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US3808085A - Concrete structural member - Google Patents

Concrete structural member Download PDF

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Publication number
US3808085A
US3808085A US00197816A US19781671A US3808085A US 3808085 A US3808085 A US 3808085A US 00197816 A US00197816 A US 00197816A US 19781671 A US19781671 A US 19781671A US 3808085 A US3808085 A US 3808085A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
concrete
structural member
fibrous
slab
top surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00197816A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
B Givens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Battelle Development Corp
Original Assignee
Battelle Development Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE791262D priority Critical patent/BE791262A/xx
Application filed by Battelle Development Corp filed Critical Battelle Development Corp
Priority to US00197816A priority patent/US3808085A/en
Priority to ZA727552A priority patent/ZA727552B/xx
Priority to AU48153/72A priority patent/AU464147B2/en
Priority to GB4996172A priority patent/GB1386135A/en
Priority to ES408324A priority patent/ES408324A1/es
Priority to TR17290A priority patent/TR17290A/xx
Priority to IT31448/72A priority patent/IT970333B/it
Priority to JP47111661A priority patent/JPS5221293B2/ja
Priority to AR245048A priority patent/AR219684A1/es
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7215281,A priority patent/NL172355C/xx
Priority to BR7919/72A priority patent/BR7207919D0/pt
Priority to DK561672AA priority patent/DK139761B/da
Priority to SE7214582A priority patent/SE395166B/sv
Priority to FR7239964A priority patent/FR2160180A5/fr
Priority to CH1636672A priority patent/CH564661A5/xx
Priority to DE2255412A priority patent/DE2255412A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3808085A publication Critical patent/US3808085A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/16—Reinforcements
    • E01C11/18—Reinforcements for cement concrete pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
    • E01D19/125—Grating or flooring for bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/012—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/262—Concrete reinforced with steel fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/268—Composite concrete-metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/249932—Fiber embedded in a layer derived from a water-settable material [e.g., cement, gypsum, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/296—Rubber, cellulosic or silicic material in coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/298—Physical dimension

Definitions

  • Dunson ABSTRACT A load-bearing reinforced-concrete structural member, such as a beam or bridge-deck slab, composed of concrete and including both upper and lower stressreinforcing means with its lower stress-reinforcing means being reinforcing metal bars embedded in concrete and its upper stress-reinforcing means being the uppermost 20 to 45 percent of the member and of a fibrous-concrete material consisting essentially of closely spaced short wires uniformly distributed randomly in concrete at an average spacing therebetween of less than 0.3 inch.
  • This invention relates to improvements in a loadbearing reinforced-concrete structural member which includes both upper and lower stress-reinforcing means and whose utility involves a load downwardly imposed on its upper surface, and more specifically relates to employing a special fibrous-concrete material as its upper stress-reinforcing means; More particularly, the
  • concrete is prepared by mixing sand and coarse aggregate with cement and water to form a workable mass which upon setting and hardening provides a-resultant material characteristically resembling stone in weight, hardness, brittleness, and strength.
  • a unique characteristic of concrete is its hydraulicity or ability to harden under water as well as to set in air.
  • the cement most commonly used is Portland cement. Concrete has a low tensile strength and it has long been recognized that its low tensile strength is an unavoidable limitation which must be taken into account in various applications in which concrete is to be employed. Thus,- usages of unreinforcedconcrete usually are limited to applications where mass and weight are chiefly required and where tension and.
  • the concrete is reinforced by castingit around the steel reinforcements so disposed and proportioned as to provide the specific properties requisite for the intended application.
  • the employed conventional reinforcements do not impartwear resistance and resistance to cracking of the top surface of reinforced concrete.
  • the tensile strength improvement are of much greater tensile strength than concrete per
  • concrete per se can be expected to have a crushing strength of at least 2,000 lbs/sq. in. in seven days and 3,000 lbs/sq. in. in 30 days, while only having a breaking strength in tension of to 200 lbs/sq. in. in seven days and of 225 to 300 lbs/sq. in. in 30 days.
