US3440028A - Organo metal halide orthophosphate gasoline additive - Google Patents

Organo metal halide orthophosphate gasoline additive Download PDF

Info

Publication number: US3440028A
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: orthophosphate; gasoline; ethylhexyl; bis; lead
Prior art date: 1964-11-24
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

US413631A

Inventor

Anthony J Revukas

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Citgo Petroleum Corp

Original Assignee

Cities Service Oil Co

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1964-11-24

Filing date

1964-11-24

Publication date

1969-04-22

1964-11-24 Application filed by Cities Service Oil Co filed Critical Cities Service Oil Co

1969-04-22 Application granted granted Critical

1969-04-22 Publication of US3440028A publication Critical patent/US3440028A/en

1984-02-01 Assigned to CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE reassignment CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CITIES SERVICE COMPANY

1986-04-22 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

1986-06-25 Assigned to CITIES SERVICE COMPANY A CORP. OF DE. reassignment CITIES SERVICE COMPANY A CORP. OF DE. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). DELAWARE, EFFECTIVE DEC. 20, 1978 Assignors: CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title description 40
239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 title description 4
229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 title 1
-1 hydrocarbyl orthophosphate compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 58
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 50
MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 23
229910052751 metal Chemical group 0.000 description 22
239000002184 metal Chemical group 0.000 description 22
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 19
YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 18
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 16
239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 11
229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 11
235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 10
SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyllead Chemical compound C[Pb](C)(C)C XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 5
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
BQBYSLAFGRVJME-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdenum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Mo]Cl BQBYSLAFGRVJME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
IAONKHJEAQWGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(8-methylnonyl) hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C IAONKHJEAQWGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
HUTDDBSSHVOYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis[(2-oxo-1,3,2$l^{5},4$l^{2}-dioxaphosphaplumbetan-2-yl)oxy]lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O HUTDDBSSHVOYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000006080 lead scavenger Substances 0.000 description 3
229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
125000000486 o-cresyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(O*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(O)=O LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
MHPZOLWFFCQILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-octylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCC MHPZOLWFFCQILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(=O)OCC UCQFCFPECQILOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XJUNRGGMKUAPAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O XJUNRGGMKUAPAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 2
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
WRKCIHRWQZQBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O WRKCIHRWQZQBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
125000002460 pentacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
RURPJGZXBHYNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C=NC(C)CN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O RURPJGZXBHYNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000006176 2-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000004336 3,3-dimethylpentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
125000003469 3-methylhexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
WIWJHBJFTYJSPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC(CCC)COP(=O)(O)O Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCC)COP(=O)(O)O WIWJHBJFTYJSPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910021554 Chromium(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
HDFFVHSMHLDSLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibenzyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COP(=O)(O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 HDFFVHSMHLDSLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J Tungsten(IV) chloride Inorganic materials Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
YTFJQDNGSQJFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 YTFJQDNGSQJFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
JKVXKYLRBVZQEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-dodecylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCCCCC JKVXKYLRBVZQEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OHRCKPRYDGSBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C OHRCKPRYDGSBRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(O)=O BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
125000003901 ceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
229960000359 chromic chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
239000011636 chromium(III) chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
235000007831 chromium(III) chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(ii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cr]Cl XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229940109126 chromous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
SWYORQGXFRCPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclodecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC1CCCCCCCCC1 SWYORQGXFRCPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
YQHVEGTZGGQQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical class C1CCCCC1OP(=O)(O)OC1CCCCC1 YQHVEGTZGGQQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
WZPMZMCZAGFKOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(O)(=O)OC(C)C WZPMZMCZAGFKOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
WJZUIWBZDGBLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCC WJZUIWBZDGBLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000000755 henicosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000002818 heptacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
ZUVCYFMOHFTGDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O ZUVCYFMOHFTGDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
125000003717 m-cresyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(O*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
229910021404 metallic carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I molybdenum pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Mo](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl GICWIDZXWJGTCI-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
125000002819 montanyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000001802 myricyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000004998 naphthylethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)CC* 0.000 description 1
125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 1
230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
125000002465 nonacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000000552 p-cresyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
BGRYSGVIVVUJHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC#C BGRYSGVIVVUJHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
DMTMQVNOOBTJCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetra(propan-2-yl)plumbane Chemical compound CC(C)[Pb](C(C)C)(C(C)C)C(C)C DMTMQVNOOBTJCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
VBUZJEOQNWXIGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)OP(O)(O)=O VBUZJEOQNWXIGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C10L1/2633—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond)
- C10L1/2641—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond) oxygen bonds only

