US2036714A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

(I. G. MOON April 7, 1936.

LOOM

Filed March 21, 1933 6 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEYS.

C. G. MOON April 7, 1936.

LOOM

1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 21,

INVENTOR- 4 W awwwwzw ATTORNEYS.

April 7, 1936.

c. G. MOON 2,36,7M

LOOM

Filed March 21, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 5;

IN V EN TOR.

A TTORNEYS.

April 7, figgfin c G. N EMMJFM LOOM Filed. March 21, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INIYZTOR. 74/

A TTORNEYS.

April 7, 1936. c. G. MOON 2,036,714

LOOM

Filed March 21, 1953 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 April 7., 1936. c. G. MOON 2,036,714

, E'iled March 21, 1953 s Sheets-Sheet 6 INVEN ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 7, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application March 21,

17 Claims.

This invention relates to a loom and has for one of its objects to provide a loom in which coarse and loose or fiuffy sliver or roving, having little tensile strength, may be fed warpwise and formed into a fabric.

Another object of the invention is the provision of means making possible the weaving of such soft untwisted fibrous materials as cotton, wool, asbestos, silk waste, wire waste or rayon in a silver or roving form which may readily pull apart lengthwise with very little tension upon them.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a loom in which the small fibers, which often extend outwardly from a sliver of loosely assembled fibers of a soft and resilient nature, will be guided or pressed in place and held in place during the interweaving of binding threads with the sliver that the desired fabric may be had.

Another object of the invention is the provision of means for guiding and maintaining such loosely assembled untwisted fibers that they will not chafe with parts such as the reed or the like 25 through which they are passed, and which is moved with reference to these slivers in the operation of the lay of the loom.

Another object of the invention is the provi-' loose and fiuify material having the fibers thereof extending outwardly from a coarse ropelike length thereof which outwardly extending fibers of one portion would catch in those of another portion if portions of such material were attempted to be moved past each other in close proximity such as is necessary in the manipulation of warp or weft in weaving.

A further object of the invention is the provision of such guiding means for the roving. or sliver that it will form the desired tension on the roving or sliver to control the operation of the same in the loom.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certain novel features of con- 55 struction, as will be more fully described, and

1933, Serial No. 661,870

particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of the loom with parts broken away and some parts omitted to more clearly indicate the essential features of this invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the tube through which the warp strands are passed.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the tubular guides and associated portions of the loom.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the receiving end of the parts shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an end view of the opposite end of the structure shown in Fig. 2.

Figs. 6 and 7 are sectional views largely diagrammatically illustrating the diiferent positions in the manipulations of the tubes shown in Figs. 1 to 4.

Figs. 8 and 9 are views similar to Figs. 5 and 6 showing the tubes of a modified shape.

Figs. 10 and 11 are views similar to Figs. 5 and 6 illustrating two independent groups of tubes, each group being independently operable and thus a modification and different from the construction heretofore mentioned.

Fig. 12 is a fragmental sectional view of a still further modified form of this invention showing a stationary form of tube.

Fig. 13 is a plan view of a piece of my padding.

Figs. 14 and 15, fragmentary sections of the same taken respectively on lines l4--l4 and I5-l5 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 16 is a section of the same on line 16-46 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary perspectite view of a central portion of the same, a portion of one of the body lengths being cut away to show the manner of binding.

Fig. 18 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of the multiple locking loops.

It has heretofore been impracticable to form into a fabric untwisted bulky material such as sliver of a soft nature, having protruding fibers or filaments and so little tensile strength that it cannot be fed warpwise through a loom of ordinary construction, as a tension necessary to form a shed will break it or the protruding fibers will catch and adhere to adjacent threads as they are attempted to be moved one past the other when in close proximity, and in order that this may be accomplished I have so constructed a loom that the material such as sliver may be mechanically handled by being guided and supported and manipulated in a manner whereby this sliver will not pull apart and will not catch or adhere to adjacent sliver or binding threads, and a fabric of unlimited length may be made with these slivers or strands running warpwise thereof, and the following is a detailed description of the present embodiment of this invention illustrating the preferred means by which these advantageous re== sults may be accomplished.