  • slab panels for bridge decking support beams for supporting floors and ceilings
  • multiplepoint supported floor slabs and paving such as highways and airport runways and taxi ramps of extended spread (it should be noted in the instance of top-loaded pavings, runways, and the like, even though overlying a substantially continuous base or foundation, that unless the base supporting characteristics be essentially uniform throughout, at weakly supported areas the tensile stresses will be found at the bottom edges and compression stresses at the top thereof, while at strongly supported areas therebetween tensile stresses will dominate at top edges and compressive stresses at the bottom edges); and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a portion of an improved load-bearing reinforced-concrete structural member of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a semi-diagrammatic cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the improved structural member of. the invention in an embodiment thereof as an improved bridge deck slab;
  • FIG. 3 is a semi-diagrammatic cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of a conventional bridgedeck slab of the prior art over which the illustrated FIG. 2 embodiment of the invention provides significant improvement.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a transverse cross-sectional portion of a structural member, generally designated of the invention.
  • Member 10 illustrates embodiments of applicants invention such as an improved load-bearing beam (not otherwise illustrated) or alternatively a partial crosssection taken on line l-1 of FIG. 2 of an improved bridge-deck slab illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • Structural member 10 is of an overall thickness T from its upper surface or edge 11 to its bottom surface or edge 12.
  • Member 10 in its uppermost region is a layer 13 of special fibrous-concrete material, generally designated 14, of a thickness T extending downward from upper surface 11.
  • the fibrous concrete material 14 of layer 13 consists of concrete l5 and a multitude of short steel fibers 16 uniformly distributed randomly therein at an average spacing of less than 0.3 inch.
  • the balance of member 10 is of a reinforced concrete, generally designated 17, consisting of concrete 15 containing a plurality of steel reinforcing bars 18.
  • Reinforced concrete 17 in member 10 is of a thickness equaling T-T
  • the illustrated reinforcing bars 18, are spaced a distance of S apart and disposed longitudinally and parallel to each other in member 10 in a plane parallel to and located a distance of T from the bottom surface l2.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a portion of a structural member of the invention which is an improved bridgedeck slab, generally designated 20.
  • slab 20 includes an upper surface 11 and a bottom surface 12 with a thickness T therebetween.
  • Slab 20 also includes an upper layer 13 of thickness T of special fibrous-concrete material 14 containing a multitude of short steel fibers 16 uniformly distributed randomly therein at an average spacing of less than 0.3 inch.
  • the balance of thickness Tof slab 20 is of reinforced concrete 17 which includes longitudinal-disposed reinforcing bars 21 and transversedisposed reinforcing bars 18 embedded in concrete 15.
  • the transverse disposed reinforcing bars 18, alike those of the FIG. 1 embodiment are spaced a distance of T from the bottom surface 12.
  • FIG. 2 illustrated bridge-deck slab 20 includes two haunches, generally designated 23, projecting from bottom surface 12, for engagement each with a support means 24, which support means 24 as illustrated in part may be an I-shaped, or alternatively a T- shaped support means. Support means 24 is in engagement with haunch 23 over a distance F, with each support means 24 spaced from another support means 24 by an effective span distance S.
  • FIG. 3 for comparison purposes there is shown a portion of a conventional bridge-deck slab, generally designated 30, made up of conventional reinforced concrete generally designated 17.
  • slab 30 is closely akin to the slab 20, illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • - Slab 30 also has a top surface 11, a bottom surface 12, and a thickness Ttherebetween, and includes transverse disposed reinforcing bars 18 and longitudinal disposed reinforcing bars 21 embedded in concrete 15 with the transverse reinforcing bars 18 alike those in FIGS. 1 and 2 spaced a distance T from bottom surface 12, as well as haunches 23 engaging support means 24 over a distance F with an effective span distance S between support means 24.
  • Slab 30 includes, in its upper region for its upper stress-reinforcing means, transverse disposed reinforcing bars 31 and longitudinal disposed reinforcing bars 32 embedded in the concrete 15 with a splice 22 of transverse bars 31 also being shown.
