1 (en)

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CH3668/87-6 1987-09-23
CH366887A CH676910A5 (en) 1987-09-23 1987-09-23

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WO1990014018A1 (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-29 Bucher-Guyer Ag Maschinenfabrik Process and device for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice
WO1991005847A1 (en) * 1989-10-20 1991-05-02 Bucher-Guyer Ag Maschinenfabrik Process for clarifying raw juice and installation for implementing it
EP0464506A1 (en) * 1990-07-04 1992-01-08 BUCHER-GUYER AG Maschinenfabrik Process and apparatus to clarify liquids
EP0351363B1 (en) * 1988-07-15 1994-12-07 Filtrox-Werk AG Filtration process, use of stabilization aids, plant for a filtration process and process for running this plant
EP3890870A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2021-10-13 Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH Device and method for repeatedly modifying the composition of a fluid
US11807839B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2023-11-07 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Plant and process for obtaining clear must from grapes and for vinification

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CN109893902A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-06-18 四川汇宇生物技术有限公司 A kind of gelatin system for separating and purifying

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EP0351363B1 (en) * 1988-07-15 1994-12-07 Filtrox-Werk AG Filtration process, use of stabilization aids, plant for a filtration process and process for running this plant
WO1990014018A1 (en) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-29 Bucher-Guyer Ag Maschinenfabrik Process and device for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice
WO1991005847A1 (en) * 1989-10-20 1991-05-02 Bucher-Guyer Ag Maschinenfabrik Process for clarifying raw juice and installation for implementing it
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US11807839B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2023-11-07 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Plant and process for obtaining clear must from grapes and for vinification
EP3890870A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2021-10-13 Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH Device and method for repeatedly modifying the composition of a fluid

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CH676910A5 (en) 1991-03-28
EP0331699A1 (en) 1989-09-13

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