US814405A - Still. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAR.-6, 1906.

J. H. SMITH.

STILL, APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHBBT 1'.

No. 8l4,405. PATENTED MAR. 6, 1905.

J. E. SMITH.

STILL. APPLICATION FILED JULYZO, 1904.

2 BEEETS- SHEET 2 I N 71.75535 54 mil 7117016;

r1 TTORN/i HS.

UNITED srl'i'grps PATENT oFrI'cE.

J'onn HAMMOND SMlTH, or ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

'STILL.

To whom it may concern:

Be it known that I J OHN HAMMOND Spurn, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Allegheny, in the county of Alle- .gheny and State of Pennsylvania, have in- Y vented certain new and useful Improvements in Stills, ofwhich the following is a-specifrca? tion, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention has relation ,to stills, and has for'its object to provide a still which may be used as a-household-still, the same being constructed in such a way that it may be bracket which is convenient to water and gas I sup ly pipes.

.e still proper consists of a combustionchamber, which is surrounded by a cold and a hot water receptacle, novel means being employed to partially separate the cold water from the 'hot water. Surrounding the cold and hot water receptacle is a condensing-chamber, which is adapted to receive the distilled water and convey'the same therefrom by a suitable pipe. I employ safety means, such as overfiow-pipes and draincocks', the drain-cock being employed to drain all sediment or ingredients foreign to the general operation of the still when it is desired.

In constructing the still I have embodied as simple a construction as possible-to accomplish the desired results, at the same time maintaining a durable and strong construction, which will reduce the expense of'manulecture to a minimum.

The construction employed to accomplish the results enumerated will be hereinafter described,'an(l specifically pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings accompanying this application, Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the still constructed in accordance with m'y nvention, the. said view being taken at right angles to Fig. 6 with the Specification of Letters mat. pplication filed July 20, 1904. Serial No. 217,353-

, drawings.

Latented March 6. mos.

burner removed, a part of the combustionchamber wall. and the bracket-board broken away, and also showing a part of the floor of the combustion-chamber and-a burner-pipe and its insulated covering in section. Fig. 2 .is a sectional view of a portion of the diapliragm employedin my improved still. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the still. Fig. 5 is a like view of another portion there of. Fig. 6 is an enlarged perspective view with the still in vertical section, also showing the support u )on which the still is mounted. Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail sectional view of a part of the still.

In theseveral views of the drawings accompanying this application like numerals of reference indicate like parts, the'reference-nu meral 1 designating a bracketboard upon which my improved still is adapted to be sup ported. This bracketboard may be, dispensed with and the still supported from a Wall or the like, as may be convenient to the user. I

2 indicates a gas-supply pipe, which, as illustrated in F ig.- 6 of the drawings, is sup ported from the bracket-board by lugs 3 3,

formed integral with the elbow 4 of the pipe 2, the lugs 3 3 and the elbow4 substantially constituting a bracket. The pipe 2 extends outwardly and upwardly and has a suitable shut-oil cock 5 at its upper end, the casing of this shuteofi cock having a screw-threaded nipple, (designated by the reference-numeral '6.) Upon this nipple is mounted. a brace .7,

the ends of which are bent upwardly slightly and are adapted to support the still.

8 and 9 indicate, respectively, two pi es that extend outwardly from the brac 'et board or wall-1, these pipes being supported by lugs 10 10, similar to the lugs 3 3 of the pipe 2, the said lugs 10' 10 being carried by brackets having elbows to receive the respective pipes 8 9. The pipe 8 is a water-su ply pipe and carries upon its outex end an e bow l1, and in the vertical po'rtion'of this elbow is 'mounted a screw-threaded sleeve 12, which passes through the brace 7 and through the annular fiangelS of the combustion-chamber Wall, as clearly seen in 6 and 7 of the The pipe 9 (see Fig. 6) is an overflow-pipe, and on the outer end of this pipe is an elbow 14, which carriesa'sleeve l5. This sleeve 15 passes through one end of the brace 7 in the same manner as the sleeve 12, the

still proper being supported by the outer ends of the brsce 7 and hold thereon by said sleeves.

