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US3892676A - Detergent compositions containing methane diphosphonic acid compounds - Google Patents

Detergent compositions containing methane diphosphonic acid compounds Download PDF

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US3892676A
US3892676A US818802A US81880269A US3892676A US 3892676 A US3892676 A US 3892676A US 818802 A US818802 A US 818802A US 81880269 A US81880269 A US 81880269A US 3892676 A US3892676 A US 3892676A
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Prior art keywords
hydroxymethane
detergent
diphosphonate
diphosphonic acid
methane
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US818802A
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Edward G Budnick
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Plains Chemical Development Co
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Plains Chemical Development Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C11D3/361—Phosphonates, phosphinates or phosphonites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/3839—Polyphosphonic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C11D3/367—Organic compounds containing phosphorus containing halogen

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the novel detergent compositions and to novel polyphosphonic acids and salts thereof.
  • methane diphosphonic acid and its alkali metal salts have been proposed in the past to employ methane diphosphonic acid and its alkali metal salts in detergent compositions (Orthner, German Pat. No. 1,045,373, Dec. 4, 1958).
  • methane diphosphonic acid and its salts are relatively expensive to produce. While methane diphosphonic acid is a good builder and calcium sequestering agent, these properties can be improved upon. It is also desirable to have increased solubility in the sequestering agent.
  • An additional object is to prepare detergent compositions containing polyphosphates having a reduced ten dency to revert to phosphoric acid.
  • Another object is to develop detergent compositions containing phosphonates superior to methane diphosphonic acid and its salts as sequestering agents for calcium ions.
  • a further object is to prepare phosphonate coontaining detergent compositions having improved stability.
  • Yet another object is to prepare detergent compositions having improved ability to remove sebum stains.
  • a still further object is to prepare phosphonate containing detergent compositions wherein the phosphonate has a lower surface tension than methane diphosphonic acid and its salts.
  • Another object is to prepare detergent compositions containing alkali metal phosphonates more nearly neutral than the alkali metal salts of methane diphosphonic acid.
  • X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, aryl (e.g., phenyl or alkylphenyl), chloroalkyl or chloroaryl (e.g., chlorophenyl);
  • Y is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, phenyl, chlorine and bromine and Z is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, hydrogen, chlorine and bromine.
  • Examples of phosphonic acids and their salts useful in the detergent compositions of the present invention are chloromethane diphosphonic acid, dichloromethane diphosphonic acid, bromomethane diphosphonic acid, dibromomethane diphosphonic acid, chloromethane triphosphonic acid, bromomethane triphosphonic acid, methane triphosphonic acid, methane tetraphosphonic acid, hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid (also called methyl hydroxymethylene diphosphonic acid or l-methyl-l-hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid), ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, butyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, isopropyl hydroxymethane diphos phonic acid, pentyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, iso
  • the phosphonic acids used in the present invention have 4, 6 or 8 acidic hydrogen atoms (Formulae I, II and III respectively) in making the salts one or more of the acidic hydrogen atoms can be replaced by the alkali metal or ammonium ion in forming the salts.
  • the acidic hydrogen atoms are replaced in making the salt and unless otherwise indicated when reference is made to a salt in the present specification, all of the acidic hydrogen atoms are replaced.
  • the invention includes the use of the partial as well as the complete salts, e.g., monosodium methane tetraphosphonate, disodium methane tetraphosphonate, trisodium methane tetraphosphonate, tetrasodium methane tetraphos phonate, pentasodium methane tetraphosphonate, hexasodium methane tetraphosphonate, heptasodium methane tetraphosphonate, octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, mono potassium methane tetraphosphonate, tetra potassium methane tetraphosphonate, octa potassium methane tetraphosphonate, mono ammonium methane tetraphosphonate, octa ammonium methane tetraphosphonate,
  • the partial as well as the complete salts e.g.,
  • the acids and salts em ployed in the present invention are old as shown for example, in Blaser U.S. Pat. No. 3,122,417 and Schiefer U.S. Pat. No. 3,149,151.
  • the acids and salts can be prepared by the methods shown in Schiefer.
  • Many of the free acids can also be formed by hydrolyzing the corresponding esters such as the esters shown in Schmidt U.S. Pat. No. 2,848,475, for example.
  • a lower alkyl ester is employed for such a hydrolysis and aqueous hydrochloric acid is used as the hydrolyzing agent as is illustrated infra.
  • the alkali metal or ammonium salts are formed by dissolving the free acid in aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide and evaporating to dryness, e.g., by spray drying. Sufficient alkali is employed to neutralize from one up to all the acid groups available on the phosphonic acid.
  • the free methane triphosphonic acid, methane tetraphosphonic acid, chloromethane triphosphonic acid, chloromethane diphosphonic acid and dichloromethane diphosphonic acid and their salts can be prepared in the manner set forth in my copending application Ser. No. 482,257, filed Aug. 24, 1965, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,471,552.
  • the methane triphosphonic acid, methane tetraphosphonic acid, chloromethane triphosphonic acid and phenyl methane triphosphonic acid and their alkali metal salts are better phosphonic acid builders in the detergent compositions than methane diphosphonic acid and its alkali metal salts and also sequester more calcium and magnesium ions, for example than does methane diphosphonic acid or its alkali metal salts.
  • the alkali metal salts also are more nearly neutral since the tri and tetra phosphonic acids are stronger acids than methane diphosphonic acid.
  • the hydroxy containing methane diphosphonic acids and alkali metal salts of the present invention e.g., methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and their alkali metal salts, have better solubility than the corresponding methane diphosphonic acid or its salts. Additionally the hydroxy containing compounds have better stability and complex formation properties due to hydrogen bonding available through the hydroxy] hydrogen.
  • the chlorine containing polyphosphonic acids (and salts) used in the present invention have improved sebum stain removing properties than the corresponding methane diphosphonic acid (and salts).
  • the alkyl and alkenyl methane diphosphonic acids (and salts) having at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl group have surface activity and lower surface tension properties in their own right which are not exhibited by methane diphosphonic acid or lower alkyl or alkenyl methane diphosphonic acids (or their salts).
  • the alkyl group has at least 10 carbon atoms, most preferably at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • the aryl methane diphosphonic acids (and salts) also exhibit these lower surface tension and surface activity properties.
  • the aryl containing compounds e.g., phenyl methane diphosphonic acid, phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and phenyl methane triphosphonic acid (and their salts) are superior for metal extraction, e.g., extraction of gold, silver, vanadium, molybdenum, copper, nickel and iron.
