US3681003A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Abstract

A gas burner is provided with a generator of resilient oscillations installed in the path of the gas flow, the generator being made as a double-threaded Archimedian screw and also serving as a whirler located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing chamber. The latter chamber serves as a resonator and communicates with the outlet nozzle and with channels for supplying an oxidizer.

Description

United States Patent Nekrasov et a1.

[ 1 Aug. 1, 1972 [54] GAS BURNER [72] Inventors: Nikolai Nikolaevich Nekrasov; Alexandr Lvovich Blinchikov; Vasily Leonidovich Kazansky; Alexandr Fedorvich Besedin, all of Novokuibyshevsk; Anatoly Filippovich Kriltunenko; Egor Maximovich Makarov; Alexei Lavrentievich Zemskov; Fridrikh lvanovich Afinogenov, all of Syzran; Sergei Pavlovich Kirichenko; Alexei Andreevich Kulikov, both of Novokuibysch'evsk, all of U.S.S.R.

[73] Assignee: Assignors to Kuibyshevsky Filial Vsesojuznogo mauchno-issledovatel skogo instituta neitepererabatyvajuschel Promyshlennosti, Novokuibyshevsk, U.S.S.R.

221 Filed: April 13, 1970 211 Appl.No.: 27,797

[52] U.S.Cl. ..431/353, 431/354, 239/405 [51] Int. Cl. ..F23d 15/02 [58] Field ofSearch... ...431/1, 9, 158, 171, 172,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,463,601 8/1969 Childree ..431/158 1,852,531 4/1932 Kreutzberg ..431/1 85 1,910,735 5/1933 Zikesch ..43 l/354 X 1,953,090 4/1934 Vroom ..431/182 X FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 178,679 12/1935 Switzerland ..239/403 Primary Examiner-Carroll B. Dority, Jr. Attorney-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz & Nissen [57] ABSTRACT A gas burner is provided with a generator of resilient oscillations installed in the path of the gas flow, the generator being made as a double-threaded Archimedian screw and also serving as a whirler located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing chamber. The latter chamber serves as a resonator and communicates with the outlet nozzle and with channels for supplying an oxidizer.

3 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENTEDA 2 3.681.003

sum 2 [IF 2 O0 COO 0000 000000 090000 000000 000000 000 GAS BURNER The herein proposed gas burner is intended for use boiler units and gas-turbine installations;

industrial process furnaces of oil refinery and chemical plants;

furnaces and reactors for production of soot;

reactors for pyrolysis of gas;

furnaces for utilization of gaseous industrial products;

smelting and thermal furnaces in the metallurgical industry and in other apparatus in which it is necessary to provide an efficientcombustion of a gaseous fuel.

Known in the art are burners for combustion of a gaseous fuel, comprising a body having a displacement chamber with a whirler connection with passages for feeding gas and oxidizer and with a nozzle for discharging a gaseous mixture.

In the known burners the gas-air mixture is formed in a turbulent vortex flow.

However, in the known burners the process of combustion of fuel is carried out with an inadequate effectiveness due to a slow formation of a gas-air mixture in these burners. The known burners have large dimensions, are complex in design and require special stabilizing devices for stabilization of the process of combustion.

An object of the invention is to provide a burner with a more complete utilization of the kinetic energy of a gas fuel.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner ensuring a stable combustion of a gas fuel at a wide range of control of its consumption.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a burner featured by good atomization of gas and good mixing of air with gas having condensating fractions.

Yet another object is to provide a burner capable of operating on high-pressure combustible gas.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a burner capable of widely changing its consumption from the design value and at a different air-to-gas ratio.

Other object and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description of some embodiments thereof.

These objects are attained by providing a burner for combustion of a gas fuel comprising a body having a mixing chamber with a whirler connected to passages for feeding a gas and an oxidizer and to a noule for disdischarging a gas mixture, in which according to the invention, a source of resilient oscillations is installed in the path of the gas flow before the mixing chamber.

The source of resilient oscillations is preferably made in the form of a conventional radiator of resilient oscillations in the form of a double-threaded Archimedian screw serving as a whirler and located along the longitudinal axis of the mixing chamber serving as a resonator.

