US3386459A - Flushing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Jun 4, 1968 R. s. PARKISON ETAL 3,386,459

FLUSHING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 5, 1964 uhw INVENTORS Richard G. Purkison BY Paul J. Klein ATTORNEY n 4, 19 8 R. 5. PARKISON ETAL 3,386,459

\FLUSHING APPARATUS I Filed Feb. 5, 1964 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 v n g S Q N (\I Q U "a, .9 3 Ll.

INVENTORS Richard 6. Porklson Paul, J. KI n June 4, 1968 R. 5. PARKISON ETAL 3,386,459

FLUSHING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 5, 1964 BAY Paul J. Klem A'rroR EY INVENTORS Richard G. Pogkison United States Patent Delaware Filed Feb. 5, 1964, Ser. No. 342,613 1 Claim. (Cl. 137216) This invention relates to new and useful improvements in a water closet and more particularly to flushing apparatus for use with a closet.

An object of this invention is to provide a control "apparatus which is operable to provide a combined bowl flushing and rim flushing action for a closet bowl.

Another object is to provide an inter-relation between the bowl flushing means and the rim flushing means so that they will have substantially equal duration of operation.

Another object is to provide a unit control device for a flushing and ventilating apparatus.

The foregoing objects will be further pointed out and additional objects will become apparent from the following description.

For a better understanding of the present invention reference should be had to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views and wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a top plan view of a water closet and supply tank with the tank cover removed to show the internal apparatus and also showing the closet bowl portion with parts in section to more clearly illustrate the invention.

FIGURE 2 is a view in section on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 taken in the direction of the arrows and showing the tank filling means and the flush valve as well as the valve casing for the rim flush and for the vacuum ventilating apparatus.

FIGURE 3 is a view in section on FIG. 1.

FIGURE 4 is a view in top plan and partly in section on the line 44 of FIG. 3.

FIGURE 5 is a view in section on the line 55 of FIG. 1.

FIGURE 6 is a detail view in section on the line 6-6 of FIG. 3.

FIGURE 7 is a detail view in section on the line 77 of FIG. 2.

FIGURE 8 is a view in section on the line 88 of FIG. 7.

FIGURE 9 is a detail view in section on the line 9-9 of FIG. 1 showing the ventilating apparatus.

In the accompanying drawings, there is shown a onepiece water closet having a tank 1 and a bowl 2. The lower portion of the tank front wall 3, see FIG. 3, forms the rear wall of the bowl 2 which has the usual water containing receptacle 4 or bowl which, as usual, underlines the closet seat, not shown. The receptacle 4 has an inlet passageway 5 discharging thereinto below the normal liquid level and which supplies the bowl flushing water for starting siphon operation or discharge from the receptacle 4. The bowl also has a hollow rim flush comprising a rim passageway 6 which surrounds the top of the receptacle 4 and overlies the inner wall surface thereof, having in its underside punchings or apertures 7 for discharging downward into the receptacle along and to wash the side walls thereof. Water is supplied to the rim passageway 6 by a conduit 8 which leads from the tank 1. The rim passageway 6 also has an outlet 9 leading from its rear portion to the tank 1 whereby it is connected to the ventilating apparatus generally designated 10. The bowl or receptacle 4 has its usual discharge the line 3-3 of 3,386,459 Patented June 4, 1968 or waste outlet, not shown, discharging through a conduit having the usual water trap and downleg 11, see FIG. 9. The waste conduit has a portion of its top wall extending into and forming a portion of the bottom wall of the tank, as at 11a. The ventilating apparatus 10 has its outlet 12, see FIG. 9, discharging into a conduit 13 which opens into the downleg 11 through an opening 14 in the side wall 15 of the downleg.

The ventilating apparatus mentioned comprises the invention of Farris E. Dixon, Ser. 241,5 88, filed Dec. 3, 1962, now P.N. 3,188,658. This ventilating apparatus is connected by an inlet conduit 16 to the rim outlet 9. The inlet conduit 16 connects into a conduit which leads to the outlet 12. In this last mentioned conduit, there is a U-shaped water trap 17 which is re-filled by a tube 18 which discharges into the trap 17 at 19. The upleg of the trap 17 connects into an aspirating conduit portion 20 which is coupled by a conduit portion or pipe 21 to the outlet 12. The aspirating portion 20 has a feed pipe 22 which terminates in a jet 23 facing the outlet 12 and discharging concentrically into the pipe 21. This jet 23 is fed with water under pressure, such as the domestic water pressure, through the pipe 24 which connects to valve mechanism to be described. Connected into the passageway 22 to the jet 23, there is a tube 25 which has its inlet end portion 26 connected to a reservoir 25a in communication with the trap 17 so that when water is discharged through the jet 23 a vacuum will be created in the reservoir 25a thereby emptying the trap of water and providing a direct connection from the bowl 4- through the inlet 16 to the downleg 11 via the trap 17, the pipe 21, outlet 12, conduit 13 and side wall opening 14 so that gases will be sucked from the bowl into the downleg.