  • polyphosphonic acids (and salts) of the present invention are valuable in prevention of the reversion of polyphosphates, e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate, and pyrophosphates, e.g., tetra potassium pyrophosphate.
  • polyphosphates e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate
  • pyrophosphates e.g., tetra potassium pyrophosphate.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention normally contain 5 of detergent, usually 10 50%; and 10 80% of builder, usually 20- 60%.
  • the builder can be from 0.5 of the polyphosphonates (substituted methane) of the present invention with the balance being conventional phosphates, polyphosphates and pyrophosphates. If desired, some methane diphosphonic acid or its alkali metal salts can be included.
  • Silicates can be used as corrosion inhibitors in an amount of 1 30%, usually 2 10% of the composition or they can be omitted.
  • Borax can be added as a water softener in an amount of l 40% or it can be omitted.
  • the detergents can be anionic, cationic or nonionic. Preferably they are anionic.
  • detergents examples include sodium stearate (soap), sodium palmitate, sodium elaidate, potassium stearate, potassium oleate, sodium oleate, higher alkylaryl sulfonates containing 8 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, e.g., higher alkyl benzene sulfonates, higher alkyl toluene sulfonates, and higher alkyl phenol sulfonates.
  • sodium decylbenzene sulfonate sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, potassium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium keryl sulfonate, sodium nonyl benzene sulfonate, sodium decylphenol sulfonate, potassium pentadecyl benzene sulfonate, ammonium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, triethanolamine decyl benzene sulfonate, monoethanolamine dodecyl toluene sulfonate, sodium octadecyl benzene sulfonate, diethanolamine tetradecyl benzene sulfonate.
  • alkali metal salts e.g., the sodium or potassium salts
  • ammonium or amine salts are used.
  • the alkyl groups can be branched or straight chain depending upon the method of manufacturing the higher alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid as is well known in the art.
  • anionic detergents include normally and secondary higher alkyl sulfate detergents, particularly the alkali metal salts of such sulfates, those having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue such as sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium coconut fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium octanyl sulfate, sodium alkyl (C C, sulfate, as well as the corresponding long chain aliphatic sulfonates, e.g., sodium octanyl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium tetradecyl sulfonate, sodium octadecyl sulfonate, potassium dodecyl sulfonate, ammonium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium decyl sulfonate, higher alky
  • Suds builders can be added such as alkylolamides, e.g., alkyl (Cg-C18) monoethanolamide, higher fatty alcohols, e.g., stearyl alcohol. and oleyl alcohol, cationic detergents such as lauramidodipropyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and Ndiethylamino oleylamide hydrochloride.
  • alkylolamides e.g., alkyl (Cg-C18) monoethanolamide
  • higher fatty alcohols e.g., stearyl alcohol.
  • oleyl alcohol e.g., stearyl alcohol
  • cationic detergents such as lauramidodipropyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and Ndiethylamino oleylamide hydrochloride.
  • any of the conventional phosphate builders can be included and the polyphosphonates of the present invention reduce to the tendency of the polyphosphates toward reversion.
  • phosphate builders are sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium and tripolyphosphate, pentapotassium tripolyphosphate.
  • any of the conventional alkali metal silicate builders can also be employed in addition to or in place of the polyphosphates.
  • suitable silicates have an alkali oxide to silica ratio within the range of from 1:1 to 1:4 and preferably from about 1:2 to 1:3.
  • sodium silicates having an Na O to SiO mole ratio of 1:2.35; 1:2.5, 1:3.2, 1:2.0; l:l.6 and 1:1.
  • Borax and sodium carbonate can also be present and normally there is also present some sodium sulfate or potassium sulfate in the detergent.
  • Brighteners and other conventional additives to detergent composition can also be present.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • EXAMPLE 1 166.2 grams (1 mole) triethyl phosphate was added dropwise with stirring to 78.4 grams 1 mole) of acetyl chloride over a period of 30 minutes at a temperature of 30 to 35C. maintained by cooling. Ethyl chloride was evolved. The temperature was increased to 60C. over the next 1 hour and minutes, at which time the evolution of ethyl chloride was complete. The product was distilled under vacuum yielding 176 grams of diethyl acetylphosphonate (DEAP) in 98%, yield, B.P. about C. at 5 mm. and having a refractive index of 1.4240 at 200C.
  • DEAP diethyl acetylphosphonate
  • EXAMPLE 3 There are charged into the reaction vessel 23.0 grams (1.0 mole) of sodium metal along with 90 cc. of xylene and 80 cc. of tetrahydrofurane. The vessel was placed under a nitrogen blanket and 138.10 grams (1.0 mole) of diethyl phosphite added over a 35 minute period. An exothermic reaction ensued which was maintained at 62C. by external cooling. After addition was complete the mixture was heated to 100C. and held there until all of the sodium metal was gone. The mixture was cooled to 60 to 70C. and 80.50 grams (0.5 mole) of benzal chloride were added gradually over a 25 mintue period. An exothermic reaction ensued which was maintained at 60 70C.
  • the mixture was then heated for 4 hours at 70 to 75C., cooled to 60C.
  • the liquid material was separated from the solid and the solid boiled 8 times with 100 cc. of benzene to extract the organic material.
  • the eluate product was then distilled, terminal conditions being a pot temperature of 201C., distillate temperature 125C.
  • EXAMPLE 4 There were mixed together 23.0 grams 1.0 mole) of sodium metal along with 90 cc. of xylene and 80 cc. of tetrahydrofurane and the mixture placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. There were then added over a 35 minute period 138.10 grams (1.0 mole) of diethyl phosphite using external cooling to control the reaction exotherm and maintain the temperature a 60 to 65C. After addition was complete the mixture was heated to 100C. and maintained there for about 1 hour until there was no more sodium. The mixture was cooled to 60C. and there was started the addition of 64.5 grams (0.33 mole) of benzotrichloride (a,a,a-trichlorotoluene).
  • the exothermic reaction was cooled to maintain the temperature at 60 to 65C. during the 25 minute addition period.
  • the mixture was heated at 70 to 75C. for 7 hours and the sodium chloride filtered off.
  • the product in the pot was then subjected to distillation, terminal conditions being a pot temperature of 205C, distillate temperature 125C. and pressure 4 mm.