Definitions

a metal halide hydrocarbyl orthophosphate additive for leaded gasoline compositions is disclosed wherein the additive is in the amount of between 0.001 and about 5.0 times the theoretical amount (theories) to react stoichiometrically with the lead in the gasoline combustion products.
a preferred metal halide hydrocarbyl orthophosphate additive is represented by the general formula wherein M represents manganese or metals of Group IB, II-A, II-B, IV-A, VI-B, or VIII of the Periodic Table, 11 and a are numbers selected so that n plus a equals the valence of the metal M, and R and R each represent hydrocarbyl radicals having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and soluble to the required extent in gasoline. Preferably at least one of the R and R radicals represents a branched chain hydrocarbyl radical.
This invention relates to novel metallic hydrocarbyl orthophosphate compounds and to gasoline compositions including such compounds.
novel compounds of the present invention are metallic hydrocarbyl orthophosphates represented by the general formula RO o I: ⁇ ll 1 X..M /PO wherein M represents a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, and the metals of Groups I-B,
X is a halogen
Preferred orthophosphates of these metals may be represented by the general formula wherein M represents manganese, or a metal of Groups I-B, II-A, II-B, IV-A, VI-B or VIII of the Periodic Table, 11 is a number equal to the valence of the metal M and R and R each represent a hydrocarbyl radical having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms. In such compounds the valence of the metal M usually depends upon the starting material used. Preparation of these compounds is discussed in greater detail below. R and R may represent identical or different hydrocarbyl radicals.
At least one of R and R preferably represents a branched chain hydrocarbyl radical.
Branched chain alkyl radicals are especially suitable.
Such radicals are generally more soluble in gasoline than other hydrocarbyl radicals, thereby facilitating the use of the novel compounds of the present invention as gasoline additives.
chains of more than about 30 carbon atoms are generally difficult or impossible to dissolve in gasoline compositions, it is preferred that the hydrocarbyl radicals of the orthophosphates of the present invention each have between 2 and about 30 carbon atoms.
Typical R and R groups may include, for instance, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or alicyclic hydrocarbyl radicals.
suitable hydrocarbyl radicals are: ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, Z-methylpentyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, heptyl, Z-methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 3,3-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,3-dimethylhexyl, 2,4-dimethylhexyl, Z-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridec
compositions of the present invention having both alkyl and alkylaryl hydrocarbyl radicals include, for instance, the following:
arylalkyl hydrocarbyl radicals include, for instance;
a gasoline composition which comprises a major proportion of a leaded hydrocarbon base fuel boiling in the gasoline range and containing between about 0.001 and about 5.0 theories of a metallic hydrocarbyl orthophosphate of the type described above.
the leaded hydrocarbon base fuel comprises at least 50 volume percent and preferably at least 75 volume percent of the gasoline composition.
leaded gasoline leaded hydrocarbon base fuel boiling in the gasoline range and similar terms is meant a petroleum fraction boiling in the gasoline boiling range (e.g., between about 50 and about 450 F.) to which has been added a small amount, such as between about 0.1 and about 6.0 cc. per gallon, of a metallo-organic antiknock compound such as tetraethyl lead (TEL), tetramethyl lead (TML), tetraisopropyl lead, etc.
TEL tetraethyl lead
TML tetramethyl lead
tetraisopropyl lead etc.
Lead is frequently present in gasoline compositions of the present invention in the form of TEL, TML or mixtures of the same which may be present in suitable amounts such as between about 0.1 and about 6.0 cc. per gallon of gasoline composition, more usually between about 0.5 and about 4.0 cc. per gallon.
novel metallic orthorphosphates described above for use in leaded gasoline compositions in accordance with the present invention are present in suitable amounts such as between about 0.001 and about 5 .0 theories, preferably between about 0.02 and about 2.0 theories.
the term theory in this context is intended to designate the amount of metal hydrocarbyl orthophosphate additive that would be needed in a gasoline in order that the metal and phosphorus atoms in the metal hydrocarbyl orthophosphate would be able to react stoichiometrically with all the lead in the lead antiknock compound present in a gasoline to form the appropriate lead compound upon combustion in an engine.
the theory concept may be based on the metal only, on the phosphorus only, or on both elements in the metal hydrocarbyl orthophosphate.
the additive dichloromolybdenum tri [bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphate] could react with TEL and TML to produce lead orthophosphate and lead molybdate.
the theories of additive employed would be based on the phosphorus required to form lead orthophosphate and on the metal molybdenum to produce lead molybdate. If the metal in the metal hydrocarbyl orthophosphate additive does not combine with the lead in the gasoline to form a compound upon combustion in an engine, then the theory concept is based on the phosphorus in the additive.
nickel di(bis-isodecyl orthophosphate) in a gasoline with TEL forms only lead orthophosphate upon combustion, as no compounds of lead with nickel are known to exist.
gasoline compositions contemplated by the present invention may include one or more other ingredients such as lead scavengers, gum inhibitors, lubricants, rust inhibitors, metal deactivators or other special purpose additives.
Lubricants suitable for use in the above described gasoline compositions may include, for instance, light hydrocarbon lubricating oils having viscosities at F. of between about 50 and about 200 Saybolt Universal second (SUS) and viscosity indexes (VI) of between about 30 and about with oil having a viscosity of about 100 SUS being preferred.
Such oils may be present in suitable amounts such as between about 0.1 and about 1.0 volume percent of the gasoline composition.
lead compounds such as TEL
a suitable lead scavenger for reducing the deposit of lead compounds within the combustion chamber.
lead scavengers include, for example, halohydrocarbon compositions such as ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride.
Gum inhibitors suitable for use in the above described gasoline compositions include conventional gum inhibitors such as 2,6-ditertiarybutylpara cresol. Such gum inhibitors may be present in suitable amounts such as between about 0.001 and about 0.006 volume percent of the gasoline composition.