The tank 1 has an inlet pipe 27 (FIG. 2) connected to a source of water under pressure such as the domestic water supply. The pipe 27 (see FIG. 5) connects at its upper end to a T-shaped conduit 28 having at the end of one arm, a valve 29 and at the end of its other arm, a valve 30. The valve 29 contains a valve member 31 which is urged to its seat by a spring 32 and has a tiltable stem 33 which is actuated or tilted by a cam 34 on a shaft 35. The valve outlet chamber discharges into a vacuum breaker having an outlet chamber 37. A valve member 38 which has a spring urging it to closed position controls the inlet to the chamber 37. The chamber 37 is closed to atmosphere by the valve member 38 when water under pressure enters the chamber 36, the valve member 38 being moved by the water pressure to close the vacuum breaker atmospheric outlet 39. The chamber 37 connects through an outlet 40 (FIG. 1) to the pipe 24 which is the starter tube for the aspirating means which energizes the ventilating apparatus.

On the other end of the cross arm 28 (see FIG. 5), the inlet valve 30 to the flush tank is positioned. The valve 30 may be any of the usual valves available on the market. The valve member 41a has an operating plunger 41 (FIG. 5) which is moved up and down by a float or liquid level responsive means 42 (FIG. 1) carried by a lever arm 43 so that the valve member is opened when the level falls and is closed when the level is at the desired water line.

The outlet chamber of the valve 30 has an outlet 44 which is coupled by a union 45 (FIG. 1) to a tank filling means 46 (FIGS. 1 and 3) which comprises an elongated tubular member 47 having an upper cylindrical swirl chamber 48 and a lower cylindrical swirl chamber 49, each of these chambers being of annular form. The cylindrical inner wall 50 of the upper chamber flares outward and downward as at 51 to merge into the cylindrical outer wall 52 of the lower swirl chamber. The upper chamber 48 has an outer wall 53 which is of substantially the same the bottom Wall 62 of the tank 1, see

diameter as the lower chamber outer wall 52, the wall 53 having its lower end portion recessed internally so that it forms an annular downward facing shoulder to seat upon the upward facing shoulder of an exterior annular portion of the outer wall 52 as at 54. The outer wall 53 terminates at its upper end in an annular end wall 55 which has at its inner periphery a depending tubular portion or wall 56 which extends downward to, or slightly below, the upper end 57 of the inner wall the walls 56 and being spaced laterally from each other to provide an annular inlet 58 to the upper end of the chamber 49.

The lower end of the chamber 49 is closed by an end wall member 59 which is of annular form and has a downward extending tubular portion 59. Fitting into the tubular portion 69 there is a cylindrical discharge conduit or filling tube 61 which extends downward substantially to FIG. 3. This tube or conduit 61 has its upper end portion 63 extending upward within the wall 52 and fforms the inner wall of the lower chamber 4-9. The upper wall portion 63 of the tube 61 is spaced as at 64 from the flared wall portion 51 so as to provide an annular inlet to the chamber 49. The coupling 45 is threaded onto the inlet tube 65 which discharges as at 66 tangentially into the chamber 4-3 adjacent to its lower end. The direction of flow being counterclockwise when viewing the swirl of the water in plan view. At the upper end of the chamber 48 on the other side from the inlet 6-5 there is an outlet d8 (FIGS. 1 and 4) which is connected to the inlet end of the tube 18 which is the refill tube, above mentioned, for the trap 17 of the ventilating apparatus. Adjacent to the lower end of the chamber 49 there is a tangential outlet through its outer wall as at 7%) which has its inlet directed to receive the swirl of the water in the lower chamber 49. The tangential outlet 70 has a tubular outer end fitting 71 for connection to a control valve 72.