  • the solid residue in the pot was hexaethyl phenyl methane triphosphonate. This product was hydrolyzed and the hydrolysis product purified as in Example 1 to obtain phenyl methane triphosphonic acid.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated replacing the acetyl chloride by equal molar amounts of (a) propionyl chloride, (b) butyryl chloride, isobutyryl chloride, (d) pentanoyl chloride, (e) caproyl chloride, (f) heptanoyl chloride, (g) octanoyl chloride, (h) nonanoyl chloride, (i) isodecanoyl chloride, (j) decanoyl chloride, (k) undecanoyl chloride, (1) dodecanoyl chloride, (m) tridecanoyl chloride, (n) hexadecanoyl chloride, (0) octadecanoyl chloride, (p) octadecenoyl chloride, (q) naphthanoyl chloride, (r) chloroacetyl chloride, dichloroacetyl chloride and (t)
  • EXAMPLE 8 To 1 mole of phenyl methane diphosphonic acid there were added 4 moles of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture was evaporated to dryness to produce tetrasodium phenyl methane diphosphonate.
  • Example 10 The procedure of Example 6 was repeated replacing the methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid by each of the diphosphonic acids prepared in Example 5 (a) through (t) to produce respectively, (a) tetrasodium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (b) tetrasodium propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (c) tetrasodium isopropyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (d) tetrasodium butyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (e) tetrasodium pentyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (f) tetrasodium hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (g) tetrasodium heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (h) tetrasodium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (i) tetrasodium is
  • Ultrawet H is potassium xylene sulfonate.
  • EXAMPLE 1 1 The addition of 1% methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid to sodium tripolyphosphate reduced its reversion to phosphate from 11 to 3% in boiling water over a 3 minute period. Similar results were obtained using 1% of tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
  • methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid there can also be used in this example the same amount of (a) octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (b) tetrasodium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (c) methane triphosphonic acid, ((1) hexasodium methane triphosphonate, (e) methane tetraphosphonic acid, (f) octapotassium methane tetraphosphonate, (g) chloromethane triphosphonic acid, (h) disodium dichloromethane diphosphonate, (i) phenyl hyroxymethane diphosphonic acid. (j) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, and (k) phenyl methane diphosphonic acid.
  • EXAMPLE 13 A detergency test with 0.10% Ultrawet K and increasing amounts of methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid at pH 9.5 in water showed that methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid was superior to phytic acid and sodium tripolyphosphate at every concentration tested, namely, from 0.05 to 0.30%. This superiority was also noted for methane triphosphonic acid, methane tetraphosphonic acid and chloromethane triphosphonic acid when used in the same conditions.
  • EXAMPLE 14 EXAMPLE 15 Fab is a commercial detergent comprising Alfol 14-18 (a mixture of 14-18 carbon atom alkyl alcohols), LAS (linear alkane sulfonates containing 10-18 carbon atoms), KXS (potassium xylene sulfonate) and TKPP (tetrapotassium pyrophosphate). To improve the detergency power of Fab there was added 10% of methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid.
  • the detergency power of Fab was also improved by adding 10% of each of the following materials (a) tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (b) trisodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (c) trisodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (d) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (e) octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (f) hexapotassium methane triphosphonate, (g) tetrasodium chloromethane diphosphonate, (h) tetrasodium decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate or (i) disodium octadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
  • EXAMPLE 16 30 parts Sodium tripolyphosphate -Continued Sodium sulfate 14 parts Sodium silicate parts Tctrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate 25 parts This mixture can be dissolved in water to give a 0.2%
  • Example 16 in place of the diphosphonate in Example 16 there can be used an equivalent amount of (a) octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (b) tetrasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (c) hexasodium methane triphosphonate, (d) hexapotassium chloromethane triphosphonate, (e) tetrasodium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (f) tetrapotassium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (g) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, or (h) tetrasodium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
  • EXAMPLE 17 Sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate 30 parts Octasodium methane tetraphosphonate 50 parts This mixture can be dissolvedd in water to give a 0.2% detergent solution. In place of the tetraphosphonate there can be used in equal amount of (a) tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (b) trisodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (c)
  • EXAMPLE 18 Sodium stearate 60 parts Soda ash 15 parts Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 5 parts Methane tetraphosphonic acid 10 parts This mixture also was a good detergent at 0.2% concentration. Soil redeposition properties of the composition were enhanced by adding 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • Example 18 in place of the methane tetraphosphonic acid in Example 18 there can be used an equal amount of (a) octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (b) methane triphosphonic acid, (0) hexasodium methane triphosphonate, (d) tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (e) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, or (f) tetrasodium isononyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
  • EXAMPLE 19 Sodium hexadecane sulfonate 15 parts Sodium tripolyphosphate 5 parts Tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate 5 parts Soda ash 5 parts EXAMPLE 20 Sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate 40 parts Sodium tripolyphosphate 15 parts Tnsodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate 20 parts -Continued Sodium silicate parts Sodium sulfate 15 parts Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.3 part Polyvinyl alcohol (viscosity 2.34 centipoises.
  • triphosphonate there can be used in this example the same amount of (a) tetrasodium propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (b) octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (c) tetrasodium decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, or (d) tetrasodium trichloromethyl diphosphonate.
  • EXAMPLE 23 Sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate 8 parts Nonylphenol-ethylene oxide adduct 6 parts Sodium tripolyphosphates 15 parts Tetrasodium methane triphosphonate 20 parts Cetyl alcohol 0.8 part Sodium silicate 3.0 parts Sodium sulfate 37.8 parts Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.3 part Polyvinyl alcohol 0.13 part EXAMPLE 24 Sodium hardened tallow alcohol sulfate 10 parts Pentasodium tripolyphosphate 15 parts Tetrasodium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate 20 parts Sodium silicate 10 parts Sodium carbonate 15 parts 0.5 part 19.45 parts What is claimed is:
  • a detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble synthetic detergent and mixtures thereof and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methane hydroxy diphosphonic acid.
  • a detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble synthetic detergent and mixtures thereof and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methane hydroxy diphosphonic acid in an amount of 5 to 90% of detergent and -10% of builder.
  • a detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble synthetic detergent and hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof.
  • composition according to claim 3 wherein the detergent is an anionic detergent selected from the group consisting of sulfate and sulfonate detergents and soap.
  • composition according to claim 1 including an alkali metal polyphosphate builder.
  • composition according to claim 3 including a nonionic detergent.
  • composition according to claim 3 including an alkali metal polyphosphate builder.
  • a composition according to claim 3 consisting essentially of the detergent, hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid phosphorus compound and at least one member of the group consisting of alkali metal phosphate builders, silicates and alkali metal borates.
  • a composition according to claim 3 dissolved in water.
  • a detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble, organic surface-active detergent selected from the group consisting of an anionic and nonionic detergent; and mixtures thereof and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methanehydroxydiphosphonic acid in an amount of 5 to of detergent and 80-10% of builder.