With reference to the drawings, the framework of the loom is designated generally 35 in which the lay 36 has a shuttle raceway 31 with the shuttle 38 supported thereon. The harnesses 39 and 40 are here shown as two in number although any number may be employed, the same numeral being used for both the top and bottom frame bars of each harness. The heddles M of each of the harnesses extend from the top bar to the bottom bar and pass through the comberboards 42 and 43. These harnesses are connected by straps 44 to the levers or jacks 45 which are pivoted on the shaft 46 and operated by cams 41 and 49 secured to shaft 49 which is driven from the crank shaft 50 by gears and 52. The crank shaft is driven from the opposite end of the loom and functions to reciprocate the lay through the pitman 53 in the usual manner. It will be understood that the harnesses are connected together by a strap'54 passing over a guide 55 and about pulley 56 so that as one harness is pulled down the other harness in turn is pulled up as will be well recognized as usual in loomoperation.

The take-up roll is designated 51 and is operated in a usual manner to cause the fabric to be kept taught as it is fed forward, which feeding action also serves for drawing the warp threads through the loom. The reed is designated generally 58, and is mounted on the lay and consists of a plurality of dents 59.

I have provided in the loom illustrated, a plurality of tubes designated 60 and 6|, which have their delivery ends 62 disposed in a single plane, but with their receiving end being alternated as shown by the entering ends of tubes 60 and 6| being in staggered relation. The tubes at the receiving end are supported firmly in a carrier or tube holding device 63, which carrier is mounted either rigidly or rockably upon a shaft 64 which, in turn is supported in block members 65 slidable in guideways 66 by which the carrier may be caused to move in a desired direction by reason of the curved surfaces 61 and 68 of theseguideways forming in effect a cam to control the movement of this carrier, and of course in turn will control the movement of the roving warps which are guided through the tubes.

The bulky warps maybe sliver or roving designated 69 and each is drawn out of a suitable can or container where it is housed as received from a coiling machine. This sliver or roving is conducted over suitable rods H and I2 acting as guides to elevate it to the desired level and then enters the flared or trumpet shaped end 13 of the respective tube through which it is to be conducted. The fabric is formed at or about the opposite ends of these tubes which are spaced a short distance from the take-up roll 51. The delivery ends of these tubes 62 are supported by these warps of sliver or roving where they are bound in, or form the finished fabric, and it will be apparent that theswinging of these tubes by movement of the carrier 63 will cause the tubes to move or swing in an are or in a path with the point of engagement of the fabric and take-up roll as a pivot or center of movement These tubes each extend through the harnesses and the reed to conduct the sliver or roving aosarm through them. The heddles are threaded in a usual manner with binder warps, those threaded through harness 39 being designated 74 and the binder warps passing through the heddles of the harness 49 being designated 15. The warps M are drawn from the warp beam 16 over a movable tension guide Tl while the warps are drawn from warp beam l8 over a movable tension guide 19. .These tension guides are rocked by means of arms 90 and BI connected to shafts B2 and 83 by means of levers 84 and 85 which are connected by links 86 and. 8'! to the harness jacks or levers 45 so that as the harnesses reciprocate there is an evening of the tension by slackening of one tension rod H and taking up on the other tension rod- 119 in order that undue strain will not be placed upon the binder warps as the harnesses reciprocate. Each of these binder warps l4 and 15 extend through the eyes of the heddles of the harnesses in the usual manner that the shed may be formed for the passage of the shuttle therethrough. I

A cam 88 is cut in the gear 89 driven from the gear 90 on the shaft 49, which cam has a cam follower mounted on the pin 9| for movement of the rod 92 which in turn operates the strap 93 to move the carrier 63 from the position illustrated in Figs. 1 and 6 to a position with the block 65 at the lower end of the slot 66 and the tubes in line with the lower position of the warp threads which pass through the heddles of the harness 40 as shown in Fig. '7.

