US3806730A - Device for radiation measurements on material webs - Google Patents
Device for radiation measurements on material webs Download PDFInfo
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- US3806730A US3806730A US00369066A US36906673A US3806730A US 3806730 A US3806730 A US 3806730A US 00369066 A US00369066 A US 00369066A US 36906673 A US36906673 A US 36906673A US 3806730 A US3806730 A US 3806730A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
- G01N21/8901—Optical details; Scanning details
Definitions
- the apparatus includes a first set of light tubes fixed in relation to said apparatus and extending from a light source transversely of the web of material with their output ends spaced across the width of the web of material.
- a second set of light tubes also is fixed in relation to said apparatus and extends from light sensitive means transversely of the web material with their input ends spaced across the width of the web of material.
- the input ends are respectively associated with corresponding light output ends of the light tubes of the first set.
- This invention relates to an improvement in apparatus disclosed in US. Pat. application Ser. No. 135,201, now abandoned, by one of the joint inventors Erkki Tapio Tirkkonen.
- the apparatus is adapted for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of the web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the apparatus.
- the accuracyof differentiation should be as high as -20 mm. Moreover, it should be possible to determine the transversal profile within a short period, in order that the longitudinal displacement of the profile might be minimal. It would be advantageous, and in many instances indispensable, to perform the measurement without contact with the paper web.
- the equipment which has to be mounted on the paper machine should have as small'weight as possible and it should take up a minimum of space.
- An object of the present invention is the provision of improved measuring apparatus which meets the above requirements, and which is both relatively simple in design and relatively cheap to provide.
- apparatus adapted for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of a web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the said apparatus comprises a first set of so-called lighttubes fixed in relation to said apparatus and extending from a light source transversely of the web of material with their output ends spaced across the width of the web of material, and a second set of so-called light tubes also fixed in relation to said apparatus and extending from light sensitive means transversely of the web material with their input ends spaced across the width of the web of material and respectively associated with corresponding light output ends of the light tubes of the first set.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective drawing of an arrangement of light tubes according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of light tubes shown in FIG. 1;
- FIGS. 3 through 6 are side elevations showing alternative endings for the light tubes.
- FIG. 7 is an underneath view of the arrangement of light tubes of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- a suitable light type of radiation is supplied to the inlet ends of an arrangement of light tubes, the output ends of which are spaced apart in the form of a line to emit light towards the web at a large number of spaced locations distributed across the width of the web.
- On the other side or face of the web is a similar arrangment of light tubes with the output ends of the first light tubes opposite the input ends of the second light tubes. Radiation from the first light tubes passes through the web and entersthe other light tubes which lead the light to a suitable detection apparatus.
- the radiation used is infrared
- the light source consists of hologen lamps of 2 kilowatt each run at reduced voltage to produce a colour temperature of 2,500K.
- the exact colour temperature is not critical but should be kept above 2,10OK.
- the present invention is directed to the arrangement of the light tubes, and in general a first set of light tubes 1 is arranged above the web 3 of paper to be examined, and a second set of light tubes 5 is arranged below the web 3. As indicated in FIG. 1, light is fed into the lefthand end of the first set 1 through an adaptor 7, and light is withdrawn from the righthand end of the second set 5 through an adaptor 9.
- This feature has the advantage that for each combination of a light tube from the first set, and a light tube from the second set, the total transmission length can be kept the same. This feature is important in the preferred arrangment in which infrared absorption is used to measure a parameter.
- a stationary infrared souce 11 is situated on one side of the web and a stationary infrared analyser 13 on the other side of the web.
- a light tube 15 of the first set 1 has its outlet end 15A arranged'opposite an inlet end 17A of a light tube 17 of the second set, and it will be seen that the total length of light tube is the same as in the case of light tube 19 of the first set, which has its outlet end 19A arranged opposite inlet end 21A of light tube 21 of the second set.
- the light tubes in the preferred embodiments of the I invention shown consist of rectangular aluminum pipes with bright inside surfaces. A considerable number of light tubes is required, and the pipes forming the tubes are bonded together by epoxy cement to form a selfsupporting beam structure.