  • a liquid detergent composition consisting essentially of water, an organic water soluble organic detergent and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methanehydroxydiphosphonic acid, the ratio, by weight, of said detergent to said builder being in the range of from 2:1 to 1:3.

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Abstract

Compositions are prepared containing a detergent and hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid on an alkali metal or ammonium salt of such acid. Conventional phosphate builders can be included.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 Budnick July 1, 1975 [5 DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS [56] References Cited CONTAINING METHANE DIPIIOSPHONIC UNITED STATES PATENTS ACID COMPOUNDS 3,159,581 12/1964 Diehl 252/l52 [75] Inventor: Edward G. Budnick, Roselle, NJ. 3,297,578 1/1967 Crutchfield et al... 252/99 3,344,077 9/l967 lrani et ill. 252/137 [73] Asstgnee: Plains Chemical Development Co.,
Roselle Primary Examiner-Leon D. Rosdol [22] Filed: Apr. 23, 1969 Assistant Examiner-P. E. Willis [21] Appl NO 818 802 Attorney, Agent, or FirmCushman, Darby &
' Cushman Related U.S. Application Data Compositions are prepared containing a detergent and [52] US. Cl. 252/109; 252/531; 252/539; hydr Xymethane diphosphonic acid on an alkali metal 252/550; 252/558 or ammonium salt of such acid. Conventional phos- [51] Int. Cl. C1 1d 1/04; C1 1d 3/36 ph buil rs c n be included. [58] Field of Search 252/138, 161, 89
13 Claims, N0 Drawings 1 DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING METHANE DIPIIOSPIIONIC ACID COMPOUNDS The present application is a division of application Ser. No. 485,624, filed Sept. 7, 1965 now US. Pat. No. 3,471,406.
This invention relates to the novel detergent compositions and to novel polyphosphonic acids and salts thereof.
It has been proposed in the past to employ methane diphosphonic acid and its alkali metal salts in detergent compositions (Orthner, German Pat. No. 1,045,373, Dec. 4, 1958). Unfortunately, however, methane diphosphonic acid and its salts are relatively expensive to produce. While methane diphosphonic acid is a good builder and calcium sequestering agent, these properties can be improved upon. It is also desirable to have increased solubility in the sequestering agent.
It is an object of the present invention to prepare improved detergent compositions. Another object is to prepare detergent compositions containing a phosphorus compound having a greater binding power for calcium ions than either alkali metal pyrophosphates or alkali metal tripolyphosphates.
An additional object is to prepare detergent compositions containing polyphosphates having a reduced ten dency to revert to phosphoric acid.
Another object is to develop detergent compositions containing phosphonates superior to methane diphosphonic acid and its salts as sequestering agents for calcium ions.
A further object is to prepare phosphonate coontaining detergent compositions having improved stability.
Yet another object is to prepare detergent compositions having improved ability to remove sebum stains.
A still further object is to prepare phosphonate containing detergent compositions wherein the phosphonate has a lower surface tension than methane diphosphonic acid and its salts.
Another object is to prepare detergent compositions containing alkali metal phosphonates more nearly neutral than the alkali metal salts of methane diphosphonic acid.
Still further objects and the entire scope of applicability of the present invention will becomeapparent from the detailed description given hereinafter; it should be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
It has now been found that these objects can be attained by employing detergent compositions containing polyphosphonic acids and/or alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof having one of the formulae -Continued where R,, R R R R R,,, R; and R are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metal (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium or cesium) or ammonium; X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, chlorine, bromine, aryl (e.g., phenyl or alkylphenyl), chloroalkyl or chloroaryl (e.g., chlorophenyl); Y is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, phenyl, chlorine and bromine and Z is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, hydrogen, chlorine and bromine.
Examples of phosphonic acids and their salts useful in the detergent compositions of the present invention are chloromethane diphosphonic acid, dichloromethane diphosphonic acid, bromomethane diphosphonic acid, dibromomethane diphosphonic acid, chloromethane triphosphonic acid, bromomethane triphosphonic acid, methane triphosphonic acid, methane tetraphosphonic acid, hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid (also called methyl hydroxymethylene diphosphonic acid or l-methyl-l-hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid), ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, butyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, isopropyl hydroxymethane diphos phonic acid, pentyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, isoheptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, nonyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, undecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, dodecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, tridecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, tetradecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, pentadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, octadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, nonadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, vinyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, isopropenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, dichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, phenyl methane diphosphonic acid, phenyl methane triphosphonic acid, naphthyl hydroxy methane diphosphonic acid, pchlorophenyl hydroxy methane diphosphonic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl hydroxy methane diphosphonic acid, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl hydroxy methane diphosphonic acid, isononyl hydroxy methane diphosphonic acid and the alkali metal and ammonium salts of such phosphonic acids.