a suitable metal deactivator is for example N,N'disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.
Gasoline compositions of the present invention may be illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that any of the other novel additive compounds contemplated by the invention, such as those described above, may be used in such gasoline compositions in place of or in addition to the additives specified below.
Example 1 A gasoline composition having excellent surface ignition characteristics may be prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Example 2 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
TEL cc. per gallon-.. 2.2 Lead 11 diisodecyl, di(2 ethylhexyl)orthophosphate), theory 1
Example 3 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Example 5 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Example 6 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Example 7 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Example 8 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Example 9 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable gasoline:
Example 10 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasolihe:
Example 11 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Example 12 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
TEL cc. per gallon..- 0.8 Tungsten tetra(bis(a.-naphtyl) orthophosphate
Example 13 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Example 14 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:
Novel additive compounds of the type described above may be prepared in any suitable manner.
a suitable organic hydrogen phosphate or a mixture of such phosphates is placed in a reaction flask together With about half its volume of a suitable solvent such as dry toluene.
the reaction fl-ask is preferably equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer gas inlet tube, reflux condenser and a pressure equalizing funnel with its long stem dipping into the solution.
the temperature in the reaction flask is raised to between about 110 and about 130 C.
Example Nickel di(bis(2 ethylhexyl) orthophosphate) was prepared from the following ingredients:
the acid phosphate was weighed into a 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, thermometer, and condenser. About 100 ml. of water was added to the flask and the mixture was stirred while the sodium hydroxide solution was added slowly. The temperature in the flask rose from 26 to 46 C. About 200 ml. of toluene was added and the temperature increased by external heating to 80 C. At this time the nickel chloride hexahydrate in 50 ml. of H 0 was added. The reaction temperature was raised to 87 C. and maintained at this level with vigorous stirring for 16 hours. After this time the contents were transferred to a separatory funnel and the aqueous phase drawn ofif and discarded. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous Na SO filtered to remove the hydrated salt and finally subjected to distillation to remove solvent.
the product was a brown, viscous material.
Example 16 In order to prepare dichloromolybdenum tri(bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphate), 212 grams (0.66 mole) of commercial di(Z-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate in 150 ml. of toluene and 55 grams (0.2 mole) molybdenum pentachloride in 200 ml. of toluene were caused to react. When evolution of by-product hydrogen chloride stopped, toluene was stripped from the product, which was then washed with water and taken up in n-pentane. After drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the pentane solution was filtered and the filtrate subjected to distillation to remove pentane. The liquid residue was heated to 120 C. at 20 mm. pressure. An olive green liquid product weighing 203 grams resulted. Its density was 1.109 at 20 C. and the molybdenum content was 8.50 percent.
Other compounds of the present invention may be prepared from suitable starting materials.
the following compounds may be prepared from the indicated starting materials with the use of suitable solvents such as toluene, heptane, etc.
Zinc oxide 5 Zinc di (bis (2-ethylhexyl) Di(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen 32.2 orthophosphate).
Cadmium chloride 20 1 Cadmium di(bis (iZ-ethyl- 2-ethylhexyl-phenylhydro- 55. 2 hexylphenyl) orthophosgen phosphate. phate).
Mercurous chloride 25 0 Mercurous di(stearyl- Stearyl-benzyl-hydrogen 41. 1 benzyl orthophosphate).
Tungsten tetrachloride 35.8 Tungsten tetra (a-naphthyl Di(a-naphthyl) hydrogen 140 orthophosphate).
gasoline compositions of the present invention were prepared containing metallic ortho phosphate additives of the present invention as indicated in Table I 'below. These gasoline compositions were subjected to single cylinder engine deposit tests as described below.
the base gasolines used in formulation the gasoline compositions tested were similar to the base gasoline of Example 1.
the base gasolines of runs 1 through 4 contained 2.2 cc. per gallon TEL and 0.25 vol. percent neutral (95 V. I.) light lubricating oil.
the base gasoline of run 5 contained 2.03 cc. per gallon TEL.
the single cylinder engine deposit tests were run in CPR engines having L head assemblies and compression ratios of 7 to 1.
Each test consisted of alternating periods of operation under idling conditions for 50 seconds followed by operation under full load conditions for 150 seconds. These cycles were continued for a total test time of 40 hours for each test.
the engine air intake temperature was maintained at F. while the oil temperature was maintained at 160 F. and the coolant temperature at F.
the engines were operated with an air to fuel ratio of 12 to 1 at 600 r.p.m.
the engines were operated with air to fuel ratios of 13 to 1 and at 900 r.p.m.
the number of wild pings was counted by an Erwin Instrument Co. Wild Ping Counter.
the average of the wild pings per hour was determined by plotting the total wild pings versus time and taking the slope of the curve. This measurement served as a reliable indication of the surface ignition characteristics of the fuel being tested.
R' are identical branched chain hydrocarbon radicals.
a gasoline composition according to claim 1 which contains at least about 75 volume percent leaded hydro- Table I shows clearly that the addition of metallic carbon base fuel having between 0.1 and 6.00 cc. per galorthophosphates of the present invention to the base gaso- 10 1 of the organo hydrocarbon lead antiknock agent lines resulted in gasoline compositions having very muc selected from the group consisting of tetraethyl lead and improved surface ignition characteristics as evidenced by tetramethyl lead,
a gasoline composition comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon base fuel boiling in the gasoline U.S. Cl.X.R.

