US20130268294A1

US20130268294A1 - System and method for managing medical imaging professional certifications

Info

Publication number: US20130268294A1
Application number: US13/891,881
Authority: US
Inventors: Jerad J. Hahn; Ryan M. Krocak
Original assignee: Atirix Medical Systems Inc
Current assignee: Atirix Medical Systems Inc
Priority date: 2005-01-19
Filing date: 2013-05-10
Publication date: 2013-10-10
Also published as: US8428969B2; US20120185292A1; US8478610B2; US20060212317A1

Abstract

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, professional certifications functionality is provided by a mammography management system that allows system users such as radiologist and technologists to track their professional credentials such as licenses, certifications, and education. The functionality is flexible such that a variety of credential types may be entered and stored in the system and so that the progress of such credentials are tracked and monitored for relevant continuing education requirements.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/412,288, filed Mar. 5, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/335,858 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,428,969 to Hahn et al., entitled “System and Method for Tracking Medical Imaging Quality,” filed Jan. 19, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/742,668, filed Dec. 6, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/613,054, filed Jan. 19, 2005, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Current breast imaging technology presents a variety of challenges for those involved with the practice of mammography. Among those challenges are low reimbursement rates, diminishing availability of fellowship trained radiologists, decreasing numbers of mammography facilities, integration complexity, high cost of human resources and errors, and MQSA compliance. Additionally, despite the growth in full-field digital mammography, the introduction of digital imaging has provided a variety of opportunities to breast imaging technology that have not been fully realized.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a method in a computer system is provided for managing mammography examination information. The method includes receiving electronically personal information of a patient, such as name, demographic information, and insurance information. Next, digital mammography images of the patient are produced by a modality for a screening examination and/or diagnostic examination, and mammography procedure results data is generated that reflect the results of a procedure examination, such as a biopsy. Then, the personal information, digital images, and procedure data of the user are stored in a database and are logically linked to each other.
When a system user, such as a radiologist, is prepared to interpret examination results, the digital images and procedure data of the user are electronically displayed to the user responsive to a user request. At least a first portion of the digital images is electronically retrieved from the database, and at least a second portion of the digital images is retrieved from a Picture Archive and Communications System (PACS). Data from the user representing a medical interpretation of said digital images and procedure data are received, and a medical report based on the medical interpretation is automatically generated responsive to receipt of the interpretation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for an image viewing software screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system that can be used to implement various described embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another exemplary computer system that can be used to implement various described embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of yet another exemplary computer system that can be used to implement various described embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a user account screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a facility schedule configuration screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a schedule day view screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 8 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a create appointment dialog screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a view appointment dialog screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a appointment workflow method in accordance with one described embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for performing screening, diagnostic, and procedure examinations in accordance with one described embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for creating an exam record in accordance with one described embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a create exam screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 14 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a start exam screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a symptom recordation screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 16 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a search exam screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 17 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a search exam screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 18 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for an exam worklist screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 19 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a facility dashboard screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 20 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a study worklist screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 21 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a compare/repeat exam list screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 22 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a draft exam list screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 23 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a callback exam list screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 24 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for a screening exam workflow in accordance with one described embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for an exam results screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 26 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for an add lesion screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 27 is a diagram of an exemplary patient letter screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 28 is a diagram of an exemplary exam report screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 29 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a view exam screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 30 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for a diagnostic exam workflow in accordance with one described embodiment.

FIG. 31 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a diagnostic exam results screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 32 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a patient symptom diagram screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 33 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a view diagnostic exam screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 34 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method for a procedural exam workflow in accordance with one described embodiment.

FIG. 35 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a procedure exam results screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 36 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a view procedure exam screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 37 is a flow diagram that describes steps in a method of data exchange in accordance with one described embodiment.

FIG. 38 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a MQSA audit screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 39 is a diagram of an exemplary user interface for a QC test plan setup screen in accordance with one specific implementation.

FIG. 40 is a QC Test Plan Setup Screen.

FIG. 41 is a QC Worksheet Setup Screen.

FIG. 42 is an Add Device Screen.

FIG. 43 is a Modify Device Screen.

FIG. 44 is a View Device Screen.

FIG. 45 is a QC Dashboard Screen

FIG. 46 is a Device QC Test Plan Screen

FIG. 47 is a QC Worksheet Screen.

FIG. 48 is a View QC Worksheet Screen.

FIG. 49 is a QC Quarterly Signoff.

FIG. 50 is a QC Report Screen.

FIG. 51 is a QC Daily and Weekly Report.

FIG. 52 is a QC Monthly and Quarterly Report.

FIG. 53 is a QC 5 Day Averages Report.

FIG. 54 is a QC Quarterly Signoff Report.

FIG. 55 is an image of a List Credential Screen.

FIG. 56 is an image of a Add Credential Screen.

FIG. 57 is a Reminder Email Template.

FIG. 58 is an image of a Modify Credential Screen.

FIG. 59 is an image of a View Credential Screen.

FIG. 60 is an image of a Track Credit Screen.

FIG. 61 is an image of a View Upcoming Renewals Screen.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

System and Method Overview

The mammography management system and method of the present invention is a network-based solution that facilitates secure and efficient electronic data movement. Because the system platform may be implemented in a web-based environment, it promotes access flexibility, wherein users such as radiologists may connect and access the system resources from any connected location. The system provides various functionalities described herein relating to mammography exams and information management and supports full-field digital mammography (FFDM).
The mammography management system and method of the present invention is readily integrated with Picture Archive and Communications Systems (PACS), Hospital Information Systems (HIS), and Radiology Information Systems (RIS), allowing for existing systems to continue to function with the additional benefits of the mammography management system of the present invention. HIS and RIS contain patient and examination information, which are described in more detail below. When resources within the mammography management system and PACS are connected to a HIS/RIS, the mammography workflow is made more efficient by electronically transferring patient and examination data and information to the appropriate workstation/user in the system of the present invention.
PACS is an image management and communication system that stores and distributes digital images and is in communication with the mammography management system. By integrating with PACS, the mammography management system receives electronic image studies from PACS, which in turn triggers the advancement of the exam workflow. Images are generally maintained and transferred using the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard, where DICOM is a protocol based standard that facilitates the transfer of digital images and associated information between devices.
As described in more detail below, the mammography management system of the present invention electronically associates studies received from the modality with the study request record, the exam, and the patient stored in the system. An integrated PACS system allows for digital image capture and storage, which are then automatically associated with patient exams, or allows for scanning of analog images for comparison with more recent digital images. By electronically associating images and other information received by the mammography management system from PACS or other systems, image retrieval, reporting, and other functionality are enhanced and made more efficient.
The mammography management system is also integrated with image viewing software appropriate for viewing mammography studies. A screenshot of an appropriate viewing application is shown in FIG. 1. The software is enhanced to allow for expedient transfer of medical images over the networked connections and resources. This integration also allows for a system user, typically a radiologist, to instantaneously retrieve and view studies, and to automatically load related studies into the viewing software onto suitable viewing station hardware that is appropriately configured. As described in more detail below, image viewing is integrated with the exam workflow such that when a radiologist views exam data, the images are automatically displayed to him or her.
The mammography management system further includes electronic interfaces to various modalities, such as FFDM, sonography, bone density, soft copy workstations (radiologist image viewer), and MRI modalities. As described in more detail below, the present invention includes a variety of worklists that define and prioritize workflows for various activities or actions that will be performed. Where appropriate, the system provides for electronic interfaces with the modalities that allow for modality worklist download, thereby streamlining operations involving the various modalities.
As described in more detail herein, the system of the present invention may also include integration with various other components, including integrated digital signature capture for patients and physicians, integrated voice dictation for physicians, automatic PDF file generation of reports and letters, integrated fax solution for physician reports, and integrated MQSA reporting system. The reports and images are made available to referring physicians via an integrated web portal. Additionally, quality assurance and quality control functionality for FFDM, sonography, and breast MRI modalities allows users to maintain patient images, patient data, and modality data in a single system. The system also incorporates MQSA and BI-RADS standards, thereby promoting portability and minimizing training time for new users.

System Architecture and User Portals

FIG. 2 shows a logical representation of the architecture of the mammography management system of the present invention in one possible configuration for a hospital implementation. Because the representation is logical rather than physical, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the physical implementation of the mammography management may take the form of a variety of different embodiments, including one or more servers associated with one or more databases and other physical components for performing data management, user interfaces generation, information storage, or performing other operations as described herein. In the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the mammography management system server 100 is integrated with existing HIS 110, PACS 120, and RIS 130 components. The server 100 may be physically located at the hospital facility, remotely located as part of a larger campus, or hosted by a third party. When the server 100 is not local to the hospital or other medical facility, the server and other components of the mammography management system may communicate through a variety of suitable means, such as the Internet, frame relay, point to point networking, or other appropriate architectures. The specific configuration of any installation of the mammography management system may vary while still remaining within the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a logical representation of the mammography management system in one possible configuration for a free-standing facility implementation. In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, the mammography management system server 100 is integrated with an existing PACS component 120. In this embodiment, a user may view DICOM images at soft copy workstation (SCW) 140, provided from server 100 or modality 150. Generally, all code, operating systems, databases, and web servers reside on hard drives local to the server 100.
FIG. 4 shows a logical representation of the architecture of the mammography management system in one possible configuration for a satellite mammography screening service implementation. This configuration includes optional on-site and/or off-site storage services, storage area network (SAN) 160, which stores all relevant patient information, such as images, patient data, and exam data. This configuration allows a satellite mammography screening facility and service to benefit from the desired functionalities of a third party provider of the mammography management system.
Users of the system may include a variety of individuals such as radiologists, technologists, administrators, referring physicians, clerical and other facility employees, and, in some instances, patients (e.g., to sign or view disclosure information). As illustrated above, various system architectures are envisioned within the scope of the present invention, and the various system users may access the system from a variety of resources and locations. For example, a technologist may interact with the system via system interfaces provided at any number of tech stations located within a facility, whereas a radiologist may interact with the system via system interfaces provided at either a soft copy workstation at a facility or at an Internet-connected computer at the radiologist's home. The architecture flexibility allows for accommodating any desirable configuration of such portals or access points to the mammography management system.
Users of the mammography management system connect to the system by first logging in to a system portal or access point prior to using any of the management system functionality. The login requires authentication of the user and provisioning of user privileges based on his or her assigned role. In order to access the portal the user must provide his or her username, password, and an optional crypto key. Successful login will establish a trusted session with the system portal.
Access and login may be performed through a user interface via a web browser. When the username, password and crypto key number are authenticated by the mammography management system server 100, the appropriate screen is displayed based on the user's predefined role. Predefined roles and corresponding screens may include the following: administrator/patient search screen; radiologist/pending exam screen; lead interpreting physician/exam search screen; system administrator/user search screen; and referring physician/exam search screen. For example, when an authorized radiologist logins, a “pending exam” screen will be displayed.
With reference to FIG. 5, a user account screen 500 allows a user to manage various information including office phone, home phone, cell phone, fax, email address, and password. Additional display of signature, screening schedule, facilities and linked physician record are dependent on the account options for the user's roles. For example, for users identified as radiologists, a selection is made available for toggling a “Available for Reading” setting 510, which indicates whether the radiologist is available to review studies.

