US2200215A - Refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

May 7, 1940.

- c. E. LEwls anmmnaums APPARATUS Filed Feb. 10, 1938 BY W M95449 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

y 7, 1940- c. E. LEWIS 2,200,215

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 10, 1958 v 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I l-5' I39 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS M y 1940- c. E. LEWIS 2,200,215

' REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 10, 19:58 3 sheets-sheet s 2 a? lgVEIYTOR. BY mwh ATTORNEYS.

Patented May 7, 1940 PATENT- OFFICE BEFBIGERATING APPARATUS Carroll E. Dayton, hio,'anignor to General Motors Corporation, Dayton, Ohio, a cor- Dmtlon of Delaware Application February 10, 1933, Serial No. 139,832

6 Claims. (01. 62-134) I This invention relates to refrigerating apparatus and more particularly to the method and apparatus for cooling a plurality of individual rooms, such as in a hotel. v a An object of the invention is to provide a system wherein cooled water may be circulated to the individual rooms. and wherein waste. water from the rooms may be used to cool the corridors. Another object of this invention is to provide a 10 ductless air conditioning system for use in hotels,

oflice buildings and the like.

A further object of this invention is to provide I novel control means for the conditloningapparatus another object of this invention is to utilize'excess cooling capacity for precoolin'g the fresh air prior to circulating the fresh air over the individual room cooler.

Further objects and advantages of the present 7 go invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein a preferred form of the present invention is clearly shown.

- In the drawings:

Fig. l is a diagrammatic sectional elevational view showing a building equipped with a conditioning system employing features of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentaryv sectional view showing I corridors l2 anda basement I3 is provided with an air conditioning system employing a 'plurality of individual air conditioning units placed in the rooms and corridors and generally designated by the reference characters It and ii. These units are supplied with cold water, or any other suitable cooling medium from the supply tank It which for purposes of illustration has been shown as located-in the basement. v Eachroom is. provided with one or more of the conditioning units it and each corridor is provided with one or more ofthe units II. The water in the storage tank: It is cooled by means of one or more refrigeratingunits it which are controlled automatically inresponse to the .-.temperature of water in the receptacle it placed in the water line leading to the individual conditioning units.

, l2 into a room ll.

Each refrigerating unit It is provided with a thermostat 2! in the receptacle l3, and) this thermostat starts and stops the refrigerating unit I! in the conventional manner. The thermostats 2| may be set to operate atthe same 5 temperature or at different temperatures.

A pump 22 is provided for continuously circulating the water first through the cooling coils 23 in parallel and then through the coils 24 in parallel. The pump 22 is driven by means of a 10 motor 26 which may be started or stopped by the manually controlled switch 2h During operation of the system, however, the motor 26 which drives the pump 22 will be in operation at all times, and the amount of water circulated will be con- 15 stant since no means are provided in this modification for varying the amount of cooling water flowing through the individual cooling coils. With this arrangement the water lines have a constant restriction irrespective of the number 20 of individual cooling units in operation. Water -is supplied to the cooling coils 23 through the riser pipes 23 and 28' which supply water to'all of the coils 23 in parallel. The water leaving the coils 23 leaves via one or the other of the pipes 23 and 23' which lead to the upper part of the building, from whence it flows through the pipe parallel, water of substantially the same tempera- 3o ture is supplied to each of these coils. The coils 23 are placed in the fresh air inlets 30 through which fresh air is introduced into the corridors by means of fans 32 which are in operation at all times; 35

Each individual room cooling unit is'placed adjacent an opening 33 leading from a corridor As best shown in Fig. 2, a damper arrangement 34 is provided in cache!- the openings 33. The dampers 34 are preferably left uncontrolled, but may be either manually or automatically controlled in response to 'either dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, or a combination of both. A fan 35 is usedfor circulating air through the conditioning unit it. The air flowing through the unit It may be-corridor air coming through the passage 33, or it may be recirculated room all 'coming' through the passage 33, or it may be a mixture of both. The

. passage 33 is provided with a damper 3l.which'is preferably left open at. all times'but' which may be either manually controlledor automatically I controlled byza dry bulb' thermostat. a wet bulb thermostat,'or by" a combination o'i'both; 1

In order to control theamount of coolingtak-v 55 30 room M to the outdoor atmosphere.

could be used to discharge the air directly from V V i 2,200,215 I ing place in each individual room, a thermostat 38 is provided in each room for controlling the positioning of dampers 39 and 49. These dampers are connected by link 42 so as to operate simmtaneously. A conventional type of damper operating motor 43 is provided which moves the dampers into the full-line position when the temperature within the room is below a predetermined point and moves the dampers to the dotted-line position whenever the temperature is high enough to require added cooling. In the dotted-line position of the dampers 39 and 56, all of the air is caused to circulate over the cooling coil 23; whereas, in the full-line position, all

of the air is lay-passed around the cooling coil with the result that verylittle, if any, cooling takes place.