Since the phosphonic acids used in the present invention have 4, 6 or 8 acidic hydrogen atoms (Formulae I, II and III respectively) in making the salts one or more of the acidic hydrogen atoms can be replaced by the alkali metal or ammonium ion in forming the salts. Usually all of the acidic hydrogen atoms are replaced in making the salt and unless otherwise indicated when reference is made to a salt in the present specification, all of the acidic hydrogen atoms are replaced. However, it should be understood that this is not an essential part of the present invention and the invention includes the use of the partial as well as the complete salts, e.g., monosodium methane tetraphosphonate, disodium methane tetraphosphonate, trisodium methane tetraphosphonate, tetrasodium methane tetraphos phonate, pentasodium methane tetraphosphonate, hexasodium methane tetraphosphonate, heptasodium methane tetraphosphonate, octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, mono potassium methane tetraphosphonate, tetra potassium methane tetraphosphonate, octa potassium methane tetraphosphonate, mono ammonium methane tetraphosphonate, octa ammonium methane tetraphosphonate, monosodium methane triphosphonate, trisodium methane triphosphonate, pentasodium methane triphosphonate, hexasodium methane triphosphonate, di potassium methane triphosphonate, tetra potassium methane triphosphonate, hexa potassium methane triphosphonate, mono ammonium methane triphosphonate, hexa ammonium methane triphosphonate, monosodium chloromethane triphosphonate, tetrasodium chloromethane triphosphonate, hexasodium chloromethane triphosphonate, mono potassium chloromethane triphosphonate, tri ammonium chloromethane triphosphonate, hexa ammonium chloromethane triphosphonate, monosodium chloromethane diphosphonate, disodium chloromethane diphosphonate, trisodium chloromethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium chloromethane diphosphonate, mono potassium chloromethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium chloromethane diphosphonate, di ammonium chloromethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium chloromethane diphosphonate, monosodium dichloromethane diphosphonate, disodium dichloromethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium dichloromethane diphosphonate, tri potassium dichloromethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium dichloromethane diphosphonate, mono ammonium dichloromethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium dichloromethane diphosphonate, monosodium phenyl methane triphosphonate, trisodium phenyl methane triphosphonate, hexasodium phenyl methane triphosphonate, tetra potassium phenyl methane triphosphonate, hexa potassium phenyl methane triphosphonate, hexa ammonium phenyl methane triphosphonate, tetrasodium hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, disodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, trisodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, potassium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, diammonium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tri potassium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, dipotassium propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tri ammonium propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, disodium isopropyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium isopropyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium dichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, mono potassium chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, di potassium chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, mono potassium dichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, disodium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate mono potassium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, diammonium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium butyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tri potassium butyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, mono ammonium butyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium pentyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium pentyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, di potassium pentyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, trisodium hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, disodium heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, mono potassium heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tri ammonium heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, trisodium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium nonyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium nonyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium nonyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, disodium nonyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, di potassium decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, mono ammonium decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium isononyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium isononyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, trisodium undecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium undecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium undecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium undecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium dodecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium tridecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium tetradecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium pentadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, trisodium pentadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium pentadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, di potassium pentadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium pentadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium hexadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, disodium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, trisodium heptadecyl hydroxy methane diphosphonate, tetrasodium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, mono potassium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, mono ammonium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium octadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium nonadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium nonadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium nonadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium vinyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate. tetra potassium isopropenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, disodium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, trisodium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, mono potassium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, di ammonium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium naphthyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, disodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, trisodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, di potassium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, monosodium phenyl methane diphosphonate, disodium phenyl methane diphosphonate, trisodium phenyl methane diphosphonate, tetrasodium phenyl methane diphosphonate, tetra potassium phenyl methane diphosphonate, tetra ammonium phenyl methane diphosphonate, tetrasodium p-chlorophenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetrasodium 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, tetra potassium 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
Some of the polyphosphonic acids and salts em ployed in the present invention are old as shown for example, in Blaser U.S. Pat. No. 3,122,417 and Schiefer U.S. Pat. No. 3,149,151. In general the acids and salts can be prepared by the methods shown in Schiefer. Many of the free acids can also be formed by hydrolyzing the corresponding esters such as the esters shown in Schmidt U.S. Pat. No. 2,848,475, for example. Preferably a lower alkyl ester is employed for such a hydrolysis and aqueous hydrochloric acid is used as the hydrolyzing agent as is illustrated infra. In such case the alkali metal or ammonium salts are formed by dissolving the free acid in aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide and evaporating to dryness, e.g., by spray drying. Sufficient alkali is employed to neutralize from one up to all the acid groups available on the phosphonic acid. The free methane triphosphonic acid, methane tetraphosphonic acid, chloromethane triphosphonic acid, chloromethane diphosphonic acid and dichloromethane diphosphonic acid and their salts can be prepared in the manner set forth in my copending application Ser. No. 482,257, filed Aug. 24, 1965, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,471,552.
The methane triphosphonic acid, methane tetraphosphonic acid, chloromethane triphosphonic acid and phenyl methane triphosphonic acid and their alkali metal salts are better phosphonic acid builders in the detergent compositions than methane diphosphonic acid and its alkali metal salts and also sequester more calcium and magnesium ions, for example than does methane diphosphonic acid or its alkali metal salts. The alkali metal salts also are more nearly neutral since the tri and tetra phosphonic acids are stronger acids than methane diphosphonic acid.
The hydroxy containing methane diphosphonic acids and alkali metal salts of the present invention, e.g., methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and their alkali metal salts, have better solubility than the corresponding methane diphosphonic acid or its salts. Additionally the hydroxy containing compounds have better stability and complex formation properties due to hydrogen bonding available through the hydroxy] hydrogen. The chlorine containing polyphosphonic acids (and salts) used in the present invention have improved sebum stain removing properties than the corresponding methane diphosphonic acid (and salts).
The alkyl and alkenyl methane diphosphonic acids (and salts) having at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl group have surface activity and lower surface tension properties in their own right which are not exhibited by methane diphosphonic acid or lower alkyl or alkenyl methane diphosphonic acids (or their salts). Preferably the alkyl group has at least 10 carbon atoms, most preferably at least 12 carbon atoms.
The aryl methane diphosphonic acids (and salts) also exhibit these lower surface tension and surface activity properties. The aryl containing compounds, e.g., phenyl methane diphosphonic acid, phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and phenyl methane triphosphonic acid (and their salts) are superior for metal extraction, e.g., extraction of gold, silver, vanadium, molybdenum, copper, nickel and iron.
All of the polyphosphonic acids (and salts) of the present invention are valuable in prevention of the reversion of polyphosphates, e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate, and pyrophosphates, e.g., tetra potassium pyrophosphate.
Unless otherwise indicated all parts and percentages are by weight.
The detergent compositions of the present invention normally contain 5 of detergent, usually 10 50%; and 10 80% of builder, usually 20- 60%. The builder can be from 0.5 of the polyphosphonates (substituted methane) of the present invention with the balance being conventional phosphates, polyphosphates and pyrophosphates. If desired, some methane diphosphonic acid or its alkali metal salts can be included.
Silicates can be used as corrosion inhibitors in an amount of 1 30%, usually 2 10% of the composition or they can be omitted. Borax can be added as a water softener in an amount of l 40% or it can be omitted.
The detergents can be anionic, cationic or nonionic. Preferably they are anionic.
Examples of suitable detergents are sodium stearate (soap), sodium palmitate, sodium elaidate, potassium stearate, potassium oleate, sodium oleate, higher alkylaryl sulfonates containing 8 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, e.g., higher alkyl benzene sulfonates, higher alkyl toluene sulfonates, and higher alkyl phenol sulfonates. Thus there can be used sodium decylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, potassium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium keryl sulfonate, sodium nonyl benzene sulfonate, sodium decylphenol sulfonate, potassium pentadecyl benzene sulfonate, ammonium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, triethanolamine decyl benzene sulfonate, monoethanolamine dodecyl toluene sulfonate, sodium octadecyl benzene sulfonate, diethanolamine tetradecyl benzene sulfonate. Normally the alkali metal salts, e.g., the sodium or potassium salts, of the higher alkyl aromatic sulfonic acids are used but as indicated ammonium or amine salts are used. The alkyl groups can be branched or straight chain depending upon the method of manufacturing the higher alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid as is well known in the art.