The (:oz'nlmstion-chnn\bor 16 ol' the still is prel'ershly cylindrical in form, the shell 17 Wl l forms the same being; bent outwardly at ll lower edge to form on nnnulor llen r'e 18, whirh in turn has its I'lll'l or outer edge bent upwardly to form an annular vertical flange The annular llange 18, which is at right angles to the lhnige it], is provided with upon turns to receive the sleeves l2 and 15, heretofore described. The sleeve 15 extends upwsrdly and ves us on overl'lowpipo.

flow-pipe, is preferably covered or surrounded with {L sleeve .20 olf some suitshle insulating material, whereby any "ater' that may i throu said overiiow-pipe 15 will. not silcct the i i surroiunhng the exterior of sold ovcrl'l.ow-pi ie.

in the coinh .istion-chninher it} is mounted a circular hydroonrhon-borner .Z l, the burner being; of any construction that is sd'vaunts goons to the general results of the still, and this burner secured upon the scrc '-threucled nipple 6 ol the shut-oil sock 5. This hydrocarbon-burner nnty be'ol any construction that may he found desirable; but for the purpose of illustration I have shown that type in which two circular plates are nceil sport and are i: i'mectcd at their periphery by :1 things which provided with outlet ports 2i. to permit the escape ol tho to the point of ignition. The loi 0 ol the borne-n rests on e vs :2 l which serves as s mixer for the air and gas.

The chamber within the sleeve is in coinniunicstion with the spore between the two plates forming the bu or proper. The sleeve 2i rests at its louver end on the brace 7 and on said lower end is provided with apertures 21" to admit air to the The burner is further sup riorted my n rod 2 extending centrally of the sleeve 21 and is received at its upper end in bushing 2i", provided on the underneath of the top piste oi the burner. At its lowerend this rod 21 is received in a socket 21", threadedonto the nipple 5 and provided with apertures 31- to permitthe gas to escape into the ruining-chamber and pass to the burner 'il'io rod 131 and socket 21 While ussisting in supporting the burner also not as means to secure the hurncr in position.

To carry of? the fumes and gases lron'i the interior oi, the colnhnslion-cl mhsr, i pro-- vide e. 2:102; in the p of SZLlLi clnnnbcr, and fitting down over this line is a vertical pipe 23, which at its upper end supports it conical shell 24, the depending sides 25 of which ex- Lend into the space surroululed by the annular llnnge l9, :1 water seal being lormed be tween the said flange. H) ond tho depending sllitn us will he clearly secn by reference 1:) hing: lw'l, nod-i of tho drawings.

This, sleeve 15, which, as stated, serves as tho over especinlly used to Withdraw Water from l l i snows ;tends some distance above the shell which forms the combustron-chember to a point near the conical-shaped top 24 of the shell 25,

heretofore described. Arranged within said annular casing 26 adyaeentthe upper end thereof, is an annular deflector-plate 27, hav-' ing it control aperture 28 of considerably greater dinnietertlnin the pipe 23, so as to show of a space between the wall of said 0 )ening' 28 and said pipe 23. This deflectorpinte is supported by substantially l shsped hnngsrs 29, (see Fig-1,) the loop portion oi" said hanger restingupon the top 30 of the conmlmstion-chsmber wall and supporting the dellector-plnte withina short distance of the top of casing 26, ".lhe vertical portions or stems of the i -shaped hangers extend dowmvsrdly between the sides oi the C613]:- bustion-chnmber and the casing (see Fig. l) and support upon their lower ends on an nuhir diaphragm 31; this diaphragm hein supported above the overflow-pipe 15 and Within a short distance of the top of the comlnistion-chsmber; but, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings, the said diaphragm consists of a peeking-ring 32, which is supported between two metallic rings 35, these rings being secured together at intervals The packing-ring is adopted to engage the side walls of the coinhustion-clmni ber 17' and the sides of the casing 23%, thereby forming a partition in the annular space which exists between the combustion-elmrnher well and the casing 26, coinrnuniontion bcing' established between the space above and the space below the dinphragm or partition by means of opening 34, formed by cutting away the packing-ring 32. (See Fig, 3.)

A druimeoelr 36 (see Figs. 6 and 7) is con nected to the elbow 11, whereby the space be tween the comhustioil-chamber wall and. the

the still.

37 designates a cock similar to the cock 36 and which connected to the elbow 14, the

sold cool; 1"? being employer ii to drain the overllmv-pipe 15 end the pipe 9 should the some in any "issuer hooorne clogged and is the m orlloW-pipo l5 and from the drain-pipe durll winter, when the water would have a tendency to freeze and burst the pipes. Any excess amount of wsteTwhich may accumulate in the annular space between the combustioncharnher Wall and the casing 26 is removed through the overflow-pipe 15 and is then carried. through the pipe 9 to the ipe 33, (see. Fig. 6,) which pipe 33 exten s upwardly i'rom the elbow carried by the lugs ll) IQ and communicates with n pipe 38, (see Figs. 1

, the pipe 40 placed in the and 6,) and this pipe 238 communicates with a Fi 6,) wl'iich may lead to any ain through winch the overflow urtipe is mounted in the space between the ter shell a-nd the casing 26, the upper end projecting through the conical-shaped top 24 and the lower end extending to a point close to the base of the still.

