US2348332A - Vibratory machine - Google Patents

Description

y 9, 1944- E. CRAIG EI'AL 7 2,348,332

VIBRATORY MACHI NE 4 Filed Nov. 11. 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 z mr 2W 22 1'- M y 9 1 44. E. CRMG "m; 2,348,332

VIBRATORY MACHINE n. H N e- N ynoewag @ig M cg May 9, 1944. E. CRAIG EI'AL VIBRATORY MACKINE Filed Nov. 11, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented May 9, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE VIBRATORY MACHINE Ernest Craig, Falconbridgc Township, Sudbury District, Ontario, and Robert Craig, North Bay,

Ontario, Canada Application November 11, 1942, Serial No. 465,294

9 Claims.

ated machine.

Further objects of this invention are to minimize the internal shocks against the driving element and to utilize'the momentum imparted to the hammer in counteracting inertia and assisting the driving element in the movement of the piston, thereby producing a high speed machine capable of operating up to approximately 1800B. P. M. and which will have a remarkably low Power consumption.

The principal feature of the invention consists in applying the reciprocating movement of the driving member to the hammer through a resiliently mounted rocker member, thereby permitting the hammer to follow through beyond the actual driving stroke and then travel with a stroke which is variable in relation to the driving member.

A further and important feature consists in the construction of the hammer member in piston form operating within a cylinder which is provided with ports connecting with atmosphere spaced from the ends providing free ingress and egress of air for the major portion of the stroke and forms air cushions at the extremity of the piston stroke to relieve internal shocks and "assist in evercoming inertia and returning the piston in its reverse movement.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a, longitudinal mid-sectional view through the axes of the hammer cylinder and driving cylinder. 7

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 and transverse to the section shown in Figure 1.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal mid-sectional View through the axes of the hammer cylinder and driving cylinder.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 and transverse to the section :shown in Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a section taken transversely of Figure 1 on the line 3--3.

Figure 4 is an elevational view taken from the tool end of the machine as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the oil pump taken on the line 55 of Figure 1.

Figure 6 is an 'end elevational view of one of the valves of the oil pump.

Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of hammer connection with the driving member.

Figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylinder structure of a further modified form of the invention.

vIn the use of rock drills and jack hammers for breaking up masses of hard materials it is highly desirable that a form of tool be available which will not require the cumbersome and expensive air compressor equipment capable of operating such machines, and this invention has been devised to enable the use of a drill or hammer with an electric motor, or a gas or steam engine as the prime mover to be connected to the machine by means of a flexible shaft.

In the construction illustrated herein the body of the machine is formed of a cylinder block I which is bored with two parallelly arranged cylinders 2 and 3 in which the piston hammer 4 and operating piston 5 operate respectively.

A casing 6 closes one end of the cylinder block and forms a crank case in which a crank shaft 1 arranged transverselyof "the cylinder 3 is journalled. This shaft projects from one side of the casing and is adapted to be connected in any suitable manner with a flexible shaft connected to a suitable prime mover.

A connecting rod 8 connects the crank shaft .1 with the piston 5 and operates same within the the cylinder 3 with a reciprocating movement.

The piston .5 is bored axially for the major portion of its length and threaded at the end opposite to the end connected with the connecting rod.

Within the piston 5 adjacent to the connecting rod end is arranged a pad 9 of soft metal, leather or other yielding material against which is fitted a block I!) preferably formed with a centre boss against which a compression spring H engages.

A cylindrical block I2 is slidably mounted within the bore of the piston 5 and is formed with a recess 13 at one end to receive the spring H and at the other end is provided with a part spherical recess 14 which bears against a ball l5. Ablock 16 similar to the block 12 bears against opposed longitudinal slots 22 arranged to extend either side of the ball I and a rockerpin 23 forming part of said ball extends through the slots 22.

One end of the pin 22 projects through a slot 24 arranged longitudinally in the cylinder 3 and extends into a cylindrical orifice 25 in a roller bearing member 26 which is journalled in a cylindrical recess formed in the casing 6, said roller bearing member being secured between the plugs 21 threaded into the ends of the bearing orifice.

The opposite end of the rocker pin 23 projects through a slot 28 in the wall between the cylinders 2 and 3 and extends into a radial orifice 29 which is formed in the piston hammer 4 midway of'its length, the entrance to said orifice being flared outwardly to provide clearance for the pin in the reciprocating movement of the piston hammer.