Other anionic detergents include normally and secondary higher alkyl sulfate detergents, particularly the alkali metal salts of such sulfates, those having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue such as sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, sodium coconut fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium octanyl sulfate, sodium alkyl (C C, sulfate, as well as the corresponding long chain aliphatic sulfonates, e.g., sodium octanyl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium tetradecyl sulfonate, sodium octadecyl sulfonate, potassium dodecyl sulfonate, ammonium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium decyl sulfonate, higher alkyl ether sulfates, higher alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, higher alkyl phenol polyethylene oxide sulfates, polyoxyethyl ethers of fatty alcohols, polyethylene oxide condensates with higher alkyl phenols such as isooctyl and nonyl phenol condensed with 8 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide, preferably about 10, and polyethylene condensates with hydrophobic polypropylene glycols e.g., pluronic L-64, sodium o-xylene sulfonate, potassium xylene sulfonate, potassium tertiary octylbenzene sulfonate, potassium dodecyl toluene sulfonate, sodium pxylylene sulfonate, sodium propyl nappthalene sulfonate, sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate.
Suds builders can be added such as alkylolamides, e.g., alkyl (Cg-C18) monoethanolamide, higher fatty alcohols, e.g., stearyl alcohol. and oleyl alcohol, cationic detergents such as lauramidodipropyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and Ndiethylamino oleylamide hydrochloride.
As indicated any of the conventional phosphate builders can be included and the polyphosphonates of the present invention reduce to the tendency of the polyphosphates toward reversion. Examples of phosphate builders are sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium and tripolyphosphate, pentapotassium tripolyphosphate.
Any of the conventional alkali metal silicate builders can also be employed in addition to or in place of the polyphosphates. Typical examples of suitable silicates have an alkali oxide to silica ratio within the range of from 1:1 to 1:4 and preferably from about 1:2 to 1:3. Examples are sodium silicates having an Na O to SiO mole ratio of 1:2.35; 1:2.5, 1:3.2, 1:2.0; l:l.6 and 1:1.
Borax and sodium carbonate can also be present and normally there is also present some sodium sulfate or potassium sulfate in the detergent.
Brighteners and other conventional additives to detergent composition can also be present. Thus there can be used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
EXAMPLE 1 166.2 grams (1 mole) triethyl phosphate was added dropwise with stirring to 78.4 grams 1 mole) of acetyl chloride over a period of 30 minutes at a temperature of 30 to 35C. maintained by cooling. Ethyl chloride was evolved. The temperature was increased to 60C. over the next 1 hour and minutes, at which time the evolution of ethyl chloride was complete. The product was distilled under vacuum yielding 176 grams of diethyl acetylphosphonate (DEAP) in 98%, yield, B.P. about C. at 5 mm. and having a refractive index of 1.4240 at 200C.
Then to 1 18.3 grams (0.9 mole) of diethyl phosphite there were added 2.4 grams of sodium metal. The reaction was exothermic at about 60C. when all the sodium had reacted. Then the DEAP was added dropwise over a 15 minute period at 60 to C. Heating was continued and the temperature held at C. for an additional hour. The product was then distilled to give tetraethyl methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate (also called tetraethyl l-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate) in a yield of 285 grams (90%) B.P. to C. at 1.5 mm. 0.9 mole of tetraethyl l-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate was refluxed with 5.4 moles of concentrated hydrochloric acid for '12 hours. Excess acid was removed by stripping under vacuum. 200 ml. of water were added and removed in vacuo, then finally, 200 ml. of benzene were added and the water removed and separated by means ofa Dean and Starke trap and the benzene was distilled over under reduced pressure, yielding 184 grams 100% yield) of methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid as a syrup having a neutralization equivalent of 1080 mg. KOH/gm. (Theory is 1087 mg. KOl-l/gm.); %P 3.05 (Theory 3.01%); C 11.54 (Theory 11.65%); H 2.90 (Theory 2.94%).
EXAMPLE 2 To 140.57 grams (1.0 mole) of benzoyl chloride at 90C. there were added 166.2 grams (1.0 mole) of triethyl phosphite over a period of 1 hour. Ethyl chloride evolution ceased at the end of this period. The unreacted benzoyl chloride and triethyl phosphite were removed by distillation at reduced pressure, terminal conditions being 100C. and 8 mm. leaving a residue of 236 grams (90% yield) of diethyl benzoylphosphonate which was reacted with diethyl sodium phosphite as in Example 1 to produce tetraethyl phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate. This was hydrolyzed and the hydrolysis product purified in the same manner as in Example l to produce phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid as a viscous syrup having an acid number of 822 mg. KOl-l/mg (Theory is 836 mg. KOl-l/gm); P 22.8 (Theory 22.9%).
EXAMPLE 3 There are charged into the reaction vessel 23.0 grams (1.0 mole) of sodium metal along with 90 cc. of xylene and 80 cc. of tetrahydrofurane. The vessel was placed under a nitrogen blanket and 138.10 grams (1.0 mole) of diethyl phosphite added over a 35 minute period. An exothermic reaction ensued which was maintained at 62C. by external cooling. After addition was complete the mixture was heated to 100C. and held there until all of the sodium metal was gone. The mixture was cooled to 60 to 70C. and 80.50 grams (0.5 mole) of benzal chloride were added gradually over a 25 mintue period. An exothermic reaction ensued which was maintained at 60 70C. by external cooling. The mixture was then heated for 4 hours at 70 to 75C., cooled to 60C. The liquid material was separated from the solid and the solid boiled 8 times with 100 cc. of benzene to extract the organic material. The eluate product was then distilled, terminal conditions being a pot temperature of 201C., distillate temperature 125C.
and pressure 6 mm. The solid residue of 70 grams was tetraethyl phenyl methane diphosphonate. This product was hydrolyzed and the hydrolysis product purified as in Example 1 to obtain phenyl methane diphosphonic acid.
EXAMPLE 4 There were mixed together 23.0 grams 1.0 mole) of sodium metal along with 90 cc. of xylene and 80 cc. of tetrahydrofurane and the mixture placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. There were then added over a 35 minute period 138.10 grams (1.0 mole) of diethyl phosphite using external cooling to control the reaction exotherm and maintain the temperature a 60 to 65C. After addition was complete the mixture was heated to 100C. and maintained there for about 1 hour until there was no more sodium. The mixture was cooled to 60C. and there was started the addition of 64.5 grams (0.33 mole) of benzotrichloride (a,a,a-trichlorotoluene). The exothermic reaction was cooled to maintain the temperature at 60 to 65C. during the 25 minute addition period. The mixture was heated at 70 to 75C. for 7 hours and the sodium chloride filtered off. The product in the pot was then subjected to distillation, terminal conditions being a pot temperature of 205C, distillate temperature 125C. and pressure 4 mm. The solid residue in the pot was hexaethyl phenyl methane triphosphonate. This product was hydrolyzed and the hydrolysis product purified as in Example 1 to obtain phenyl methane triphosphonic acid.