It is expedient that the mixing chamber be provided with an injection nozzle coaxial to the chamber, the inlet hole of the nozzle communicating with a passage for feeding an oxidizer and the outlet hole communicating with the mixing chamber. The outlet protion of the injection nozzle is preferably provided with a whirler whose direction of whirling coincides with the direction of the Archimedian screw of the radiator of resilient oscillations.

In order to control the turbulence of the flame, the injection nozzle is preferably movable in the axial direction.

It is advisable that an oval-shaped perforated disk be mounted at the output of the resonator chamber normal to the longitudinal axis of the burner for preventing the combustion products from entering the inlet hole of the injection nozzle, said disk being provided with elements for splitting the flame.

It is expedient that the elements for splitting the flame form channels tangential to the outlet portion of the burner nozzle and be'located in a direction coinciding with that of the Archimedian screw of the radiator of resilient oscillations.

The injection nozzle may be provided with a liquidfuel sprayer for combined combustion of liquid and gas fuel.

The proposed gas burner makes it possible to reduce the total consumption of combustible gas due to a better mixing thereof with the oxidizer.

The efficiency of the burner can be increased by using the gas with a pressure of 0.2 to 20 bars and by combusting a gas having condensation fractions.

It is possible to combust gas in the same burner while changing its consumption within the range of 0.5 to 2 of the design value and at a various ratio of air to gas being combusted, i.e., within the range of 0.95 to. 3.4

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of a preferred form of the invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of the gas burner ac cording to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of the gas burner, according to the invention, having a stationary injection nozzle, a perforated disk and elements for splitting a gas-air flow;

FIG. 4 is a top view thereof.

The burner comprises a body 1 (FIG. 1) which has a passage 2 for feeding a gas fuel communicating with a cylindrical chamber 3 used for distribution of the gas within cylindrical channels 4 (FIGS. 1, 2) uniformly arranged in the body 1 along a circle. The body 1 communicates with the cylindrical chamber 3 and with an annular chamber 5 used for distribution of the gas within the channels 6 of a radiator 7 (FIG. 1) of resilient oscillations. The radiator 7 has nozzles (channels) 6 formed by curved partitions 8 (FIG. 2) secured to the bottom of the radiator 7, each partition being made in the form of equal lengths of a double-threaded Archimedian screw. These lengths are located along a circle and overlap each other within an angle of 0 to The radiator 7 also has a cylindrical nozzle (channel) 9 (FIGS. 1,2) of a variable cross section, in which the hole of a smaller diameter communicates with amixing chamber 10 serving as a resonator and the hole of a greater diameter communicates with a distributor 11 (FIG. 1) made in the form of a cylindrical chamber, which distributor, in turn, communicates with radial cylindrical passages 12 used for supplying air. The burner has a nozzle 13 with a cylindrical passage 14 for discharging the gas-air mixture and an annular projection 15 in the form of a half-torus for forming the flame as a rotary toroid.

The burner operates as follows.

The gas fuel under a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure is forced into the passage 2 and is uniformly distributed within the cylindrical chamber 3. Then, through the cylindrical channels 4 communicating with the chamber 3, the gas is fed into the annular chamber 5 formed bythe body 1, nozzle 13 and radiator 7. After uniformly distributing within the annular chamber 5, the gas enters the nozzles (channels) 6 formed by the identical curved partitions 8 of the radiator 7 wherein the gas is divided into two flows. These partitions consist of lengths of a double-threaded Archirnedian screw located symmetrically along a circle, the adjacent portions of the partitions overlapping each otherwithin an angle of 0 to 90. The gas flows moving along the channels (nozzles) 6 acquire a rotary motion, run one over the other on the partitions 8 where under the action of centrifugal forces they are alternately decelerated, which operation results in uniform and alternately uniform pulsation of the flows within a sonic or ultrasonic frequency range. The oscillating flows are then directed to the mixing chamber 10 serving as resonator.

Due to a vortex movement of the gas flow in the chamber 10 and due a reduced diameter of the channel 9 at the outlet thereof into this chamber having a greater diameter, the air is injected into this chamber wherein it is intensively mixed with the gas due to the vortex movement of the gas and due to the resilient oscillations which intensify this mixing.