System Exam Scheduling Functionality

The mammography management system appointment scheduling component provides a facility with appointment scheduling functionality. The system provides each facility with a separate schedule of appointments across the facility's defined resources. A resource is a generic term for an entity that may be scheduled, such as staff, rooms, and equipment.
The scheduling functionality provides interfaces for a user to schedule patient appointments to a specific resource/time intersection. An appointment represents the time and resource at which a study will occur for a patient. The scheduling component of the mammography management system also maintains a schedule for each facility and allows a user to limit the user or availability of resources to certain types of studies. The functionality further provides user interfaces that display lists of first available appointments and that allow a user to select existing patients stored in the mammography management system or create new patients when an appointment is scheduled. The scheduling functionality integrates appointments with the exam/study creation processes described below to exchange data and automatically populate fields containing previously acquired data.
The mammography management system appointment scheduling user interface provides for various views/screens relating to scheduling to accomplish the forgoing functionality. The Schedule Configuration screens allow the system user to configure hours of operation 610, time segmentation 620, and scheduled resources 630. An example of a Facility Schedule Configuration screen 600 is seen in FIG. 6. These configurations are performed at the facility level. The Schedule View screens display to a user the appointment schedule for a specific facility through different views based on time span (e.g., daily, weekly, bi-weekly). An example of a Schedule Day View screen 700 is seen in FIG. 7. The schedule view screens may also be used to locate and schedule new appointments. The Appointment screens display an interface for creating, modifying, viewing and searching for patient appointments. An example of an incomplete Create Appointment Dialog screen 800 is seen in FIG. 8, and an example of a View Appointment Dialog screen 900 is seen in FIG. 9. The Appointment screens allow a user to link an appointment to an existing patient record stored in the mammography management system.
With reference to FIG. 10, the Appointment Workflow 1000 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown, illustrating the appointment statuses throughout the workflow. Typically, a patient calls a facility's appointment desk, and a “scheduler” or other system user answers the phone, determines basic information about the appointment (e.g., type of study, which breast) and uses the Schedule View screens to locate an appropriate time slot. The scheduler then locates the existing patient in the mammography management system, creates a new patient, or takes basic information, enters the referring physician, saves the appointment using the Appointment Screens. At this point, the appointment is given a status in the mammography management system of Scheduled 1010. If the patient information was not previously stored or located in the mammography management system, the scheduler or administrator user adds the new patient to the system by navigating to the patient area and clicking on the “add” link in the patient search screen.
Optionally, a facility employee can call the patient to confirm the appointment prior to the actual appointment date/time. At this point, the appointment is given a status in the mammography management system of Confirmed 1020. Prior to the appointment the patient may also call and cancel the appointment. The scheduler or other user of the system enters the cancellation into the mammography management system, and the appointment is given a status in the system of Cancelled 1030.
If the patient keeps the appointment, the patient typically arrives at the facility and checks in with a front desk employee who enters the arrival into the mammography management system. At this point the appointment is given a status in the system of Arrived 1040, and a related exam is created in the mammography management system as described in more detail below. The mammography management system user may also update the patient record with additional demographic or insurance information. If the patient does not show up at the scheduled time, the system user may mark the appointment as a “No Show” with a like status 1050.
When the appointment is in Arrived status, the mammography management system employ the patient and appointment information to pre-create an exam 1060, as described in more detail below. A Create Exam screen is displayed to the user for verification and/or modification of the data fields. During this process an association between the Exam and the Appointment is created in the mammography management system database.
When the exam related to the appointment is started 1065 by a technologist and is so indicated in the system, the appointment is automatically given a status in the system of In Progress 1070. When the study related to the appointment is completed 1080 by the Technologist and is so indicated in the system, the appointment is automatically given a status of Completed 1090.

System Exam Functionality

The mammography management system provides support and management functionality for mammography screening exams, diagnostic exams, and procedure exams. FIG. 11 depicts a procedural flow chart 1100 of screening, diagnostic and procedure exams and ACR results in an overall flow through one embodiment of the mammography management system. First, a screening exam 1110 may be scheduled and managed in the mammography management system. When the screening exam uncovers an abnormality (e.g., ACR 0), the exam is recorded as a callback result. The patient is then scheduled to obtain a diagnostic exam 1120. The diagnostic exam may also be scheduled and managed in the mammography management system. Depending on the results of the diagnostic exam (e.g., ACR 4, 5, 6), the patient may subsequently require a procedural exam 1130, such as a biopsy. The procedural exam 1130 may also be managed in the mammography management system. Managing all such exams in the mammography management system allows the system to link each of the patients and exams together and feed back the final outcome data to the relevant individuals as described in more detail below.
With reference to FIG. 12, a procedural flow chart 1200 is shown for the exam creation process for each of the three exam types described above. After a patient physically arrives 1210 at the exam location, a front-desk user of the mammography management system creates the basic exam 1215 information by completing a “create exam” screen of the mammography management system, which includes verifying patient demographic and insurance data and obtaining disclosure sign off from the patient. An example of the “create exam screen” 1300 is shown in FIG. 13 and is described in more detail below. After completion of the “create exam screen”, the patient's visit is recognized by the mammography system is in the “arrived” state 1220. The “arrived” designation indicates in the mammography management system that the patient is physically present for the exam to be created, but no studies have yet been requested. In one embodiment of the present invention, the patient is in a waiting room when her exam is in the “arrived” state.
Seen in FIG. 13 is an example of the “create exam” screen 1300 displayed by the mammography management system to a front-desk or other user. The screen 1300 requests the collection of information including, which is then entered into the corresponding fields: patient name 1305, date of birth 1310, 1315, patient ID 1320, facility where exam is being performed 1325, exam type 1330 (screening, diagnostic or procedure), visit/billing ID 1335, scheduled time (time for which the exam is scheduled; may be auto-populated is using the mammography management system scheduler), self referred 1340, referring physician 1345 (may be auto-populated to the patient's primary physician), additional physicians 1350, and suppress automatic sending of letters/reports 1355 checkboxes. The demographics 1360 and insurance 1365 sections of the “create exam” screen 1300 are pre-populated from the selected patient's record. The demographics and insurance data is displayed in order to offer easy confirmation and modification of patient information as needed. The disclosure section 1370 of the “create exam” screen 1300 allows for the mammography management system to track the sign-off of a facility's legal disclosure document. The system allows for (1) the legal disclosure document to be presented on paper to the patient and then gathers the signature on paper, which is indicated by checking the “Signature on File” checkbox 1375, (2) the legal disclosure document is presented on paper to the patient and then obtains the patient's signature electronically from the signature control 1380 on the page, and (3) the legal disclosure is presented electronically to the patient by pressing the “Display Disclosure Signoff Form” button 1385, in which case the electronic disclosure is then displayed to the patient in a pop-up window with a signature control.
After the exam information is collected the front-desk or other user may either create the exam and cause the patient's status to change to “Arrived” 1220 by pressing the “Create Exam” button or create the exam and then go to the “start exam” page directly by pressing the “Create & Start Exam” button. When either button is pushed the following actions occur: an exam record is transmitted to and created in a mammography management system database, the patient's exam status is set to “Arrived” 1220, an exam audit log entry is made to indicate the creation of the exam, the exam is displayed in the facility dashboard arrived patients section, the exam is displayed on the arrived patients screen for the facility. When the “Create & Start Exam” button is pressed, the “start exam” screen will also be displayed. The “Arrived” status 1220 is used to represent the exam state after the completion of the “create exam” screen. Each of the exam workflows in the mammography management system (e.g., screening, diagnostic, and procedure), which are described in more detail below, initially start in the “Arrived” status.
Again with reference to FIG. 12, at step 1225 a user of the mammography management system next typically completes the next screen, the “start exam” screen. The “start exam” screen is typically populated by a user such as a technologist who interviews the patient to determine symptoms, patient medical history and required studies. This type of information is traditionally not obtained in the waiting room, but rather a private exam room. Accordingly, the technologist will also have access to a computer connected to the mammography management system with his or her login information. The technologist also requests the initial set of studies to be performed. When the technologist completes the start exam screen, the exam will continue the established workflow paths in the mammography management system.
FIG. 14 shows a screen shot 1400 of an example “start exam” screen in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, the user interface includes three general areas of the screen: “start exam header” 1410, “exam type” 1420, and “patient history” 1430. The “start exam header” section 1410 includes fields for patient name—a field that is dynamically linked to the “view patient” screen—patient date of birth, patient MRN, and patient ID number. The “start exam header” section also includes a field labeled “assign to radiologist” 1440. The “assign to radiologist” listbox 1440 includes a selectable list of radiologist system users who have an association in the system with the facility where the exam is being created and have Exam Results security permission. Selecting a user from the “assign to radiologist” listbox 1440 assigns the current exam to the radiologist-user for the entry of exam results. The “start exam header” section 1410 further includes a “patient symptom diagram” button 1450, the selection of which activates a pop-up window 1500 that allows for symptom recordation as seen in FIG. 15.
The “exam type” section 1420 of the “start exam” screen 1400 functions substantially similarly as for a diagnostic exam and a procedure exam as described below. The “patient history” section 1430 of the “start exam” screen 1400 functions substantially similarly as for the “create exam” process as described below. The fields in the “patient history” section 1430 are pre-populated with the most recent exam for the patient.
Once the patient data has been entered, the technologist-user may start the exam by pressing the “start exam” button 1460 on the “start exam” screen 1400. Upon selection of the “start exam” button 1460, following actions occur: (1) the entered exam information, including patient history, is transmitted to and updated in a mammography management system database, (2) the exam status is set to “pending imaging” 1230 (seen in FIG. 12), but if studies have been requested by the user or automatically by the system, (3) an exam audit log entry is made to indicate the start of the exam, the studies entered by the user are created in “requested” status, and the exam is removed from the “arrived patients” screen, and the new requested studies are displayed in the “study worklist,” and (4) the user interface returns the system user to the Arrived Patients screen. If no studies are requested the exam will remain in the Arrived status 1220. If the user presses the Start Exam button with no studies requested the user receives a confirmation prompt indicating that no studies have been requested for the exam. After the “start exam” screen is successfully completed, the exam is set to “pending imaging” status a 1230 and continues on the procedural workflow path 1200.
After all relevant patient information is available for the radiologist, but the radiologist has not yet reviewed the information or made a recommendation, the exam status is set to “pending interpretation” 1250. Upon reaching a final conclusion for a study or exam, the radiologist sets the status to “complete.”
With reference to FIG. 16, which shows one embodiment of the “search exam” screen 1600, and FIG. 17, which shows one embodiment of the “search exam” screen with advance search 1700, the exam search screens allow system users to search for an exam based on entered criteria and displays the matching entries in a paginated result list. The user interface allows system users to search for exams based on the following fields including patient last name and first name, patient date of birth, MRN, patient ID, date of Exam (within a range), radiologist, and facility where the exam is/was performed. The advance search criteria further allow for a system user to search based on the following fields: exam status, exam type, image type, modality device ID, device ID, cancer type, risk factors, referring or additional physician name, priority exams, and exams termed as “false negative.” Results of the search are may be sorted based on individual columns of the result listings and appropriate pagination will be provided. This functionality enables additional research capabilities by providing system users to identify patients and patient exam information based on desired criteria. Academic and research facilities may also benefit from this research-supporting functionality.