  • the transverse reinforcing bars 31 are located a distance T from top surface 11. The distances T and T not only serve to locate the position of the reinforcing bars but also designate the thicknesses of concrete cover for the embedded bars. Conventionally a concrete cover between 1% to 3 inches is utilized for embedded'reinforcing bars.
  • a conventional reinforced concrete bridge-deck slab such as in slab 30 illustrated in FIG. 3, the embedded reinforcing bars 18, 21, 31, and 32 are present to compensate for the small tensile strength of unreinforced concrete and their enhancement of tensile strength generally does not become effective until cracking occurs of the concrete matrix in which they are embedded.
  • a conventional bridge-deck slab is subject to cracking. Cracking can and does occur at locations where tensile stresses dominate, i.e., particularly on bottom surface 12 intermediate haunches 23 and on top surface 11 directly over the location of haunches 23 in slab 30.
  • impact loads cause stress cracking throughout because of fatigue in-concrete, and changing environmental weather conditions also contribute to crack initiation and formation in the slab.
  • On the topsurface l1, abrasion and salt intrusion further hasten deck deterioration with crack formation.
  • the special fibrous-concrete material included in the structural member of the invention is the two-phase concrete and steel material described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,429,094, J. P.-Romualdi, issued Feb. 25, 1969.
  • the present invention employs that patents particular two-phase material, herein called fibrous concrete, in its embodiment thereof (FIG. la of U.S. Pat. No. 3,429,094) employing closely spaced short-wire segments uniformly distributed randomly in concrete.
  • the short-wire segments included in the fibrous concrete material employed in the present invention will be of a diameter from about 0.006 inch to 0.0625 inch, a length of about inch to about 3 inches, a ratio of length to diameter from about 40 to 300, with the wire segments included in concrete in an amount between 0.3 and 5.0 percent by volume.
  • the short-wire elements in the fibrous-concrete material employed in the invention may be of other than round or oval cross section, may be of elliptical, square, rectangular, or like cross section, and also may be of 'alloys and metals other than steel and iron.
  • any portion and up to substantially all of the disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 3,429,094, as may be necessary and/or aids in fully and adequately disclosing and describing the fibrous concrete employed in the present invention then the same hereby by this statement is incorporated herein by this reference to the U.S. Pat. No. 3,429,094.
  • the fibrous concrete included in the structural member of the invention differs significantly from both unreinforced and conventional reinforced concretes.
  • the multitude of short-wire segments in fibrous concrete in combination with the very close spacing of the wire segments restrain and hinder initiation and propagation of cracks in the concrete matrix in which the wires are uniformly distributed randomly.
  • Unreinforced concrete contains no added means to hinder and avoid crack initiation and propagation.
  • Conventional reinforced concrete, such as concrete reinforced with steel reinforcing bars also inherently is subject to cracking of its concrete matrix alike unrein- 5 forced concrete. Its reinforcing bars are larger than short-wire segments, are not distributed randomly, and their amounts fail to provide average spacings therebetween of less than a mere fraction of an inch.
  • the short-wire elements do not impart significant tensile strength to the fibrous-concrete because of their own tensile strength.
  • the extremely close spacing of the wire elements in fibrous concrete is of essence to providing significantly improved crack resistance.
  • Through restriction of the growth of cracks the useful tensile strength, both ultimate and firstcrack, of fibrous concrete are increased significantly over that of unreinforced concrete.
  • fibrous concrete possesses a high fatigue endurance limit, an excellent wear resistance, an enhanced resistance to surface cracking and spalling upon exposure to heat and weather, an ability to remain intact upon appearance of cracks, an extensive plastic flow before disintegration, an ability to absorb energy impacts more efficiently than unreinforced concrete, and other most desirable and advantageous properties and characteristics uniquely employed to advantage in the present invention.
  • P Wheel load 16 kips Design is based on decks having 3 or more beams. The effects of haunch shall not be considered in the design.