The flow of a gas-air mixture, having a rotary and oscillatory motion at the outlet from the cylindrical channel 14 of the nozzle 13, under the action of centrifugal forces forms a funnel-shaped flame. As the outlet nozzle 13 has a projection 15 shaped as a half-tore, due to the coanda effect there is provided a further widening of the flame.

The. flame produced by the burner is shaped as a toroid consisting of a high-turbulent gas-air mixture and located normalto the longitudinal axis of the burner. Besides, in case of the vortex motion of vibrating gasair flow leaving the nozzle 13, under the action of centrifugal forces, there is provided a high vacuum at the center of the nozzle and this allows the high-temperature combustion products and air to be sucked (injected) to the root of the flame, thus aiding in stabilization of the process of combustion. The resilient oscillations generated by the gas flows in the radiator 7 are transferred to the flame by the gas-air flow and provide for vibration of this flame which intensifies the process of combustion of the gas.

The burner shown in FIG. 3 is designed for combustion of residual gases from oil and gas refinery plants. It comprises a body 16 which has channels 17 for feeding the gas to an annular chamber 18 used for uniform distribution of the gas into the nozzle 19 of a radiator 20 of resilient oscillations, said nozzles communicating with a main channel 21 for feeding the gas to the burner. Secured within the annular chamber 18 in coaxial relationship therewith is the radiator 20 similar to that shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and described above. The radiator 20 (FIG. 3) comprises a cylindrical chamber 22 (FIG. 3) serving as a resonator and rigidly connected with a cylindrical nozzle 23 used for discharging the pulsating gas flows. The nozzle 23 is located coaxially with respect to the cylindrical chamber 22 and a nozzle 24 and is rigidly connected with the inlet portion of the latter. The nozzle 24 is shaped as a quarter-tore, the diameter of the opening of the nozzle 23 being less than the diameter of the outlet hole of the nozzle 24, for producing a flame in the form of a rotary toroid.

Located on the edge of the outlet portion of the nozzle 23 normal to the longitudinal axis of the burner and coaxially therewith is an oval-shaped perforated disk 25 preventing the combustion products from penetrating into the inlet hole of the injection nozzle26. The perforated disk 25 is rigidly connected with the nozzles 23, 24 and secured to the body 16 through supports 27.

Rigidly secured to the bottom of the body 16 is injection nozzle 26 serving for injection of air. The injection nozzle 26 is located coaxially in the cylindrical chamber 22 and noule 23. The inlet portion of the injection nozzle 26 is in communication with the atmosphere while the outlet portion of this-nozzle is in communication with an annular chamber 28 serving for discharging the gas and partially mixingthepulsating gas flows with the injected air. Uniformly arranged on the disk 25 around the nozzle 24 are elements 29 used for splitting the flame. The elements 29 by means of a disk 30 having an aperture 31 form rectangular channels-splitters 32 (FIG. 4) directing the split frame to the outlet portion of the burner. The channels 32 are located tangentially to the outlet portion of the nozzle 24 (FIG. 3) of the burner and are installed in accordance with the direction of the Archemedian screw of the radiator of electric oscillations. An opening 31 of the disk 30 is used for suction (injection) of the combustion products and injected air to the root of the flame. The perforations in the disk 25 are in the form of round holes and slots 33 (FIG. 4) located symmetrically around the nozzle 24 (FIG. 3) and therebeneath. The perforations are used for additional injection of air. The burner is mounted on the input pipe 35 through a flange coupling 34.

The burner operates as follows.

The gas under a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure is fed through the channel 21 and, uniformly distributing therein, is fed through the channels 17 into the annular chamber 18 formed by radiator 20 of resilient oscillations (FIG. 3) shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and described above. The gas brought into vibration in the resonator 22 is fed to the cylindrical nozzle 23 and then to the nozzle 24. Due to the rotary motion of the gas flows and a sharp increase of the passage section of the annular chamber 28, a vacuum is produced at the input of the nozzle 24 in the center of the outlet hole of the annular chamber of the nozzle 23 and nozzle 24 and this provides for a suction (injection) of air through the injection nozzle 26. At the output from the cylindrical nozzle 23 and in the nozzle 24 the gas is mixed with air. The vortex motion of the gas flows andtheir pulsation intensify the process of mixing. Under the action of the coanda effect, the nozzle 24 forms a flame shaped as a toroid consisting of a high-turbulent gas-air mixture, said toroid being located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the burner. When passing through the channel-splitters 32, the flame increases its active surface while keeping its rotary motion.