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Description

United States Patent Office 3,440,028 Patented Apr. 22, 1969 3,440,028 ORGANO METAL HALIDE ORTHOPHOSPHATE GASOLINE ADDITIVE Anthony J. Revukas, Cranford, N.J., assignor to Cities Service Oil Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 127,858, July 31, 1961. This application Nov. 24, 1964, Ser. No. 413,631

Int. Cl. C101 N26 US. Cl. 44-69 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A metal halide hydrocarbyl orthophosphate additive for leaded gasoline compositions is disclosed wherein the additive is in the amount of between 0.001 and about 5.0 times the theoretical amount (theories) to react stoichiometrically with the lead in the gasoline combustion products. A preferred metal halide hydrocarbyl orthophosphate additive is represented by the general formula wherein M represents manganese or metals of Group IB, II-A, II-B, IV-A, VI-B, or VIII of the Periodic Table, 11 and a are numbers selected so that n plus a equals the valence of the metal M, and R and R each represent hydrocarbyl radicals having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms and soluble to the required extent in gasoline. Preferably at least one of the R and R radicals represents a branched chain hydrocarbyl radical.

This invention is a continuation-in-part of my copending application, Ser. No. 127,858, filed July 31, 1961 now abandoned for Organometallic orthophosphates.

This invention relates to novel metallic hydrocarbyl orthophosphate compounds and to gasoline compositions including such compounds.

The use of lead compounds to increase the octane rating of gasoline is extremely common. Unfortunately, the addition of lead, while substantially increasing the octane ratings of gasolines to which it is added, at the same time has several drawbacks. Of these drawbacks the most serious is probably the tendency of the lead to increase undesirable surface ignition in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engines in which the leaded gasoline is used. It has been the practice previously to utilize various phosphorus compounds in an attempt to reduce or prevent such surface ignition, but the use of such compounds has generally led to additional difficulties such as lead deposits on cylinder heads and valves.

It is an object of the present invention to provide novel metallic hydrocarbyl orthophosphate compounds adapted for use in improved gasoline compositions.

It is another object of the invention to provide an improved gasoline composition especially adapted to resist surface ignition.

The novel compounds of the present invention are metallic hydrocarbyl orthophosphates represented by the general formula RO o I: \ll 1 X..M /PO wherein M represents a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, and the metals of Groups I-B,

II-A, II-B, IV-A, VI-B and VIII of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen, n and a are numbers so selected that n=the valence of metal M and (1:0 except that when the valence of metal M is 5, then a=2 and 11:3, and R and R each represent a hydrocarbyl radical having from 2 to abopt 30 carbon atoms. Preferred orthophosphates of these metals may be represented by the general formula wherein M represents manganese, or a metal of Groups I-B, II-A, II-B, IV-A, VI-B or VIII of the Periodic Table, 11 is a number equal to the valence of the metal M and R and R each represent a hydrocarbyl radical having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms. In such compounds the valence of the metal M usually depends upon the starting material used. Preparation of these compounds is discussed in greater detail below. R and R may represent identical or different hydrocarbyl radicals. While any hydrocarbyl radicals having between 2 and about 30 carbon atoms and soluble to the required extent in gasoline may be used, at least one of R and R preferably represents a branched chain hydrocarbyl radical. Branched chain alkyl radicals are especially suitable. Such radicals are generally more soluble in gasoline than other hydrocarbyl radicals, thereby facilitating the use of the novel compounds of the present invention as gasoline additives. Since chains of more than about 30 carbon atoms are generally difficult or impossible to dissolve in gasoline compositions, it is preferred that the hydrocarbyl radicals of the orthophosphates of the present invention each have between 2 and about 30 carbon atoms. Typical R and R groups may include, for instance, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or alicyclic hydrocarbyl radicals. Examples of suitable hydrocarbyl radicals are: ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, Z-methylpentyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, heptyl, Z-methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 3,3-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,3-dimethylhexyl, 2,4-dimethylhexyl, Z-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonyldecyl, eiocosyl, henicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, phenyl, -naphthyl, benzyl, o-cresyl, p-cresyl, m-cresyl, dodecylphenyl, octylphenyl, ethylphenyl and diphenyl, pentadecyl, b-phenylethyl, omega phenylhexyl, cyclohexyl, cyclobutyl, cyclodecyl, cyclopentyl, etc. Corresponding unsaturated radicals may also be used.

