US2671400A - Explosive construction having directional effect characteristics - Google Patents

Description

March 9, 1954 DUE$|NG 2,671,400

EXPLOSIVE CONSTRUCTION HAVING DIRECTIONAL EFFECT CHARACTERISTICS Filed April 5, 1948 Patented Mar. 9, 1954 i. OFFICE EXPLOSIVE CONSTRUCTION HAVING DIRECTIONAL EFFECT CHARACTER- ISTICS Bert F. Duesing, Big Lake, Tex. Application April 5, 1948, Serial No. 18,991

The present invention relates generally to explosives of the contained type, and more particularly to an explosive construction incorporating a construction for directing to a degree the path of the major eiiect of the explosive and for increasing the efficiency of the blast.

It is generally well known that explosives of the type employed today are reduced in their over-all efiiciency when detonated under fluid pressure or under any other conditions of surrounding and confining pressure. There exists, under such circumstances, an insufficient amount of air to permit full explosive efiect of the charge. Furthermore, there is no directional effect of the explosives now employed insofar as the explosive itself is concerned. It is, of course, well known that an explosive will seek the path of least reslstance for its most effective result.

Hence, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel explosive which incorporates construction for rendering the explosive blast more efiicient when the explosive is employed under confining pressure, such as under fluid pressure.

Another object is to provide a novel explosive which incorporates construction for rendering the resulting explosion predeterminately directional.

Another object is to provide a novel explosive which retains a, degree of its original sensitivity under heavy fluid pressure.

Another object is to provide a novel explosive which incorporates construction for cutting away paraflin when the explosive is used in the oil industry.

Another object is to provide a novel explosive which incorporates construction rendering it more efficient through increasing the velocity of detonation. 7

Another object is to provide a novel explosive which may be used under confined pressure, as under fluid pressure, without a muliling or blanketing efiect.

Other objects are to provide a novel explosive which is relatively inexpensive, which may be made in any shape or form desired, which may be of a single explosive compartment type or a compound explosive and air cell type, which finds wide use, which may be readily constructed in accordance with known manufacturin methods, which may be of any desired size, and which is efficient in fulfilling the manifold purposes for which it is intended.

The foregoing and other objects and advantages are apparent from the following descrip- 5 Claims. (Cl. 102-24) tion taken with the accompanying drawing, in

which:

Fig. 1 is a, side elevational view of an explosive of the single cell type incorporating the teachoi ings of the present invention, a portion being broken away to show the compound charge;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view substantially on the line of 2'2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view of a modified single cell explosive;

Fig. 4 is a view of another modified single cell explosive;

Fig. 5 is a view of a further modification of the present invention illustrating a double cell explosive in which the explosive charge is disposed in a central chamber and the booster construction surrounds the explosive charge;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view on substantially the line -66 of Fig 5;

Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are views of modified double cell explosive constructions incorporating the teachings of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view on substantially the line ifllll of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a view of a still further modified form of the double cell explosive; and

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view on substantially the line I2l2 of Fig.11.

Referring to the drawing more particularly by reference numerals, Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate one form which the present invention may take. A casing l5 of any material, such as heavy paper, plastic, metal, or the like, and of any cross section, the casing l5 shown being circular in cross section, encloses an explosive charge which may be dynamite, a gelatin explosive, liquid nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene, or any other form of explosive, throughout which are dispersed small air-filled cells as globules it, which preferably are of glass, but which may be formed of other suitable materials, such as plastic, aluminum, and the like. The air-filled globules l6 supply an additional quantity of air to assist the explosive effect of the explosive charge within the casing I5, which is essential for efiiciency when the detonation is to take place under a heavy fluid or other confining pressure. Suitably spaced openings l'! are provided in the casing I 5 to permit entrance of fluid for pressure equalization when the explosive is used in liquid to prevent possible collapse. When a, liquid explosive is used, openings I! are omitted.

