US20200095759A1

US20200095759A1 - Super high-rise building

Info

Publication number: US20200095759A1
Application number: US16/471,820
Authority: US
Inventors: Risto Vinnari
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-12-21
Filing date: 2017-12-14
Publication date: 2020-03-26
Also published as: RU2019122615A3; BR112019012695A2; JP2020502403A; EP3559376A1; KR20190095386A; RU2019122615A; CN110325696A; AU2017381466A1; WO2018114628A1; MX2019007218A

Abstract

A super high-rise building (1) comprising a main support structure (10) of reinforced concrete, and a base (20; 20″; 20′″) having at least four corners (13). The main support structure (10) is formed of at least two walls (11), each extending all the way between diametrically opposed external wall corners (13) of said base (20). Said two walls (11, 11) intersect each other, and at least an intermediate portion (14) of the respective wall (11) extends to an uppermost portion of said super high-rise building (1).

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a super high-rise building, also called a skyscraper, according to the preamble of claim 1.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

By a super high-rise building is meant, in the present description, a building of a height of from about 100 metres to up to 500 metres or more. Such buildings must be able to support their weight, be resistant to winds and earthquakes, and protect occupants from fire.
Most of the super high-rise buildings produced have a steel framework as the supporting structure, rather than having load bearing walls of conventional constructions.
Most of the super high-rise buildings produced earlier had a steel frame as the supporting structure that enable them to be built taller than typical load bearing pillars of reinforced concrete.
To be able to build even higher buildings, in the mid-sixties, a new structural system of framed steel tubes was developed.
However, the steel structure of super high-rise buildings, as shown with the collapse of the twin towers of the World Trade Center, is a risk factor if a major fire breaks out, and as said buildings get higher, the problem with fire-fighting and the risk of the building collapsing in case of fire is increased.
Therefore, in recent years super high-rise buildings constructed with a support structure of reinforced concrete have become an option to support structures of steel.
Although, the risk of collapsing in case fire is reduced with super high-rise buildings constructed with a support structure of reinforced concrete compared to a support structure of steel, there is always a risk, particularly in case of an explosive fire, that the fire will spread to a major portion of the building both between floors and along a floor. This is due to the fact that the support structure of reinforced concrete is placed more or less in the centre of the building.
Accordingly, there is a need of an improved support structure of reinforced concrete when constructing super high-rise buildings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved support structure of reinforced concrete which divide a super high-rise building in at least four from each other independent main cells, each extending from the base to the top of said super high-rise building.
A further object of the invention is to provide a super high-rise building having a support structure of reinforced concrete which improves the stability and rigidity of the super high-rise building, thus reduces vibrations and sways of the building.
A further object of the invention is to provide a super high-rise building having a support structure of reinforced concrete with at least centrally arranged lift shafts in each main cell.
These and other objects are achieved with a super high-rise building having a main support structure of reinforced concrete according to the invention as it is defined in claim 1.
Preferred embodiments and developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims 2 to 13.

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further advantage, features and embodiments of the invention will be evident from the following detailed description of embodiments of a super high-rise building having a main support structure of reinforced concrete shown in the appended drawings, in which

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view from above of a prior art a super high-rise building having a square shaped main support structure of reinforced concrete,

FIGS. 2 to 12 schematic sectional views from above of a super high-rise building having a main support structure of reinforced concrete according to the invention, and

FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional side view of the embodiment of a super high-rise building having a main support structure of reinforced concrete according to the invention shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional side view of the embodiment of a super high-rise building having a main support structure of reinforced concrete according to the invention shown in FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