- each pipe' can cover a section of 100 mm. of the width of the web, and the space between adjacent outlet ends in the first set can be minimal so that the whole width of the web is covered.
- the gap between the upper and lower beam is mm., but the lower set of tubes is positioned by a hydraulic device, so that the beam consisting of the lower set of tubes can be lowered as a unit to increase the spacing from the beam formed by the upper set of light tubes to 500 mm., so facilitating threading of the web between the two sets of light tubes.
- the interiors of the pipes forming the light tubes are filled with an inert gas, for example, argon, under a slight positive pressure.
- an inert gas for example, argon
- each light tube unit will provide three light tubes.
- the number of light tube units can be selected as desired, the resulting increase in height of the beam increasing the stiffness of the beam and thus being an advantage rather than a disadvantage.
- a group of three light tubes 41 terminate at a planar mirror 43 so that each light tube delivers light to, or receives light from, only the appropriate part of the web 3 through a suitable window 45.
- each light tube 51 is complete in itself, and at its inlet or outlet end at the web is provided with its own, mirror surface 53 so that the outlet ends of the light tubes are directed at the web 3 through a suitable window 55.
- each of a group of light tubes 61 terminates at a-planar mirror 63, but in this case the reverse side of the mirror is also a mirror surface. In this way, light from the upper two of the three light tubes experiences multiple reflections between the light tube and the web 3, passing through a suitable window 65.
- the arrangement of the light tubes in the beam 1 can be similar to the arrangement of the light .tubes in the beam 5, or somewhat different arrangements can be used, as desired.
- the apparatus described above makes use of a relatively cheap form of light tube; the light tubes are combined as a beam to provide a selfsupporting arrangement; and the total length of each transmission path between light source and analyser is either the same or very nearly equal to that of the other transmission paths.
- the structure of the light tubes In the practical fabrication of the light tubes, it will be found convenient to provide the structure of the light tubes over the full length of the beam, and in each light tube insert a deflecting mirror and a window at the appropriate points. In this way the beam will have the general appearance indicated in FIG. 1, and will be of uniform rigidity and will be free from undesirable'external ledges and projections.
- the light tubes described are so cheap to manufacture that no serious additional expense is involved in extending them across the full width of the web.
- the remaining part of the light tube can be used for the return of light reflected from the surface of the web. This can be useful when the examination of the web which is required is to be carried out by the use of reflected light, rather than by transmitted light.
- Apparatus adapted for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of a web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the said apparatus, comprising a first set of infrared radiation emitting tubes fixed in relation to said apparatus and mechanically combined to form a first rigid beam extending from a light source transversely across the full width of the web of material with their output ends spaced across the width of the web of material, and a second set of infrared radiation emitting tubes also fixed in relation to said apparatus and mechanically combined to form a second rigid beam extending from light sensitive means transversely across the full width of the web material with their input ends spaced across the width of the web of material and respectively associated with corresponding light output ends of the tubes of the first set, the length of each tube in the first set being so related to the length of the associated tube in the second set that the sum of their lengths is substantially the same for each such pair of tubes.
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- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus is disclosed for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of a web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the apparatus. The apparatus includes a first set of ''''light tubes'''' fixed in relation to said apparatus and extending from a light source transversely of the web of material with their output ends spaced across the width of the web of material. A second set of ''''light tubes'''' also is fixed in relation to said apparatus and extends from light sensitive means transversely of the web material with their input ends spaced across the width of the web of material. The input ends are respectively associated with corresponding light output ends of the light tubes of the first set.
Description
United States Paten n91 Tirkkonen et a1.
[ DEVICE FOR RADIATION MEASUREMENTS ON MATERIAL WEBS lnventorsz Erkki Tapio Tirkkonen, Helsinki;
Pekka Typpii, Hiekkaharju, both of Finland.
