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US3272231A - Apparatus for dividing flow - Google Patents

Apparatus for dividing flow Download PDF

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Publication number
US3272231A
US3272231A US349635A US34963564A US3272231A US 3272231 A US3272231 A US 3272231A US 349635 A US349635 A US 349635A US 34963564 A US34963564 A US 34963564A US 3272231 A US3272231 A US 3272231A
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Prior art keywords
inlet port
splitter
port
exit
distribution
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Expired - Lifetime
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US349635A
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Livingston Richard Donnan
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to US349635A priority Critical patent/US3272231A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L41/00—Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
    • F16L41/02—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted
    • F16L41/03—Branch units, e.g. made in one piece, welded, riveted comprising junction pieces for four or more pipe members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
    • G05D11/02—Controlling ratio of two or more flows of fluid or fluent material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the distribution of a viscous uid under laminar ow conditions from a single source to a plurality of delivery ports and more particularly to an improved apparatus for insuring proper splitting of the viscous fluid.
  • a tree-like cascade manifold is one known convenient way of d-ividing a main stream of liquid into several streams.
  • the improved flow splitter apparatus of this invention comprises a body member having a circular inlet port therein, a plurality ⁇ of equi-spaced, coplanar discharge ports substantially perpendicular to the axis of the inlet port and each having an identical circular exit portion and tapering to an identical rectangular cross-section at the intersections with the inlet por-t.
  • the dimensions of the rectangular cross-section are such that the longer side, parallel to the plane of the discharge por-ts, is equal to or greater than the diameter of the circular exit portion, and t-he shorter side is less than one-half the diameter of the circular cross-sections.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of a ow splitter for splitting an inlet stream into live branch streams
  • FIGURE 2 is a section view taken along lines 2 2 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a section view taken along lines 3-3 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional 'view of another embodiment of a splitter
  • FIGURE 5 is a section view taken along lines 5-5 of FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURE 6 is a section view taken along lines 6 6 of FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 Illustrated in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 is a live-point splitter 10 which comprises body member 12 having therein inlet port 14 leading to the live exit ports 16.
  • the inlet port 14 is circular through its entire length while exit ports 16 are circular at the exit ends but taper to a rectangular opening 18 at the intersection with the inlet port 14.
  • the width yof the rectangular opening is the same as the diameter of the exit port 16.
  • the exit ports 16 and the rectangular openings 18 are coplanar; the plane being perpendicular to the axis of the inlet port 14.
  • the height of the rectangular opening 18 is less than the diameter of the circular exit port 16. It is, of course, -to be recognized that when this flow splitter is used for the distribution of molten polymers, the flow splitter 10 is suitably encased in a heated jacket.
  • the molten polymer is brought to the inlet port 14, ows to the center of body member 12 where it is split into five separate streams.
  • the polymer leaves the inlet por-t area through the rectangular openings 18.
  • These rectangular openings 18 intersect one another in such a manner that there are no dead spots at the distribution point.
  • Equal portions of the fast-moving innercore material and slower-moving outer-material coming -in inlet port 14 are distributed to each exit port 16.
  • the molten polymer sweeps clean as it moves to the exit port 16. There are no recesses, crevices or dead zones rwhere molten polymer can be held-up and either degrade or change characteristics due to a longer time at the elevated temperature.
  • the fourpoint splitter 20 consists of body member 22 with a circular inlet port 24 and four circular exit ports 26.
  • the exit ports 26 taper to rectangular openings 28.
  • the height of the rectangular opening 28 is less than the diameter of the exit port 26 and the width of the rectangular openings 28 is larger than the diameter of the exit port 26.
  • t-he taper of the fivepoint splitter 10 between the exit port 16 and the rectangular port 18 has a si-mple angle
  • the ltaper on the four-point splitter 20 has a compound angle. Either can be used with either embodiment, depending upon the design that is desired.
  • the essential point is that there are no dead spots between the inlet port 24 and the openings 28, and between adjacent openings.
  • opening 30 into which can be 4placed a temperature or pressure probe is also shown in FIGURE 4, in dashed-outline form.
  • a temperature or pressure probe is also shown in dashed-outline form.
  • the only limitation on this probe is that it ts into opening 30 in such a manner that no dead spot-s develop.