In the description and the claims below is described a super high-rise building having a main support structure of reinforced concrete. The external walls, facades, are typically of the non-load bearing type, and may be made of glass, for instance.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a prior art super high-rise building having a main support structure of reinforced concrete, the external shape of the building being square and also the main support structure being square. The outer walls of main support structure are formed at a distance of about ¼ from each external wall of the super high-rise building. As an example, the length of each external wall is about 60 to 70 metres.
As can be inferred from FIG. 1 in case that an extensive fire breaks out it may spread around the main support structure and thus around one or more floors, i.e. it may encircle the whole super high-rise building.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 12 by designing a main support structure 10 of reinforced concrete of a super high-rise building 1 in the way shown, it is possible to minimize the risk that an extensive fire will encircle the whole super high-rise building, i.e. spread around one or more floors.
FIGS. 2 and 14 show a first embodiment of a super high-rise building 1 having a main support structure 10 of reinforced concrete. A base 20 of said super high-rise building is schematically shown in the form of a square. It should be noted that the shape of the base 20 could be any suitable shape, such as a quadrangle, a parallelogram, a parallelepiped, a rectangle or a square.
The super high-rise building 1 has a height h in a vertical direction, see FIGS. 13 and 14. The height h may be form about 100 metres up to 500 metres or more.
The reinforcement of the concrete of at least said main support structure 10 may comprise a material selected from the group consisting of steel, glass fibre and carbon fibre or a combination thereof.
The main support structure 10 is formed of at least two walls 11. Each of the walls 11 may be a fire proof wall. Each wall 11 extends all the way between diametrically opposed external wall corners 13 of said base 20.
Each of the walls 11 is made of reinforced concrete. Each of the walls 11 may have a flat shape and extend vertically from the base 20.
As can be inferred, the two walls 11 intersect each other. Depending upon the structure of the super high-rise building 1 and thereby the main support structure 10 said walls may intersect each other at an intermediate portion 14 of respective wall 11. Said intermediate portion 14 may form a cross portion or a centre portion of respective wall 11 of said main support structure 10, as shown in
FIGS. 2 to 14, but it is not necessary. Said intermediate portion 14 of each wall 11 extends from said base 20 to an uppermost portion of said super high-rise building 1 or to a top end la of the super high-rise building 1, i.e. along the height or whole height of the super high-rise building 1, see FIGS. 13 and 14.
Each wall 11 may extend vertically from the base 20 along the height h of the super high-rise building 1. The super high-rise building 1 comprises a plurality of floors 15 which are separated from each other by joists 17, one joists 17 for each floor 15, see FIG. 14. The walls 11 extend from the base 20 through all floors 15 and joists 17.
By providing a main support structure 10 as mentioned above, at least four main confined spaces 100 are arranged each extending from said base 20 to the top end of said super high-rise building 1.
Furthermore, at each external wall corner 13 associated to each wall 11, at an external end 16 of respective walls 11 is arranged an external wall support structure 30 extending horizontally from said end 16 along a portion of a respective adjacent external wall 40 and to a height where said adjacent external wall 40 ends.
As seen in FIGS. 3 to 5, for instance, to further improve the stability and rigidity of the super high-rise building 1, at the external wall corner 13 associated to each wall 11, each external wall support structure 30 forms a corner support structure 31 by arranging support walls 32 extending at right angle from each adjacent external wall 40 to said wall 11 such as to form said corner support structure 31. Said corner support structure 31 may form a closed corner support structure 31. Preferably, the walls 11 extend through each of said corner support structures 31 to the external wall corner 13. Said corner support structure 31 has preferably the form of a quadrangle, such as a square or rectangle, and extends to a height where said adjacent external walls 40 ends.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate portion 14 of respective wall 11 is provided with at least a pair of opposed internal support structures 50. The ends 51 of each internal support structures 50 extend to a respective wall 11.
The opposed internal support structures 50 may, as shown in FIG. 4, form a central support structure 52 at the intermediate portion 14 of respective wall 11. The central support structure 52 is formed of two pairs of opposed internal support structures 50. The central support structure 52 has preferably the same shape as the external shape of the super high-rise building 1. Furthermore, inner support structures 53 may extend from the intermediate portion 14 of respective wall 11 to a respective one of the internal support structures 50 and form a right angle with the respective internal support structure 50. The central support structure 52 may thus form a plurality of first vertically extending shafts 54. Said first vertically extending shafts 54 may form shafts for service functions of the super high-rise building, which function are selected from the group consisting of lifts, ventilation equipment, electric cables and piping and so forth.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is similar to the one in FIG. 3, but without the opposed internal support structures 50.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 6, to even further improve the stability and rigidity of particularly the corners of the super high-rise building 1, at least a further corner support structure 34 is arranged adjacent each corner support structure 31 and along the walls 11 towards the intermediate portion 14 of respective wall 11. Said further corner support structure 34 has preferably the form of a quadrangle, such as a square or a rectangle. Preferably, the walls 11 extend through each of said further corner support structures 34.