Assignee: Oy Nokia-Ab, Helsinki, Finland Filed: June 11, 1973 Appl. No.: 369,066
Related US. Application Data Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 187,411, Oct. 7, 1971,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1/1966 Barker, Jr. .250/3-59 X [451 Apr. 23, 1974 2,946,253 7/1960 Clark, Jr. 250/227 X Primary ExaminerJames W. Lawrence Assistant Examiner- T. N. Grigsby Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kurt Kelman 57 ABSTRACT Apparatus is disclosed for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of a web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the apparatus. The apparatus includes a first set of light tubes fixed in relation to said apparatus and extending from a light source transversely of the web of material with their output ends spaced across the width of the web of material. A second set of light tubes also is fixed in relation to said apparatus and extends from light sensitive means transversely of the web material with their input ends spaced across the width of the web of material. The input ends are respectively associated with corresponding light output ends of the light tubes of the first set.
7 Claims, 7 Drawing Ei gures $3 gsA llTl WW I PATENTEUAPR 23 mm SHEET 1 [1F 2 PATENTED APR 2 a 1974 SHEET 2 [IF 2 VM/I Fig.7
This is a continuation-in-part of our copending U.S.
Pat. application Ser. Ne. 187,411, filed Oct. 7, 1971 pending in art unit 256.
This invention relates to an improvement in apparatus disclosed in US. Pat. application Ser. No. 135,201, now abandoned, by one of the joint inventors Erkki Tapio Tirkkonen. The apparatus is adapted for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of the web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the apparatus.
The continuing development of paper making machines and the increase of their production speeds and web widths impose the necessity of elaborating ever faster measuring devices, by the aid of which the papermaking is also controlled. For successful control to be possible, one has to be able to measure the base Weight and moisture content of the paper web with high accuracy and high speed at various points on the wire up to the take-up unit.
It is necessary to perform measurement over the entire width of the paper web, and the accuracyof differentiation should be as high as -20 mm. Moreover, it should be possible to determine the transversal profile within a short period, in order that the longitudinal displacement of the profile might be minimal. It would be advantageous, and in many instances indispensable, to perform the measurement without contact with the paper web. The equipment which has to be mounted on the paper machine should have as small'weight as possible and it should take up a minimum of space.
Existing measuring devices do not meet the above requirements. This is true even of the more sophisticated types of measuring equipment previously available, while their cost is such that their use is not economic.
An object of the present invention is the provision of improved measuring apparatus which meets the above requirements, and which is both relatively simple in design and relatively cheap to provide.
According to the present invention, apparatus adapted for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of a web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the said apparatus comprises a first set of so-called lighttubes fixed in relation to said apparatus and extending from a light source transversely of the web of material with their output ends spaced across the width of the web of material, and a second set of so-called light tubes also fixed in relation to said apparatus and extending from light sensitive means transversely of the web material with their input ends spaced across the width of the web of material and respectively associated with corresponding light output ends of the light tubes of the first set.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective drawing of an arrangement of light tubes according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of light tubes shown in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3 through 6 are side elevations showing alternative endings for the light tubes; and
FIG. 7 is an underneath view of the arrangement of light tubes of FIGS. 1 and 2.
As explained in the aforesaid US. Pat. application Ser. No. l35,20l in order that a travelling web of paper may be examined for defects, a suitable light" type of radiation is supplied to the inlet ends of an arrangement of light tubes, the output ends of which are spaced apart in the form of a line to emit light towards the web at a large number of spaced locations distributed across the width of the web. On the other side or face of the web, is a similar arrangment of light tubes with the output ends of the first light tubes opposite the input ends of the second light tubes. Radiation from the first light tubes passes through the web and entersthe other light tubes which lead the light to a suitable detection apparatus.
Suitably the radiation used is infrared, and the light source consists of hologen lamps of 2 kilowatt each run at reduced voltage to produce a colour temperature of 2,500K. The exact colour temperature is not critical but should be kept above 2,10OK.
The present invention is directed to the arrangement of the light tubes, and in general a first set of light tubes 1 is arranged above the web 3 of paper to be examined, and a second set of light tubes 5 is arranged below the web 3. As indicated in FIG. 1, light is fed into the lefthand end of the first set 1 through an adaptor 7, and light is withdrawn from the righthand end of the second set 5 through an adaptor 9.