  • flow splitters can be used in any distribution system. For example, they could be advantageously utilized with a screw melter supplying molten polymer which would first go to a five-point splitter and then to tive four-point splitters, thus distributing to 20 extrusion heads from a single source of supply.
  • Another variation that Imight be used is to have a threeor four-point splitter after the source of polymer melt, each exit from the splitter leading to a plurality of ⁇ distribution systems such as that shown by U.S. Patent 3,103,942, issued to Sharp, dated September 17, 1963.
  • the width of the rectangular opening represents the longer side and is parallel with the plane of the discharge ports.
  • the rst example is a tivepoint splitter with the inlet port having a diameter of .891 inch, the exit ports having diameters of .577 inch, the width of the rectangular opening being .577 inch, and the height of the rectangular opening being .180 inch.
  • the total included angle of the taper -from the exit port to the rectangular opening is 20.
  • a second example is a four-point splitter with the diameter of the inlet port being .577 inch, the diameter of the exit port being .286 inch, the width of the rectangular opening being .500 inch and the height of the rectangular opening 18 being .080 inch.
  • a third example is a three-point splitter with the diameter of the inlet port being 2.24 inches, the diameter of the exit port being 1.94 inches, the width of the rectangu, lar opening being 1.94 inches and the height -of the rectangular opening being .84 inch.
  • the configuration does not have to be flat.
  • the terminal portion could be in the shape of a pyramid or be conical or be some rosette-type of shape which would Iproject above or below the plane of the flat bottom.
  • the only requirement is that the terminal portion should be radially symmetrical with respect to the exit ports.
  • An improved ilow splitter apparatus for the distribution of a viscous liquid from a single inlet to a plurality of -outlets which comprises a body member having a single inlet port therein, a plurality of equi-spaced, coplanar discharge ports substantially perpendicular to the axis 0f said single port and each having a circular exit portion and tapering to a rectangular cross-section in contact with said sin-gle inlet port.
  • An improved flow splitter apparatus for the distribution of a viscous liquid from a single inlet to a plurality of outlets which comprises a body member having a single inlet port therein, a plurality of equi-spaced, co
  • planar discharge -ports substantially perpendicular to the axis of said single port and each having a circular exit portion and tapering to a rectangular cross-section in contact with said single inlet port, and the dimensions of said rectangular cross-section bein-gl such that the longer side,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

Sept 13 1965 R. D. LIVINGSTON APPARATUS FOR DIVIDING FLOW 2 sheets-sheet 2 l Filed March 5, 1964 www Wmv
, INVENTOR United States Patent O ice 3,272,231 Patented Sept. 13, 1966 3,272,231 APPARATUS FOR DIVIDING FLOW Richard Donnan Livingston, Seaford, Del., assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Filed Mar. 5, 1964, Ser. No. 349,635 8 Claims. (Cl. 137-561) This invention relates to the distribution of a viscous uid under laminar ow conditions from a single source to a plurality of delivery ports and more particularly to an improved apparatus for insuring proper splitting of the viscous fluid.
Systems for distributing liquids from a .single source to a plurality of discharge points are common and various systems have been employed in an attempt to provide even distribution of the liquid. A tree-like cascade manifold is one known convenient way of d-ividing a main stream of liquid into several streams. Y
Generally, no diiiiculty is encountered in the use of the known systems for distribution where the liquid is of low viscosity and relatively stable. However, with -highly viscous, relatively unstable systems such as encountered in the handling of molten streams. of high polymers such as nylon and polyethylene terephthala-te, the problem of maintaining equal residence times in a distribution system for the various streams becomes severe. This is particularly true in the distribution of a ymolten polymer, such as nylon, to a plurality of devices having extrusion oriiices, since the physical properties of the polymer change with time at high temperature. The differences in residence time to the various streams lead to non-uniformities in the final products of the extrusion orifices.
It is also essential in such a distribution system that there be no dead spots where polymer can hold up, stagnate and then Slough-off and ow into the main stream and cause degradation of the final product. The elimination of dead spots in round piping is quite simple. However, at the distribution points, that is, the Ts or flowsplitting junctions, there is a considerable number of dead spots at the junction of round connections. This invention seeks to eliminate these dead spots in the flow splitters.
It is the object of this invention to provide an improved apparatus for -the proper distribution or splitting of viscous liquids from a single source to a plurality of delivery ports, without any dead spots for stagnation of time-dependent materials. Another object is to provide a simple economical apparatus for accomplishing this. Other objects will become apparent from the description and discussion to follow.