Compounds of the present invention having branched chain alkyl hydrocarbon radicals include, for instance, the following:

nickel di (bis(2-methylpropenyl) orthophosphate) manganese di(bis(3-butyloctosyl) orthophosphate) copper di (bis(S-pentylhexadecyl) orthophosphate) beryllium di(bis(Z-ethyl-S-butyltridecyl) orthophosphate) zinc di (bis(Z-propyldecyl) orthophosphate) silver bis(2,4-diethyloctyl) orthophosphate chromium tri(bis(2-methyloctenyl) orthophosphate) iron tri (bis(methylethyl) orthophosphate) nickel di(bis(2-ethylhexyl)orthophosphate) molybdenum III di(Z-methylpropyl) methylethylortho phosphate magnesium di(2-methyloctyl, 2-propyldecyl orthophosphate) cadmium di(bis(2-ethylhexynyl) orthophosphate) nickel di(bis(isodecyl) orthophosphate) stannic tetra (2-ethylhexyl, octyl orthophosphate) 3 ruthenium III (2-ethylhexyl), dibutynyl orthophosphate) osmium II (Z-ethylhexyl octyl), (methylethyl, butyl) orthophosphate) nickel di(isodecyl, 2-ethylhexyl orthophosphate) germanium IV di(Z-ethylhexyl, di(methylethyl), di(2- methylpropyl), di(3-butyloctacosyl) orthophosphate Compounds of the present invention having alkylaryl hydrocarbyl radicals include, for instance, the following:

Compounds of the present invention having both alkyl and alkylaryl hydrocarbyl radicals include, for instance, the following:

barium di(Z-ethylhexyl, methylphenyl) orthophosphate) nickel II di(Z-ethylhexyl, di(octylphenyl) orthophosphate) iridium II (butyl, ethylhexyl), methylphenyl, methylethyl) orthophosphate Compounds of the present invention having aryl hydrocarbyl radicals include, for instance:

radium di(bis (phenyl) orthophosphate) palladium tri(phenyl, naphthyl) orthophosphate nickel II (diphenyl), naphthyl, Z-ethylhexyl orthophosphate Compounds of the present invention having arylalkyl hydrocarbyl radicals include, for instance;

nickel di(bis(phenylmethyl) orthophosphate) platinum II (naphthylethyl, butyl), Z-ethylhexyl, phenylhexyl) orthophosphate nickel di(Z-methylpropyl, naphthylmethyl) orthophosphate Compounds of the present invention having alicyclic hydrocarbyl radicals include, for instance:

mercury di(cyclohexyl, cyclodecyl orthophosphate) nickel di(cyclobutyl, 2-ethylhexyl orthophosphate) zinc II (methylethyl, cyclopentyl), di(Z-ethylhexyl) orthophosphate) cobalt tri(bis(cyclohexyl) orthophosphate) Compounds of the present invention having straight chain hydrocarbyl radicals include, for instance, the following:

magnesium di(bis(octyny1) orthosphosphate) nickel di(bis(ethyl) orthophosphate) copper di(methyldecyl orthophosphate) calcium II (dibutyl, ethylhexyl, dipentyl orthophosphate) nickel di(2-ethylhexyl, butenyl orthophosphate) mercury di(pentacosyl, hexadecyl orthophosphate) nickel di(bis(ethyl) orthophosphate) nickel di(Z-ethylhexyl, butyl orthophosphate) nickel di(butyl, isodecyl) orthophosphate nickel II (diisodecyl, di(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphate) The novel compounds described above are especially useful as gasoline additives in forming novel gasoline compositions adapted to resist surface ignition. In addition to resisting surface ignition, these additives generally inhibit rust and carburetor icing. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a gasoline composition is provided which comprises a major proportion of a leaded hydrocarbon base fuel boiling in the gasoline range and containing between about 0.001 and about 5.0 theories of a metallic hydrocarbyl orthophosphate of the type described above. The leaded hydrocarbon base fuel comprises at least 50 volume percent and preferably at least 75 volume percent of the gasoline composition.

By the term leaded gasoline, leaded hydrocarbon base fuel boiling in the gasoline range and similar terms is meant a petroleum fraction boiling in the gasoline boiling range (e.g., between about 50 and about 450 F.) to which has been added a small amount, such as between about 0.1 and about 6.0 cc. per gallon, of a metallo-organic antiknock compound such as tetraethyl lead (TEL), tetramethyl lead (TML), tetraisopropyl lead, etc. Lead is frequently present in gasoline compositions of the present invention in the form of TEL, TML or mixtures of the same which may be present in suitable amounts such as between about 0.1 and about 6.0 cc. per gallon of gasoline composition, more usually between about 0.5 and about 4.0 cc. per gallon.

The novel metallic orthorphosphates described above for use in leaded gasoline compositions in accordance with the present invention are present in suitable amounts such as between about 0.001 and about 5 .0 theories, preferably between about 0.02 and about 2.0 theories. The term theory in this context is intended to designate the amount of metal hydrocarbyl orthophosphate additive that would be needed in a gasoline in order that the metal and phosphorus atoms in the metal hydrocarbyl orthophosphate would be able to react stoichiometrically with all the lead in the lead antiknock compound present in a gasoline to form the appropriate lead compound upon combustion in an engine. The theory concept may be based on the metal only, on the phosphorus only, or on both elements in the metal hydrocarbyl orthophosphate. Thus, for example, the additive dichloromolybdenum tri [bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphate] could react with TEL and TML to produce lead orthophosphate and lead molybdate. In this example the theories of additive employed would be based on the phosphorus required to form lead orthophosphate and on the metal molybdenum to produce lead molybdate. If the metal in the metal hydrocarbyl orthophosphate additive does not combine with the lead in the gasoline to form a compound upon combustion in an engine, then the theory concept is based on the phosphorus in the additive. To illustrate, nickel di(bis-isodecyl orthophosphate) in a gasoline with TEL forms only lead orthophosphate upon combustion, as no compounds of lead with nickel are known to exist.