  • the specific embodiment of the improved bridge-deck slab 20, illustrated in H6. 2 employs as its upper reinforcing member a layer 13 of thickness T of the special fibrousconcrete material 14 described earlier as the two-phase material embodiment, in US. Pat. No. 3,429,094, Romualdi, employing closely spaced short-wire segments uniformly distributed randomly in concrete.
  • a layer 13 of this special fibrous-concrete material 14 of a thickness T with this layer also providing the top surface 11 of the inventions structural unit.
  • the required thickness T should be from about 20 percent to 45 percent of thickness T, which T is the distance from the upper surface 11 to the bottom surface 12 of the improved structural member.
  • the thickness T would be be tween about 2 and 4% inches.
  • T is between I 25 percent and 35 percent of overall thickness T.
  • layer 13 would provide an improved upper wearing surface with crack resistance but the enhanced strength provided b; layer 13 would be inadequate and additional reinforcement would be required in the upper region in order to provide a satisfactory and adequate upper stressreinforcing means for the structural member.
  • T to be greater than about 45 percent of T, significant deviation from a balanced reinforced structural unit results along with increased cost for the structural member.
  • T thickness greater than 45 percent of T will provide a unit of overdesigned load capacity, and were Tdecreased so as not to overdesign then redesign and adjustment would be necessary of the overall structure in which the structural unit is to be employed in order to accommodate the thinner structural unit.
  • a load-bearing structural unit is over-reinforced when the stress in its steel reinforcements is less than the building code allows upon its concrete reaching code-allowable stress; a load-bearing structural unit is underreinforced when the stress in its steel reinforcement is greater than the building code allows upon its concrete reaching code-allowable stress; and a balanced reinforcement is provided when the stress in its steel reinforcements closely approximates code-allowable stress when its concreteis at its code-allowable stress.
  • thickness T is a thickness as provides, or closely approximates, balanced reinforcement.
  • Ultimate tensile strengths of 2,500 psi and higher and first-crack tensile strengths of 1,800 psi and higher are readily provided by fibrousconcrete material, such as obtainable with 28-day cured l 2.4 concrete mix including 2.8 percent by volume of 0.020 in. diameter X 1.5 in. long steel wires uniformly distributed randomly therein.
  • a T of 2 in. for slab 20 provides a sufficient capacity over the range of various useful specified effective spans of from 4 ft, 7 in to 7 ft, 11 in. This is shown by an analysis summary presented in the following Table IV over these various specified effective spans of slab 20 upon including a 2 in. T thickness of the special fibrous-concrete material 14 as the upper reinforcing means.
  • fibrous-concrete containing typi- 24,000 cally 2.0 percent by volume of 0.015 to 0.025 in. diam- Mc Cid 24..0"(5.98/ 12.0) 12.0"; I eter by 1.0. to 1.5 in. long steel wires randomly dis- M pp v persed and thoroughly mixed therein in an amount to r C id 14.6"598/ 7.28 provide a top layer 13 of thickness T
  • Suffic ent capacity 7 v fibrous-concrete mix directly upon the unset firstditional instructionsandnotescarlier presented for poured concrete, one assures a good bonding of the two together so that they together function as a unit to provide an integral member 20.
  • the exposed top surface 11 may be screeded conventionally as is known in the art.
  • the employed concrete mix and the special fibrous concrete mix are prepared by methods taught in the art.
  • an alternative prepartion of an improved slab of the invention one commences with a preset mass of thickness T-T of reinforced concrete containing embedded therein the requisitely placed lower reinforcing bars 18 and 2].
  • a preset mass can be obtained as upon renovation of a conventional bridge-deck slab 30 r by removing therefrom its upper portion containing upper reinforcing bars 31 and 32 and concrete to a depth of T
  • the wetting of the upper surface of the preset mass as well as the dusting thereof assists in obtaining satisfactory bonding of the fibrous-concrete layer to the reinforced concrete so that together they function as a unitary and integral improved member 20.