The piston hammer is bored longitudinally from one end and within this bore and slidably mounted on the end of the pin 23 extending into the piston is a ball 30. Bearing blocks 3| having part spherically recessed faces are arranged either side of the ball 30 and against their outer ends are arranged pads 32 of soft metal, leather or other resilient material, one of which abuts the inner end of the central longitudinal bore and the other abuts a plug 33 threaded into the open end of said bore. This assembly of ball and blocks forms a pivotal connection between the piston hammer and the rocker pin 23. The piston hammer is provided with a cylindrical extension 34 which is 'slidabl'y mounted in a bushing formed in the flange member 35 closing the end of the cylinder 2.

A flanged cylindrical member 36 is fitted over the bushing of the member 35 and has a reduced cylindrical portion 31 into which the shank of the operating tool 38 is fitted.

The member 36 is formed with a pair of diametrically arranged laterally extending lugs 39 which project beyond the cylinder 2. A flange plate 40 is arranged at the opposite end of the cylinder structure and is provided with a pair of laterally extending lugs 4|.

' Tie bolts 42 extend through holes in the lugs 39 and 4| and compression springs 43 are arranged between the nuts 44 and the lugs 39. The heads of the bolts extend through a plate 45 which forms part of a looped handle which is held by the operator in using the machine.

. The cylinder I is provided with ports 46 which are spaced a short distance from the end walls of the cylinder. These ports are open to atmosphere but are out 01f by the piston hammer as it moves to each end of its stroke and a cushion of compressed air is formed which relieves the cylinder structure from direct impact shocks. It will be understood that the air thus compressed at the end of each stroke of the piston will cause very effective rebound of the piston which will overcome the inertia oLthe piston and definitely start it back in the return stroke.

It will be seen that the rotation of the crank shaft I applies a direct reciprocating movement to the piston 5 and such movement imparts a rocking movement to the pin 23, one end of which is slidably held in the pivot block 26. The other and free end of the pin, which is in sliding engagement with the ball 30 mounted within the piston hammer 4, moves in an arc lengthwise of the cylinder 2 and propels the piston with a reciprocating movement. Such movement is free and carries the hammer extension 34 into contact with the tool 3! and imparts a direct impact shock thereto.

The throw of the crank shaft and its connecting rod will not carry the hammer into full contact with the tool shank but the impetus of the thrust imparted to the hammer by the crank conveyed through the rocker pin will cause the spring IT to yield and allow the piston to carry through beyond the actual crank stroke and apply the impact of its movement to the tool.

As the hammer piston moves toward the end of its stroke the air in the cylinder is expelled through the port 46 but this is cut off by the piston and the imprisoned air is compressed concurrent with the impact of the hammer with the tool and the hammer shock against the cylinder end is cushioned as described. The compressed air then reacts to return the piston and the spring I! being released from the load of the piston co-acts with the air pressure to assist the return movement of the hammer.

The return movement of the crank picks up the moving pistons 5 and 4 and carries them in the opposite direction where at the end of the stroke the hammer piston will follow through, compressing the piston spring II and compressing the air in the cylinder 2 on the up-stroke, thereby applying a slight lifting movement to the machine and the tool attached thereto so that the weight of the machine then reacts with the striking stroke of the piston hammer. v

The result of this novel construction is a very resilient hammer stroke within the machine which does not operate directly against the driving crank but relieves the crank of direct impact shocks.

It is important in a machine such as described that adequate lubrication be provided and'I have provided on the piston 5 a plunger 46 which is secured in the plug 2! and extends into a cylinder orifice 41 in the block 48 secured in a, housing 49 arranged at the end of the cylinder 3 opposite to the crank case end.

An angularly arranged orifice 50 connects with the inward end of the orifice 41 in the block 48 and leads to an inlet chamber provided with a hollow plug 52 closed by a spring-actuated valve 5| to permit inflow of oil from the sump formed at the adjacent end of the cylinder 3 to the cylinder 41 and to prevent discharge.

A similar orifice 53 leads from the cylinder 4! to a chamber54 closed against ingress from the sump by a spring-operated valve 55. The chamber 54 communicates with a discharge orifice 56 leading to a distributor duct 51 in the cylinder wall which projects oil into the working cylincalgrs from the sump formed within the casing The preferred form of the invention is illustrated particularly in Figure l, but Figure 7 illustrates the alternate arrangement of the spring shock relief structure within the hammer piston instead of in the power piston. In this structure the ball end 39 of the rocker pin 23' is mounted between cylindrical blocks I2 and I5 slidably mounted within the cylindrical bore of the piston 4 and operating against coil compression springs I l' and H.

