US2121240A - Earth moving device - Google Patents

Description

June 21,1938. I EwA Tm 2,121,240

EARTH MOVING DEVICE Filed Sept. 21, 1955 INVENTOR. [Eli/la? WlaJi/A/ ATTORNEY.

Pianos June 21, less EiisworthW.Anstin.OedarBapIds,lowa, me :ntlgmn osne 1 I to Killsler Ma le Rornla Corporation, a tion ot'O'sli- I Application mm a. 1935. No. 41,514 v aClaims. (our-140i This-invention relates to earth moving devices and has particular relation to a device oithe so ed roll-over scraper type in which -earth is dug by a scraper blade and deposited in a bowl 5. and in which the material is dischargedby permltting the bowl to roll on the ground. 4 It is desirable in scrapers of this character that means he provided for decreasing and increasing the angle or attack or the cutting blade as the digging eiiort required becomes harder or easier and decreasing the angle when the bowl is filled with material.

In the devices or the prior art this has been 1 accomplished by providing a lever mechanism. which rolls the bowl of the scraper forward and backward in its bowl engaging structure as the disgingbecame easier or harder.

in my present invention I propose to tilt both the bowl engaging structure and the bowl as a unit thus avoiding the necessity for the compli sated, expensive and unreliable lever and link-' ing mechanism necessary in the devices or the prior art.

. It is the general object of my invention'to pro-. vide a scraper of the so-calied roll-over type in resilient means for cmlnteracting the pull on the scraper blade.

Another object of my invention is to provide means for housing the operating andcontrol m of such a'scraper. q Another object of my invention is to provide means for varying thecoupling of the scraper to -thetongueor drawba'rby whichthescraperis 1 towed.

.Anotherobjvtotmyinvmflonisto-providean improved operating and sculpting mechanismjor scrapers of this character.

Other and further i'eatmesand objects of the invention will bemore-apparent to those skilled I I intheartuponaoitheaooomP -wingdrawing and iollowing specification. whe in is disclosed a embodiment o! 'the invention,- with the,- II tlmt such changes-may be made therein as tall Another object or my invention is to provide a outer portionof the within the scope of the appended claims. with:-

out departing from the spirit of the invention. In said drawing:- Figure 1 is a view in perspectivevof an. earth moving device constructed according to my in-- 5 vention as it appears in normal or cutting con dition before being loaded with earth.

Figure 2 is another view in perspective of the device shown in Figure 1 as it appears while in operationinpickingupaloadofearth 10 Figure 3 is a fragmentary view in perspective of one or the bowl latching members or the scraper.

Figure 4 is a view partly in the elevation and partly in sections or the shock absorbing mechanism of the device shown in Figures 1 and 2, and

figure ii is a fragmentary plan view of the adjustable connections by which the pivot arms al-e v connected to the pivot plates. 1

Rolex-ring now to the .drawing audlmo're ticularly to Figures 1 and2 thereof. a preferred iorm oi roll-over scraper constructed according to my invention consists oi abowl it, a tongue and drawbar assembly ii and means indicated at it for operating and actuating the scrapen ineluding means for tilting the bowl in accordance with-the cutting resistance.

-The bowl is of more orless'standard construction and employs a pair of disk-like end members orheads it and I3 connectedhy a semi-'cyilndrl cal plate it. Thissemi-cylindrical' plate. or bowl sheet as it may hetermed, is suitably braced by means oi a longitudinal flange i1 and a plurality of angle braces or ribs is The ribs it not only serve to brace the bowl and connect the bowl with the heads Ill and ill but alsoserveas a means of 35 eg and supporting a cutting blade It. The heads i3 and M, support inwardly extending curved plates or shoes 2i and 22, and these shoes serve to support the bowl when it is being dumped. the bowl sliding on these shoes while in thatposition. w

A portion of each of the heads l3 and I4 is flattened as indicated at 23 adjacent the cutting blade is so that the blade, together with the ad- 'Jaoent portion or the bowl sheet is and the flat portions-oi the heads I3 and il, form a flat surrace for supporting the bowl as it moves overthe ground while in the cutting position. The heads .13 and I4 arereiniorced at their eentersbymeans or the reini'orcing Plates :1 and a. Heavy bolts w 21 and I3 and Il. platesfland Itand through the pivot plates-IO and II. the

bolt being provided bronsesleevcsllonwhichthepivotplates the bushing tightly against the respective plates 24 and 2.