The so formed corner support structures 31 and said further corner support structures 34 form vertically extending shafts 33 for service functions of the super high-rise building 1, which functions are selected from the group consisting of lifts, ventilation equipment, electric cables and piping and so forth.
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the super high-rise building 1 which is a combination of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 6.
As seen in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, in case of said base 20 being shaped as a quadrangle, but not necessary, said at least two walls 11 are each formed of a plurality of quadrangular support structures 70 mutually having the same form. That the intermediate portion 14 of respective wall 11, a centre quadrangular support structure 70 a is formed. At each corner 71 of said centre quadrangular support structure 70 a said plurality of quadrangular support structures 70 may be connected to each other at diametrically opposed corners 72, preferably such that respective side 70 b, 70 c of the centre quadrangular support structure 70 a and each quadrangular support structure 70 a is parallel with a respective side 20 a of the base 20, and possibly with a respective one of the external walls 40.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the base 20′ has a basic quadrangular shape with opposed inwardly angled external wall portions 41 extending from opposed external wall corners 13 and connected to each other by an external wall 42. In the same way, as is shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate portion 14 of respective wall 11 is provided with at least a pair of opposed internal support structures 50. The ends 51 of each support structure 50 extend to respective wall 11.
In case the base 20′ has a more rectangular shape, an obtuse angle a formed between the two walls 11 of the support structure 10 has a maximum value of about 130°.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the base 20″ has the form of an octagon, but the support structure 10 has the same shape as the one shown in FIG. 5.
However, the base may have, in an embodiment not shown, more or less than 8 corners.
In FIGS. 9 and 10, in the same way as is shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, at the external wall corner 13 associated to each wall 11, an external wall support structure 30 forms a corner support structure 31 by arranging walls 32 extending from each adjacent external wall 40, 41 to said wall 11 such as to form said corner support structure 31. Said corner support structure 31 may form a closed corner support structure 31. Preferably, the walls 11 extend through each of said corner support structures 31 to the external wall corner 13. Said corner support structure 31 extends to a height where said adjacent external walls 40, 41 end.
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, to even further improve the stability and rigidity of the super high-rise building 1 and to reduce the consequences of a major explosion, for instance, further vertical support structures 80 and centrally arranged vertical support structures 90 are provided in the confined spaces 100 formed between the arms 11. Said centrally arranged vertical support structures 90 preferably having each a straight side structure 91 directed towards the centre of the building.
The vertical support structures 80 and centrally arranged vertical support structures 90 are preferably so arranged relative to each other and the vertical support structures 80 individually that corridor 110 and 111 are formed.
At the side of one of the straight side structure 91 (to the right) shown in FIG. 12 directed towards the centre of the super high-rise building shafts 54 are formed.
As in the embodiments above, the main support structure 10 is formed of two intersecting walls 11, each extending all the way between diametrically opposed external wall corners 13 of said base 20, 20′, 20″.
In all of the embodiments of the super high-rise building 1 according to the invention at least four main confined spaces 100 are formed, which each provide its own fireproof cell. Fire proof doors may be provided in the walls 11 between the fireproof cells so formed. Should fire proof doors be provided the walls 11 between the fireproof cells, they are preferably arranged at a spacing of 4 to 5 floors 15.
FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional side view of the embodiment of a super high-rise building 1 having a main support structure 10 of reinforced concrete according to the invention as shown in FIG. 6, for instance. As a non-limiting example, the corner support structures 32, 34 extend to different heights, wherein the corner support structures 32 form outermost corner support structures 32, and the further corner support structures 34 may form intermediate corner support structures 34 and innermost corner support structures 34. The outermost corner support structures 32 may be the lowest and may extend preferably to a height of about 100 metres. The intermediate corner support structures 34 may extend preferably to a height of about 300 metres and the innermost corner support structures 34 may extend preferably to a height of about 500 metres.
It should be noted that the walls 11 of the support structure 10 in all embodiments mentioned above shall have such strength that they preferable will withstand an extensive fire and/or major explosion.