In Fig. 3 is shown an explosive 20 which includes a cylindrical casing 2| having a semispherical end portion 22. A partition wall 23 separates the chamber within the casing 21 from the chamber within the semispherical portion 22 thereof. An explosive of any desired type is confined within the casing 2|. Within the semispherical portion 22 are air-filled globules 24 of glass, or other desired material. Pressure equalization openings 25 are provided in the casing 2| and end portion 22. The air within the globules 24 provides an extra supply thereof which renders the explosive efiect of the explosive 23 directional, namely, in the direction of the semispherical portion 22. Furthermore, the shattered glass particles will have a cleansing and penetrating effect in respect to parafiin or other matter which is desired removed. The paraflin removal point is particularly pertinent in respect to the oil industry.

In Fig. i, an explosive 26 is shown which incorporates a casing 21 having an end portion 28 separated interiorly from the casing 21 by a partition 29. A suitable explosive charge is disposed in the casing 21 and air-filled glass globules 36, or the like, fill the space defined by the portion 28. Fressure equalization openings 3| are provided in the casing 21 and portion 28. Manifestly, the explosive 26 differs from the explosive 20 only in that it is directional as to explosion effect in the direction of the portion 28.

In Figs. 5 and 6 is shown a modified double cell explosive 32 which comprises an inner casing 33 and an outer casing 34 which are closed at the ends. Within the inner casing 33 is a suitable explosive charge, whereas the space between the inner casing 33 and the outer casing 34 is filled with air-filled globules 35. Pressure equalization openings 36 are provided in the casings 33 and 34. Manifestly, the explosive 32 is directional radially, the air-filled globules supplying additional oxygen to produce this efiect.

In Fig. 7 is shown an explosive 38 which differs from the explosive 32 in that one end 39 of an inner casing 43 is formed as an outwardly directed cone, and similarly an outer casing 4! is formed with an outwardly directed cone 42 at the corresponding end. The cone 42 is spaced from the cone 39 and the space therebetween is filled with air-filled globules 43, the space between the inner and outer casings and 4| being likewise filled with the air-filled globule 43. Pressure equalization openings 44 are provided in the casings 46 and 4|.

In Fig. 8 is shown an explosive 45 which differs from the explosive 38 only in the formation of the end 46 of an inner casing 4'! and the end 48 of an outer casing 43, the ends 45 and 48 being semispherical. Within the inner casing 4'! and the end 46 is an explosive charge of any desired type, an between the inner casing 4! and the outer casing 4s and the ends 46 and 48 are airfilled globules 59. Pressure equalization openings 5! are provided in the casings 41 and 49.

In Figs. 9 and 10 is shown an explosive 52 which includes an inner casing 53 and an outer casing 54. At one end the inner casing 53 is formed with an inwardly directed cone 55. End members 56 and 51 close the casings as illustrated. Within the inner casing 53 is an explosive charge throughout which are disposed airfilled globules 5B of glass, or the like. Between the inner casing 53 and the outer casing 54, and between the cone and the end member 5! are air-filled globules 59 of glass, or the like. Pressure equalization openings 60 are provided in the casings 53 and 54. Manifestly, the explosive charge within the inner casing 53 is boosted by 4 the air-filled globules 58 and the over-all explosive effect is both boosted and made directional radially and outwardly from the end 51 by the air-filled globules 59.

In Figs. 11 and 12 is shown an explosive 62 including an inner casing 63 and an outer casing 64, the latter including a semispherical end 65. A partition 66 separates the chamber formed by the end 65 from the chamber within the inner casing 63 and the space between the inner casing 63 and the outer casing 64. Longitudinal partitions 61 (Fig. 12) separate the space between the inner casing 63 and the outer casing 64 into two compartments. Air-filled globules 68 of glass, or the like, are disposed in one compartment and nothing is in the other compartment. The chamber formed between the end 65 and the partition 66 is also empty. An explosive charge is disposed within the inner casing 63. Pressure equalization openings 69 are provided in the casings 63 and E4. Manifestly, the explosive effect of the explosive 62 will be directional semiradially. A glass scouring efiect will be felt semiradially from the chamber filled with the air-filled glass globules 68. When used in a fluid, the fluid will enter the compartments or chambers and will have a blanketing effect.