The fan 35 is intended to be operated at all times so as to maintain a constant air velocity 25 In hotel installations and similar installations where an extra room 64 such as a toilet cloakroom, or the like is provided in connection with the room to be conditioned, an exhaust fan d5 is provided which exhausts air from the extra The fan t5 the main room, if desired. With the arrangement of pipes, as shown in Fig. 1, preference is given to the cooling of the individual rooms, and

- only waste water is used in cooling the corridors.

In a modification shown in Fig.3, the water in the cold water storage tank H6 is cooled by one or more refrigerating units H8 which are started and stopped in response to temperature of the water at 22L The arrangement may be suchthat, normally, only one refrigerating unit 8 is in operation, and the second unit comes into operation only when the cooling water exceeds a predetermined high temperature. In the ,5 arrangement shown in Fig. 3 the temperature of the individual rooms III is controlled by means of a thermostat I38 which, in place of operating y-pass dampers, operates a solenoid valve I39 which controls the flowof cooling 50 water into the cooling coils I23. A pressure responsive relief valve I46 is provided between the cold water supply line and the return line so as to compensate. for changes in the number of solenoid valves which are open. In this in- 55 stallation, as in the installation shown in Fig.

1, the cooling water first flows throushthe room cooling coils I28 in parallel and is then conveyed by means of pipes I28 .to the return .line III which supplies cooling water to the corrieo dor cooling coils. I24 which are likewise arranged in'parallel. In order toregulate the temperature in the corridors, thermostats I30 are provided which control solenoid valves Ill placed in the individual lines leading to the coolingcoils placed in an opening in an outside wall of either the room ill or some other room such as room Md adjoining room. III.

As shown in Fig. 4 the water circulating pump motor I28 is energized bythe relay switch I50 5 whenever one of the control thermostats closes the circuit to one of the solenoid valves. The circuits for energiizng the motors I52 which oper-- ate the compressorsare energized by thermostats 22I which are responsive to the temperature of 10 water returning from the cooling coils. While I have disclosed an air conditioning system in which the air is cooled by means of. cold water or the like flowing through coils in the path of air being circulated, certain fea- 15 tures of the invention could equally well be used ina system in which volatile refrigerant evaporators could be used in lieu of the water cooled coils. In installations-where refrigerant evaporators are substituted for the water coils the 0 refrigerant could be supplied to all of the indi-- vidual e'vaporators from a single refrigerant li'quefying unit located in the basement, for example; or a number of independent refrigerating systems could be used. The fresh air. 25 would be introduced into the corridors in a manner disclosed hereinabove, and air from the corridors would be supplied to the individual rooms the same as in the installations described hereinabove- 30 While the form. of embodiment of the invention as herein disclosed, constitutes apreferred .form, it is to be understood that other forms exchange with air for said corridor, and thereafter introducing air from said corridor into said room. i

2. Air conditioning apparatus comprising a cold water sump, an evaporator in thermal ex change relationship with said sump, refrigerant liquefying means for supplying refrigerant to said evaporator, a. plurality of cooling coils, means for circulating water from said cold water sump to said cooling coils, means whereby said water flows through one group of said coils in parallel, and means whereby at least a portion of the water returning from said one group flows through another coil prior to its return to said 55 sump. I 3. Airv conditioning apparatus for a plurality 01' rooms comprising means ilor circulating fresh air into a first of said rooms, first means for cooling said fresh air, a second cooling means in a. second room, means for circulating air from said second room over said second cooling means,

- and means for circulating a cooling fluid first through said second cooling means and thereafter through-said first cooling means.

I zone in a second room; introducing fresh air into said second room, circulating said fresh air through said second cooling zone and thereafter" introducing said oooled i'resh air into said first room.

s. The method or conditioning m for a bumu I 'said corridor, introducing fresh air into the corridor over the cooling coilfor the corridor and introducing corridor air into said room, and further cooling the corridor air when conditions in the room require.

6. In combination with a building having a corridor and a plurality oi rooms, a first cooling coil, means for circulating outside air over said coil and into the corridor, an opening between said corridor and one of said rooms, an air conditioner in said room adjacent said opening, a

second cooling coil in said conditioner, means for 5 circulating a cooling medium through said coils in series, means for circulating air from said corridor through said conditioner, and means for by-passing a portion of said air around one of said cooling coils. 1

CARROLL E. LEWIS.

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