The fabric designated generally 94 is taken up by the roll 51 which with some assistance from the lay feeds or pulls the sliver 69 and the binder warp threads 14 and 15 through the loom. The silver 69 is delivered from the ends 62 of the tubes in aligned relation as the centers of the tubes are in substantially a single plane. The binder warps and filling, or weft threads designated 95 are woven in somewhat a usual manner, that is referring tothe illustration shown in Fig. 1, the tubes which guide the sliver or roving we may assume are located in the position shown in full lines in Figs. 1 and 6, while in this position the shuttle will be passed back and forth across the loom four picks and between each pick, the harnesses 39 and 40 will be given an alternate relation so that a one and one weave of the binder warp and filling threads will be produced on one 'side of the sliver or roving 69. The binder warps are located between the tubes. As each pick occurs, the lay will move forward to beat it up and the warps will be moved forwardly by the take-up roll 51. After four picks have been inserted, or any given number I may choose for the desired effect, the carrier 63 will then be moved so that the block number 65 will be at the bottom of the slot in which position the tubes will enter the grooves 96 between the fins 91 on the raceway for the shuttle so as to lie below the edges of these fins and protect the tubes against contact with the shuttle preventing wear on the tubes and also preventing the deflection of the shuttle from its desired path due to any irregularlty in the tube. While-the tubes are in this lowered position, the picks of the shuttle will pass above or on the other side of the silver or roving similar to that shown at 98 in Fig. 1. Four picks will be made, or any desired number, usually a number corresponding to the number Just previously placed on the bottom or opposite side and between each of these picks the lay will move forward to beat them up. These operations the travel of the shuttle.

are all controlled by positively driven parts from the crank or drive shaft and the cam is so shaped that the desired sequence of operations in the desired times relation will occur. In this manner the roving or sliver warps are manipulated in their loose and fluffy condition without being twisted, chemically treated or sized.

It is found that the opening in the tubes substantially controls the thickness of the finished fabric and that so long as a roving or sliver is of a size equal to, or greater than the dimension of this tubing used, this will be substantially the result. It is required, however, for the successful operation of this loom with this mode of tension, that the sliver or roving be not smaller than the tube used as the friction of this sliver or roving against the inner surface of the tube is necessary in order that there be the required tension on this warp that it may function satisfactorily, although this tension is very slight. If the tube were larger than the roving or sliver some other form of tension must be used such as flattening the end portion Ill of the carrier 63 by removable screws III; whereby different size tubes or tube spaced differently apart, may be substituted in the carrier.

In some instances it is desirable to draw the set of tubes backwardly along the soft roving or sliver strands which I accomplish by so shaping the surface 61 or surfaces 61 and 68, that as the carrier 63 is moved from one position to another to perform this drawing action, and when this action is had it is particularly desirable that the carrier 63 be movable relative to the shaft I54.

It is also desirable to cause the warp threads to be out of the path of movement of the carrier 63 that the warp threads will not draw over the carrier when in certain of its positions, such for instance as in its upper position shown in-Fig. 1, and to accomplish this I have provided guides 99 and I00 over which these threads may pass for the accomplishment of this purpose.

In some instances it is desirable that such guide rods as 99 and I00 be omitted that the binder warps may be conducted in more nearly the plane of their weaving operation and to accomplish this I may bend the tubes as I have illustrated at I III in Figs. 8 and 9. In this manner the holder for the tubes and its guide may be positioned below the plane of action of the binder warp threads while the tubes are sufficiently rigid to support and direct the sliver or roving out of the path of It will, of course, be understood that a greater friction will be had on the bulky warps in this modification of the invention and possibly a larger size tube may be necessary to lessen the friction on the roving or sliver. It will, of course, be understood that in Fig. 8 the tubes IOI are in their raised position for the passage of the shuttle beneath them, while in Fig. 9 they are in their lowered position for the passage of the shuttle over the bulky warps.

In the illustrations of Figs. 1 to 9 the sliver or roving is bound in' by binder warp threads and filling threads. In some cases I may eliminate the binder warp threads entirely and manipulate the bulky warps by manipulating the tubes so that a. filling thread may pass over some and under some of the roving or sliver warps as the filling moves from one side of the loom to the other.