It is manifest that the cross section of the explosives shown in the drawing may be rectangular, circular as shown, octagonal, or of any other desired cross section. Furthermore, there are clearly many combinations to achieve directional explosive efiects and/or scouring effects, which may be formed other than those shown, all of which fall within the intended scope of the present invention. Further, the air cells may be of any desired form, globules being illustrative.

It is manifest that there has been provided an explosive which is directional in its efiect as desired and which is efiicient in its explosive effect even under confining pressure such as liquid pressure in the oil fields, or otherwise.

It is to be understood that the foregoing description and the accompanying drawing have been given by way of illustration and example. It is also to be understood that changes in form of the elements, rearrangement of parts, and substitution of equivalent elements, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art, are contemplated as within the scope of the present invention which is limited only by the claims which follow.

What is claimed is:

1. An explosive device having predetermined directional eifect characteristics comprising an inner casing, an outer casing spaced therefrom, said casings being closed at the ends, an explosive charge in said inner casing, and air-filled destructibl enclosures disposed throughout the space between said casings in predetermined volume, said air on detonation of the explosive charge combining therewith to produce a predominant radial effect of the explosion.

2. An explosive device having predetermined directional effect characteristics comprising an inner casing, an outer casing spaced therefrom, an outwardl extending end portion closing one end of said inner casing, an outwardly extending end portion closing the corresponding end of the outer casing and spaced from the said end portion of the inner casing, said casings being closed at the other ends by a member extending across both casings, an explosive charge in said inner casing, and air-filled destructible enclosures disposed throughout the area between the inner and outer casings in predetermined volume, said air in detonation of the explosive charge combining therewith to produce a predominant radial and said one endwise eiTect of the explosion.

3. An explosive device having predetermined directional effect characteristics comprising an inner casing, an outer casing spaced therefrom, said casings being closed at the ends, an explosive charge in said inner casing, and air-filled destructible enclosures disposed in one selected portion of the space between the inner and outer casings, said air on detonation of the explosive charge combining therewith to produce a predominant outward effect of the explosion in the zone of the destructible enclosures.

4. An explosive device having predetermined directional eiTect characteristics comprising an inner casing, an outer casing spaced therefrom, said casings being closed at the ends, an explosive charge in said inner casing, and airfilled destructible enclosures disposed in the space between said casings in predetermined volume, said air on detonation of the explosive charge combining therewith to produce a predominant eiTect of the explosion outwardly from the explosive in the zone of the destructible enclosures.

5. An explosive device having predetermined directional efiect characteristics comprising an inner casing, an outer casing spaced therefrom, an inwardly extending end portion closing one end of said inner casing, an end portion closing the corresponding end of the outer casing and spaced from the said end portion of the inner casing, said casings being closed at the other ends by a member extending across both casings, an explosive charge in said inner casing, air-filled destructible enclosures in said inner casing disposed throughout said explosive charge, and air-filled destructible enclosures disposed throughout the area between the inner and outer casings in predetermined volume, said air in said air-filled destructible enclosures in said outer casing in detonation of the explosive charge combining therewith to produce a predominant radial and said one endwise efiect of the explosion.

BERT F. DUESING.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 193,483 Castellanos July 24, 1877 297,951 Punshon et a1. Apr. 29, 1884 393,634 Favier Nov. 27, 1888 552,919 Maxim Jan. 14, 1896 1,216,364 Roger Feb. 20, 1917 1,540,424 Regestein June 2, 1925 2,230,100 Aaron Jan. 28, 1941 2,261,630 Regestein Nov. 4, 1941 2,323,303 Bluehdorn et a1. July 6, 1943 2,416,077 Yuster Feb. 18, 1947 2,455,556 Burch Dec. 7, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 437,436 France Feb. 17, 1912 600,875 France Nov. 21, 1925 301,650 Germany Nov. 18, 1919

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