  • a load-bearing reinforced-concrete structural member having top and bottom surfaces and a thickness T measured between the top and bottom surfaces and composed of concrete and lower and upper stressreinforcing means with the lower stress-reinforcing means being a plurality of reinforcing metal bars disposed in the lower halfmost region of the thickness T and in proximity to 'the bottom surface
  • said upper stress-reinforcing means consists essentially of the fibrous-concrete material whose short wire segments are uniformly distributed randomly in concrete at the average spacing betweensaid wire segments of less than 0.l inch.
  • the structural member of claim 3 in the form of a beam or slabadapted for use with span supports effectively spaced between 4'7" and 7'll" apart and with said beam or slab incorporating said top surface layer extending downwardly from the top surface to the depth of the thickness T providing substantially a balanced reinforcement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
US00197816A 1971-11-11 1971-11-11 Concrete structural member Expired - Lifetime US3808085A (en)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE791262D BE791262A (fr) 1971-11-11 Perfectionnements aux elements de construction en beton
US00197816A US3808085A (en) 1971-11-11 1971-11-11 Concrete structural member
ZA727552A ZA727552B (en) 1971-11-11 1972-10-24 Concrete structural member
AU48153/72A AU464147B2 (en) 1971-11-11 1972-10-26 Concrete structural member
GB4996172A GB1386135A (en) 1971-11-11 1972-10-30 Concrete structural member
TR17290A TR17290A (tr) 1971-11-11 1972-11-07 Beton struektuer elemani
ES408324A ES408324A1 (es) 1971-11-11 1972-11-07 Mejoras en la fabricacion de elementos estructurales sopor-tadores de carga de hormigon reforzado.
AR245048A AR219684A1 (es) 1971-11-11 1972-11-09 Mejoras en un miembro estructural portador de carga
IT31448/72A IT970333B (it) 1971-11-11 1972-11-09 Elemento strutturale in calce struzzo
JP47111661A JPS5221293B2 (sv) 1971-11-11 1972-11-09
BR7919/72A BR7207919D0 (pt) 1971-11-11 1972-11-10 Um membro estrutural aperfeicoado em concreto armado sob carga
DK561672AA DK139761B (da) 1971-11-11 1972-11-10 Byggeelement af beton.
SE7214582A SE395166B (sv) 1971-11-11 1972-11-10 Konstruktionselement av betong
NLAANVRAGE7215281,A NL172355C (nl) 1971-11-11 1972-11-10 Dragend gewapend betonnen constructiedeel.
FR7239964A FR2160180A5 (sv) 1971-11-11 1972-11-10
CH1636672A CH564661A5 (sv) 1971-11-11 1972-11-10
DE2255412A DE2255412A1 (de) 1971-11-11 1972-11-11 Bauteile aus bewehrtem beton

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00197816A US3808085A (en) 1971-11-11 1971-11-11 Concrete structural member

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3808085A true US3808085A (en) 1974-04-30

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US00197816A Expired - Lifetime US3808085A (en) 1971-11-11 1971-11-11 Concrete structural member

Country Status (17)

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US (1) US3808085A (sv)
JP (1) JPS5221293B2 (sv)
AR (1) AR219684A1 (sv)
AU (1) AU464147B2 (sv)
BE (1) BE791262A (sv)
BR (1) BR7207919D0 (sv)
CH (1) CH564661A5 (sv)
DE (1) DE2255412A1 (sv)
DK (1) DK139761B (sv)
ES (1) ES408324A1 (sv)
FR (1) FR2160180A5 (sv)
GB (1) GB1386135A (sv)
IT (1) IT970333B (sv)
NL (1) NL172355C (sv)
SE (1) SE395166B (sv)
TR (1) TR17290A (sv)
ZA (1) ZA727552B (sv)

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053677A (en) * 1975-04-17 1977-10-11 Corao Manuel J Light concrete monolithic slab
US4077177A (en) * 1974-08-09 1978-03-07 Boothroyd Rodney L Curved architectural structure of foam and cement