Two sets of bosses or stops I2 and I! extend outwardly on either side from the heads I! and l4, also for a purpose to be hereinafter explained.

The pivot plates 29 and ii are utilized in pushing and pulling the bowl about over the surface of the ground and these pivot plates are connected to a pair of forwardly extending bowl pivot arms 34 and 46. The adjacent portions of the pivot arms 84 and 36 and of the pivot plates 20 and ii are vertically toothed as indicated at 31 and the pivot plates are slotted as indicated at 34 in order that the combined arm, formed by the pivot arms and the pivot plates, may be lengthened or shortened as desired to permit the bowl to be tilted or shifted slightly about its longitudinal axis with reference to the tongue to vary the normal angle of attack of the cutting blade. Lengthening the combined arm formed by the pivot plates and pivot arms will cause the angle of attack of the cutting blade to be increased. Shortening the combined arm will cause a decrease in the'angle of attack of the cutting blade. The pivot plates and pivot arms are secured to each other by means of bolts 39.

The bowl pivot arms 36 are secured by means of bolts 4| to a pair of upright triangular plates I 42 and also to a pair of inwardly and forwardly extending tie-members 43. The tie members 43 converge inwardly and are secured on opposite sides of a tongue 44 by means of a bolt or pivot pin 48. The tongue 44 is preferably a hollow structural steel member open at the forward and rear ends thereof. A pair of tubular members, which may be termed the cross tubes or torque tubes 45 and 41, are welded at their inner ends 48 to opposite sides of the rear end of the tongue 44 and the outer ends of these tubes are engaged to the respective plates 42 as by welding them to the plates. The tubes are also secured to the tongue by means of bracing members or gussets 49. The tubes serve as pivots for the .upper ends of links H.

The upper rear end of the tongue 44 is slotted as indicated at ii in order to receive a trip lever 52 within the tongue and this trip lever is actuated by an operator on the towing vehicle 53 bymeans of a rope 54. An upwardly projecting post It is provided on the upper face ofthe tongue 44 and a clevis I! is attached to the trip lever '42 together with a spring It to hold the trip lever 52 normally in a rearward position as indicated in Figure 1. The lower end of the trip lever II is secured on a trip shaft 4| and pulling therope rotatesthistripshafttoraiselatch armsiloneoneachendofthe bowLtodisengage the latches 44 from the stops 8! or II.

The latches 44, provided on theends of the latch arms 42, are removable. It is sometimes desirable that these latches be removed to permit the bowl'to rotate or in'order. that the latches may be readily replaced when they become worn. Releasing the pull rope 44 of course permiisthe iatchestodropdowntocausethemtoengage- ,a suitable eye ll mule path of the stops 32 and 33 but preventing them from dropping below that path. When the bowl is rotated forward or backward it may rotate until the stops 32 or 33 engage the latches thus permitting the operator to hold the bowl in "digging or bulldozing" position.

The tongue 44 is secured to the drawbar by means of two sets of links H and 12. The links H are comparatively short and forward movement of the drawbar H, with reference to the tongue 44, results in very little or no spreading apart of the rear ends of the tongue and drawbar. The links 12 are approximately twice as long as the links II and when he drawbar ii is pulled the forward motion of the drawbar rmults in rotation of the links H and I2 and raising of the front end of the tongue 44 to a greater extent than the rear end is-raised. It is of course understood that if the links 'II were of the same length as links 1!, the front end of the tongue would be raised'appreciably but to a lesser extent than in the case of my preferred arrangement.

Now since the position of .the bowl land the cutting edge ID is determined by the position of the tongue because the tongue while in the digging position is directly connected to the bowl through the agency of the tie members 43, pivot arms 46 and latch arms ii, any tilting of the tongue 44 about a transverse axis will result in rotating the bowl about its longitudinal axis. That is, raising of the front end of the tongue 44 to a greater extent than the rear of the tongue 44 will result in rotating the bowl in a clockwise direction when viewed from the right to thus raise the cutting edge, while a lowering of the front end of the tongue 44 will result in a lowering of the cutting edge. Thus decreasing or increasing the depth of cut is accomplished by raising or lowering the front end of the tongue 44. It is apparent that, since the links 12 are longer than the links H, the more the drawbar l I is pulled forward with reference to the tongue 44 the greater will be the tilt of the tongue 44 and, consequently, of the bowl l0.