EXAMPLE 5 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated replacing the acetyl chloride by equal molar amounts of (a) propionyl chloride, (b) butyryl chloride, isobutyryl chloride, (d) pentanoyl chloride, (e) caproyl chloride, (f) heptanoyl chloride, (g) octanoyl chloride, (h) nonanoyl chloride, (i) isodecanoyl chloride, (j) decanoyl chloride, (k) undecanoyl chloride, (1) dodecanoyl chloride, (m) tridecanoyl chloride, (n) hexadecanoyl chloride, (0) octadecanoyl chloride, (p) octadecenoyl chloride, (q) naphthanoyl chloride, (r) chloroacetyl chloride, dichloroacetyl chloride and (t) trichloroacetyl chloride to produce as the resultant hydrolysis products (a) ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (b) propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (0) isopropyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (d) butyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (e) pentyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (f) hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (g) heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (h) octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (i) isononyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (j) nonyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (k) decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, undecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (m) dodecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (n) pentadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (0) heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (p) heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (q) naphthyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (r) chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (s) dichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and (t) trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid.
EXAMPLE 6 To 1 mole of methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid there were added 4 moles of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture was evaporated to dryness to produce tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
EXAMPLE 7 To 1 mole of phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid there were added 4 moles of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture was evaporated to dryness to produce tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
EXAMPLE 8 To 1 mole of phenyl methane diphosphonic acid there were added 4 moles of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture was evaporated to dryness to produce tetrasodium phenyl methane diphosphonate.
EXAMPLE 9 To 1 mole of phenyl methane triphosphonic acid there were added 6 moles of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture was evaporated to dryness to produce hexasodium phenyl methane triphosphonate,
EXAMPLE 10 The procedure of Example 6 was repeated replacing the methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid by each of the diphosphonic acids prepared in Example 5 (a) through (t) to produce respectively, (a) tetrasodium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (b) tetrasodium propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (c) tetrasodium isopropyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (d) tetrasodium butyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (e) tetrasodium pentyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (f) tetrasodium hexyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (g) tetrasodium heptyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (h) tetrasodium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (i) tetrasodium isononyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (j) tetrasodium nonyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (k) tetrasoium decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (l) tetrasodium undecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (m) tetrasodium dodecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (n) tetrasodium pentadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (o) tetrasodium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (p) tetrasodium heptadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (q) tetrasodium naphthyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (r) tetrasodium chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (s) tetrasodium dichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (t) tetrasodium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate. The corresponding potassium and ammonium salts can be prepared by replacing the 10% sodium hydroxide by an equal molar amount of 10% potassium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide.
The following examples illustrate various detergent formulations.
Ultrawet H is potassium xylene sulfonate.
EXAMPLE 1 1 The addition of 1% methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid to sodium tripolyphosphate reduced its reversion to phosphate from 11 to 3% in boiling water over a 3 minute period. Similar results were obtained using 1% of tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate. In place of the methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid there can also be used in this example the same amount of (a) octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (b) tetrasodium octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, (c) methane triphosphonic acid, ((1) hexasodium methane triphosphonate, (e) methane tetraphosphonic acid, (f) octapotassium methane tetraphosphonate, (g) chloromethane triphosphonic acid, (h) disodium dichloromethane diphosphonate, (i) phenyl hyroxymethane diphosphonic acid. (j) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, and (k) phenyl methane diphosphonic acid.
EXAMPLE 12 Octyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid, decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid and their tetrasodium salts each reduced the surface tension of water from 70 dynes/cm. to less than 30 dynes/cm. when used at a concentration of 0.5%.
EXAMPLE 13 A detergency test with 0.10% Ultrawet K and increasing amounts of methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid at pH 9.5 in water showed that methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid was superior to phytic acid and sodium tripolyphosphate at every concentration tested, namely, from 0.05 to 0.30%. This superiority was also noted for methane triphosphonic acid, methane tetraphosphonic acid and chloromethane triphosphonic acid when used in the same conditions.
EXAMPLE 14 EXAMPLE 15 Fab is a commercial detergent comprising Alfol 14-18 (a mixture of 14-18 carbon atom alkyl alcohols), LAS (linear alkane sulfonates containing 10-18 carbon atoms), KXS (potassium xylene sulfonate) and TKPP (tetrapotassium pyrophosphate). To improve the detergency power of Fab there was added 10% of methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid.
The detergency power of Fab was also improved by adding 10% of each of the following materials (a) tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (b) trisodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (c) trisodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (d) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (e) octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (f) hexapotassium methane triphosphonate, (g) tetrasodium chloromethane diphosphonate, (h) tetrasodium decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate or (i) disodium octadecenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
EXAMPLE 16 30 parts Sodium tripolyphosphate -Continued Sodium sulfate 14 parts Sodium silicate parts Tctrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate 25 parts This mixture can be dissolved in water to give a 0.2%
detergent solution.
in place of the diphosphonate in Example 16 there can be used an equivalent amount of (a) octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (b) tetrasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (c) hexasodium methane triphosphonate, (d) hexapotassium chloromethane triphosphonate, (e) tetrasodium trichloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (f) tetrapotassium heptadecyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (g) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, or (h) tetrasodium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
EXAMPLE 17 Sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate 30 parts Octasodium methane tetraphosphonate 50 parts This mixture can be dissolvedd in water to give a 0.2% detergent solution. In place of the tetraphosphonate there can be used in equal amount of (a) tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (b) trisodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (c)
hexasodium methane triphosphonate, (d) tetrasodium dichloromethane diphosphonate, (e) pentasodium phenyl methane triphosphonate, (f) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (g) tetrasodium chloromethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
EXAMPLE 18 Sodium stearate 60 parts Soda ash 15 parts Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 5 parts Methane tetraphosphonic acid 10 parts This mixture also was a good detergent at 0.2% concentration. Soil redeposition properties of the composition were enhanced by adding 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose. in place of the methane tetraphosphonic acid in Example 18 there can be used an equal amount of (a) octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (b) methane triphosphonic acid, (0) hexasodium methane triphosphonate, (d) tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (e) tetrasodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, or (f) tetrasodium isononyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate.