US4105739A (en) * 1974-07-10 1978-08-08 University Of Salford Constructional elements of concrete
US4127349A (en) * 1976-04-29 1978-11-28 Sf-Sten A/S Concrete paving stone and method of manufacturing same
US4154039A (en) * 1972-06-01 1979-05-15 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Reinforced building structure and method of manufacture
US4257481A (en) * 1975-06-05 1981-03-24 Dobson Michael J Cement panel heat exchangers
US4285177A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-08-25 American Stair Corporation, Inc. Reinforced tread assembly
US4300539A (en) * 1978-09-22 1981-11-17 Ecosol Materials, Inc. Solar collector
US4342178A (en) * 1980-02-08 1982-08-03 National Steel Corp. Carbon anode furnace cover construction
US4351867A (en) * 1981-03-26 1982-09-28 General Electric Co. Thermal insulation composite of cellular cementitious material
US4513040A (en) * 1983-04-22 1985-04-23 Ribbon Technology, Inc. Highly wear-resistant steel fiber reinforced concrete tiles
WO1989011003A1 (en) * 1988-05-13 1989-11-16 Allen John H Load bearing concrete panel
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US20070289502A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2007-12-20 Xavier Destree Metal Fiber Concrete
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US20110304072A1 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 Concrete Solutions Consulting Llc Method of fabricating integrated concrete slab
US20120261861A1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2012-10-18 Bracegirdle P E Nano-Steel Reinforcing Fibers in Concrete, Asphalt and Plastic Compositions and the Associated Method of Fabrication
US20130086850A1 (en) * 2011-10-06 2013-04-11 Brian D. Morrow Modular building construction system using light weight panels
US20150110555A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2015-04-23 Comercial Tcpavements Ltda. Method for producing a fibre concrete slab for paving low-traffic roads, concrete slab, and method for paving low-traffic roads
JP2016070012A (ja) * 2014-10-01 2016-05-09 大成建設株式会社 コンクリート部材およびコンクリート部材の施工方法
US10414119B2 (en) * 2014-11-14 2019-09-17 Hutchinson Composite panel with thermosetting cellular matrix, manufacturing method, and structure for covering a wall formed from an assembly of panels
USD861194S1 (en) 2018-05-23 2019-09-24 Blue Tomato Llc Panel
US10450736B2 (en) 2018-02-02 2019-10-22 Blue Tomato Llc Modular light weight construction system based on pre-slotted panels and standard dimensional splines
US10865560B1 (en) 2018-12-10 2020-12-15 Blue Tomato, Llc Light weight post and beam construction system based on horizontally pre-slotted panels
US11015340B2 (en) 2018-08-24 2021-05-25 Blue Tomato Llc Sealed envelope agricultural building constructions
WO2021191283A1 (en) 2020-03-24 2021-09-30 Nv Bekaert Sa Post-tensioned concrete slab with fibres
EP3964661A1 (en) 2020-09-08 2022-03-09 NV Bekaert SA Post-tensioned concrete with fibers for slabs on supports
US11286658B2 (en) 2018-12-10 2022-03-29 Blue Tomato, Llc Method for light weight construction using pre-slotted standard and transition panels
US11352775B2 (en) 2018-12-10 2022-06-07 Blue Tomato, Llc Light weight construction system based on horizontally pre-slotted panels
WO2022136646A1 (en) 2020-12-23 2022-06-30 Nv Bekaert Sa Post-tensioned concrete with fibers for long strips
US11401724B2 (en) 2018-10-16 2022-08-02 Blue Tomato Llc Below grade fluid containment
US20220412069A1 (en) * 2021-04-20 2022-12-29 Mathew Chirappuram Royce Pre-Fabricated Link Slab - Ultra High Performance Concrete
WO2023052434A1 (en) 2021-09-28 2023-04-06 Nv Bekaert Sa Fiber reinforced post-tensioned concrete slab with openings