In Figs. 10 and 11 I have illustrated such an arrangement of the tubes that may accomplish this result. Two groups of tubes, I02 and I03, are provided, each group being secured in a carrier I 04 or I05. The bulky warps are supplied from cans as above illustrated and alternate delivery ends of the tubes, or alternate groups of the ends of the tubes are moved by the carriers I04 and I05, thus a shed is made between the sliver or roving warps in the same manner as by the harnesses in alternately interchanging the positions of the group of tubes I02 and I03 so that the shuttle may pass between them. One position is illustrated in Fig. 10, and the interchanging position is illustrated in Fig. 11, so that first the group I02 is above and then the group I03 is above with the other group below in each instance. In a loom arranged in this manner where no binder warps are desired, the harnesses and their manipulating mechanism and the controls for the binder warps may be entirely eliminated or omitted.

In Fig. 12 I have illustrated a still further modified form of the invention in which the tubular guide for the bulky warps is stationary. This,

illustration shows the double formation of fabric such as is frequently used in the formation of a pile fabric such as plushes or velvets- The two ground fabrics I06 and I0! are woven in spaced relation with the threads which are usually used for forming the pile portion of the fabric directed from one ground fabric to the other, only in the illustration which I have shown the ground fabrics will not be cut apart, and between these ground fabrics will be a stufling of the roving, sliver, or :3

loose untwisted material, as a stuffer, and it will enter between these fabrics by being directed through a tube I08 which will be fixed and which will be so shaped by bending as at I09 that the delivery or flared ends IIII may be at any convenient point below the harnesses or some point out of the way of the operating mechanism for the receiving of the bulky warp 69. The two shuttles III and II? are thrown across the loom together by a pick-a-stick as is usual in this type of loom. The binder warp threads which extends from one ground fabric to the other ground fabric together in this formation shown in Fig. 12 make a firm binding to hold the roving in position.

The illustrations of this invention above set forth may be applied in the different types of looms such as a fly shuttle, narrow fabric, needle,

nipper loom which may be noted for illustrative purposes.

In each of the illustrations Figs. 1 to 11 the tubular guides or conductors for the sliver or roving extend through the harnesses and reeds so that the binder warp threads are between the tubes and as the reed beats up the filling this sliver or roving will not be chafed. In some instances it is desirable that the binding filling pass across the tubes adjacent their ends so that the reed will push the filling off the end of the tube as the pick is beaten up. In other instances the shuttle will pass over the material after it has emerged from the tubes to lie directly in contact with the sliver or roving, and in this instance the pick will be beaten .up by it being moved along the sliver or roving.

In some cases it may be desirable to leave a loop such as is shown atl I3 in Fig.3 which I may do by leaving a tube along the selvedge empty and passing the shuttle over the end of the tube to loop the filling about the same. In a formation of the fabric in this manner these loops provide a means for attaching two selvedge edges of the fabric together to provide a wider web with its edges in an abutting relation eliminating a lapping of the selvedges as would be otherwise necessary.

It will be understood that any number of harnesses may be used to provides. fabric of the desired design that the sliver or roving strands may be positioned intermittently to form thickened stripes with a web of thin fabric betweenthesestripes or any various combinations may be had as might be suggested to the fabric designed. The fabric is so firmly bound by the binding warp and filling threads that it may be cut without ravelling, and as various different materials may be used such as asbestos and the like having little or not tensile strength, a good insulating fabric and fire resistant material may be formed. Also a fabric may be formed, using as the bulky warp, groups of curled metallic ribbons, which will be very resilient and durable and suitable for scouring purposes.

I have illustrated in Figs. 13 to 18 inclusive in more detail one form of fabric formed by this method. Fig. 13 illustrates the fabric designated generally H20. It consists of a series of sliver or roving strands l2l somewhat compressibly arranged side by side and in warpwise parallel relationship. A group of weft threads is designated E23 comprising a series of binding weft threads Wt along the top of the fabric H20, and a group N5 of weft threads Hi5 along the bottom of the fabric M0 the groups i235 and H25 are in somewhat staggered relation as will be apparent from Figs. l6, l7, and 18. The threads HM and I26 are shown in Fig. 1'7 as having binding loops l2?! and'ltt for joining two of the fabrics together widthwise. The binding warp threads are also arranged in groups i229 each thread being designated liifl. Each of the groups He extend from one group of filling threads I23 to the other group l25 diagonally through, the thickness of the fabric throughout the length thereof, and thus serves to bind the fabric in a certain definite and predetermined thickness governed by the size of the tubes through which the sliver or roving is delivered. Fig. 18 illustrates somewhat more clearly how each thread I30 is interlaced over and under the filling threads I24 and I26 thereby causing upwardly and downwardly directed loops I33 and I34 causing the locking relationship of the threads as desired.