i It is necessary to provide some resilient means of retarding upward movement of the front end of the tongue 44 since, if no retarding effect was provided, the cutting edge would come out of the ground as soon as a pull was applied to the drawbar Ii. This retarding ifectds produced by means of a spring II which is housed in a cylindrical housing 42, as illustrated in Figure 4. The cylindrical housing 82 is pivotally engaged to the drawbar [I by means of pivot pins 88 which are received in suitable trunnions 44 on the drawbar Ii. The housing 82 ms th about on the trunnions 04. y us pivot An adjusting screw 44 extends through the center of the coil spring II and an adjusting nut 41 engages the forward end of the spring It and is threaded on the end of the adjustingscrew 46. The adjusting nut 41 may be rotated by means of a long stem 44 which extends sufllcient- 1y beyond the housing 42 that it may be rotated by means of a suitablerod (not shown) which may be engaged in the opening I! in the projecting portion of the adjusting nut. The rear end of the adjusting screw, 44 is pivotally engaged to thefront end of the tongue 44 by means of the pivot pin 44 which passes through I rear end of the adjust- .ing screw 44.

- The forward end of the drawbar is provided withatoggiememberllandaswivelltinordcr when the bowl is full, the

' amt, we

. Y J that the scrapermayhave substantially universal incidence of the cutting edge, a' drawbar front .mov'eament with reference to the towing vehi- In operation the swivel I3 is secured to a towing vehicle such as the tractor II and the operator allows-the trip rope to be slackened sufficiently to allow the latch arm ,2 and the latch M to engage the stops it on the bowl when the latter rotates in either direction. The tractor is driven forward and the cutting edge I! of the scraper begins to out into the earth. thus picking up earth and depositing it in the bowl. As the cutting edge cuts into the earth the pull becomes greater on the drawbar I i and the drawle bar is pulled forward with reference to the tongue it. As the drawbar is pulledforward the links 12 are rotated to thus raise 'the front end of the tongue it to a greater extent than the rear end. Since the entire bowl and tiev members are in effect secured tothe tongue It this results in decreasing the angle of attach oi the cutting edge it.

Since upward movement of the front end of the tongue 44 alsovmeans rearward movement thereof in respect to the drawbar, the adjusting screw 88 is drawn rearwardly against the compression of the spring 8|. fl'hus thegreater the resistance met by the cutting edge the more the front end of the tongue is raised but, as the front-end of the tongue 44' is raised, more and more resistance to upward movement is encountered by reason of the spring Ii so that finally a position of equilibrium is reached at which the angle of the cutting edge is no longer raised. 11', however, harder ground is encountered, the front edge of the tongue 44 is raised still further against the compression of the spring ll to.cause the angle of attack of the cutting edge to be 'lessened resulting in a smaller cut beingv taken by the cutting edge. If on the other hand, softer ground is encountered. the front end of the tongue 44 drops under the biasing action of the spring ii to increase the-angle of attack of the cutting edge and therefore increase the depth or,

the cut. Also as the bowl fills the drawbar pull becomes greaterand the adiusting screw 88 and the connections between pivot plates 28 and pivot agms 38 may u so adj that the cut blade tilts further andfurther upwarduntil,

h out of the ground.

It is tube that mostpf the operating.

of the machine, particularly those parts in int-of the bowl itself, are substantially entirely enclosed. By reference to Figure 2 it,is readily understood why this is important since 1 these parts are entirely covered by the invention dirt being carried by the scraper when it is in =11 tion.

It is apparent that by my method of tilting the bowl only a relatively few parts are needed and set forth in the 5 I as mylinvention:

i. In a scrapenya scraper structure. a tongue tilt the amended. claims.

cutting blade is ent from the spirit and-scope of the tothes'craper structure and adapted to vary the angle of substantially parallel differential links at and rear on the tongue connecting the tongue and drawbar for tilting the tongue with reference to the drawbar, and resilient means for resisting tilting of the tongue with reference to the 'w,\

2. In a scraper including obucket. a draftmeans including a tongue and means for rigidly engaging the tongue to the bucket, is drawbar extending beneath the toe and parallel thereto, a link connecting therear ends of the tongue and drawbar and a longer-dink intermediate the connecting these two members, wherebywhen loading is applied to the bucket as in digging, the tongue is drawn bacrd with reference to the drawbar to tilt the tongue with. reference to cutting edge of the bucket. t I