This feature has the advantage that for each combination of a light tube from the first set, and a light tube from the second set, the total transmission length can be kept the same. This feature is important in the preferred arrangment in which infrared absorption is used to measure a parameter. Thus a stationary infrared souce 11 is situated on one side of the web and a stationary infrared analyser 13 on the other side of the web.
In FIG. 2, for example, a light tube 15 of the first set 1 has its outlet end 15A arranged'opposite an inlet end 17A of a light tube 17 of the second set, and it will be seen that the total length of light tube is the same as in the case of light tube 19 of the first set, which has its outlet end 19A arranged opposite inlet end 21A of light tube 21 of the second set.
The light tubes in the preferred embodiments of the I invention shown consist of rectangular aluminum pipes with bright inside surfaces. A considerable number of light tubes is required, and the pipes forming the tubes are bonded together by epoxy cement to form a selfsupporting beam structure. For example, each pipe' can cover a section of 100 mm. of the width of the web, and the space between adjacent outlet ends in the first set can be minimal so that the whole width of the web is covered. During operation of the apparatus, the gap between the upper and lower beam is mm., but the lower set of tubes is positioned by a hydraulic device, so that the beam consisting of the lower set of tubes can be lowered as a unit to increase the spacing from the beam formed by the upper set of light tubes to 500 mm., so facilitating threading of the web between the two sets of light tubes.
The interiors of the pipes forming the light tubes are filled with an inert gas, for example, argon, under a slight positive pressure. One result of this is that light obscuring gases cannot enter the pipes to affect the light transmission while the use of an inert gas reduces to a minimum oxidation of the bright inner surfaces of the light tubes.
As will be clear from FIGS. 3 through 7, there are several ways in which the light tubes can be formed and arranged, and the arrangement adopted must depend upon the number of light tubes to be used. In FIG. 7, five light tube unit stacks are arranged side by side, and each light tube unit will provide three light tubes. In each stack of light tube units, the number of light tube units can be selected as desired, the resulting increase in height of the beam increasing the stiffness of the beam and thus being an advantage rather than a disadvantage.
In the arrangement shown in FIG. 4, a group of three light tubes 41 terminate at a planar mirror 43 so that each light tube delivers light to, or receives light from, only the appropriate part of the web 3 through a suitable window 45.
In the arrangement shown in FIG. 5, each light tube 51 is complete in itself, and at its inlet or outlet end at the web is provided with its own, mirror surface 53 so that the outlet ends of the light tubes are directed at the web 3 through a suitable window 55.
- In the arrangement shown in FIG. 6, each of a group of light tubes 61 terminates at a-planar mirror 63, but in this case the reverse side of the mirror is also a mirror surface. In this way, light from the upper two of the three light tubes experiences multiple reflections between the light tube and the web 3, passing through a suitable window 65.
The arrangement of the light tubes in the beam 1 can be similar to the arrangement of the light .tubes in the beam 5, or somewhat different arrangements can be used, as desired.
It will be seen that the apparatus described above makes use of a relatively cheap form of light tube; the light tubes are combined as a beam to provide a selfsupporting arrangement; and the total length of each transmission path between light source and analyser is either the same or very nearly equal to that of the other transmission paths.
In the practical fabrication of the light tubes, it will be found convenient to provide the structure of the light tubes over the full length of the beam, and in each light tube insert a deflecting mirror and a window at the appropriate points. In this way the beam will have the general appearance indicated in FIG. 1, and will be of uniform rigidity and will be free from undesirable'external ledges and projections. The light tubes described are so cheap to manufacture that no serious additional expense is involved in extending them across the full width of the web.
Since, in each beam, lighttravels along each light tube from one end and then leaves the light tube, if desired the remaining part of the light tube can be used for the return of light reflected from the surface of the web. This can be useful when the examination of the web which is required is to be carried out by the use of reflected light, rather than by transmitted light.