The valve 72 has a housing or casing formed of two members 73 and 74 (FIG. 7). The member 73 is of generally cup like form having an internal chamber 75 which is generally sector shaped, see FIG. 8. The housing member 73 has an inlet conduit or passageway through a tubular inlet member 76a which is connected to the tangential outlet fitting member 71 of the tank filling means 46. The inlet passageway 76 is aligned with an outlet passageway 77 in the cover member 74 which is secured by screws or the like 78 to the rim of the chamber '75, the same being sealed thereto by a gasket 79. Through the end wall of the casing member 73 and parallel to the passageway 76 there is a shaft bearing aperture 30 which is aligned with a shaft bearing recess 81 formed in the cover member 74. Within the casing chamber 75 there is a valve member 82 of sector-like form. This valve member 82 has a port 85 therethrough which is swingable or movable into open position wherein it is in registry or alignment with the passageways 76 and 77. The valve member 82 is mounted rigidly on a shaft 86 which is journaled in the bearing apertures 89 and 81. The shaft 86 is held away from the end wall of the recess 81 by an extension spacer member 87 which is accurately dimensioned in thickness so that the valve member 82 has a leakage spacing or clearance from the cover member 74 of substantially 20-thousandths of an inch, as indicated at 88. The reason for this leakage will be explained later. The other face of valve member 82 is spaced from casing member 73 by a clearance boss or annular member on the shaft 86.

The external end of the shaft 86 has a lever means 90 rigidly secured thereto, the means 9% having a lever arm or member 91 (FIGS. 2 and 4) extending upward and a lever arm or member 92 extending downward at an inclination and having a bifurcated lower end portion as at 93. The passageway 77 (FIG. 3) which leads from the valve casing 72 extends through a tubular fitting 95 on which is sleeved an expansion washer or sealing ring 95 which is clamped between end nuts 97 and 98 which are threaded on the fitting 95, a spacer sleeve 99 may also be provided between the nut 97 and the sealing ring 95. The fitting 95 extends into an inlet aperture 1% (FIGS. 1 and 3) formed in an inlet nipple through the front Wall 3 of the tank 1, the aperture or inlet port 1%!) being at the inlet end of the passageway 55 which leads to the bowl rim passageway 6.

The bowl flushing passageway 5 (FIG. 1) is supplied with water from the tank 1 through its bottom well through the outlet passageway 101, see FIG. 2, in a fitting which connects the tank to the closet (not shown) as the arrangement is well known. The passage 191 (FIG. 2) has a valve seat 102 at its upper end. Oooperable with the seat 102 is a flapper type valve member 193 carried by a lever arm 194 which is pivoted at 105 on a shaft which passes through a supporting arm 105 which is rigid with the valve seat member 192. The arm 104 has connected to it a second arm 107 which supports a horizontally extendmg float member 198 and a time delay container or chamber 109 which has a drain or bleed hole 110 in its bottom end. The float 108 assists in opening the valve 103 once it is moved from its seat 102 and also forms part of the time delay means, the other part being provided by the container 109 which is an overcenter means. The time delay is established by the volumetric capacity of the container 199 and the size of the drain hole 110, the liquid level in the tank 1 being indicated by the line L shown on FIG. 2 above the container 109. Secured to the upper top end of the container 199 as at 111, there is a flexible operating member 112 which may be in the form of a bead chain. This chain is connected at its other end to the bifurcated end 93 of the lever 92. The length of the container 109 and the dimension from its pivot 105 to its upper end at 111 is such relative to the distance between the fulcrum of the lever 90 and the pivot 195 that when the valve is unoved to open position, the end 111 of the container 199 will abut the lever 92 as indicated by the broken lines 114 (FIG. 2). This engagement of the container 109 with the arm 92 of lever 90 serves to hold the lever 90 in operated position and therefore the valve member 82 in open position so that water can flow to the rim passageway 6. There is the usual safety overflow conduit 114a, see FIG. 2, which discharges at 1141) into the outlet passageway 191 beneath the valve member 103. This flush valve 103 is described in Hurko Patent, No. 2,773,268, granted Dec. 11, 1956.

