US2790770A - Grease composition - Google Patents
Grease composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2790770A US2790770A US2790770DA US2790770A US 2790770 A US2790770 A US 2790770A US 2790770D A US2790770D A US 2790770DA US 2790770 A US2790770 A US 2790770A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- soap
- oil
- grease
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000008116 organic polysulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- BZAJAXGFJFKELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(dodecylpentasulfanyl)dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSSSSSCCCCCCCCCCCC BZAJAXGFJFKELN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920001021 Polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 description 10
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 10
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IWLIGYVIVUNEFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;octadecaneperoxoic acid Chemical compound [Li].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OO IWLIGYVIVUNEFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 6
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940114072 12-hydroxystearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(0) Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 2
- -1 Calcium fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VTXVGVNLYGSIAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N DECANE-1-THIOL Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCS VTXVGVNLYGSIAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 2
- APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyloctadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940049964 Oleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- OJOJJFJFCMEQRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclohexanecarboxylate;lead(2+) Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)O[Pb]OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 OJOJJFJFCMEQRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZJGIYAGVUVFEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;lithium Chemical compound [Li].OO ZJGIYAGVUVFEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-M stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
- C10M2207/1265—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic used as thickening agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
- C10M2207/1285—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof used as thickening agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- Timken values obtained by subjecting the lubricant to the test machine correlate well with performance of the 4 lubricant under actual work load conditions.
- a second oil miscible lead soap should be added in sufiicient amounts to provide a lead to sulfur ratio of approximately 3:1 or somewhat higher.
- a lithium hydroxy stearate grease containing 5 weight percent of lead sulfurized tallate, 0.1 weight percent dodecyl pentasulfide and 1.5 weight percent of lead fish oil soap was found consistently to give passing Timken values of 50 to 55 pounds compared to 40 pounds for the best available competitive product known to us.
- the extreme pressure lubricating greases of our invention about 1 to 20 percent by weight of the lead soap of sulfurized tall oil may be used, but we have obtained best results in using about 5 percent of a 50 percent s'oil blend giving a lead content of approximately 05 weight percent in the finished grease composition.
- about 0.1 to 2 weight percent dodecyl pentasulfide may be employed although we prefer to use about 0.1 percent since the polysulfide tends to be corrosive in large amounts.
- Other polysulfides have value, provided they are suitably oil soluble.
- diisooctyl polysulfides such as the pentasulfides, and other oil-soluble organic polysulfides produced by sulfurization of mercaptans may be employed.
- alkyl mercaptans those of 8 to 13 carbon atoms are believed to be most useful, but the number of carbon atoms in the organic group may vary from 6 to 20.
- Cyclic polysulfides including alicyclic and aromatic types may be used. Phenyl polysulfide, for example, has value.
- the ratio of lead to sulfur in the finished grease is adjusted with advantage to about 3;1 by addition of a 2,790,770 Patented Apr. 30, 1957 soluble lead soap, advantageously the lead soap of fish oil.
- Other lead soaps such as lead naphthenate, lead stearate, lead oleate and the like may be used, but lead soaps of organic acids containing unsaturation are preferred. Although about 3:1 appears to give best results, the ratio may be varied over the range of about 2:1 to 4:1.
- the effectiveness of the additive combination applies in general to soap thickened lubricating grease compositions.
- incorporation of the additive combination in lithium greases, particularly of the lithium hydroxy stearate type has particular advantages in both load bearing properties and multipurpose utility.
- the additive combination may be added with value to soap thickened greases of the usual types, for example, sodium, lime or barium soap greases and the like.
- the soap content of the base grease may vary from about 2 percent to about 25 percent by weight.
- the organic portion of the soap may be derived from one of the usual sources such as tallow, hydrogenated castor oil, 12-hydroxy stearic acid and the like.
- the oil base for the grease may comprise any suitable oleaginous vehicle, for example, a refined lubricating oil fraction having a viscosity in the range of about 50 S. S. U. at 100 F. to about 300 S. S. U. at 210 F.
- the additives may be added to a finished grease stock, but in practice, it is usually desirable to incorporate the additives in the grease base during its initial manufacture, preferably at a temperature of upwards of about 220 F.
- the following data illustrate the eifectiveness of the additive combination of. the invention in imparting improved extreme pressure lubricating properties to a number of sample greases.
- the lead sulfurized tallate was prepared by the following procedure: Distilled tall oil (Indusoil) was heated at 330 F. with 10 percent of its weight of sulfur until a copper strip of 2-3 was obtained on heating at 250 F. for 1 hour. This required about 12 hours. The product contained about 9 percent of sulfur and had an acidity of 170 mg. KOH/gm.