EXAMPLE 19 Sodium hexadecane sulfonate 15 parts Sodium tripolyphosphate 5 parts Tetrasodium methyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate 5 parts Soda ash 5 parts EXAMPLE 20 Sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate 40 parts Sodium tripolyphosphate 15 parts Tnsodium phenyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate 20 parts -Continued Sodium silicate parts Sodium sulfate 15 parts Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.3 part Polyvinyl alcohol (viscosity 2.34 centipoises. 22.371 polyvinyl acetate) 0.3 part EXAMPLE 21 Sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonatc 17 parts Cocoanut monoethanolamide 3 parts Sodium tripolyphosphate 15 parts Hexasodium methane triphosphonate 30 parts Sodium toluene sulfonate 2.4 parts Sodium silicate 5.5 parts Sodium sulfate 18 parts EXAMPLE 22 Nonylphenol-ethylene oxide adduct (9.5 ethylene oxide units) 12 parts Sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate 1.75 parts Sodium tripolyphosphate parts Hexasodium chloromethane triphosphonate 20 parts Sodium sulfate 35 parts Fluorescent dye 0.2 part The sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate had an alkyl group derived from a mixture of propylene tetramer and pentamer and averaged to a tridecyl group.
In place of the triphosphonate there can be used in this example the same amount of (a) tetrasodium propyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, (b) octasodium methane tetraphosphonate, (c) tetrasodium decyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate, or (d) tetrasodium trichloromethyl diphosphonate.
EXAMPLE 23 Sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate 8 parts Nonylphenol-ethylene oxide adduct 6 parts Sodium tripolyphosphates 15 parts Tetrasodium methane triphosphonate 20 parts Cetyl alcohol 0.8 part Sodium silicate 3.0 parts Sodium sulfate 37.8 parts Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.3 part Polyvinyl alcohol 0.13 part EXAMPLE 24 Sodium hardened tallow alcohol sulfate 10 parts Pentasodium tripolyphosphate 15 parts Tetrasodium ethyl hydroxymethane diphosphonate 20 parts Sodium silicate 10 parts Sodium carbonate 15 parts 0.5 part 19.45 parts What is claimed is:
l. A detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble synthetic detergent and mixtures thereof and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methane hydroxy diphosphonic acid.
2. A detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble synthetic detergent and mixtures thereof and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methane hydroxy diphosphonic acid in an amount of 5 to 90% of detergent and -10% of builder.
3. A detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble synthetic detergent and hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof.
4. A composition according to claim 3 where the detergent is an anionic detergent.
5. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the detergent is an anionic detergent selected from the group consisting of sulfate and sulfonate detergents and soap.
6. A composition according to claim 1 including an alkali metal polyphosphate builder.
7. A composition according to claim 3 including a nonionic detergent.
8. A composition according to claim 3 including an alkali metal polyphosphate builder.
9. A composition according to claim 3 consisting essentially of the detergent, hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid phosphorus compound and at least one member of the group consisting of alkali metal phosphate builders, silicates and alkali metal borates.
10. A composition according to claim 3 dissolved in water.
11. A detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble, organic surface-active detergent selected from the group consisting of an anionic and nonionic detergent; and mixtures thereof and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methanehydroxydiphosphonic acid in an amount of 5 to of detergent and 80-10% of builder.
12. A detergent composition as described in claim 11 in which the ratio, by weight, is from about 2:1 to about 1:3 of detergent to builder.
13. A liquid detergent composition consisting essentially of water, an organic water soluble organic detergent and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methanehydroxydiphosphonic acid, the ratio, by weight, of said detergent to said builder being in the range of from 2:1 to 1:3.

Claims (13)

1. A DETERGENT COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A WATER SOLUBLE SYNTHETIC DETERGENT AND MIXTURES THEREOF AND BUILDER WHICH IS AN ALKALI METAL OR AMMONIUM SALT OF METHANE HYDROXY DIPHOSPHONIC ACID.
2. A detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble synthetic detergent and mixtures thereof and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methane hydroxy diphosphonic acid in an amount of 5 to 90% of detergent and 80-10% of builder.
3. A detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble synthetic detergent and hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof.
4. A composition according to claim 3 where the detergent is an anionic detergent.
5. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the detergent is an anionic detergent selected from the group consisting of sulfate and sulfonate detergents and soap.
6. A composition according to claim 1 including an alkali metal polyphosphate builder.
7. A composition according to claim 3 including a nonionic detergent.
8. A composition according to claim 3 including an alkali metal polyphosphate builder.
9. A composition according to claim 3 consisting essentially of the detergent, hydroxymethane diphosphonic acid phosphorus compound and at least one member of the group consisting of alkali metal phosphate builders, silicates and alkali metal borates.
10. A composition according to claim 3 dissolved in water.
11. A detergent composition consisting essentially of a water soluble, organic surface-active detergent selected from the group consisting of an anionic and nonionic detergent; and mixtures thereof and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methanehydroxydiphosphonic acid in an amount of 5 to 90% of detergent and 80-10% of builder.
12. A detergent composition as described in claim 11 in which the ratio, by weight, is from about 2:1 to about 1:3 of detergent to builder.
13. A liquid detergent composition consisting essentially of water, an organic water soluble organic detergent and a builder which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methanehydroxydiphosphonic acid, the ratio, by weight, of said detergent to said builder being in the range of from 2:1 to 1:3.
US818802A 1965-09-07 1969-04-23 Detergent compositions containing methane diphosphonic acid compounds Expired - Lifetime US3892676A (en)

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US06/539,562 Continuation-In-Part US4579720A (en) 1965-08-24 1983-10-06 Chelation

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US4579720A (en) * 1965-08-24 1986-04-01 Plains Chemical Development Co. Chelation
US4188234A (en) * 1965-08-24 1980-02-12 Plains Chemical Development Co. Chelation
GB1209486A (en) * 1966-12-16 1970-10-21 Monsanto Co Phosporus-containing organic compounds
GB2043072B (en) * 1979-02-13 1983-11-23 Symphar Sa Diphosphonate compounds
IT1187828B (en) * 1985-05-24 1987-12-23 Gentili Ist Spa PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION BASED ON DIPHOSPHONATES FOR THE TREATMENT OF ARETROSIS
US4689123A (en) * 1986-12-23 1987-08-25 The Dow Chemical Company Novel tetraphosphonic acid compounds, intermediates and a process for their production
RU2016118638A (en) * 2013-10-25 2017-11-28 Страйтмарк Холдинг Аг The method of synthesis of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid

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