WO2023052502A1 (en) 2021-09-29 2023-04-06 Nv Bekaert Sa Post-tensioned expanding concrete with fibers for slabs
US11697946B2 (en) 2018-10-16 2023-07-11 Blue Tomato, Llc Pool or other below grade fluid containment
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MY118701A (en) 1997-02-12 2005-01-31 Bekaert Sa Nv Combination reinforcement for floor on piles
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CN111268969A (zh) * 2020-02-26 2020-06-12 西安建筑科技大学 一种混杂纤维混凝土预制叠合板及其制备方法
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US4105739A (en) * 1974-07-10 1978-08-08 University Of Salford Constructional elements of concrete
US4077177A (en) * 1974-08-09 1978-03-07 Boothroyd Rodney L Curved architectural structure of foam and cement
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US4257481A (en) * 1975-06-05 1981-03-24 Dobson Michael J Cement panel heat exchangers
US4127349A (en) * 1976-04-29 1978-11-28 Sf-Sten A/S Concrete paving stone and method of manufacturing same
US4300539A (en) * 1978-09-22 1981-11-17 Ecosol Materials, Inc. Solar collector
US4285177A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-08-25 American Stair Corporation, Inc. Reinforced tread assembly
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US4351867A (en) * 1981-03-26 1982-09-28 General Electric Co. Thermal insulation composite of cellular cementitious material
US4513040A (en) * 1983-04-22 1985-04-23 Ribbon Technology, Inc. Highly wear-resistant steel fiber reinforced concrete tiles
US4955171A (en) * 1986-08-28 1990-09-11 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Forderund Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Building panel constructed in layers
US4923664A (en) * 1986-08-28 1990-05-08 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Process for manufacturing a building panel
WO1989011003A1 (en) * 1988-05-13 1989-11-16 Allen John H Load bearing concrete panel
US4991248A (en) * 1988-05-13 1991-02-12 Allen Research & Development Corp. Load bearing concrete panel reconstruction
US6708362B1 (en) * 1988-05-13 2004-03-23 John H. Allen Load bearing concrete panel construction
US5308572A (en) * 1992-11-17 1994-05-03 Ribbon Technology Corporation Method for manufacturing a reinforced cementitious structural member
US5296187A (en) * 1993-03-23 1994-03-22 Ribbon Technology, Corp. Methods for manufacturing columnar structures
US5571628A (en) * 1993-07-23 1996-11-05 Ribbon Technology Corporation Metal fiber preforms and method for making the same
US5404688A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-04-11 Greaves; William S. Matrix for reinforcing concrete
US20050008810A1 (en) * 2003-04-30 2005-01-13 Semmens Blaine K. Aligned extrudate structure
US7169464B2 (en) * 2003-04-30 2007-01-30 Conservation Roofing Systems, Inc. Aligned extrudate structure
US20070289502A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2007-12-20 Xavier Destree Metal Fiber Concrete
US7419543B2 (en) * 2003-12-16 2008-09-02 Trefilabed Bissen S.A. Metal fiber concrete
DE102007033557A1 (de) * 2007-07-19 2009-01-22 Universität Leipzig Hybride Verbundkonstruktion
US20090314924A1 (en) * 2008-03-12 2009-12-24 Buetfering Schleiftechnik Gmbh Processing machine and manufacturing method thereof
US20090229731A1 (en) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Homag Holzbearbeitungssysteme Ag Processing device
US20100270001A1 (en) * 2008-08-05 2010-10-28 Parrella Michael J System and method of maximizing grout heat conductibility and increasing caustic resistance
US20110304072A1 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-15 Concrete Solutions Consulting Llc Method of fabricating integrated concrete slab