8. In a scraper including a bucket, a ton'gue engaged to the bucket, a drawbar, asp ring means pivotally attached to the forward end of the tongue and the forward end of the drawbar the drawbar to'varythe angle of incidence of the of the drawbar and=tongue for pivotally whereby a roughly triangularly disposed relatioing is formed with the tongue asthe base of. the triangle, the spring means as one short side of the triangle and the drawbar as the other short side and means ,for causing upward tilting of the two'memhers forming the shorter sides of the triangle to tiltthe bucket. i. In a scraper, a bowl and cutting edge on th bowl, draft means including a yoke member and means for attaching the yoke member in fixed a the sides of the yoke ahead of the bowl, a trip relation with reference to the bowl, the draft means including a tongue extending forwardly from the bowl, a. drawbar extending forwardly beneath the tongue and in parallel relation thereto, a link plvotally attaching the rear end of th drawbar to the rear end or tne tonguethe his; being normally positioned to be inclined forwardly from the drawbar to tongue, asecond and longer link disposed forwardly of the first named link.

and inclined in substantially the same direction as the first named link and inclined in substahtially the same direction as "the first named link, whereby a load such as the load of the scraper digging in earth draws the tongue rearwardly to tilt the tongue with the front higher than the rear on loading of the bucket to thereby vary-the angle of incidence of,

the cutting edge, a spring pivotallyattached to the forward end of the tongue and tolthe front portion of the drawbar whereby upward movement of the front end of the tongue with reference to the drawbar is resisted"with increasing force by the spring.

5,111 a. scraper, a bowl, a. yoke pivotally attached to the bowl, a cross member connecting shaft within the crossmember protected thereby,

a tongue secured on the cross member and e'xtending forwardly therefrom, a trip lever-pass ing downwardly through the tongue and engaged tothe trip shaft, trip members on the outer ends hi the trip shaft for engaging stops on the bowl, a drawbar beneath the tongue, a link pivotally eng the drawbar and tongue at the rearof these members, a second and longer link forwardhr of the first named link and also pivotally connecting the drawbar and tonsils. wring means connecting the forward end of the tongue to the drawbar to resist upward movement thereof with in for e. the links being. arranged so that the loadapplied to the-bowl as in diging the latter to ging, the more the front end of the tongue is tilted with reference to the drawbar to thereby vary the angle of the incidence of the'cuttina edge of the howl.

6. In a scraper, a rotatable bowl, a draft yoke journaled thereon and including a forwardly extending tongue,'releasable means for restraining said bowl against rotation with respect to said yoke, a drawbar, means comprising substantially parallel differential links disposed adjacent the front and rear ends of said tongue for connectsaid drawbar and adapted to cause the tongue when a forwardly acting force is applied to the latter and thereby to vary the angle of incidence of the cutting edge of the bowl, and resilient means for resisting said tilting of the tongue relative to the drawbar.

'7. A roll-over scraper comprising a rotatable bowl, a draft yoke journaled thereon and including a forwardly extending tongue, a latch arm pivotally supported on said tongue and swingable into engagement with a stop on said bowl to hold the latter against rotation relative to said yoke during scraping operation, a drawbar, means comprising substantially parallel differential links disposed adjacent the front and rear ends of said tongue for connecting the latter to said drawbar and adapted to cause the tongue to tilt relative to tilt relative to the drawbar to the drawbar when a forwardly acting force is applied to the latter and thereby to vary the angle of incidence of the cutting edge of the bowl, and resilient means for resisting said tilting of a the tongue relative to the drawbar.

8. A roll-over scraper comprising a transversely disposed rotatable bowl, a draft yoke including a pair of beams journaled on said bowl at opposite ends thereof, respectively, a transverse tubular member extending between and fixed to said.- beams, and a forwardly extending draft tongue connected to said. beams, a trip shaft rotatably disposed within said tubular member, a latch arm fixed at each end of said trip shaft and rotatable therewith into engagement with stops atopposite ends, respectively, of said bowl to hold the latter against rotation relative to said yoke during scraping operation, a drawbar extending generally parallel to said draft tongue, means comprising fore and aft spaced substantially parallel differential links for connecting said tongue to said drawbar and adapted to cause the tongue to tilt relative to thedrawbar when a forwardly acting force is applied to the latter and thereby to vary the angle of incidence of the cutting edge of the bowl, and resilient means for resisting said I tilting of the tongue relative to the drawbar.

'ELLSWORTH W. AUSTIN.

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