- the lead soap was prepared as follows: 200 gms. of sulfurized tall oil, 10 ml. of butyl Cellosolve and 150 cc. of hot water were efiiciently stirred and warmed to 175 F. Lead oxide (67 gms.) was then gradually added. The reaction was considered complete when the lead oxide had disappeared (3 to 4 hours). The Water was drained and the product blown dry with air. The finished product contained approximately 20 percent lead and 6 percent sulfur. It was diluted to obtain a 50 percent oil concentrate containing 9.7 percent lead and 4.15 percent sulfur.
- the organic polysulfide used in the examples was ditertiary dodecyl pentasulfide prepared by sulfurization of dodecyl mercaptan. Enough sulfur was added to t-do decyl mercaptan to provide 35 to 40 percent sulfur in the finished pentasulfide. The reaction was conducted at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of alcoholic potash, e. g. 5 percent, for 3 to 4 hours. After removal of catalyst by settling, the product was washed with water.
- the lead fish oil soap was made by the procedure described in U. S. Patent 1,830,984 and contained the following ingredients: 28 pounds menhaden oil, 22 pounds litharge and 50 pounds petroleum oil to S. S. U. at 1
- the grease used for test purposes was prepared by neutralizing 6.3 pounds of 12-hydroxy stearic acid with 0.91 pound of lithium hydroxy mono-hydrate in a solvent extracted SAE-20 lubricating oil at 40% soap concentration. The neutralization was conducted at a temperature of about 200 F., and the reaction mixture was dehydrated by raising the temperature gradually to about 400 F. The mixture was allowed to cool while adding oil,
- Percent Calcium fatty acid soap 10.8 Water 1.1 Lead soap of sulfurized tall oil 3.0 Lead fish oil soap 1.0 Dodecyl pentasulfide 0.1 Asphaltic black oil of 118 S. S. U. at 210 F 83 The grease had an unworked penetration (ASTM) of 337 and a worked penetration of 332. It passed the Timken test at a test load of 40 pounds, failing at pounds, an excellent value for this type of grease.
- ASTM unworked penetration
- a lubricating grease composition which essentially comprises an oleaginous base thickened by a metal soap grease thickener, a lead soap of sulfun'zed tall oil, an oil soluble organic polysulfide and a second oil miscible lead soap in an amount increasing the ratio of lead to sulfur in the composition to the range of about 2:1 to 4:1.
- a lubricating grease composition which essentially comprises an oleaginous base thickened by a metal soap grease thickener, about 2 to 20 weight percent of a lead soap of sulfurized tall oil, about 0.1 to 2 weight percent of an oil soluble organic polysulfide and a second oil miscible lead soap in an amount increasing the ratio of lead to sulfur in the composition to the range of about 2:1 to 4: 1.
- composition of claim 2 in which the organic polysulfide is adodecyl pentasulfide.
- composition of claim 2 in which the second lead soap is lead fish oil soap.
- composition of claim 2 in which the soap is a lithium soap is a lithium soap.
- composition of claim 5 in which the lithium soap is a lithium hydroxy stearate. 7. The composition of claim 2 in which the soap is a calcium soap.
- composition of claim 2 in which the ratio of lead to sulfur is about 3:1.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
GREASE COMPOSITION Morton Fainman, Chicago, 11]., and Reuben A. Swenson,
Whiting, Ind., assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application November 29, 1954, Serial No. 471,878
9 Claims. (Cl. 25233.6)
and a lever system for applying the load to the test block.-
Timken values obtained by subjecting the lubricant to the test machine correlate well with performance of the 4 lubricant under actual work load conditions.
Although various lead and sulfur containing compositions are known to be useful as extreme pressure additives, identification of a lubricant formulation having sufficiently improved extreme pressure lubricating properties for commercial desirability is a difficult and highly empirical task. Thus, by far the great bulk of available additives and additive combinations which improve the Timken values of a lubricating grease do so to too minor a degree to justify the increased cost of the formulation. We have discovered that exceptionally high Timken values can be developed for extreme pressure lubricating grease by incorporation of a lead soap of sulfurized tall oil and a small, apparently catalytic, amount of an organic polysulfide such as dodecyl pentasulfide. For optimum results, a second oil miscible lead soap should be added in sufiicient amounts to provide a lead to sulfur ratio of approximately 3:1 or somewhat higher. For example, a lithium hydroxy stearate grease containing 5 weight percent of lead sulfurized tallate, 0.1 weight percent dodecyl pentasulfide and 1.5 weight percent of lead fish oil soap was found consistently to give passing Timken values of 50 to 55 pounds compared to 40 pounds for the best available competitive product known to us.