It is, of course, understood that Fig. 18 is greatly enlarged showing abnormal spaced relation of the threads in orde'rthat their paths of travel may be more clearly illustrated and followed in' the actual fabric. In the fabric formed there will be depressions I40 and MI between which the soft sliver or roving fibers will extend outwardly twisted or slightly twister elongated group of fibers or filaments, or a roll of metallic material such assmall wires, shavings or ribbons which aoseyia may be entangled together as a means of assembly.

The foregoing description is directed solely towards the construction illustrated, but I desire it to be understood that I reserve the privilege of resorting to all the mechanical changes to which the device is susceptible, the invention being defined and limited only by the terms of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, a plurality of tubes extending through said harnesses and reed, means for securing said tubes together and means for moving said tubes to a point above or below the path of travel of the filling carrier.

2. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, tubes for conducting a plurality of warp threads through said harnesses and reed but out of contact therewith, a movable support for said tubes, a cam, and means secured to said movable support and engaged by said cam for moving said support.

3. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, tubes for conducting a plurality of warp threads through said harnesses and reed, a movable support for said tubes, a flexible member secured to said support, a cam, and means secured to said flexible member and engaged by said cam for moving said support.

4. In a loom, a lay having a groove therein, a

reed secured to said lay, tubes for conducting a plurality of relatively large Warp threads through said reed and out of contact therewith, a filling carrier, means for moving said carrier across said lay, and means for moving said tubes into said groove and out of the path of travel of said carrier.

' 5. In a loom, a reed, a frame provided with a slot therein, guides for conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a movable support for said guides extending into said slot, and means for moving said support to be guided by the walls of said slot.

6. In a loom, a reed, a frame provided with slots therein having guiding edges, movable blocks in said slots engaging said edges, a support secured to said blocks, guides secured to said support for conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, and means for moving said support to be guided by said blocks.

7. In a loom, a reed, a frame provided with a guide slot therein, tubes for conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a movable support for said tubes extending into said slot, and means for moving said support to be guided by the walls of said slot.

8. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted on said support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, and means including a cam for moving said support whereby the same is guided by said block in said slot.

9. In a loom,-a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted on said support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a flexible member secured to said support, a cam, and means secured to said flexible member and engaged by said cam for moving said support whereby the same is guided by said block in said slot.

10. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted on said support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a flexible member secured to said support, a pivoted lever secured to said flexible member, and means engaging said lever for moving said support whereby the same is guided by said block in said slot.

11. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidably mounted in said slot, 2. support secured to said block, tubes mounted on said support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a flexible member and cam means for engaging said lever for moving said support whereby the same is guided by said block in said slot.

12. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted on said support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a flexible member secured to said support, a pivoted lever secured to said flexible member, a gear having a cam groove, a pin on said lever extending into said groove, and means for rotating said gear.

13. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a slot therein, a block slidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted on said support and conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a strap secured to said support, a pivoted lever secured to said strap, and means engaging said lever for moving said support whereby the same is guided by said block in said slot.

14. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a curved slot therein, a block slidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted on said support for conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, and means for moving said support to be guided by said block and slot.

15. In a loom, a reed, a frame having a curved slototherein, a block slidably mounted in said slot, a support secured to said block, tubes mounted on said support for conducting a plurality of warp threads through said reed, a flexible member secured to said support, a pivoted lever secured to said flexible member, a gear having a cam groove therein, a pin on said lever extending into said groove, and means for rotating said gear to move said support to be guided by said block and slot.

16. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, a movable support, a plurality of units of tubes detachably secured on said support, said tubes extending through said harnesses and reed'for conducting a plurality of relatively large warp threads through said harness and reed and out of contact therewith.

17. In a loom having harnesses and a reed, a plurality of groups of guides extending from the rear of the harnesses to a point in front of the reed adjacent to the woven fabric for conducting warps of material having little or no tensile strength thru the loom, and means to which said guides are secured for moving said groups of guides oppositely and alternately to form a shed.

CLIFFORD G. MOON.

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