The improved flow splitter apparatus of this invention comprises a body member having a circular inlet port therein, a plurality `of equi-spaced, coplanar discharge ports substantially perpendicular to the axis of the inlet port and each having an identical circular exit portion and tapering to an identical rectangular cross-section at the intersections with the inlet por-t. In the preferred embodiment, the dimensions of the rectangular cross-section are such that the longer side, parallel to the plane of the discharge por-ts, is equal to or greater than the diameter of the circular exit portion, and t-he shorter side is less than one-half the diameter of the circular cross-sections.
Reference is made to the 'accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of a ow splitter for splitting an inlet stream into live branch streams;
FIGURE 2 is a section view taken along lines 2 2 of FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 3 is a section view taken along lines 3-3 of FIGURE 2;
FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional 'view of another embodiment of a splitter;
FIGURE 5 is a section view taken along lines 5-5 of FIGURE 4; and
FIGURE 6 is a section view taken along lines 6 6 of FIGURE 5.
Illustrated in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 is a live-point splitter 10 which comprises body member 12 having therein inlet port 14 leading to the live exit ports 16. The inlet port 14 is circular through its entire length while exit ports 16 are circular at the exit ends but taper to a rectangular opening 18 at the intersection with the inlet port 14. In this embodiment, the width yof the rectangular opening is the same as the diameter of the exit port 16. The exit ports 16 and the rectangular openings 18 are coplanar; the plane being perpendicular to the axis of the inlet port 14. The height of the rectangular opening 18 is less than the diameter of the circular exit port 16. It is, of course, -to be recognized that when this flow splitter is used for the distribution of molten polymers, the flow splitter 10 is suitably encased in a heated jacket.
In use, the molten polymer is brought to the inlet port 14, ows to the center of body member 12 where it is split into five separate streams. The polymer leaves the inlet por-t area through the rectangular openings 18. These rectangular openings 18 intersect one another in such a manner that there are no dead spots at the distribution point. Equal portions of the fast-moving innercore material and slower-moving outer-material coming -in inlet port 14 are distributed to each exit port 16. With the at bottom of the inlet port 14 and the rectangular openings 18, the molten polymer sweeps clean as it moves to the exit port 16. There are no recesses, crevices or dead zones rwhere molten polymer can be held-up and either degrade or change characteristics due to a longer time at the elevated temperature.
In FIGURES 4, 5 and 6 another embodiment is illustrated. Similar to the tive-point splitter 10, the fourpoint splitter 20 consists of body member 22 with a circular inlet port 24 and four circular exit ports 26. The exit ports 26 taper to rectangular openings 28. In this embodiment, the height of the rectangular opening 28 is less than the diameter of the exit port 26 and the width of the rectangular openings 28 is larger than the diameter of the exit port 26. While t-he taper of the fivepoint splitter 10 between the exit port 16 and the rectangular port 18 has a si-mple angle, the ltaper on the four-point splitter 20 has a compound angle. Either can be used with either embodiment, depending upon the design that is desired. The essential point is that there are no dead spots between the inlet port 24 and the openings 28, and between adjacent openings.
Also shown in FIGURE 4, in dashed-outline form, is opening 30 into which can be 4placed a temperature or pressure probe. The only limitation on this probe is that it ts into opening 30 in such a manner that no dead spot-s develop.
These flow splitters can be used in any distribution system. For example, they could be advantageously utilized with a screw melter supplying molten polymer which would first go to a five-point splitter and then to tive four-point splitters, thus distributing to 20 extrusion heads from a single source of supply. Another variation that Imight be used is to have a threeor four-point splitter after the source of polymer melt, each exit from the splitter leading to a plurality of `distribution systems such as that shown by U.S. Patent 3,103,942, issued to Sharp, dated September 17, 1963.
While any known machining technique can be used, the preferred -method of -making these splitters is by the investment casting process.
Specilic examples of the ldimensions of the flow splitters of this invention can be given. These examples are intended to be merely illustrative of the invention but not in limitation thereof. The width of the rectangular opening represents the longer side and is parallel with the plane of the discharge ports. The rst example is a tivepoint splitter with the inlet port having a diameter of .891 inch, the exit ports having diameters of .577 inch, the width of the rectangular opening being .577 inch, and the height of the rectangular opening being .180 inch. The total included angle of the taper -from the exit port to the rectangular opening is 20.