Worklists

Various worklists are utilized by the mammography management system as described in more detail below. The worklists assist the system users, such as radiologists, and other users involved with the exams, manage patients and exams.
With reference to FIG. 18, an exam worklist screen 1800 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. The exam worklist screen is used to display all exams assigned to a user, typically a radiologist, or exams that are unassigned but occurring at the user's current facility.
With reference to FIG. 19, a facility dashboard 1900 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. The facility dashboard 1900 is a display screen that provides a snapshot of a facility's overall status for the day. Included in the facility dashboard 1900 are a pending letters section 1910 (summary of the patient letters waiting to be printed), an unassigned studies section 1920 (summary of the studies in PACS that could not be automatically associated with an active patient exam in the mammography management system), an arrived patients section 1930 (list of all exams that do not yet have any active or complete studies), and an active exams section 1940 (list of the exams that are currently in progress, i.e., pending interpretation, pending imaging, or imaging complete). The dashboard screen 1900 automatically refreshes at a regular, predefined internal.
With reference to FIG. 20, a study worklist screen 2000 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. The study worklist screen 2000 presents a count of arrived patients with links to patients' exam screens. In the procedure exam workflow described below, the technologist can signal the assigned radiologist that a patient is ready for a procedure to begin by selecting the “ready” link 2010 in the study worklist screen 2000 that appears for studies related to procedure exams that are in the “patient prep” status. Responsive to selection of the “ready” link 2010, the status of the related exam is changed to “patient ready,” and the study worklist screen refreshes and the “ready” link is no longer be available for the study. The “ready” link 2010 is only relevant to procedure exams and not to diagnostic or screening exams.
With reference to FIG. 21, a compare/repeat exam list 2100 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. The compare/repeat exam list displays all active exams 2110 that the radiologist has previously classified as either “compare” or “technical repeat.”
With reference to FIG. 22, a draft exam list 2200 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. The draft exam list 2200 displays the exams saved as draft by the radiologist. The radiologist may enter the final results by clicking a “results” link 2210.
With reference to FIG. 23, a callback exam list 2300 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. The callback exam list 2300 displays all active exams that the radiologist previously classified as “callback.” When diagnostic and pathology reports arrive for these exams the administrator can use the callback exam list to readily locate the exam and open the final outcome screen by selecting the corresponding “final outcome” link 2310.

Screening Exams

The mammography management system follows a specific workflow for screen exams. FIG. 24 depicts a procedural flow chart 2400 of the screening exam workflow through one embodiment of the mammography management system. Table 1 below lists the various exam statuses and the corresponding condition required for the exam to be placed in the particular status as used throughout the screening exam workflow.

TABLE 1

Exam Status	Description	ACR Value

Pending	Occurs when the exam is initially created by an Administrator and
Imaging	it is not an Analog Image exam type.
Imaging	Occurs when the system detects that the study is available in the
Complete	PACS database. This is also the initial status for Analog Image
	exams.
Pending	Occurs when the exam is assigned to a Radiologist either by the
Interpretation	automated scheduler or by a user.
Negative	Occurs when a Radiologist signs the negative results for an exam.	1 or 2
Benign	Occurs when a Radiologist signs the benign results for an exam.	1 or 2
Callback	Occurs when a Radiologist signs Callback results for an exam.	0A
Compare	Occurs when a Radiologist signs Compare results for an exam.	0B
Waiting for	Occurs when an Administrator has printed the letter for a Compare	0B
Documents	results exam.
Documents	Occurs when requested comparison images are scanned into the	0B
Received	system. When a new Exam is created for a patient with a
	MODALITY = SCANNED, all the Exams for the patient in status
	Waiting for Documents are set to Documents Received
Send	All callback exams whose recommendations were not complied	0A
Certified	with by the patients within 90 days would show up as in the Send
Letter	Certified Letter status for the Administrator. The administrator
	would click on the lost to follow-up tab and see the list of exams
	for which certified letters need to be sent.
Lost to	Occurs when a Radiologist signs-off on a Callback exam that has	0
follow-up	been identified as 90 days with no reception of the final outcome
	reports.
Completed	Occurs after signoff once the letters have been printed to be	1/2/3/4/5/6
	mailed to the patients. The exam status becomes complete for
	ACR values 1 and 2.
Draft	Occurs when the Radiologist save exam results as Draft.
Cancelled	Occurs when an Administrator cancels an exam. This is only
	available prior to the initial signoff.
Technical	Occurs when the Radiologist select Technical Repeat for the exam
Repeat	results.
Waiting Tech	Once the Administrator has printed the Technical Repeat letters,
Repeat	the status is changed to Waiting Tech Repeat and appears in the
	Compare Queue
Tech Repeat	Occurs when a new study arrives for a patient that also has an
Completed	exam in Technical Repeat status. Once a new Exam is created for
	a patient with a EXAMTYPE = TECHNICAL REPEAT, all the
	Exams for the patient in status Waiting Tech Repeat are changed
	to Tech Repeat Completed
Pending	Occurs when the Administrator presses the Save as Preliminary
Pathology	button on the Final Outcome screen.
Documents	When a Compare exam waits in Compare status for 30 days, the
Unobtainable	system will detect that is should be change to a Callback exam.
	However, the system does not automatically do this, rather the
	system changes the Exam status to Documents Unobtainable and
	then displays the exam to the Radiologist's Pending Exam list