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. Apparatus adapted for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of a web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the said apparatus, comprising a first set of infrared radiation emitting tubes fixed in relation to said apparatus and mechanically combined to form a first rigid beam extending from a light source transversely across the full width of the web of material with their output ends spaced across the width of the web of material, and a second set of infrared radiation emitting tubes also fixed in relation to said apparatus and mechanically combined to form a second rigid beam extending from light sensitive means transversely across the full width of the web material with their input ends spaced across the width of the web of material and respectively associated with corresponding light output ends of the tubes of the first set, the length of each tube in the first set being so related to the length of the associated tube in the second set that the sum of their lengths is substantially the same for each such pair of tubes.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first set of tubes is disposed on one side or face of said web and the second set of tubes is disposed on an opposite side or face of said web. I
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of these beams is disposed above the web of material, and the other of these beams is disposed below the web of material.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tubes have reflective inner surfaces. v
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tubes are aluminum tubes having highly reflective inner surfaces. y 6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tubes are metal tubes having highly polished inner surfaces, and filled with an inert gas selected to inhibit deterioration of said polished surfaces.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim l, wherein the tubes have reflective inner surfaces and filled with a transparent gasunder a positive pressure, precluding the ingress of light obscuring gases.
I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3, 0 ,730 Dated April 23. 1974 InVent0r(S) Ftr'kki ",apin 'I'ir'kko'n n Gt al It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
On the title page, between items 16: 7 and A527, insert:--
597 Foreign Application Priority Data Sep. 29, 1971 Finland 2715/71 Signed and sealed this 24th day of September 1974.
(SEAL) Attest:
McCOY M. GIBSON JR. C. MARSIiALL DANN Attesting Officer v COIIITIiSSlOI'IQI of Patents :ORM po'wso v uscoMM-Dc 60376-P69 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I!" 0-366-334.
Claims (7)
1. Apparatus adapted for the measurement of a variable parameter at different points distributed across the width of a web of material travelling lengthwise relative to the said apparatus, comprising a first set of infrared radiation emitting tubes fixed in relation to said apparatus and mechanically combined to form a first rigid beam extending from a light source transversely across the full width of the web of material with their output ends spaced across the width of the web of material, and a second set of infrared radiation emitting tubes also fixed in relation to said apparatus and mechanically combined to form a second rigid beam extending from light sensitive means transversely across the full width of the web material with their input ends spaced across the width of the weB of material and respectively associated with corresponding light output ends of the tubes of the first set, the length of each tube in the first set being so related to the length of the associated tube in the second set that the sum of their lengths is substantially the same for each such pair of tubes.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first set of tubes is disposed on one side or face of said web and the second set of tubes is disposed on an opposite side or face of said web.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of these beams is disposed above the web of material, and the other of these beams is disposed below the web of material.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tubes have reflective inner surfaces.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tubes are aluminum tubes having highly reflective inner surfaces.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tubes are metal tubes having highly polished inner surfaces, and filled with an inert gas selected to inhibit deterioration of said polished surfaces.
7. Apparatus as climed in claim 1, wherein the tubes have reflective inner surfaces and filled with a transparent gas under a positive pressure, precluding the ingress of light obscuring gases.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00369066A US3806730A (en) | 1971-10-07 | 1973-06-11 | Device for radiation measurements on material webs |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18741171A | 1971-10-07 | 1971-10-07 | |
| US00369066A US3806730A (en) | 1971-10-07 | 1973-06-11 | Device for radiation measurements on material webs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3806730A true US3806730A (en) | 1974-04-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00369066A Expired - Lifetime US3806730A (en) | 1971-10-07 | 1973-06-11 | Device for radiation measurements on material webs |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US3806730A (en) |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4002919A (en) * | 1974-11-04 | 1977-01-11 | Robert Linard | Scanning apparatus for measuring the dimension of an object |