A second example is a four-point splitter with the diameter of the inlet port being .577 inch, the diameter of the exit port being .286 inch, the width of the rectangular opening being .500 inch and the height of the rectangular opening 18 being .080 inch.
A third example is a three-point splitter with the diameter of the inlet port being 2.24 inches, the diameter of the exit port being 1.94 inches, the width of the rectangu, lar opening being 1.94 inches and the height -of the rectangular opening being .84 inch.
Referring to the terminal portions of inlet ports 14 and 24 in FIGURES 1 and 4 respectively, it should be recognized that the configuration does not have to be flat. For example, the terminal portion could be in the shape of a pyramid or be conical or be some rosette-type of shape which would Iproject above or below the plane of the flat bottom. The only requirement is that the terminal portion should be radially symmetrical with respect to the exit ports.
It i-s to be understood that the foregoing description is by way of example only and that various modifications and changes in the details may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. An improved ilow splitter apparatus for the distribution of a viscous liquid from a single inlet to a plurality of -outlets which comprises a body member having a single inlet port therein, a plurality of equi-spaced, coplanar discharge ports substantially perpendicular to the axis 0f said single port and each having a circular exit portion and tapering to a rectangular cross-section in contact with said sin-gle inlet port.
2. An improved flow splitter apparatus for the distribution of a viscous liquid from a single inlet to a plurality of outlets which comprises a body member having a single inlet port therein, a plurality of equi-spaced, co
planar discharge -ports substantially perpendicular to the axis of said single port and each having a circular exit portion and tapering to a rectangular cross-section in contact with said single inlet port, and the dimensions of said rectangular cross-section bein-gl such that the longer side,
parallel with the plane of said discharge ports, is equal to' or greater than the diameter of said circular exit portion; and the Ishorter side is less than one-half the diameter ofl said circular exit portion.
3. The improved flow splitter apparatus of claim 2 wherein there are ve equi-spaced, coplanar discharge ports. l
4. The improved flow splitter apparatus of claim 3 wherein the longer side of said rectangular cross-section is equal to the diameter of `said circular exit portion.
5. The improved ilow splitter apparatus of claim 2v wherein there are `four equi-spaced, coplanar discharge ports.
6. The improved flow splitter apparatus of claim 5y No references cited.
M. CARY NELSON, Primary Examiner.
W. CLINE, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN IMPROVED FLOW SPLITTER APPARATUS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF A VISCOUS LIQUID FROM A SIGNAL INLET TO A PLURALITY OF OUTLETS WHICH COMPRISES A BODY MEMBER HAVING A SINGLE INLET PORT THEREIN, A PLURALITY OF EQUI-SPACED, COPLANAR DISCHARGE PORTS SUBSTANTIALLY PERPENDICULAR TO THE AXIS OF SAID SINGLE PORT AND EACH HAVING A CIRCULAR EXIT PORTION AND TAPERING TO A RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION IN CONTACT WITH SAID SINGLE INLET PORT.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3395730A (en) * 1965-06-24 1968-08-06 Sibe Devices for dividing into at least two portions a stream of a mixture of a liquid fluid and a gaseous fluid
US3640308A (en) * 1970-04-15 1972-02-08 Du Pont Apparatus for dividing and recombining flow
US4782857A (en) * 1986-02-07 1988-11-08 Sulzer Brothers Limited Method and apparatus for uniformly distributing solids-containing liquid
US4807663A (en) * 1987-07-24 1989-02-28 Jones James S Manifold for the application of agricultural ammonia
US10005097B2 (en) 2014-11-05 2018-06-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Die for coating suspensions with flow obstruction device and method of use

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3395730A (en) * 1965-06-24 1968-08-06 Sibe Devices for dividing into at least two portions a stream of a mixture of a liquid fluid and a gaseous fluid
US3640308A (en) * 1970-04-15 1972-02-08 Du Pont Apparatus for dividing and recombining flow
US4782857A (en) * 1986-02-07 1988-11-08 Sulzer Brothers Limited Method and apparatus for uniformly distributing solids-containing liquid
US4807663A (en) * 1987-07-24 1989-02-28 Jones James S Manifold for the application of agricultural ammonia
US10005097B2 (en) 2014-11-05 2018-06-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Die for coating suspensions with flow obstruction device and method of use

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