After interpretation by a radiologist, when an exam has negative results (i.e., ACR 1 or 2) (2405 or 2410) a negative exam workflow is followed after sign-off by the radiologist, including generating and sending an exam results letter 2420 and report 2415 to the patient and referring physician respectively. The exam is then completed 2425.
When an exam has a compare result (i.e., ACR-0b) 2430, a compare exam workflow is followed an after initial sign-off by the radiologist. The ratings ACR-0a and ACR-0b in the present invention both correspond to ACR-0 for the Bi-Rads ratings, which indicate further imaging is needed. The 0a and 0b ratings are used in the present invention to convey more information than that conveyed by the ACR-0 Bi-Rads rating; namely ACR-0a and ACR-0b discern between a compare result and callback result respectively because the two results yield different workflows. The exam is marked as “compare, possible abnormality” or “compare, essentially normal” by the radiologist on the “exam results” page, and a report is sent 2435 and a letter is generated 2440 for the patient requesting that the previous films be sent to the facility where the original compare exam was performed. Next, the exam status is set to “compare” and the exam is listed in the “pending patient letters” list. When an administrator prints the letter, the exam status is changed to “waiting for documents,” and the exam is listed in the “compare exams” list of the radiologist who indicated the need for comparison, which is typically the individual who completed the results page. Then, the exam is removed from the radiologist's pending exams list.
Upon arrival of the requested images at the facility, an administrator scans the images and enters into the mammography management system the patient ID via an acquisition station. The scanned images are electronically transmitted to the PACS database via the mammography management system server as a separate study with a unique DICOM study ID. The mammography management system utilizes the patient ID and to search for any existing exams related to the patient with the status of “waiting for documents.” If such an exam is found the mammography management system takes the following steps: (1) create a new historic exam using the information from the DICOM header and relate the exam to the patient ID, (2) set the status of the existing “waiting for documents” exam to “documents received,” (3) display on the “pending exams list” any exams with either the “pending interpretation” and “documents received” status, (4) remove the exam from the “compare exams” list, (5) receive final results of comparison (e.g., ACR 1 or 2) from radiologist, and (6) generate and mail/fax the exam compare results letter 2490 and report 2485. The exam is then completed 2425.
When the radiologist clicks the “results” link related to an exam with a “documents received” status from the “pending exams” list, the “exam results” page is displayed to the radiologist. The exam history is then displayed to the radiologist to see the newly created historic exam that contains the requested comparison images. If desired, the radiologist may select “callback, comparison completed” as the result for a compare exam. Upon this selection, the compare exam becomes a callback exam 2445 and continues forward with the callback exam workflow described in more detail below.
When an exam has callback results (i.e., ACR-0a) 2445 a callback exam workflow is followed after sign-off. First, the exam status is changed to “callback,” and a callback letter 2455 and report 2450 are generated and faxed to the patient and the referring physician respectively. Then, the exam is listed in the callback exam list. The callback results letter is printed and mailed, and reminder letters are sent at 30 and 60 day intervals if final outcome is not entered. If the patient undergoes the diagnostic exam, as described in more detail below, the diagnostic 2460 and pathology 2465 reports are received and scanned, and the administrator or lead interpreting physician enters the final outcome, at which point the exam is completed 2425. If the final outcome is not entered into the mammography management system within 90 days, the exam moves to the “lost to follow up” process 2480.
More specifically, when a callback exam is 90 day past due, the “lost to follow up” exam workflow 2470 ensues, which is initiated when the mammography management system detects that an exam in callback status is 90 days past creation date. The exam is displayed on the administrator's “lost to follow up” list and is removed from the callback exam list. The system generates the lost to follow up patient letter 2470, and the administrator prints and mails the lost to follow up letter. The exam is moved to the pending exams list for the radiologist that provided the original results, and the radiologist may electrically sign the report, thereby resulting in the mammography management system generating 2475 the lost to follow up report for all relevant physicians. The exam status is then changed from callback to lost to follow up 2480.
When an exam is technically inadequate, an exam repeat is required, called a technical repeat. The technical repeat exam workflow begins when an exam status is saved as “technical repeat.” The technical repeat letter and report are generated and faxed, and the exam results letter is printed. Next, the status of the exam is changed to “waiting tech repeat,” and the exam now appears in the “compare exam” list. The patient then returns for a repeat of the exam, and the new study images are transfer to PACS. The PACS trigger creates a new exam as a placeholder for the images with a status of “complete.” The PACS trigger also updates the status of the original exam from “waiting tech repeat to “tech repeat completed.” The original exam is moved from the radiologist's “compare/repeat exam” list to the radiologist's “pending exam” list. Next, the radiologist enters the final results, and the exam results letter and report are generated and faxed. The exam results letter is printed, and the exam is completed.
As described, upon viewing and analyzing a screening exam the radiologist enters the results of a mammography screening into an “exam results” screen of the mammography management system. An example of the “exam results” screen 2500 is seen in FIG. 25. When the “exam results” screen 2500 is loaded, the current study images as well as the last two historical exam study images for the patient are downloaded from PACS to appropriate viewing software if the images are not already cached.
From the “exam results” screen 2500, the radiologist has access to information relating to the patient, relevant patient history, previous exams associated with the patient that are stored in the mammography management system, and other information that may be useful to the radiologist during review of the current exam results. Access in the system to additional patient exams allows the radiologist to view the previous exam results for purposes of comparison with the current results.
When the radiologist is prepared to enter screening exam results in to the mammography management system, he or she may again interact with the “exam results” screen 2500. Under the “breast parenchyma” heading 2510, the radiologist can choose from the following options to reflect the exam results: fatty, average, dense, and dense and nodular. The default value for this option is average. Under the “benign findings” heading 2520, the radiologist may select whether any of the options—calcium, stable mass or implants—are present on the left breast, the right breast, or both. If the radiologist selects the implants option, he or she may further select one or more of the options: sub pectoral, pre pectoral, saline and silicone.
Under the “results” heading 2530, the radiologist may select from the following options: “negative, no previous exam,” “negative, no change from previous exam,” “compare, possible abnormality,” “compare, essentially normal,” “callback, no previous exam,” “technical repeat,” and “callback, change from previous exam.” Table 2 below lists the various screening result options and indicates when they are available for selection to the radiologist user.

TABLE 2

Result	Description	Available

Negative, no	No previous exams, no need	Initial Result or Tech
previous exam	to compare (ACR 1 or 2)	Repeat Complete
Negative,	Previous exam (already in	Initial Result or Tech
no change from	system) reviewed, no	Repeat Complete
previous exam	change (ACR 1 or 2)
Negative,	After requested documents	Comparison Result
comparison	received and Radiologist
completed	reviewed (ACR 1 or 2)
Compare,	System does not contain	Initial Result or Tech
Possible	previous exam, Radiologist	Repeat Complete
Abnormality	requests (ACR Ob)
Compare,	System does not contain	Initial Result or Tech
Essentially	previous exam, Radiologist	Repeat Complete
Normal	requests (ACR Ob)
Callback,	No previous exams, require	Initial Result or Tech
no previous	callback (ACR 0a)	Repeat Complete
exam
Callback,	Previous exam (already in	Initial Result or Tech
change from	system) reviewed, and	Repeat Complete
previous exam	change detected (ACR 0a)
Callback,	Initially was a Compare to	Comparison Result
comparison	previous exam, documents
completed	received, more studies
	needed (ACR 0a)
Callback,	Could not get previous	Comparison Result
previous	exams, further studies	(only when timeout
unobtainable	needed (ACR 0a)	waiting for documents)
Technical	Exam technically inadequate,	Initial Result or Tech
Repeat	repeat views required	Repeat Complete

If the radiologist selects the result “negative, no previous exam” or “negative, no change from previous exam” under the “results” heading 2530 and one of the options under the “breast parenchyma” heading 2510 is selected, the ACR rating is automatically set to 1. If the radiologist selects the result “negative, no previous exam” or “negative, no change from previous exam” under the “results” heading 2530 and either “calcium” or “stable mass” are selected under the “benign findings” heading 2520, the ACR rating is automatically set to 2. If the radiologist selects the result “callback, no previous exam” under the “results” heading 2530, the ACR rating is automatically set to 0a. If the radiologist selects the result “compare, possible abnormality” or “compare, essentially normal” under the “results” heading 2530, the ACR rating is automatically set to 0b.
If the images obtained are blurry, the radiologist selects the result, “technical repeat.” The user can subsequently select one or more of the options RMLO, LMLO, RCC, and LCC, to indicate which of the images are not technically sufficient for reading. Upon signing the report with a “technical repeat” result, the exam status is updated as “technical repeat” and a letter is generated and sent to the patient.
The radiologist can also indicate in the mammography management system when the exam is a priority exam by checking the “priority exam” check box under the “results” heading 2530. Additionally, even for patients younger than 40 years, if the patient has a family history of cancer the radiologist can specify that the patient needs to undergo annual mammograms by checking the check box “negative 1 year follow up due to family history” check box under the “results” heading 2530.
If any of the “callback” or “compare” results are selected by the radiologist-user, the radiologist is provided a user interface into which to enter and identify an area and type of abnormality. In one embodiment seen in FIG. 26, an “add lesion” pop-up window 2600 is automatically displayed to the radiologist responsive to selection of a “callback” or “compare” result. The pop-up window can also be displayed manually responsive to the radiologist pressing the “add” button 2610 on the “add lesion” pop-up window 2600. As shown in FIG. 26, the radiologist may select a plurality of radio buttons specifying the left breast or the right breast, as well as the area of the breast (e.g., upper-outer, upper-inner, lower-outer, lower-inner, subareolar and axilla) where the abnormality is observed. Radio buttons are provided in each quadrant of the breast diagram to mark the type of abnormality (i.e. calcification, mass, asymmetric density, or architectural distortion). The radiologist can also indicate the size of the abnormality and one or more recommendations by selecting the appropriate corresponding radio button or check box. Pressing the “add” button 2610 saves the entered lesion and clears the “add lesion” pop-up window for a new lesion entry. Pressing the “finish” button 2620 with no fields populated saves any previously entered lesions and closes the pop-up window 2600.
Lesions that are thereby entered by the radiologist are populated into the “lesion table” 2550 in the “callback” section 2540 of the “exam results” screen 2500 with a row listing the breast, area, lesion, size of abnormality, and recommendations provided by the radiologist. The lesions are listed on the “lesion table” 2550 in the order they were entered.
Again with reference to FIG. 25, when the radiologist has completed entering the lesion information, he or she may select the “preview letter” button 2560, thereby causing a pop-up screen containing a preview of the letter that will be sent to the patient. An example of such a letter 2700 is shown in FIG. 27, which includes an electronic signature box 2710 for the radiologist to sign. When the radiologist has completed entering the lesion information, he or she may also select the “preview report” button 2570, thereby causing a pop-up screen containing a preview of the report that will be sent to the referring physician. An example of such a report 2800 is shown in FIG. 28, which also includes an electronic signature box 2810 for the radiologist to sign.
As seen in FIG. 27, patient letters may include a recommended time for the next exam. A set of rules may be used to determine the recommended time for the next exam. For example, in one embodiment, the set of rules is as follows. If “negative 1 year follow up due to family history” is checked then the letter includes the following recommendation: “I therefore recommend that you have another mammogram in one year based on your family history of breast cancer.” Otherwise, if the patient's age is less than 40, then the letter includes the following recommendation: “I therefore recommend that you have another mammogram at age 40.” Otherwise, if the patient's age is 40 or greater, then the letter includes the following recommendation: “I therefore recommend that you have another mammogram in one year.”
Both the letter and report are editable by the radiologist, such that the radiologist can make and save changes if desired. Upon completion of reviewing the report and letter, the radiologist selects the “sign report” button 2580 on the “exam results” screen 2500, which adds the radiologist's signature to the report and letter and moves the workflow to the next step, which typically includes printing of the letter.
Upon completion of the above exam result entry steps, selection of the “view” button 2590 displays to the user the entered details of an exam 2900 in read-only format as seen in FIG. 29. All of the information seen in the “view exam” screen 2900 is displayed to the user. Additionally, the letter and report generated by the radiologist are viewable by selecting the corresponding icons 2910 and 2920 respectively. Furthermore, the lead interpreting physician, radiologists, and referring physicians with appropriate permissions to the mammography management system may select the “download study images” button 2930 shown in the upper toolbar, responsive to which the study images associated with the exam are downloaded to the viewing software. The “false negative” checkbox 2940 is available to the lead interpreting physician and is used to indicate if an exam was falsely screened as a negative.