US20120261861A1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2012-10-18 Bracegirdle P E Nano-Steel Reinforcing Fibers in Concrete, Asphalt and Plastic Compositions and the Associated Method of Fabrication
US20130086850A1 (en) * 2011-10-06 2013-04-11 Brian D. Morrow Modular building construction system using light weight panels
US20150110555A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2015-04-23 Comercial Tcpavements Ltda. Method for producing a fibre concrete slab for paving low-traffic roads, concrete slab, and method for paving low-traffic roads
JP2016070012A (ja) * 2014-10-01 2016-05-09 大成建設株式会社 コンクリート部材およびコンクリート部材の施工方法
US10414119B2 (en) * 2014-11-14 2019-09-17 Hutchinson Composite panel with thermosetting cellular matrix, manufacturing method, and structure for covering a wall formed from an assembly of panels
US10450736B2 (en) 2018-02-02 2019-10-22 Blue Tomato Llc Modular light weight construction system based on pre-slotted panels and standard dimensional splines
USD861194S1 (en) 2018-05-23 2019-09-24 Blue Tomato Llc Panel
US11015340B2 (en) 2018-08-24 2021-05-25 Blue Tomato Llc Sealed envelope agricultural building constructions
US11401724B2 (en) 2018-10-16 2022-08-02 Blue Tomato Llc Below grade fluid containment
US11697946B2 (en) 2018-10-16 2023-07-11 Blue Tomato, Llc Pool or other below grade fluid containment
US10865560B1 (en) 2018-12-10 2020-12-15 Blue Tomato, Llc Light weight post and beam construction system based on horizontally pre-slotted panels
US11286658B2 (en) 2018-12-10 2022-03-29 Blue Tomato, Llc Method for light weight construction using pre-slotted standard and transition panels
US11352775B2 (en) 2018-12-10 2022-06-07 Blue Tomato, Llc Light weight construction system based on horizontally pre-slotted panels
USD994148S1 (en) 2019-12-10 2023-08-01 Blue Tomato, Llc Construction panel
WO2021191283A1 (en) 2020-03-24 2021-09-30 Nv Bekaert Sa Post-tensioned concrete slab with fibres
US20230151611A1 (en) * 2020-03-24 2023-05-18 Nv Bekaert Sa Post-tensioned concrete slab with fibres
WO2022053510A1 (en) 2020-09-08 2022-03-17 Nv Bekaert Sa Post-tensioned concrete with fibers for slabs on supports
EP3964661A1 (en) 2020-09-08 2022-03-09 NV Bekaert SA Post-tensioned concrete with fibers for slabs on supports
WO2022136646A1 (en) 2020-12-23 2022-06-30 Nv Bekaert Sa Post-tensioned concrete with fibers for long strips
US20220412069A1 (en) * 2021-04-20 2022-12-29 Mathew Chirappuram Royce Pre-Fabricated Link Slab - Ultra High Performance Concrete
US11851869B2 (en) * 2021-04-20 2023-12-26 Mathew Chirappuram Royce Pre-fabricated link slab—ultra high performance concrete
WO2023052434A1 (en) 2021-09-28 2023-04-06 Nv Bekaert Sa Fiber reinforced post-tensioned concrete slab with openings
WO2023052502A1 (en) 2021-09-29 2023-04-06 Nv Bekaert Sa Post-tensioned expanding concrete with fibers for slabs

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Publication number Publication date
DE2255412A1 (de) 1973-05-17
JPS4858618A (sv) 1973-08-17
DE2255412B2 (sv) 1974-05-09
ES408324A1 (es) 1976-02-01
DK139761B (da) 1979-04-09
IT970333B (it) 1974-04-10
AU4815372A (en) 1974-05-02
BE791262A (fr) 1973-03-01
NL7215281A (sv) 1973-05-15
FR2160180A5 (sv) 1973-06-22
TR17290A (tr) 1975-03-24
SE395166B (sv) 1977-08-01
ZA727552B (en) 1973-08-29
AU464147B2 (en) 1975-08-14
DK139761C (sv) 1979-11-12
NL172355B (nl) 1983-03-16
NL172355C (nl) 1983-08-16
AR219684A1 (es) 1980-09-15
JPS5221293B2 (sv) 1977-06-09
BR7207919D0 (pt) 1973-09-13
CH564661A5 (sv) 1975-07-31
GB1386135A (en) 1975-03-05

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