Claims

1. A super high-rise building (1) comprising a main support structure (10) of reinforced concrete, and a base (20; 20′; 20″) having at least four corners (13), characterized in that the main support structure (10) is formed of at least two walls (11), each extending all the way between diametrically opposed external wall corners (13) of said base (20, 20′, 20″), that said two walls (11, 11) intersect each other, and that at least an intermediate portion (14) of the respective wall (11) extends to an uppermost portion of said super high-rise building (1).

2. The super high-rise building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said two walls (11, 11) intersect each other at said intermediate portion (14) of the respective wall (11).

3. The super high-rise building (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that said intermediate portion (14) of the respective wall (11) is a centre portion of the respective wall (11).

4. The super high-rise building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at the external wall corner (13) associated to each wall (11), an end (16) of respective wall (11) is provided with an external wall support structure (30) extending horizontally from said end (16) along a portion of a respective adjacent external wall (40) and to a height where said adjacent external wall (40) ends.

5. The super high-rise building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a pair of opposed support structures (50) are arranged at the intermediate portion (14) of the respective wall (11), the ends (51) of which extend to the respective wall (11).

6. The super high-rise building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in case of said base (20, 20′, 20″) having the shape of a quadrangle, at the intermediate portion (14) of the respective wall (11), central support structures (52) are arranged with a corresponding quadrangle shape, the ends (51) of which extend to the respective wall (11) such as to form at least one first vertically extending shaft (54).

7. The super high-rise building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at the external wall corner (13) associated to each wall (11), an end (16) of said walls (11) is provided with a corner support structure (32) extending at right angle from each adjacent external wall (40) to said wall (11) so as to form a corner support structure (31), said corner support structure (31) extending to a height where said adjacent external walls (40) end, and said corner support structure (31) forms a second vertically extending shaft (33).

8. The super high-rise building (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that at least a further corner support structure (34) is arranged adjacent each corner support structure (31) along the walls (11) towards the intermediate portion (14) of the respective wall (11), said further corner support structure (34) has the same quadrangle shape as the base (20), and that the wall (11) extends through each said further corner support structure (34).

9. The super high-rise building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, in case of said base (20) has the shape of a quadrangle, said at least two walls (11) are formed of a plurality of quadrangles (70) mutually having the same form, that at the intermediate portion (14) of respective wall (11) a centre quadrangle (70 a) is formed, that at each corner (71) of said centre quadrangle (70 a) said plurality of quadrangles (70) are connected to each other at diametrically opposed corners (72) such that respective side (70 b, 70 c) of the centre quadrangle (70) and each quadrangle (70 a) is parallel with a respective side (20 a) of the base (20).

10. The super high-rise building (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that further vertical support structures (80) are arranged between the walls (11).

11. The super high-rise building (1) according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that said at least one first vertically extending shaft (54) and said second vertically extending shaft (33) form shafts for service functions of the super high-rise building (1), which functions are selected from the group consisting of lifts, ventilation equipment, electric cables and piping.

12. The super high-rise building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement of the concrete of at least said main support structure (10) comprises a material selected from the group consisting of steel, glass fibre and carbon fibre or a combination thereof.

13. The super high-rise building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said base (20) has the shape of a quadrangle and that four centrally arranged vertical support structures (90) are arranged to extend between the walls (11), wherein the centrally arranged vertical support structures (90) are directed towards the centre of the building and are provided with fire proof doors at the ends of the centrally arranged vertical support structures (90) so that at least four main confined spaces are formed, which main confined spaces each provide its own fireproof cell.