The reference-numeral (see Fig. l) desnatcs the pipe which is connected to the ..se oi the'still and projects into the space ex-- lg between the casing 26 and the outer icil this pipe being adapted to remove 1e distilled water that accumulates at the 6 60111 of said space, the pipe being made of proper to permit the water and air-to pass readily therethrough. Should it be desired to place the pipe 40 on the opposite side 0; the still from that in which it is shown in l, the plug 41 (see Fig. 1) is removed, aperture vacated by the plug, and the plug placed in the aperture vacated by the pipe -10.

The operation. oi the still and the function oi the above parts just described is as follows. it/ ater is admitted to the still through the pipe 8 after having passed through pipe 42, which latter pipe carries a suitable valve 43. (Clearly shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings.) When the water passes through pipe 8, it passes through sleeve 12 into the annular space between the combustion-chamber and the casing 26,- and this space may be termed a hot and cold water receptacle or chamber.

As the water enters this receptacle or chamber it rises until it reaches the dia lira nr and passes above said diaphragm through the openings 34, heretofore described, the water rising to a level determined by the height oi the pipe (See Fig. 1.) In the n1eantime water is passing through the pipe 15 and is rising in the pipe 33, and when the water reaches a certain level itiwill overflow in the pipe 38 and pass through the drain'p pe a l. (Shown in Fig. 6 ofthe drawings.) When the water issues from this drain-pipe 44, the valve 3-3 is turned until just a sul'licient quantity ol water is passing into the water-receptacle and out through the drain or overflow to condense the steam being generated the water in the receptacle being kept ata constantlevel about midway between the crown-sheet or top 30 of the combustionchambcr and the dei'lector plate 27. (See Fig} The burner 21 is placed in operation by admitting gasthrough the shut-off cock 5, and upon the gas being. ignited the crownsheet or top 30- of the combustion-chamber and the annular shell 17 forming said chain ber'become heated and the water that liesabove the diaphragm will become rapidly 0 supply sterilized air to the still. The said 'ula ted to heated, soon reaching the boiling-point, and the steam rising from. the boiling water passes through the ani'iular opening 28 (see Figsl and 6) of the deflector-plate and passes into the space beneath the conical-shaped top 24 of the shell 25'and is deflected by said top 24. downwardly into the space which exists betweenthe casing 26 and the shell 25. This space is preferably termed, the condensingchamber. Since the cold Water is admitted at the bottom. of the cold and hot Water receptacle or chamber, the sides of the casing 26 below the diaphragm 31 will be in a cooler state than the sides of the same casing that are above-the diaphragm, this diaphragm boing employed to prevent the free circulation o'l the water above the diaphragm and the water beneath the same, but at the same time permit a limited quantity of Water to pass above the diaphragm, where it is boiled and passes. oil as steam into the condensingchamber. I

The opening 34, formed in the packingring 32 of the diaphragm 31, will permit water to pass above the said diaphragm, as above stated, and willto a certain extent di videthe hot and cold water receptacle or chamber whereby the hot water will be. always retained above the diaphra m.

The pipe 15 has been arrangedm the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 6 of the drawings, whereby when an overflow occurs the water below the diaphragm will be removed before the hot water which is above the diaphragm; but alter the still has been placed in operation the valve 43, as heretofore stated, is reggovern the supply-water being admitted to the hot and cold water receptacle or chamber, a suliicient quantity only being admitted to pass into the receptacle and out of the ovprllow to condense all steam generated. i

The lit of pipe 23 over lluc 22 is not snug, but iits loosely over said this, so that the wa ter it rises above the lower end of pipe 23 may enter between saidpipc 23 and flue 22 and form a water seal between the said pipe rates the steam will pass into the condcnsin chamber which sprrounds the hot and cold I IS water receptacle or chamber. -As the steam is carried downwardly'it contacts with the sides ol' the casing 26, and as this casing below the diaphragm 31 is in contact with cold Water the casing below said diaphragm will be cool, and the steam will be condensed and "the distilled water will accumulate in the 'bottom of the space between the shell 25 and'tho casing 26. As the distilled water accumulates in said space it rises to' such height until it. will overflow into the pipe 40, which me, as heretofore stated, is made of a proper size to carry off the water with sterilized air as it accumulates.