Diagnostic Exams

When a screening exam uncovers an abnormality, the exam is recorded and stored in the mammography management system as a “callback” result. The patient is then requested to obtain a subsequent diagnostic exam. FIG. 30 depicts a procedural flow chart 3000 of the diagnostic exam workflow through one embodiment of the mammography management system. As result of a diagnostic exam, an additional procedural exam such as a biopsy may subsequently be required. Procedural exams are also supported by the mammography management system, as described in more detail below. By managing all such exams jointly in the mammography management system, the exams are logically linked together in the system and the final outcome data from the exams is stored and maintained in a single logical location by the mammography management system. The statuses that can be assigned to a diagnostic exam throughout the diagnostic exam workflow are the same statuses described above with respect to the screening exam workflow.
When the patient arrives at the exam facility 1210, the patient typically registers at the front desk and fills out the necessary paperwork, such as insurance forms. Next, the technologist or administrator interviews patient and creates a diagnostic exam in the mammography management system at step 1215. Creating the exam within the system requires entry of the reason for the diagnostic exam (e.g., lump in breast or pain in breast), entry or update of the patient history, and selection of the initial type of imaging study.
If no studies were requested at the time the diagnostic exam was created, the exam is assigned a “pending imaging” status 1230 because at least one study is required prior to review by a radiologist. The exam then is displayed in a special list of exams with no requested/completed studies that is located on the “technologist dashboard” screen described below. The technologist is thereby informed that the patient is waiting and that the technologist will need to use the “modify exam” screen to request the initial study.
If studies are requested at the time the diagnostic exam is created, the exam is assigned a “pending imaging” status 1230. Each requested study is displayed in a “study worklist” for the facility. When all outstanding requested studies are completed 1240, the exam assigned to a radiologist, is set to “pending interpretation” status 1250, and moved to the assigned radiologist's queue. If no radiologist is assigned, the exam is displayed in the “pending interpretation” queue for any radiologist that is monitoring the facility. The mammography management system provides the radiologists to ability to assign such exams to themselves.
When the technologist is preparing to perform the requested study (e.g., diagnostic mammogram, sonogram, or MRI), the study is pushed from modality to PACS, wherein the DICOM images are transferred from the acquisition device (e.g., x-ray machine in the case of a mammogram, ultrasound machine in the case of a sonogram, and a magnetic machine in the case of an MRI) to PACS, and the mammography management system receives the notification and creates a study reference to the exam/patient. Upon completion of the study, the technologist enters the study completion data, and the exam is then moved to radiologist's worklist.
Next, the radiologist reviews study and examines patient. Correspondingly, the radiologist opens the “exam results” page in the mammography management system to review patient information and the initial study. Typically, the study is received from the modality on the soft copy review station (SCW), but in some scenarios the initial study may be received from the PACS. Prior to final signoff the radiologist can request an additional study. When this occurs the exam is assigned the “pending imaging” status. Each requested study is placed in the “study worklist” for the facility and is removed from the radiologist's worklist while waiting for the imaging to complete.
If additional studies are requested, the technologist reviews “study worklist” and performs the additional requested study. Accordingly, the study is pushed from modality to PACS, and the mammography management system receives the notification and creates a study reference to the exam/patient. Upon completion of the additional study, the technologist enters the study completion data, and the exam is set to “pending interpretation” status and moved to the radiologist's worklist.
Next, the radiologist reviews the study images and determines the results. To review the study images, the radiologist opens the “exam results” screen in the mammography management system and views a listing or all the studies received from PACS. The radiologist views the study images and enters the lesions into the mammography management system as previously described with respect to the screening exam.
Finally, the radiologist signs off on the exam results as previously described with respect to the screening exam. To sign off, the radiologist presses the “sign report” button 3110 seen in FIG. 31, in response to which the mammography management system generates the patient letter and physician reports. The letter is generated to reflect the ACR value assigned based on the radiologist's review of the images as described below. If a related screening exam existed for the patient in the mammography management system, the ACR values on the final outcome are automatically populated.
When the radiologist signs the results for a diagnostic exam in the mammography management system, the system automatically calculates the initial ACR. If the ACR is 1 or 2 (block 3005) or 3 (block 3010) the exam is considered negative. After the letter is printed the exam is set as completed.
When the radiologist requests previous studies for comparison (ACR 0) (block 3015) the exam is considered a “compare” exam. After the letter is generated for the patient instructing her to provide the previous images, the exam status is set to “waiting for documents” (block 3020). If the images are obtain within 30 days they are scanned and added to the exam as a study, and the exam is set to “documents received” status (block 3025) and added back into the radiologist's “pending interpretation” worklist for final results. If the images are not received within 30 days the exam is set to “images unobtainable” status (block 3030) and still added back in the radiologist's “pending interpretation” worklist for final results. When the letters are generated in the mammography management system for the final results of a compare exam, the letter indicates whether the requested images were or were not received and reviewed.
When the radiologist enters lesions for a diagnostic exam the ACR is calculated by taking the highest ACR value on all the lesions. If this value is a 4, 5 or 6 (block 3035) a further procedure is required. The letter sent to the patient informs her of the need to obtain the procedure. If the patient is in-clinic and the procedure is performed the same day a letter will still be sent for compliance. The exam is then set to “pending pathology” status (block 3040). When the pathology outcome is entered into the mammography management system, either by system update from the related procedure exam or manually, the exam is considered complete.
With reference to FIG. 31, the diagnostic exam results screen 3100 is utilized by the radiologist to review patient history and previous exams, to view study images associated with the patient and request new studies, to record the final outcome ACR for related screening exams, and to enter the study results and impressions for the diagnostic exam.
The “exam information” section 3120 of the diagnostic exam results displays relevant patient and exam information including details of the diagnostic exam, patient history, and exam history. Clicking the link 3130 under “exam type” opens a pop-up window that display all the reason for the diagnostic exam, selections that where made on the “exam creation” screen, and the patient symptom diagram. This display 3200 is shown in FIG. 32.
The “exam studies” section 3140 of the diagnostic exam results screen 3100 lists all image studies received from various modalities. The requested but unfulfilled studies are also displayed in this section. The radiologist may request new studies and cancel studies in requested status in the “exam studies” section 3140. If a study is available in the mammography management system in digital format it is viewable by selecting the view icon that, when clicked, opens a “view study” screen in a pop-up window.
If an open callback screening exam (i.e., screening exam in “callback” status) exists for the patient in the mammography management system then the “existing callback screening mammogram” section 3150 is displayed, as seen in FIG. 31.
The “link diagnostic results to this screening exam” checkbox 3155 causes the screening lesions table to be displayed. Linking the diagnostic results in requires the radiologist to enter the ACR value for the screening exam final outcome. The ACR values entered in this section are stored just as if a user were to add the final outcome for the screening exam using the existing interfaces in the mammography management system. If the exams are linked when the radiologist presses the “sign report” button 3110 on the diagnostic exam results screen 3100, the ACR values are populated to the linked screening exam's final outcome. If the diagnostic exam's ACR value is 1, 2 of 3, the related screening exam's final outcome is set as complete and no further pathology results are required. After the screening exam's final outcome ACR values are updated, the related screening exam status is then set to “complete.”
The “clinical history” section 3160 of the diagnostic exam results screen seen in FIG. 31 includes a text area where the radiologist can type or dictate freeform text any additional relevant clinical history information.
The “mammographic findings” section 3165 of the diagnostic exam results screen is only displayed if a fulfilled study of type “diagnostic mammogram” is associated with the exam. The “mammographic findings” section 3165 allows the radiologist to enter breast parenchyma, benign findings, and other results for the diagnostic mammogram study. These findings are previously described with respect to the screening exam above.
The “clinical breast exam” section 3170 of the exam results screen includes a textbox editable by radiologist to include findings from a physical examination. The “sonogram findings” section 3175 is only displayed if a fulfilled study of type sonogram is associated with the exam and includes a textbox editable by the radiologist to include findings from the sonogram study and a “negative” checkbox to indicate negative results. The “MRI findings” section 3180 is only displayed if a fulfilled study of type MRI is associated with the exam and includes a textbox editable by the radiologist to include findings from the MRI study and a “negative” checkbox to indicate negative results.
The “impression” section 3185 allows the radiologist to enter the overall exam results, the diagnostic lesions, and freeform dictation. The radiologist must select one of the following overall results: Negative, ACR 1; Benign, ACR 2; Probably Benign, ACR 3; Lesion Chart. The entries in the “impression” section 3185 are used by the mammography management system to determine the body of the letter and report for the diagnostic exam. Finally, the “diagnostic lesions” section 3190 of the exam results screen includes a table into which the radiologist enters lesions identified during the diagnostic exam.
The “view diagnostic exam” screen is displayed when a user selects to view a diagnostic type exam. FIG. 33 shows a “view diagnostic exam” screen 3300 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Portions of the information displayed on the screen are substantially similar to the “view screening exam” screen. The “exam studies” section 3310 includes a “view studies” button 3320, the selection of which causes the display of a selected study. Additionally, the “view diagnostic exam” screen 3300 includes further written description of the results 3330, and the impression 3340 as seen in FIG. 33.