Another modification of the invention may be made, as shown in Figure 8, by having both the hammer piston and power piston positively connected with the rocker pin and having the free end of the rocker pin mounted in a swivel block 58 mounted in a piston 59 operable in a cylinder 60 arranged parallel with the power and hammer cylinders. In this construction compression springs t! are arranged at the ends of the piston 59 to cushion the impact shocks from direct transmi sion back against the power piston and crank shaft. Adjustable plugs 62 close the ends of the cylinder 8E.

The plugs 62 are each provided with a cylindrical recess 63 into which the reduced cylindrical end 54 of the piston 59 extends. A port 65 is arranged in each plug which permits the escape of air until the port is closed by the movement of the piston end and on the closing of the port the entrapped air forms a resilient cushion which reacts against inertia and assists in the return movement.

It will of course be understood that the structure of the cylinders and of the pistons and the rocker arm, as well as other details, may be modified without departing from the essential features as herein set forth.

A vibrating machine constructed in the manner described is extremely simple in its construction, may be manufactured at comparatively low cost and may be operated with a much lower expenditure of applied power than any known machines of this type.

What we claim as our invention is:

1. A vibratory machine comprising a pair of parallelly arranged cylinders, a reciprocating piston operating in one of said cylinders, a rocker member pivotally mounted intermediate of its length in said piston and having one end extending transversely of the adjacent cylinder, a pis-.

ton hammer reciprocably mounted in said adjacent cylinder and pivotally connected to the end of the rocker arm extending into the hammer cylinder, means for pivotally mounting the other end of said rocker arm, and resilient means arranged on opposing sides of one of the pivots of said rocker member to oppose the thrust of the driving member.

2. A machine as claimed in claim 1 in which the pivotal end connections of said rocker arm comprise rotatable members having sliding engagement with the rocker arm.

3. A vibratory machine comprising a pair of parallelly arranged cylinders having an intercommunicating longitudinal slot, a piston operating in each of said cylinders and each having a longitudinal bore and a lateral slot opening intermediate of its length, a rocker arm having a circular bearing intermediate of its length arranged centrally of one of said pistons, one end of said rocker arm extending through said piston and cylinder slots into the bore of the adjacent piston, bearing blocks arranged in said piston bores each side of said rocker arm and engaging said circular bearings, resilient means arranged at the outward ends of said bearing blocks, adjustable means closing the bores in said pistons, means pivotally supporting the other end of said rocker arm, and means for reciprocating the piston pivotally connected intermediate of the length of said rocker arm.

4. A machine as claimed in claim 1 in which the opposed resilient means arranged each side of oneof said rocker arm pivots comprises compression springs, and threaded blocks engaging the outward ends of said springs.

5. A machine as claimed in claim 1 having a crank shaft journalled transversely of the cylinder housing said reciprocating piston, and a connecting rod operatively connecting said crank shaft and piston.

6. A machine as claimed in claim 1 in which the hammer cylinder is provided with ports opening through the wall thereof and spaced from the cylinder ends permitting the free flow of air to and from the cylinder and forming air cushion pockets between the ports and the ends of the cylinder.

7. In a vibratory machine, a plurality of cylinders parallelly arranged and having inter-communicatmg longitudinal slots intermediate of their length, a hammer piston reciprocably mounted in one of the outer cylinders, a power piston reciprocably mounted in the intermediate cylinder, a piston reciprocably mounted in the other outer cylinder, a rocker member pivotally mounted in said power piston and extending through said cylinder slots, pivotal connections in said outer pistons slidably engaging the ends of said rocker arm, coil compression springs, cushioning the stroke of said outer pistons, and ports arranged in the outer cylinder walls forming air pockets to cushion the ends of the piston stroke.

8. In a machine as claimed in claim 1, a pump plunger mounted on one end of said reciprocating piston, a cylinder surrounding said pump plunger, inlet and outlet passages leading to said pump cylinder, inlet and outlet valves controlling the flow of oil to and from said pump cylinder, and oil ducts leading from the outlet passage from said pump to direct oil to said piston and hammer cylinders intermediate of their length.

9. A vibratory machine comprising, a portable body member supporting an operating tool and having parallelly arranged cylinders, a reciprocable hammer member operating in one of said cylinders to impart impact shocks to said tool, a reciprocable driving member operating in the cylinder adjacent to the hammer cylinder, a rocker member pivotally mounted intermediate of its length in said driving member, means pivotally connecting one end of said rocker member intermediate of the length of said hammer member, means pivotally supporting the opposite end of said rocker member, and resilient means arranged on opposing sides of one of said pivots to oppose the thrustof the driving member.

ERNEST CRAIG. ROBERT CRAIG.

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