Through the side wall 115 (FIGS. 1 and 2) 0f the tank 1, there is an opening through which a sleeve 116 extends. The sleeve 116 is sealed in the wall opening and is enlarged on its outer or external end 117 which guides a hollow push-pull plunger member 118. The hand or finger grip member 118 carries rigidly a plunger 119 which extends into the tank 1 and has at its interior free end an adjust-able end portion 120 (FIG. 2) which is movable into engagement with the lever arm 91 of the control valve 72. Also carried by the plunger 119 is an arm 121 which has a link or pull rod 122 connected thereto, the rod 122 being adjustable in length by a threaded connection 123. The end of the rod 122 is formed as a hook engageable at 124 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 5) with a lever 125 having an aperture through which the rod 122 extends. The lever 125 is rigid with the shaft 35 of the valve 29, FIG. 5. The lost motion connection 124. between the link 122 and the lever 125 permits the push-pull rod 119 to be moved inward by manual pressure on the member 118 without operating the valve member 31 (FIG. 5) when the latter is in its closed position so that the ventilating apparatus is not turned on when the push-pull rod 119 is moved inwardly. Such inward movement of the shaft or plunger 119 however, acts through the end portion 120 against the lever arm 91 to rotate the valve member 82 to open position and also rotates the lever arm 92 clockwise or toward the left facing FIG. 2 so that the chain 112 is pulled to the [left thereby pivoting the valve member 103 to open position.

The member 118 is externally tapered so that it is easily grasped by the fingers for a pulling movement away from the tank wall 115, which pulling movement will act through the lost-motion connection 124 to rotate the lever 125 in a counterclockwise direction, facing FIG. 2, which will open the valve member 31 and start the ventilating apparatus. The rods 122 has an extension or protrusion 122a spaced from the hook on the end of rod 122. The protrusion 122a is adapted to engage the lever 125 when the plunger 119 is moved inwardly upon completion of ventilation to shut the valve member 31.

Operation With the water closet installed for operation, when it is desired to flush the closet bowl, the plunger knob 118 is pushed inward. This inward movement acts through the plunger rod end portion "120 to rotate the lever or lever arm 91 toward the right or clockwise, facing FIG. 2 which opens the valve member 82 so that the port 85 is aligned with the passageways 76 and 77. This movement of the lever arm 91 also acts through the lever arm 92 to pull on the flexible member 112 to tilt the valve member 103 from its seat 102 thereby opening the bottom outlet of the tank 1 to the passageway 101 and causing flushing water to discharge from the tank 1 through the passageway 5 into the closet bowl below the liquid level and oif center so as to establish a counterclockwise water swirl. The water in the bowl will rise and overflow the usual water trap dam and flow down the downleg 11 of the waste outlet siphon which will create a suction or vacuum through the ventilating means outlet 14 of the conduit 13 leading to the ventilating apparatus. As the float 108 and time delay container 109 of the valve 103 rotate counterclockwise to over center position, the container 109 will have its end portion 111 engage the lever arm 92 to hold the lever arm 92 and the lever arm 91 in their valve opening positions as shown in broken lines in FIG. 2. The opening of the valve 103 will cause the water level in the tank 1 to rapidly lower thereby causing the float 42 to move downward within the tank 1 which will open the valve member 41a of the water inlet valve 30. Water will flow under city water pressure to the valve outlet 44 to the tangential inlet 66 (FIG. 3) into the upper chamber 48 of the tank filling means 46. Due to the centrifugal effects arising from its tangential entry into the chamber 48, water spins or swirls in the chamber 48 and because it cannot escape out the lower end of the chamber 48 it swirls around the chamber 48, filling it. By reason of the end wall 55, the water will then turn downward through the inlet 53 to continue with swirling action against the inner wall of member 50 as it flows into the lower chamber 49 through the annular passageway 64. As it begins to move downwardly the water still retains enough of a centrifugal motion to continue to swirl against the inside surface of the member 50 and will discharge through the tangential outlet 70 into the passage way 76 and through the open valve 82. The water discharging through valve port 85 into the passageway 77 will flow into the rim supply passageway 8 and discharge through the punchings or rim water outlet ports 7 into the bowl 4. This rim supplied water will supplement the water discharging into the bowl through the main passageway 5 (FIG. 1) and will serve to wash down the side walls of the bowl 4.