Procedure Exams

A result of a diagnostic exam, an additional procedural exam may be required. FIG. 34 depicts a procedural flow chart 3400 of the procedural exam workflow followed at the facility where the exam is performed through one embodiment of the mammography management system. Table 3 below lists the various exam statuses and the corresponding condition required for the exam to be placed in the particular status as used throughout the procedure exam workflow.

TABLE 3

Exam Status	Description

Arrived	Occurs when the patient arrives at the facility and is checked in by the
	admissions staff. This is the first half of the new two-step exam process.
Patient Prep	For Procedure exams the Patient Prep status occurs after the Start Exam screen is
	completed by a Technologist. In order for this to occur at least on study must be
	requested by the Technologist. The Patient Prep status indicates that the patient
	is being prepared for the study. The Patient Prep status also occurs when a new
	study is requested by the Radiologist from the Procedure Exam Results screen.
Patient	For Procedure exams the optional Patient Ready status occurs when a
Ready	Technologist indicates that the Patient has been prepared for the Radiologist to
	perform the study. However, the study may be started and completed by the
	Technologist without indicating that the patient is ready (if the Radiologist is not
	required to perform the study).
Pending	After studies have been completed the status is set to Pending Interpretation.
Interpretation
Pending	Occurs when the Radiologist checks the Pending Pathology checkbox on the
Pathology	Procedure Exam Results screen.
Pending	Occurs when the Radiologist selects the Surgical Consultation as a
Surgical	Recommendation on the Procedure Exam Results screen. This indicates that the
Pathology	patient requires surgery and the exam will be held in the Pending Surgical
	Pathology until the surgical pathology results are entered on the Procedure Final
	Outcome screen. While in Pending Surgical Pathology status the exam will be
	listed on the Final Outcome List for the facility.
Cancelled	Occurs when an Administrator cancels an exam. This is only available prior to
	the initial signoff.
Completed	Occurs after signoff if a Surgical Consultation is not recommended.
Draft	Occurs when the Radiologist pressed the Save As Draft button on the Diagnostic
	Results screen.

Initially, the patient arrives at the facility (step 1210) and registers with admissions (step 1215). Demographic and insurance information is collected from the patient and entered into the “start exam” screen, and the patient is presented with the disclosure for signature, both as previously described. The exam is initially created in the mammography management system with an “arrived” status 1220. The technologist interviews patient and completes the “start exam” screen (step 1225) in the mammography management system as previously described by entering the reason for procedure exam (e.g., lump in breast, pain in breast, etc), updating patient history as necessary, and selecting the initial type of study.
Upon completion of the “start exam” screen, the exam status is set to “patient prep” status 3410 and the corresponding study request is added to the study worklist for the facility. The technologist then prepares the patient in the room for the requested procedure, and a radiologist is assigned to the exam if one is not already assigned. The technologist then sets the exam status in the mammography management system to “patient ready” status 3420. The exam is not added to the radiologist's exam worklist until the status is set to “patient ready.”
The exam is now listed on the assigned radiologist's exam worklist as ready for the procedure. The radiologist and technologist then perform and complete the requested study/procedure. Upon completion of the study/procedure, the study completion data is entered into the mammography management system, typically by the technologist. The, the study is marked as “completed” 3430 in the mammography management system. The exam is then moved in the system moved to the radiologist's exam worklist with a status of “pending interpretation” 1250.
The radiologist reviews exams based on the procedure performed by opening the corresponding procedure exam results page in the mammography management system from the exam worklist. If necessary, the radiologist may request an additional study for more procedures or to take images by adding the request to the study worklist in the mammography management system for the facility. If the radiologist adds an additional request, the study is removed from the radiologist's worklist while waiting for the imaging to complete, and the exam status is set back to “patient prep” 3410.
The technologist reviews study worklist and performs and completes the additionally requested study. The study is pushed from modality to PACS in the mammography management system, and the system receives the notification and creates a study reference to the exam/patient. Technologist then enters the study completion data into the mammography management system. The exam is then moved in the system to the radiologist's worklist with the status of “pending interpretation.”
The radiologist reviews the study images, and enters findings, results and recommendations by opening the procedure exam results and viewing a listing or all the studies received by from PACS. The radiologist views the study images with a software viewer, and records the findings and the lesions results in the mammography management system. When a procedure is performed, the resultant specimen may need further pathology work to be performed to determine the outcome. In such a scenario, the radiologist may still dictate the exam results, but keep the exam in “pending pathology” status 3440 while waiting for the final pathology outcome.
The “procedure exam results” screen is utilized by the radiologist to review patient history including previous exams recorded in the mammography management system, to view study images associated with the exam and request new studies, to enter the study findings and impressions for the exam, and to record lesion procedure results and a exam recommendation. An example of a “procedure exam results” screen 3500 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 35. The interface of the “procedure exam results” screen 3500 functions substantially similarly as the “diagnostic exam results” screen described above. One difference is seen in the “exam studies” section 3510, where different types of studies may be requested as seen in FIG. 35. Additionally, all lesions from the linked diagnostic exam with an ACR value of 4, 5, or 6 are automatically populated into the “procedure lesions” table 3520.
Moreover, the procedure exam final outcome screen is used for entry of the surgical pathology final outcome of a procedure exam that is in the “pending pathology” status 3440. Each lesion that is indicated as a carcinoma on the “procedure lesions” table 3520 is displayed in the final outcome section. A surgical pathology is required to be entered for these lesions, and the surgical pathology contains the details of the cancer as documented during the actual surgery, versus a biopsy.
Upon completion of the radiologist's review of the study images, the radiologist signs off 3450 on the exam results by selecting the “sign report” button 3530 on the “procedure exam results” screen 3500, responsive to which the mammography management system generates the physician reports 3460. The exam is then set to the “completed” status 3470. Procedure exams do not have an overall ACR value for the outcome in the mammography management system. Rather, they are classified into one of the following categories: negative, positive, or surgical consultation. If the radiologist is still waiting for the pathology work, he or she may select the “pending pathology” button 3540 on the “procedure exam results” screen 3500, which indicates that the final pathology has not yet been received.
When the radiologist does enter the final pathology results for a procedure, the radiologist also enters into the mammography management system an overall recommendation. If the recommendation is for a surgical consultation 3480, a report 3485 is generated for the associated physicians and the exam is set to “pending surgical pathology” status 3490. The exam remains in that status until the “procedure final outcome” screen 3500 is completed. Procedure exams in the “pending surgical pathology” status 3490 are listed on the “exam final outcome list,” also called the “callback list” for the facility at which the exam was created.
As with the other exams, a completed procedure exam can be viewed on the “view procedure exam” screen. An example of the screen 3600 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is seen in FIG. 36. The “final outcome” section 3610 of the screen displays the surgical pathology final outcome for the exam. Only an exam with the “surgical consultation” recommendation will have a “surgical pathology” final outcome. Accordingly, the “final outcome” section 3610 is only displayed if a final outcome exists for an exam in “completed” status 3470.

Inter-Exam Workflow

Again with reference to FIG. 11, the screening, diagnostic and procedure exams are interrelated. For example and as described above, a screening exam 1110 that yields an ACR 0 (callback) result requires that the patient return for a diagnostic exam 1120. A diagnostic exam 1120 that yields a final ACR of 4, 5, or 6 requires that a patient have a procedure 1130 performed. If the mammography management system is utilized to support all of these exams, the exams are logically linked by the system. A linked group of screening, diagnostic, and procedure exams are considered a series, and a lesion number within a linked exam series remains consistent throughout the different exams.
In addition to storing pertinent information of the exams, the mammography management system also provides for data exchanges of the lesions, results and final outcome for a logically linked series of exams, as seen in FIG. 37. For example, a diagnostic exam that is linked (3710) to a screening exam (ACR 0, callback) automatically inherits (3715) through the mammography management system all lesion results from the screening exam. The lesion ACR value and diagnostic recommendation from the diagnostic exam are also automatically fed back (3720) to the screening exam final outcome to populate the same.
Similarly, a procedure exam that is linked (3730) to a diagnostic exam automatically inherits (3735) through the mammography management system any lesion results from the diagnostic exam that have values ACR 4, 5 or 6. The needle biopsy pathology from the procedure exam results and the surgical pathology from the procedure exam final outcome are automatically fed back (3710) to the diagnostic exam final outcome and to the screening exam final outcome 3750 if the link exists to populate the same.
Thus, the screening final outcome is automatically populated 3770 based on results from a subsequent diagnostic exam, and the diagnostic final outcome is automatically populated 3760 based on results from a procedure exam. This linking and automatic data exchange and population facilitates information transfer and related efficiencies of the mammography management system.
Moreover, when the ACR value and diagnostic recommendations are populated from a diagnostic exam result to a screening exam final outcome, the “source of diagnostic recommendation” is set to “mammography management system,” and the generated exam report for the diagnostic exam is attached to the diagnostic report field of the screening exam final outcome. Similarly, when a needle biopsy pathology is populated into a diagnostic or screening exam final outcome from the procedure exam result, the “source of needle biopsy pathology” is set to “mammography management system” and the generated exam report for the procedure exam is attached to the needle biopsy report field of the diagnostic/screening exam final outcome. Likewise, when a surgical pathology is populated from a procedure exam final outcome to a diagnostic or screening exam final outcome, the “source of surgical pathology” is set to the same value, and the generated exam report for the procedure exam is attached to the surgical pathology report field of the diagnostic/screening exam final outcome.
Whenever final outcome information is automatically populated to a linked exam, the mammography management system creates an entry in the exam's audit log for the exam that is on the receiving end of the final outcome data population.