Air is supplied. to the still through pipe 3?),

pipe 8.

which pipe acts asa sterilizer, as it extends througi the steam-space at the top of the still, and thus the sterilized air and the distilled water pass off ,throughpipe 40 to gether. The heating of the water has a tend ency to drive the air out of it. Therefore in distilled Water the air is nearly all driven out when the water reaches the vaporized state,

, and no air caxrlfae incorporated into the wa- The draincocks 36 and 37, as herewfore.

stated, are used to cleanse the still when the ate 27, and the diaphra 'm same has become in any manner clogged. The sediment as accumulated in the same and all in redients foreign to the operation of the stil can be removed through these draincocks by flushing the same from the supply- A particular featureof my still to which it is desired to call attention is that by the employment oi the brackets which carry the lugs 10 1.0 a greater convenience in connecting the gas and water service pipes is facilitated. These brackets can be turned to any angle in a plane parallel to the bracket-board, thus permitting the adjustment of the gas and water service pipes. By ex'ierience I have iound that the capacity oi a still with an eight-inch (diameter) eombustion-chamber is about two quarts of distilled water per hour. I preferably construct the still of a heavy sheet copper, which ma be coated. with tin where it contacts with t 1e distilled water.

While I have herein shown a particular form of diaphragm embodying a packingring, it is obvious that I may var the con struction in any manner that wi] permit a limited quantity of water to ass into the boiling-compartment of the still, and other means than the hanger shown may be employed to-support this'diaphragm. I do not desire to limit myself to the especial shape and eonstruction shown in the accompanying drawings, but may change the general arrangement of the supply-pipes of the still without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having full described my invention, what I claim, and (desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- Y A 1. In a water-still, a shell having a flanged lower end and provided with a flue in its top, a casing, surrounding said shell and resting on the flanged lower end of the shell with a space between the casing and the shell, an exterior shell having a first mentione down to lie within the flanged pipe receivin the flue of the shell, and aving its sides projecting I ower en of said interior shell, a diaphragm within the space between the interior shell and the surrounding casing, and having an opening establishing communication between tie space above'and the space below said diaphragm, a burner arrangedjwithin the interior shell, a fuel-supply pipe con'nnunicating.

with said burner, a watersupply pipe communicating with the space between the interior shell and the casing, substantially as de scribed.

2. In a water still, an interior casing having a flanged lower end and provided with a flue in its top, a casing surrounding said shell, and received at its lower end within the flanged lower end of the shell, a diaphragm supported from the interior shell and div1ding the space between saidshell and easing into upper and lower compartments which are in commuuicati on one with the other, an. exterior shell supported on the inner shell, a hydrocarbon-burner arranged within the interior shell, a fuel-supply pipe communicating with said burner, a water-supply pipe co mmunicating with the space between t is interior shell and the casing, and a discharge-pine communicating with the space between t 1e casin and exterior shell.

3. In a waterstill, an interior shell having a flanged lower end and provided with a fine in its to a casing surroundir said shell, and receive at its lower and within the flanged lower end of the shell, a diaphragm supported from the interior shell and se ne-sting the space betweensaid'shell and. easing into upper and lower compartments which are lIi ing having an outwardly and upwardly flanged lower end, and provided in its upper end with a ilue, a casing surrounding said shell with its lower end resting on the outwardly-flanged portion of the shell, a diaphragm dividing the space between said shell and easing into upper and lower compart: ments' which are in communication with each other, an exterior shell supportedirom the interior shell with its lower end inclosed by the upwardly-flanged portion of the'interior shell whereby a water seal is formed around the.

lower end of said exterior casing, a burner, a fuel-supply pipe leading to said burner, a wama ice teraupply pi e leading to the space between the inner s'hel and casing, and a distillate-disehsrge pipe communicating with the space heween the casing and the exterior shell, substantially as described. 5. In a water-still, aninner shell having a fine in its top, a suriounding easing spaced from said shell, a diaphragm separating the space between the shell and the easing into an upper and lower com artment in commu nication one with the ot ier, a Water-supply pipe communicating with said space, a burner arranged within the inner shell, a fuelsupply pipe leading to said burner, an insulated i 5 pipe eelnmunieating with the space between the inner shell and the casing, an overflowpipe communicating with said insulated pipe,

an exterior shell surrounding the casing and the inner shell and spaced away from the easing, and an outlet-pi e for the distilled Water eoinmunieatin with the space between the outer shell an the casing, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

JGHN HAMMOND SMITH. Witnesses:

H. C. EVER'I,

E. E. POTTER.

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