In addition to the above described compounds, gasoline compositions contemplated by the present invention may include one or more other ingredients such as lead scavengers, gum inhibitors, lubricants, rust inhibitors, metal deactivators or other special purpose additives.

Lubricants suitable for use in the above described gasoline compositions may include, for instance, light hydrocarbon lubricating oils having viscosities at F. of between about 50 and about 200 Saybolt Universal second (SUS) and viscosity indexes (VI) of between about 30 and about with oil having a viscosity of about 100 SUS being preferred. Such oils may be present in suitable amounts such as between about 0.1 and about 1.0 volume percent of the gasoline composition.

When using lead compounds such as TEL, it is frequently found desirable to include with the lead a suitable lead scavenger for reducing the deposit of lead compounds within the combustion chamber. Such lead scavengers include, for example, halohydrocarbon compositions such as ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride.

Gum inhibitors suitable for use in the above described gasoline compositions include conventional gum inhibitors such as 2,6-ditertiarybutylpara cresol. Such gum inhibitors may be present in suitable amounts such as between about 0.001 and about 0.006 volume percent of the gasoline composition. Likewise, a suitable metal deactivator is for example N,N'disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.

Gasoline compositions of the present invention may be illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that any of the other novel additive compounds contemplated by the invention, such as those described above, may be used in such gasoline compositions in place of or in addition to the additives specified below.

Example 1 A gasoline composition having excellent surface ignition characteristics may be prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 2.2 Dichloromolybdenum tri(bis(2 ethylhexyl)orthophosphate), theory 0.05

The base gasoline used in blending this and other gasoline compositions of the invention may be a gasoline having the following characteristics:

Example 2 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon-.. 2.2 Lead 11 diisodecyl, di(2 ethylhexyl)orthophosphate), theory 1 Example 3 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 0.5 Cobalt methylethyl, cyclopentyl), di(Z-ethylhexyl) orthophosphate, theory 025 Example 4 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 4.0 Manganese di(2 ethylhexyl, octyl orthophosphate), theory 0.5 Lubricating oil (100 SUS, 95 VI) volume percent..- 1.0

Example 5 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 6.0 Nickel di(bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophcsphate),

theory 5.0

Example 6 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 0.1 Magnesium di(bis(Z ethylhexyl) orthophosphate), theory 0.0005

Example 7 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 1.5 Zinc II (butyl, ethylhexyl), methylphenyl, methylethyl) orthophosphate, theory 0.01 Lubricating oil (100 SUS, VI), volume percent 0.1

Example 8 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 3.0 Cadmium di(bis(isodecyl) orthophosphate),

theory 2.0

Example 9 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 2.0 Mercurous di(stearylbenzyl orthophosphate),

theory 0.5

Example 10 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasolihe:

TEL cc. per gallon-.. 2.2 Chromium tri(triacontylphenyl orthophosphate),

theory 0.1 Lubricating oil SUS, 95 VI), volume percent 0.25

Example 11 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TML cc. per gallon 2.5 Chromous di(bis(o-cresyl) orthophosphate,

theory 0.15

Example 12 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon..- 0.8 Tungsten tetra(bis(a.-naphtyl) orthophosphate,

theory 006 Example 13 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TML cc. per gallon 4.0 Iron tri(2-ethylhexyl-u-naphtyl orphosphate,

theory 3.5

Example 14 Another suitable gasoline composition is prepared by adding the following ingredients to a suitable base gasoline:

TEL cc. per gallon 2.3 Stannic tetra (bis(dodecylphenyl) orthophosphate,

theory 0 2 Novel additive compounds of the type described above may be prepared in any suitable manner. According to one method of preparation, a suitable organic hydrogen phosphate or a mixture of such phosphates is placed in a reaction flask together With about half its volume of a suitable solvent such as dry toluene. The reaction fl-ask is preferably equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer gas inlet tube, reflux condenser and a pressure equalizing funnel with its long stem dipping into the solution. The temperature in the reaction flask is raised to between about 110 and about 130 C. while stirring vigorously and a suitable salt such as a chloride, bromide or sulfate of the desired metal with an equal volume of the solvent is added in spurts by means of the pressure equalizing delivery funnel. When a chloride is used, hydrogen chloride is evolved copiously by the reaction. Stirring and heating under reflux to 130 C. is continued until evolution of hydrogen chloride stops. Removal of by product hydrogen chloride is promoted by flushing the reaction flask with dry nitrogen by means of the gas inlet tube. The solvent is removed by distillation at reduced pressure slch as 10 to 80 millimeters, the final temperature being about 130 C. The yield of product is usually between about 85 and about 95% of theory based on hydrogen phosphate.