Studies

When exams have multiple studies, the mammography management system breaks out the studies into separate tables. This is pertinent to both diagnostic exams, which often have multiple related studies, and screening exams, which only have multiple studies in the case of a “compare” or “tech repeat” result.
When the mammography management system links an incoming study from the PACS system to a diagnostic exam in the mammography management system, the mammography management system matches various fields such as patient name, patient date of birth, and patient MRN. If a match is made and the patient is associated with an active diagnostic exam created on the same day as the study was recorded then the study is linked with the patient and diagnostic exam within the mammography management system.

System Administration

The mammography management system provides for a flexible role-based security model, which complies with HIPAA requirements. The system provides for screen access, which protects each specific screen as desired, functional access, which protects links or other page functions, and data access, which protects stored data.
Every screen in the mammography management system is protected by a specific permission. Each action that can be performed on a data element will also be protected by a specific permission. A user must have the required permission to gain access to the mammography management system screens and certain functions within the screens.
Roles can be created, which include a combination of specific permissions, and then assigned to the desired users. These roles can be managed (created, modified, and deleted) via the mammography management system interface. In order to grant permissions to a user, one or more roles will be assigned to a single user.
Similarly, the mammography management system includes user management screens that allow system users to be added with appropriate role-association and managed by an administrator. The system also includes “add and modify facility” screens that allow a system administrator to add new facilities or modify the details of an existing facility. The system administrator may also user the mammography management system interface to maintain the details of all remote devices that are in use at facilities (including home offices), which connect to and use the mammography management system service. Further, the system administrator may maintain through the mammography management system interface a list of vendors and models associated with the vendors.

MQSA Audit

The Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) requires that mammography facilities meet uniform quality standards, which are intended to lead to early treatment, a range of treatment options, and increased chances of survival. Under the MQSA, all mammography facilities must be accredited by an FDA-approved accreditation body and undergo an annual MQSA audit. The mammography management system facilitates such audits as described herein.
A lead interpreting physician of a facility can generate MQSA audit reports based on various types of filter criteria and comparisons. With reference to FIG. 38, a MQSA audit screen 3800 is shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The lead interpreting physician or other user may generate reports: by radiologist (compare radiologists to one another), by facility (compare facility to one another), overall, by radiologist/overall (compare radiologist to overall), by radiologist/facility (compare radiologist to facility), by facility/overall (compare facility to overall). The MQSA audit reports include the following result fields: number of screenings, recall rate (percentage of ACR 0a/total number of screenings), biopsy recommended (number of ACR 0's that ended up as ACR-4 or ACR-5), PPV1 (true positives; number of ACR 0's that ended up with a final outcome of cancer, cancers found per 1000 exams read, tumors found (number of stage 0 or 1), tumors found (minimal cancer 1, number<=1 cm), node positivity (number that had nodes), false positives (number of ACR 0's that ended up ACR-1, ACR-2 or ACR-3), false negatives (number of exams marked as negative and a cancer was detected in less than 12 months), sensitivity percentage (PPV1/(PPV1+FNs)*100), specificity percentage ((TNs)/(FPs+TNs)*100, where number of true negatives is number of ACR-1's and ACR-2's that were not false negatives), number of lost to follow-up, total number of cancers found during designated period, percentage of cancers that were invasive ductal, percentage of cancers that were DCIS, percentage of cancers that were lobular, percentage of cancers that were of the other types, and percentage of 0's that ended up as high risk (LCIS/ADH/High risk).
As the result of an audit, the lead interpreting physician may mark exams as false negative in the mammography management system when a screening mammogram that was originally rated as an ACR BI-RADS 1 or ACR BI-RADS 2, within 12 months is determined to be cancerous. The facility that performed the diagnostic procedure will inform the screening facility of this occurrence. The lead interpreting physician will be responsible for searching for the exam and marking it as a false negative. Additionally, the mammography management system creates an audit trail throughout normal usage by tracking, storing, and identifying users' access of specific records.

Professional Certifications

Professional certifications functionality provided by the mammography management system allow system users such as radiologist and technologists to track their professional credentials such as licenses, certifications, and education. The functionality is flexible such that a variety of credential types may be entered and stored in the system and so that the progress of such credentials are tracked and monitored for relevant continuing education requirements.
Specifically, the professional certifications functionality of the present invention provides for receiving from a user the user's professional credential including renewal schedule and requirements, such that the renewal requirements are appropriately defined for the credential (such as CEUs). The user may then track progress in the system against the defined renewal requirement by entering specific instances of credit. The user may select to receive from the system reminder emails when his or her credential is due to expire. Further, a user may request from the system a display of all of the user's credentials. A user may also grant permission to other users to view upcoming renewals for all users associated with a facility.

Quality Control

The mammography management system of the present invention provides for quality control of devices associated with the system, such as modalities, monitors used in the radiologists' review station, and printers. The Quality Control (QC) module of the system defines and executes QC tests for medical devices, and includes the ability to configure test plans for specific device types, scheduling of QC tests, data entry of QC test information and the ability to generate several types of QC reports.
Specifically, the quality control functionality allows for an administrator or other user of the system to create a specific QC Test Plan for a Vendor/Model combination, and may include a series of tests to be performed on a designated resource to ensure that the resource is functioning correctly. A Vendor/Model combination (type of device) may have a single QC Test Plan, which is a collection of QC Tests, each with an occurrence. A QC Test may include a check that the test was performed, or it includes a worksheet for data collection. A worksheet contains one or more fields, which may be simple data entries or formula calculations. A calculation formula typically includes two operands and an operator. The operand is either a constant value such as “50” or a reference to the value of another field on the same worksheet.
A QC test plan setup screen 3900 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 39. The user can indicate that a test start on a specific date and set a recommended occurrence frequency, and the user may define worksheets to capture specified field values for each test. The system also provides a dashboard view that displays all tests due to occur at a specified facility. The system records the dates that QC tests were conducted for a specific device and the test output and values within a worksheet for specific QC test. Finally, the system stores and generates reports of a specified device's QC Test history.
In order to record QC Test results, the mammography management system is configured for each vendor/model that is to be tracked. A vendor/model has a specific QC Test Plan in the system that contains one or more QC Tests that occur at different intervals. Each test may be a simple as indicating it was completed, or may also include user-defined data fields that to record the various test metrics. The QC test plan setup screen shown in FIG. 39 allows a series of QC Tests to be defined for a specified vendor/model. The QC test plan is then applied to all devices matching the specified vendor/model connected to the mammography management system.
The QC module further provides the ability to define and generate graph reports that convey the requested fields. To define a report, a selects a vendor, which causes the vendor's model listbox to populate with the defined models for the selected vendor. When the user selects a vendor, the system will then populate the worksheet listbox with all of the worksheets that are defined for the vendor/model test plan. The user then selects the desired worksheet from the worksheet listbox and presses a load button, which causes a graph report section to be displayed which allows the user to select report options and fields to graph.

Example 1

This Example demonstrates one embodiment of a Quality Control module.

18 Quality Control

The main functional additions include:
The ability to create specific QC Test Plan for a Vendor/Model combination
The ability to start a test on a specific date and set a recommended occurrence
The ability to define worksheets to capture specified field value for each test
The ability to show all tests due to occur at a facility in a Dashboard view
The ability to record dates that QC tests where conducted for a specific device
The ability to record test output and values within a worksheet for specific QC test
The ability to report on device QC Test history

18.1 QC Test Setup

Prior to being able to record QC Test results, the MOM system must first be configured for each vendor/model that will be tracked. A vendor/model will have a QC Test Plan that contains one or more QC Tests which occur at different intervals. Each test may be a simple as indicating it was completed, or may also include user-defined data fields that to record the various test metrics.

18.2 QC Test Plan Setup Screen

The QC Test Plan Setup Screen allows a series of QC Tests to be defined for a specified vendor/model. See FIG. 40. This QC Test Plan will then apply to ALL devices with the specified vendor/model within the MOM Installation.

Roles

System Admin—Full control
Administrator—Read-only, but can create and modify Worksheets

Navigation

A “QC Setup” link will be placed on the Nav Bar. (This will probably change).

Functionality

When the screen initially loads only the Select Vendor and Model section will be displayed. The Vendor dropdown will be populated with all entered vendors. When the Vendor value is changed, the Model dropdown values will be loaded with Models associated with the selected Vendor. Once the Model and Vendor are selected the list of QC Tests for the Vendor/Model combination will be loaded. No pagination will be provided. The QC Tests will be ordered by Recommended Occurrence in the following order (Daily, Weekly, Bi-weekly, Monthly, Quarterly, Semi-annually)

18.2.1 Adding a QC Test

The very last entry in the list will always be a blank entry for adding a new QC Test. The user must provide the following fields to create the QC Test:
Test Name—Name of the QC Test
Recommended Occurrence—Daily, Weekly, Bi-weekly, Monthly, Quarterly, Semiannually
Once the data is entered the user can save the new QC Test by pressing the Save button.

18.2.2 Modifying or Removing QC Test

In order to modify an existing QC Test the user will make the changes (to one or more tests) and press the Save button. A QC Test can be removed (not that this is a soft delete, the setup and historical recorded device data must remain in the system) by selecting the Remove checkbox by one or more QC Tests and pressing the Save button.
When the Save button is pressed the screen will refresh with the changes. The Cancel button will reset the screen to the original state.

18.2.3 Managing Worksheets

A single worksheet for each QC Test can be defined by the user. A worksheet contains data fields to capture test output and metrics. Clicking the Create link for a speCific QC test will open the QC Worksheet Setup Screen in a pop-up window.
If a worksheet already exists for the QC Test then the Modify and Remove links will be displayed instead of the Create link. Clicking the Remove link will first prompt the user (“Do you want to remove the worksheet from the [Test Plan Name] QC Test Plan?”) and then remove the associated worksheet from the QC Test Plan.
Clicking the Modify link will open the selected worksheet in QC Worksheet Setup screen within a pop-up window.