The swirling motion of the water in the chamber 48 will also discharge through its outlet 68 (FIG. 4) into the refill tube 18 (FIG. 9) and thence into the ventilating apparatus water trap 17 and its inlet 19. Any excess water discharging into the trap 17 will overflow into passageway 16 and thence flow to the rim passageway 6 into the bowl 4 and bowl trap (not shown) for replenishing the same. The time delay means 109 of the flush valve 103 will hold the valve 103 open and the valve 82 also open until the water discharges from the container 109 through the drainhole 110 whereupon the weight of unbuoyed float 108 will over 'balance the weight of the empty or substantially empty container 109 and will cause the valve 103 to move to the closed position. As soon as the container 109 moves away from the lever arm 92, the flexible member 112 will act on the arm 92 to pull it to its initial position as shown in full line in FIG. 2 wherein the valve 82 will "be closed, as in FIG. 8. With the valve 82 in closed position, the water cannot exit therethrough, and therefore rises over the end of portion 63 of tube 61 and goes down the inside of the latter tube in a swirling motion and refills the tank 1 ready for another flushing operation. However, as long as the valve member 41a remains open, which will be until the level of the water in the tank 1 reaches the line L, there will be some water flowing through the valve casing 72 and the passageway 77 due to the clearance 88 of the gate valve 82. This water which by-passes the valve 82 will replenish the bowl and bowl trap (not shown) in conjunction with overflow, if any, from the trap 17. With the arrangement and operation of the upper and lower swirl chambers 48 and 49 respectively, as described, it Will be evident that if a vacuum or reduced pressure should occur in the supply pipe 27, water cannot accidentally be drawn from the flush tank or from the rim flush or water closet bowl into the water supply system. If such reduced pressure should occur, the fact that the central opening defined by the wall 56 is always open to atmosphere at the top thereof will prevent water from being drawn from the filling tube '61 or passageway 77 into the tube 65. Because the top of the overflow tube 114a (FIG. 2) is located at an elevation lower than that of the annular inlet 58 (FIG. 3), water in the flush tank will never reach the elevation of the annular inlet 58. Accordingly, the opening 66 will always be exposed to the atmosphere above the water in the flush tank, and it would be impossible to draw water from the tube 61 or 77 through the opening 66 and eventually into the inlet pipe. This arrangement therefore provides a safety feature in that it prevents backfiow of Water into the supply system in the event a vacuum or reduced pressure should occur in the supply system.

When it is desired to ventilate the toilet bowl, the plunger knob 118 is pulled outwardly or away from the tank wall This movement will retract the plunger 119 pulling on the linkage 122 thereby to engage the lever on 125 and cause it to be pulled toward the left or in a counterclockwise direction, facing FIG. 2. This movement of the lever arm 125 will rotate the shaft 35 (FIG. 5) in a counterclockwise direction, thereby causing the cam means 34 to engage the valve stem 33 and open the valve member 31 with the result that water under domestic line pressure from the passageway 28 will flow into the chamber 36 and force the valve 38 to open position. The valve member 38 will close the atmospheric inlet of the siphon breaker'39 and will cause water to flow to the outlet 40 (FIG. 1) into the starter tube 24 which supplies water to the aspirator water line 22. The water under pressure discharging to the aspirator jet 23 and downward into the conduit 21 will create a vacuum or low pressure in the reservoir 25a by way of the conduit 25 so that water in the trap 17 will be drawn into the reservoir 25a and a pressure difference will be created between the pressure of the air or gases in the bowl 4 and the pressure in the conduit 21 and downleg 11. This pressure differential will cause the gases to flow from the bowl 4 upward through the outlet rim punchings 7 and the conduit 9 and 16 and hence into the passageway 17 and the conduits 21 and 13 into the downleg 11 thereby ventilating the water closet bowl.

It should be noted that when the aspirator jet 23 is in operation there will be a reduced pressure created in the suction tube or conduit 25 which will create a reduced pressure in the reservoir 25a thereby causing evacuation of the liquid in trap 17 and the operation of the ventilata ing apparatus. After ventilation is completed, the ventilatin g apparatus trap 17 is refilled by water flowing through the tube 18 and outlet 19.

It will be apparent that the closet bowl can be ventilated without flushing the toilet by pulling outwardly as described above, on the knob 118. Since this movement will open the valve member 31, there will be a dischar e of water through the jet 23 into the conduit 21 which will cause the trap 17 to empty and cause air and/ or gases to flow from the bowl through the punchings 7 and outlet 9 into the ventilating apparatus. This airflow will continue as long as the valve member 31 is kept open. After the ventilating apparatus operation is completed the knob 118 is pushed inwardly. This inward movement pushes the plunger 119 inwardly such that the protrusions 122a on rod 122 come into engagement with the lever 125 to rotate the latter clockwise (facing FIG. 2) to thereby close the valve member 31 and terminate operation of the ventilating apparatus. The protrusions 122a are arranged on rod 122 such that inward movement of the rod 119 shuts the valve member 31 by means of the protrusions 122:: while at the same time the valve member 103 and 82 are opened to start the bowl flush and rim flush. With this arrangement the ventilating apparatus cannot be stopped without going through a flushing cycle, thereby assuring that the trap 17 in the ventilating apparatus will be replenished after each cycle of operation.