If a vacuum is produced in the center of the nozzle 24, the air and high-temperature combustion products are sucked (injected) to the roof of the flame and this aids in stabilization of the process of combustion. During the vortex motion of the flame there is provided an additional injection of air due to the perforation of the disk 25 and the slotted channels 33. Ignition of the gasair mixture can be effected by means of a suitable device (not shown) located in one of the channels of the flame splitter.

We claim:

1. A burner for combustion of a gas fuel, said burner comprising a body having an inlet for a gas fuel and an inlet for an oxidizer, a cylindrical mixing chamber disposed in said body and connected with said inlets for receiving gas fuel and oxidizer; means installed in the path of the flow of the gas fuel for producing two streams thereof which coact and produce resilient oscillations while imparting whirling flow to said gas fuel at the entrance of said mixing chamber; a nozzle disposed in said body and communicating with said mixing chamber and having a shaped projection in the form of a part-torus for discharging a whirled mixture of the gas fuel and oxidizer in the form of a toroidal flame expanded perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the burner.

2. A burner according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing resilient oscillations comprises a radiator of resilient oscillations including two stationary curved partitions disposed in said burner body symmetrically about the center of said mixing chamber and of the shape of an Archimedian screw, said partitions having ends which overlap one another by a central angle not exceeding relative to the center of said mixing chamber, said partitions serving simultaneously to whirl the flow of the gas fuel while forming channels disposed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said mixing chamber, said channels being connected at their entrance openings to an annular distribution chamber provided in said burner body, and at their outlet openings, with said mixing chamber, the latter having a cylindrical portion which serves as a resonator chamber for the resilient oscillations of said radiator.

3. A burner according to claim 1 comprising an ovalshaped perforated disk mounted at the outlet of said resonator chamber normal to the longitudinal axis of the burner, said disk preventing penetration of combustion products into the inlet of said injection nozzle.

August,v l, 1972 CERTIFICATE or Patent No. I 3: 3 Dated Inventor-(5) Nikolai Nikolaevich Nekrasov et a1 It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

On the cover sheet [73] the name of the assignee should read Kuibyshevsky Filial Vsesojuznogo Nauchno Issledovatel-Skogo Instituta Neftepererabatyvajuschei I Promyshlennosti Signed and sealed this 9th day of December 1972.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents USCOMM-DC 603764 69 U5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1 I959 0-356334,

FORM PO-105O (10-69)

Claims (3)

1. A burner for combustion of a gas fuel, said burner comprising a body having an inlet for a gas fuel and an inlet for an oxidizer, a cylindrical mixing chamber disposed in said body and connected with said inlets for receiving gas fuel and oxidizer; means installed in the path of the flow of the gas fuel for producing two streams thereof which coact and produce resilient oscillations while imparting whirling flow to said gas fuel at the entrance of said mixing chamber; a nozzle disposed in said body and communicating with said mixing chamber and having a shaped pRojection in the form of a part-torus for discharging a whirled mixture of the gas fuel and oxidizer in the form of a toroidal flame expanded perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the burner.

2. A burner according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing resilient oscillations comprises a radiator of resilient oscillations including two stationary curved partitions disposed in said burner body symmetrically about the center of said mixing chamber and of the shape of an Archimedian screw, said partitions having ends which overlap one another by a central angle not exceeding 90* relative to the center of said mixing chamber, said partitions serving simultaneously to whirl the flow of the gas fuel while forming channels disposed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said mixing chamber, said channels being connected at their entrance openings to an annular distribution chamber provided in said burner body, and at their outlet openings, with said mixing chamber, the latter having a cylindrical portion which serves as a resonator chamber for the resilient oscillations of said radiator.

3. A burner according to claim 1 comprising an oval-shaped perforated disk mounted at the outlet of said resonator chamber normal to the longitudinal axis of the burner, said disk preventing penetration of combustion products into the inlet of said injection nozzle.

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