Example Nickel di(bis(2 ethylhexyl) orthophosphate) was prepared from the following ingredients:

Gm. Nickel chloride hexahydrate (0.137 mole) 32.6 di(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate (0.25 mole) 80.6 Sodium hydroxide in 100 ml. water 10.0

The acid phosphate was weighed into a 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, thermometer, and condenser. About 100 ml. of water was added to the flask and the mixture was stirred while the sodium hydroxide solution was added slowly. The temperature in the flask rose from 26 to 46 C. About 200 ml. of toluene was added and the temperature increased by external heating to 80 C. At this time the nickel chloride hexahydrate in 50 ml. of H 0 was added. The reaction temperature was raised to 87 C. and maintained at this level with vigorous stirring for 16 hours. After this time the contents were transferred to a separatory funnel and the aqueous phase drawn ofif and discarded. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous Na SO filtered to remove the hydrated salt and finally subjected to distillation to remove solvent.

The product was a brown, viscous material.

Example 16 In order to prepare dichloromolybdenum tri(bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphate), 212 grams (0.66 mole) of commercial di(Z-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate in 150 ml. of toluene and 55 grams (0.2 mole) molybdenum pentachloride in 200 ml. of toluene were caused to react. When evolution of by-product hydrogen chloride stopped, toluene was stripped from the product, which was then washed with water and taken up in n-pentane. After drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the pentane solution was filtered and the filtrate subjected to distillation to remove pentane. The liquid residue was heated to 120 C. at 20 mm. pressure. An olive green liquid product weighing 203 grams resulted. Its density was 1.109 at 20 C. and the molybdenum content was 8.50 percent.

Additional compounds of the present invention were prepared according to the procedures described above from suitable starting materials as follows:

drogen phosphate.

Other compounds of the present invention may be prepared from suitable starting materials. For instance, the following compounds may be prepared from the indicated starting materials with the use of suitable solvents such as toluene, heptane, etc.

Starting materials Amount Product (grams) Magnesium chloride 56 Magnesium di(bis(2-ethyl- Di(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen 161 hexyl) orthophosphatc).

phosphate. Zinc oxide 5 Zinc di (bis (2-ethylhexyl) Di(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen 32.2 orthophosphate).

phosphate. Cadmium chloride 20. 1 Cadmium di(bis (iZ-ethyl- 2-ethylhexyl-phenylhydro- 55. 2 hexylphenyl) orthophosgen phosphate. phate). Mercurous chloride 25. 0 Mercurous di(stearyl- Stearyl-benzyl-hydrogen 41. 1 benzyl orthophosphate).

phosphate. Chromic chloride 17. 4 Chromie tri(tr1eonylpheny1 Triconyl-phenyl-hydrogen 178. 2m orthophosphate) phosphate. Chromous chloride 13. 4 Chromous di(bis(o-cresyl) Di(o-cresyl) hydrogen 55. 6 orthophosphate).

phosphate. Tungsten tetrachloride 35.8 Tungsten tetra (a-naphthyl Di(a-naphthyl) hydrogen 140 orthophosphate).

phosphate. Ferric chloride 17.8 Iron tri(2-ethylhexyl-a- 2-ethylhexyl-a-naphthyl- 108. 9 naphthyl orthophosphate).

hydrogen phosphate. Ruthenium chloride 13. 3 Ruthenium di(oetylphenyl Di(octylphenyl) hydrogen orthophosphate).

phosphate.

In order to evaluate the characteristics of gasoline compositions of the present invention, a number of gasoline compositions were prepared containing metallic ortho phosphate additives of the present invention as indicated in Table I 'below. These gasoline compositions were subjected to single cylinder engine deposit tests as described below. The base gasolines used in formulation the gasoline compositions tested were similar to the base gasoline of Example 1. The base gasolines of runs 1 through 4 contained 2.2 cc. per gallon TEL and 0.25 vol. percent neutral (95 V. I.) light lubricating oil. The base gasoline of run 5 contained 2.03 cc. per gallon TEL. The single cylinder engine deposit tests were run in CPR engines having L head assemblies and compression ratios of 7 to 1. Each test consisted of alternating periods of operation under idling conditions for 50 seconds followed by operation under full load conditions for 150 seconds. These cycles were continued for a total test time of 40 hours for each test. During these tests the engine air intake temperature was maintained at F. while the oil temperature was maintained at 160 F. and the coolant temperature at F. During the idling portions of the tests the engines were operated with an air to fuel ratio of 12 to 1 at 600 r.p.m. while during the full load portions of the tests the engines were operated with air to fuel ratios of 13 to 1 and at 900 r.p.m. During the test, the number of wild pings (indicating preignition) was counted by an Erwin Instrument Co. Wild Ping Counter. At the end of the test the average of the wild pings per hour was determined by plotting the total wild pings versus time and taking the slope of the curve. This measurement served as a reliable indication of the surface ignition characteristics of the fuel being tested.