In the tube 61 (FIG. 3) there is a drain hole 67 leading from the bottom end of the chamber 49 into the tube 61 to drain the bottom of chamber 49 when the swirling action is reduced and the valve member 41a in the final stages of being shut off by the float 42.

If for any reason the water should rise in the tank 1 to the maximum level, as determined by the level of the mouth of the overflow 114, no adverse siphonic action could occur if the Water pressure in the inlet line 27 was subjected to a reduced pressure. The reason for this is that the water in the tank 1 would first have to move into the chamber 48 over the upper wall 55 of the member 53. This upper wall 55 is above the maximum depth of the water, and therefore no such reverse flow can occur.

The invention hereinabove described may be varied in construction within the scope of the claim, for the particular device selected to illustrate the invention is but 5% one of many possible embodiments of the same. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted to the precise details of the structure shown and described.

What is claimed is:

1. In a water closet flushing apparatus, a tank vertically extending hollow tank filling means positioned within said tank, said means having an upper cylindrical swirl chamber and a lower cylindrical swirl chamber, the inner wall of said lower chamber comprising a discharge conduit, the inner -wall of said upper chamber merging into the outer wall of said lower chamber, said discharge conduit discharging into said tank, said chambers each having the upper ends of their inner walls terminating below the upper ends of their outer walls whereby liquid supplied to said upper chamber can overflow its inner wall for discharge into said lower chamber and liquid supplied to said lower chamber can overflow its inner wall for discharge through said conduit into said tank, said upper chamber having a substantially tangential inlet through its outer wall, and said lower chamber having a substantially tangential outlet through its outer wall for supplying water to a closet.

References (Iited UNITED STATES PATENTS 936,561 10/1909 Pennington 472 1,004,917 10/1911 Shadall 4215 1,137,196 4/1915 Duff 4-215 1,180,177 4/1916 Muckenhirn 4-72 1,242,251 10/1917 Shadall 4-215 1,303,974 5/1919 Shadall 4-215 1,372,125 3/1921 Dreier 137-561 2,302,274 11/1942 Svirsky 137216 2,312,654 3/1943 Langdon 137-216 2,479,997 8/1949 Brown 137561 2,686,035 8/1954 Wuesthoff 137216 2,705,808 4/1955 Crockett 4-57 2,706,818 4/1955 Graziosi 457 2,800,923 7/1957 Russell 137-6362 2,839,083 6/1958 Moen 137-636.2 3,107,747 10/1963 Parkison 137216 WILLIAM F. ODEA, Primary Examiner.

D. H. LAMBERT, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. IN A WATER CLOSET FLUSHING APPARATUS, A TANK VERTCALLY EXTENDING HOLLOW TANK FILLING MEANS POSITIONED WITH IN SAID TANK, SAID MEANS HAVING AN UPPER CYLINDRICAL SWIRL CHAMBER AND A LOWER CYLINDRICAL SWIRL CHAMBER, THE INNER WALL OF SAID LOWER CHAMBER COMPRISING A DISCHARGE CONDUIT, THE INNER WALL OF SAID UPPER CHAMBER MERGING INTO THE OUTER WALL OF SAID LOWER CHAMBER, SAID DISCHARGE CONDUIT DISCHARGING INTO SAID TANK, SAID CHAMBERS EACH HAVING THE UPPER ENDS OF THEIR INNER WALLS TERMINATING BELOW THE UPPER ENDS OF THEIR OUTER WALLS WHEREBY LIQUID SUPPLIED TO SAID UPPER CHAMBER CAN OVERFLOW ITS INNER WALL FOR DISCHARGE INTO SAID LOWER CHAMBER AND LIQUID SUPPLIED TO SAID LOWER CHAMBER CAN OVERFLOW ITS INNER WALL FOR DISCHARGE THROUGH SAID CONDUIT INTO SAID TANK, SAID UPPER CHAMBER HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY TANGEN-

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