| DE2635347A1 (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1977-02-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | MEASUREMENT ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD |
| US4041321A (en) * | 1974-11-04 | 1977-08-09 | Robert Housu Linard | Measuring apparatus |
| US4085928A (en) * | 1976-01-02 | 1978-04-25 | Arthur Sussman | Folding system with photoelectric detection means |
| FR2369560A1 (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1978-05-26 | Ici Ltd | Detector for irregularities in continuous plastic webs - monitoring light reflection using optical fibres for irradiation and reflection |
| US4289964A (en) * | 1980-01-24 | 1981-09-15 | Intec Corporation | Radiation inspection system for a material making apparatus and method using a beta ray gauge |
| DE3247355A1 (en) * | 1982-12-22 | 1984-06-28 | Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt | Apparatus for quantitatively evaluating thin-layer chromatograms |
| GB2172102A (en) * | 1985-03-09 | 1986-09-10 | Haigh Chadwick Ltd | Textile structure measurement |
| GB2179444A (en) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-03-04 | Koerber Ag | Method and apparatus for ascertaining the density of a body of fibrous material |
| US4733080A (en) * | 1985-03-09 | 1988-03-22 | Haigh-Chadwick Limited | Textile structure measurment |
| US4755678A (en) * | 1985-05-06 | 1988-07-05 | The University Of Alabama | Simultaneous measurement of moisture content and basis weight of paper sheet with a submillimeter laser |
| US4767935A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-08-30 | Measurex Corporation | System and method for measurement of traveling webs |
| US4786817A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-11-22 | Measurex Corporation | System and method for measurement of traveling webs |
| US5019710A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1991-05-28 | Measurex Corporation | Optical system for detecting properties of traveling sheet materials |
| US5142151A (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1992-08-25 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Method for measuring degree of cure of resin in a composite material and process for making the same |
| US5319200A (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1994-06-07 | Zeltex, Inc. | Rapid near-infrared measurement of nonhomogeneous samples |
| US5410154A (en) * | 1991-11-11 | 1995-04-25 | Broicher; Heribert F. | Device for detecting quality alterations in bulk goods transported on moving belt conveyors |
| NL1005265C2 (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-08-18 | Hoogovens Staal Bv | Method for surface fault detection in a moving belt. |
| DE19733454A1 (en) * | 1997-08-02 | 1999-02-04 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Method and device for detecting and correcting a fiber orientation cross profile change |
| WO2000031521A1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-02 | Honeywell Inc. | Non-scanning, on-line multiple wavelength sheet monitoring system |
| US20030222219A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-12-04 | Metso Automation Oy | Method and apparatus for controlling moisture profile of moving paper web |
| DE102006050839B3 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-02-14 | Fagus-Grecon Greten Gmbh & Co Kg | Device for testing flat material has housing for radiation fan that expands towards radiation detector and that is filled gas tight with gas transparent to radiation |
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| US2946253A (en) * | 1955-10-31 | 1960-07-26 | Jr Melville Clark | Photoelectric apparatus for generating musical tones |
| US3228282A (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1966-01-11 | Brun Corp | Apparatus for measuring and recording basis weight of paper and the like |
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1973
- 1973-06-11 US US00369066A patent/US3806730A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2946253A (en) * | 1955-10-31 | 1960-07-26 | Jr Melville Clark | Photoelectric apparatus for generating musical tones |
| US3228282A (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1966-01-11 | Brun Corp | Apparatus for measuring and recording basis weight of paper and the like |
Cited By (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4041321A (en) * | 1974-11-04 | 1977-08-09 | Robert Housu Linard | Measuring apparatus |
| US4002919A (en) * | 1974-11-04 | 1977-01-11 | Robert Linard | Scanning apparatus for measuring the dimension of an object |
| DE2635347A1 (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1977-02-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | MEASUREMENT ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD |
| US4085928A (en) * | 1976-01-02 | 1978-04-25 | Arthur Sussman | Folding system with photoelectric detection means |
| FR2369560A1 (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1978-05-26 | Ici Ltd | Detector for irregularities in continuous plastic webs - monitoring light reflection using optical fibres for irradiation and reflection |
| US4289964A (en) * | 1980-01-24 | 1981-09-15 | Intec Corporation | Radiation inspection system for a material making apparatus and method using a beta ray gauge |
| DE3102198A1 (en) * | 1980-01-24 | 1981-11-19 | Intec Corp., Trumbull, Conn. | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INSPECTING A MOVING TAPE |
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