In formulating the extreme pressure lubricating greases of our invention, about 1 to 20 percent by weight of the lead soap of sulfurized tall oil may be used, but we have obtained best results in using about 5 percent of a 50 percent s'oil blend giving a lead content of approximately 05 weight percent in the finished grease composition. About 0.1 to 2 weight percent dodecyl pentasulfide may be employed although we prefer to use about 0.1 percent since the polysulfide tends to be corrosive in large amounts. Other polysulfides have value, provided they are suitably oil soluble. For example, diisooctyl polysulfides such as the pentasulfides, and other oil-soluble organic polysulfides produced by sulfurization of mercaptans may be employed. Of the alkyl mercaptans, those of 8 to 13 carbon atoms are believed to be most useful, but the number of carbon atoms in the organic group may vary from 6 to 20. Cyclic polysulfides including alicyclic and aromatic types may be used. Phenyl polysulfide, for example, has value.
The ratio of lead to sulfur in the finished grease is adjusted with advantage to about 3;1 by addition of a 2,790,770 Patented Apr. 30, 1957 soluble lead soap, advantageously the lead soap of fish oil. Other lead soaps such as lead naphthenate, lead stearate, lead oleate and the like may be used, but lead soaps of organic acids containing unsaturation are preferred. Although about 3:1 appears to give best results, the ratio may be varied over the range of about 2:1 to 4:1.
The effectiveness of the additive combination applies in general to soap thickened lubricating grease compositions. We have found, however, that incorporation of the additive combination in lithium greases, particularly of the lithium hydroxy stearate type, has particular advantages in both load bearing properties and multipurpose utility. The additive combination may be added with value to soap thickened greases of the usual types, for example, sodium, lime or barium soap greases and the like. The soap content of the base grease may vary from about 2 percent to about 25 percent by weight. The organic portion of the soap may be derived from one of the usual sources such as tallow, hydrogenated castor oil, 12-hydroxy stearic acid and the like. The oil base for the grease may comprise any suitable oleaginous vehicle, for example, a refined lubricating oil fraction having a viscosity in the range of about 50 S. S. U. at 100 F. to about 300 S. S. U. at 210 F.
The additives may be added to a finished grease stock, but in practice, it is usually desirable to incorporate the additives in the grease base during its initial manufacture, preferably at a temperature of upwards of about 220 F. The following data illustrate the eifectiveness of the additive combination of. the invention in imparting improved extreme pressure lubricating properties to a number of sample greases.
For the examples, the lead sulfurized tallate was prepared by the following procedure: Distilled tall oil (Indusoil) was heated at 330 F. with 10 percent of its weight of sulfur until a copper strip of 2-3 was obtained on heating at 250 F. for 1 hour. This required about 12 hours. The product contained about 9 percent of sulfur and had an acidity of 170 mg. KOH/gm. The lead soap was prepared as follows: 200 gms. of sulfurized tall oil, 10 ml. of butyl Cellosolve and 150 cc. of hot water were efiiciently stirred and warmed to 175 F. Lead oxide (67 gms.) was then gradually added. The reaction was considered complete when the lead oxide had disappeared (3 to 4 hours). The Water was drained and the product blown dry with air. The finished product contained approximately 20 percent lead and 6 percent sulfur. It was diluted to obtain a 50 percent oil concentrate containing 9.7 percent lead and 4.15 percent sulfur.
The organic polysulfide used in the examples was ditertiary dodecyl pentasulfide prepared by sulfurization of dodecyl mercaptan. Enough sulfur was added to t-do decyl mercaptan to provide 35 to 40 percent sulfur in the finished pentasulfide. The reaction was conducted at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of alcoholic potash, e. g. 5 percent, for 3 to 4 hours. After removal of catalyst by settling, the product was washed with water.
The lead fish oil soap was made by the procedure described in U. S. Patent 1,830,984 and contained the following ingredients: 28 pounds menhaden oil, 22 pounds litharge and 50 pounds petroleum oil to S. S. U. at 1 The grease used for test purposes was prepared by neutralizing 6.3 pounds of 12-hydroxy stearic acid with 0.91 pound of lithium hydroxy mono-hydrate in a solvent extracted SAE-20 lubricating oil at 40% soap concentration. The neutralization was conducted at a temperature of about 200 F., and the reaction mixture was dehydrated by raising the temperature gradually to about 400 F. The mixture was allowed to cool while adding oil,
until 93.36 pounds of oil were contained in the mixture, and about 0.2 pound of an anti-oxidant (phenylene amine type). After cooling to about, 200-250 F., the grease was milled and deaerated. The extreme pressure additives were added to the resulting ease byheating. to a temperature of about 250 F; and rehomogenizing. The test data on the grease examples. are tabulatedbelow.
Lead Timkcu Test Soap of Y LeadFish Dodecyl Test No. Sulf. Tall Oil Soap Hexasul Oil fide 0. K. Scar Load 160 F. The resulting grease had the following formula:
Percent Calcium fatty acid soap 10.8 Water 1.1 Lead soap of sulfurized tall oil 3.0 Lead fish oil soap 1.0 Dodecyl pentasulfide 0.1 Asphaltic black oil of 118 S. S. U. at 210 F 83 The grease had an unworked penetration (ASTM) of 337 and a worked penetration of 332. It passed the Timken test at a test load of 40 pounds, failing at pounds, an excellent value for this type of grease.