The results of the single cylinder engine deposit test are given in Table I below. Each run involved a test of a base gasoline and a test of the same base gasoline containing the indicated metallic orthophosphate additive. While the base gasolines used were generally similar, they had been stored for varying lengths of time before testing, thus affecting their performance in the tests. The test results reported below thus provide valid comparisons within each run between the performance of a base gasoline and the performance of the same gasoline containing the indicated additive but do not provide valid comparianti-knock agent, and containing between about 0.001 and sons between the base gasolines used in the various runs. about 5.0 theories of an additive having a formula R'o t X.M|: /PO no u TABLE L RESULTS OF SINGLE CYLINDER ENGINE wherein M represents a metal selected from the group DEPOSIT TESTS COnSlS'ElIlg of managanese and the metals of groups IB, A IIA, IIB, IVA, VIB, and VIII of the Periodic Table, X 18 verage wild pings Theories per hour pibase 1 a halogen, n and a are numbers so selected that n plus a Run orthllphPtphate 9 gasolme equals valence of metal M and R and R each represent No. additive additive Without With a hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to about 30 carbon additive additive atoms. 1 Cobalt di(bis(2-ethyl-) 0.2 21 2 2. The gasoline composition of claim 1 in which at hexyl orthophosphato 2 Manganous diam} M 31 1 least one of R and R is a branched cham alkyl hydro etglylhlexylg orthocarbon radical. p 05p t 3 Nickel dubisaethyb 02 19 1 3. The gasoline composltion of claim 1 in wh ch R and hgxst l) orthophos- R are branched cham alkyl hydrocarbon radicals. p a 4 Zinc di(bis(2 ethyl M 7 1 4. The gasoline composition of cla1m 3 1n WhlCh the helnt l) orthophosmetal 1s nlckel.

a 5 Dgchlowmolybdenum 0'05 586 15 5. The gasoline composition of claim 1 n WhlCh R tri(bis (Z-ethylhexyl) and R are branched chain hydrocarbon I'adlCalS. orthophosphate.

R' are identical branched chain hydrocarbon radicals. 7. The gasoline composition of claim 1 in which the additive is dichloromolybdenum tri(bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphate) 8. A gasoline composition according to claim 1 which contains at least about 75 volume percent leaded hydro- Table I shows clearly that the addition of metallic carbon base fuel having between 0.1 and 6.00 cc. per galorthophosphates of the present invention to the base gaso- 10 1 of the organo hydrocarbon lead antiknock agent lines resulted in gasoline compositions having very muc selected from the group consisting of tetraethyl lead and improved surface ignition characteristics as evidenced by tetramethyl lead,

the extremely small number of wild pings compared with References Cited the corresponding base gasolines. As shown in Table I,

the use of metallic orthophosphate additives of the UNITED STATES PATENTS present invention resulted in reductions of wild ping 2,560,542 7/ 1951 Bartleson et counts of from about 85 to about 97 percent. 3,055,748 9/1962 Harfle 260*437 While the invention has been described above with re- 3,055,925 9/1962 Harfle 260437 spect to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be 3,065,065 11/1962 Sutton at 44-68 understood by those skilled in the art that various changes 2,865,732 12/1958 Hoff et and modifications may be made without departing from 3,068,259 12/1962 Hartlethe spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to 3,193,500 7/ 1965 Hartlecover all such changes and modifications in the appended claims 5 DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.

I claim: Y. H. SMITH, Assistant Examiner. 1. A gasoline composition comprising a major proportion of a hydrocarbon base fuel boiling in the gasoline U.S. Cl.X.R.

range and a mi or proportion of organo hydrocarbyl lead 6. The gasoline composition of claim 1 in which R and

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US3231347A (en)	1966-01-25	Gasolene composition containing organometallic orthophosphates
US3038791A (en)	1962-06-12	Phenyl phosphate compositions
US3440028A (en)	1969-04-22	Organo metal halide orthophosphate gasoline additive
US2794719A (en)	1957-06-04	Fuel antiknock
US2948600A (en)	1960-08-09	Antiknock compositions
US3275668A (en)	1966-09-27	Organometallic orthophosphates
US3305330A (en)	1967-02-21	Amine-phosphorus-containing adducts and motor fuel containing same
US2948599A (en)	1960-08-09	Gasoline fuel compositions
US3707361A (en)	1972-12-26	Gasoline compositions
US3502452A (en)	1970-03-24	Gasoline composition
US3010980A (en)	1961-11-28	Trialkyl lead selenides
US2980520A (en)	1961-04-18	Gasoline motor fuel
US2999740A (en)	1961-09-12	Surface ignition suppression
US3055748A (en)	1962-09-25	Fuel for spark ignition engines
US3052528A (en)	1962-09-04	Gasoline composition
US3544288A (en)	1970-12-01	Liquid hydrocarbon fuels containing metal fluorocarbyl phosphates
US2979523A (en)	1961-04-11	Addition products of dialkyl acid orthophosphate and olefin oxides
US3060009A (en)	1962-10-23	Phosphorus-containing motor fuel
US3100212A (en)	1963-08-06	Process of preparing dihydropentalenyl manganese tricarbonyl

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Date	Code	Title	Description
1984-02-01	AS	Assignment	Owner name: CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CITIES SERVICE COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004225/0709 Effective date: 19830830
1986-06-25	AS	Assignment	Owner name: CITIES SERVICE COMPANY A CORP. OF DE. Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004561/0817 Effective date: 19781220

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1984-02-01

Assignment

Owner name: CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CITIES SERVICE COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004225/0709

Effective date: 19830830

1986-06-25

Assignment

Owner name: CITIES SERVICE COMPANY A CORP. OF DE.

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004561/0817

Effective date: 19781220

US3440028A - Organo metal halide orthophosphate gasoline additive - Google Patents

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