We claim:
1. A lubricating grease composition which essentially comprises an oleaginous base thickened by a metal soap grease thickener, a lead soap of sulfun'zed tall oil, an oil soluble organic polysulfide and a second oil miscible lead soap in an amount increasing the ratio of lead to sulfur in the composition to the range of about 2:1 to 4:1.
2. A lubricating grease composition which essentially comprises an oleaginous base thickened by a metal soap grease thickener, about 2 to 20 weight percent of a lead soap of sulfurized tall oil, about 0.1 to 2 weight percent of an oil soluble organic polysulfide and a second oil miscible lead soap in an amount increasing the ratio of lead to sulfur in the composition to the range of about 2:1 to 4: 1.
3. The composition of claim 2 in which the organic polysulfide is adodecyl pentasulfide.
4. The composition of claim 2 in which the second lead soap is lead fish oil soap.
5. The composition of claim 2 in which the soap is a lithium soap.
6. The composition of claim 5 in which the lithium soap is a lithium hydroxy stearate. 7. The composition of claim 2 in which the soap is a calcium soap.
8. The composition of claim 2 in which the soap is a barium soap.
9. The composition of claim 2 in which the ratio of lead to sulfur is about 3:1.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,110,281 Adams Mar. 8, 1938 2,233,203. Flaxman Feb. 25, 1941 2,252,087. McNab Aug. 12, 1941 2,576,031 Morway Nov. 20, 1951 2,614,079 Moore Oct. 14, 1952 2,666,744 Dixon Jan. 19, 1954
Claims (1)
1. A LUBRICATING GREASE COMPOSITION WHICH ESSENTIALLY COMPRISES AN OLEAGINOUS BASE THICKENED BY A METAL SOAP GREASE THICKENER, A LEAD SOAP OF SULFURIZED TALL OIL, AN OIL SOLUBLE ORGANIC POLYSULFIDE AND A SECOND OIL MISCIBLE LEAD SOAP IN AN AMOUNT INCREASING THE RATIO OF LEAD TO SULFUR IN THE COMPOSITION TO THE RANGE OF ABOUT 2:1 TO 4:1.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2790770A true US2790770A (en) | 1957-04-30 |
Family
ID=3446449
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2790770D Expired - Lifetime US2790770A (en) | Grease composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2790770A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1198352B (en) * | 1962-02-20 | 1965-08-12 | Woelm Fa M | Process for the preparation of di-n-alkyl pentasulfides |
| US3652415A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1972-03-28 | Frank E Bergeron | Lubricating compound |
| US3652414A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1972-03-28 | Frank E Bergeron | Anti-seize lubricating compound |
| US3883439A (en) * | 1974-04-17 | 1975-05-13 | Jet Lube | Grease composition |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2110281A (en) * | 1934-03-31 | 1938-03-08 | Standard Oil Co | Pure compounds as extreme-pressure lubricants |
| US2233203A (en) * | 1938-05-03 | 1941-02-25 | Union Oil Co | Lubricating oil |
| US2252087A (en) * | 1938-09-20 | 1941-08-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
| US2576031A (en) * | 1948-10-30 | 1951-11-20 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease containing soaps of tall oil |
| US2614079A (en) * | 1949-07-18 | 1952-10-14 | Shell Dev | Lubricating grease |
| US2666744A (en) * | 1952-03-05 | 1954-01-19 | California Research Corp | Sulfurized grease compositions |
-
0
- US US2790770D patent/US2790770A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2110281A (en) * | 1934-03-31 | 1938-03-08 | Standard Oil Co | Pure compounds as extreme-pressure lubricants |
| US2233203A (en) * | 1938-05-03 | 1941-02-25 | Union Oil Co | Lubricating oil |
| US2252087A (en) * | 1938-09-20 | 1941-08-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
| US2576031A (en) * | 1948-10-30 | 1951-11-20 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease containing soaps of tall oil |
| US2614079A (en) * | 1949-07-18 | 1952-10-14 | Shell Dev | Lubricating grease |
| US2666744A (en) * | 1952-03-05 | 1954-01-19 | California Research Corp | Sulfurized grease compositions |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1198352B (en) * | 1962-02-20 | 1965-08-12 | Woelm Fa M | Process for the preparation of di-n-alkyl pentasulfides |
| US3652415A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1972-03-28 | Frank E Bergeron | Lubricating compound |
| US3652414A (en) * | 1969-01-06 | 1972-03-28 | Frank E Bergeron | Anti-seize lubricating compound |
| US3883439A (en) * | 1974-04-17 | 1975-05-13 | Jet Lube | Grease composition |
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