18.3 QC Worksheet Setup

The QC Worksheet Setup screen allows multiple data capture fields to be defined for a specific QC Test (related to a specific vendor/model). See FIG. 41.

Roles

System Admin, Administrator

Navigation

Opened in a pop-up from the QC Test Plan Setup screen.

Functionality

A Worksheet is simply and ordered collection of data capture fields defined by a user. This screen will load all previously entered data capture fields for the vendor/model QC Test. The last row will be blank values used for creating a new worksheet field.

18.3.1 Adding a Data Capture Field

When creating a new data capture field the user selects the following:
Field Name—Required
Value Type—Used for data entry capture and validation, Required
Units—The units which the value is measured in (cm, degrees, etc)
Required—A checkbox that indicates if the data capture field must be populated when completing the worksheet
5 Day Average—Indicates if this field should be included in 5 Day Average reports
Display Order—A relative weight that determines the order in which the fields are displayed on the worksheet. All unpopulated display order data capture fields are displayed at the end of the worksheet.
After the data is entered the user can save the field by pressing the Save button (which will save and refresh the pop-up) or by Pressing the Save & Close button (which will save and close the pop-up).

18.3.2 Modifying or Removing Data Capture Field

In order to modify an existing data capture field the user will make the changes (to one or more fields) and press the Save button. Note that the Value Type is not editable (at least in this version of MOM) as it creates complex data transformation issues (for example text cannot always be converted to an Integer).
A data capture field can be removed (not that this is a soft delete, the setup and historical recorded device data must remain in the system) by selecting the Remove checkbox by one or more QC Tests and pressing the Save button or Save & Close button.

18.3.3 Value Types and Units

Value Types will have pre-programmed functionality associated with then and therefore and not manageable by a System Admin.

TABLE 4

Value Type	Data Capture	Data Validation

Text	Text field		80 Char max
Integer	Text field	Valid Integer
Float	Text field	Valid float (decimal points)
Percent	Text field	Valid float
Date	Text field	dd-mm-yyyy
Date & Time	Two text fields	dd-mm-yyyy hh:mm
Yes/No	Radio buttons
Yes/No/NA	Radio buttons
Pass/Fail/NA	Radio buttons

The Units dropdown should be driven from a lookup table and ordered alphabetically. Initial values are: cm, in, lbs, newtons.

18.4 Device QC Schedule

In order to predict when the QC Tests are due for a specific device, the MOM Device screens have been updated to allow an occurrence schedule to be define for each reoccurrence timeframe. See FIGS. 42-44.

Roles

System Admin, Administrator

Navigation

Selected from the Remote Devices main menu.

Functionality

For each of the following QC Test reoccurrence timeframes the following scheduling configuration can be selected:

TABLE 5

QC Test Reoccurrence	Schedule Configuration

Daily	Checkboxes for each day of the week
Weekly	Occurs every [Listbox with days of week]
Bi-weekly	Occurs every [Listbox with days of week]
Monthly	Occurs the [Listbox with First, Second,
	Third, Fourth, Last] [Listbox with days of
	week] of every month
Quarterly	Occurs the [Listbox with First, Second,
	Third, Fourth, Last] [Listbox with days of
	week] every three months starting in
	[Listbox with months of year]
Semi-annually	Occurs the [Listbox with First, Second,
	Third, Fourth, Last] [Listbox with days of
	week] every six months starting in [Listbox
	with months of year]

When determining the next due date of the various QC Tests the following factors are considered.
The Vendor/Model—
Are there QC Test defined for the vendor/model? If no tests are defined, then no due date can be predicted.
The QC Tests—
What is the defined reoccurrence for each QC Test for the vendor/model?
The Device Schedule—
What is the Schedule for the reoccurrence of the specific device? If no schedule is set, then no due date can be predicted.

18.5 QC Test Results

QC Test Results are recorded in MOM for specific devices based on their vendor/model QC Test Plan.

18.6 QC Test Dashboard

The QC Test Dashboard provides a single screen where all due QC Tests for a facility can be easily viewed and recorded. See FIG. 45.

Roles

Administrator

Navigation

Opened from Navigation Bar

Functionality

The QC Dashboard lists all devices that have a QC Test due today or from a previous day which have not yet been completed. Any QC Tests that have a Due date that is in the past will display the Due date in red.
Due dates are calculated by reviewing each device at the selected Facility and comparing the QC Tests for the Device's Vendor/Model with the QC Schedule set for the specific device.
A QC Test that does not require a worksheet will allow the user to select a Today checkbox if they performed the test today, or optional entry of a different date. A QC Test that requires a Worksheet will provide a link to the Worksheet.
Clicking the Worksheet link will open the QC Worksheet screen in a pop-up.
Pressing the Save button will save all entered dates and comments. In addition the current user will be stored as the user that completed the test. The screen will then be updated.
Pressing the Cancel button will clear the screen of all data.

18.7 Device QC Test Plan

The Device QC Test Plan screen shows the details of a selected device's QC Test Plan including a recent history and the ability to enter new results. See FIG. 46.

Roles

Administrator

Navigation

Opened from the Device QC Test Plan link in the Command Bar

Functionality

On initial screen load the Select Facility and Device section will be displayed. The user must first select a Facility (note that this will default to the user's current Facility. When the Facility is selected the Device Listbox will be loaded with all the Devices at the Facility. The Device Listbox values will be the Device Vendor+Model+“10”+Device ID. The user will then select the desired device and an optional Occurrence Filter. The Occurrence Filter Listbox contains the following values: —Show All —, Daily, Weekly, Bi-weekly, Monthly, Quarterly, Semi-annually, Annually. Once the Facility, Device and Occurrence Filer are selected the user will press the Load button to display the QC Test Plan for the selected device.
The QC Test Plan will be ordered by Recommended Occurrence (Daily, Annually). If an Occurrence Filter was selected only the QC Tests with the same occurrence will be displayed. The table will contain the following columns:

- QC Test Name
- Recommended Occurrence
- Last QC Test Dates—The last two dates that the test was performed. If the QC Test includes a Worksheet, the dates will be links that open the View Worksheet screen in a pop-up when clicked.
- Next QC Test Date—The next due date for the QC Test. If no QC Schedule has been set for the Device or for the specific test reoccurrence for the device, then this column should display “No Schedule”
- QC Test Performed—A checkbox indicating that the QC Test was performed today and a field to enter a different date.
- Comments—A free-from text entry field for the tester's comments.

A QC Test that does not require a worksheet will allow the user to select a Today checkbox if they performed the test today, or optional entry of a different date. A QC Test that requires a Worksheet will provide a link to the Worksheet. Clicking the Worksheet link will open the QC Worksheet screen in a pop-up.
Pressing the Save button will save all entered dates and comments. In addition the current user will be stored as the user that completed the test. The screen will then be updated.
Pressing the Cancel button will clear the screen of all data.

18.8 QC Worksheet

The QC Worksheet screen allows specific data fields to be captured based on the configuration for the QC Test. See FIG. 47.

Roles

Administrator

Navigation

Opened in a pop-up from the QC Test Dashboard or Device QC Test Plan screens

Functionality

The Device section the Device information including Device Name, Device ID, Vendor, Model and Facility at the top of the page.
The Worksheet section displays the configured worksheet fields for the Vendor/Model of the device. These fields are defined on the QC Worksheet Setup page.
The section header text includes the following:
Test Occurrence+QC Test Name+“Worksheet”
The first field will always be Date of Test, the second field will always be Comments. The rest of the Worksheet data capture fields are listed in the order specified by the Display Order field.
For each data capture field the follow columns will be displayed:
Field Name—the data capture field name
Value—A data entry field determined by the Value Type
Units—The data capture field units (cm, in., date)
Expected Format—The format of the data field

TABLE 6

Value Type	Data Entry Field	Expected Format

Text	Textbox, 80 chars max
Integer	Textbox, 20 chars max	Integer
Decimal	Textbox, 20 chars max	Decimal
Percent	Textbox, 6 chars max	Percent
Date	Textbox, 10 chars max	mm-dd-yyyy
Date and Time	2 Text boxes, 10 chars max	mm-dd-yy hh:mm:ss
Yes/No	Yes & No radio buttons	Yes/No
Yes/No/NA	Yes, No & NA radio	Yes/No/NA
	buttons
Pass/Fail/NA	Pass, Fail, & NA radio	Pass/Fail/NA
	buttons

If the data capture field is set to required the name will be preceded with a red asterisk.
Pressing the Save button will validate the field and save the data. In addition the user that complete the worksheet and the time completed will also be saved.
Pressing the Cancel button will close the pop-up without saving the values.

18.8.1 Field Validation

When the users press the Save button the follow data validation must be performed based on the Value Type of each data capture field.
Required—a value must be present in the field
Integer—Must be a whole number
Decimal—Must be an integer or float (1 or 1.25)
Percent—Must be an integer or float (1 or 1.25)
Date—Must be a valid date (mm-dd-yyyy)
Date and Time—Must be a valid date (mm-dd-yyyy) and time (hh:mm:ss)
If required fields are not populated, or if any of the entries do not match the expected formats a message will be displayed indicating the validation errors.
18.9 View QC Worksheet
The View QC Worksheet screen displays worksheet data fields in read-only format. See FIG. 48.

Roles

Administrator, Radiologist

Navigation

Opened in a pop-up form the Device QC Test Plan or QC Report screens

Functionality

The Device section displays the device information including Device Name, Device ID, Vendor, Model and Facility at the top of the page.
The Worksheet section displays the configured worksheet fields for the Vendor/Model of the device. These fields are defined on the QC Worksheet Setup page.
The section header text includes the following:
Test Occurrence+QC Test Name+“Worksheet”
The first field will always be Date of Test, the second field will always be Comments. The rest of the Worksheet data capture fields are listed in the order specified by the Display Order field. The Last Modified Date and Last Modified By fields are displayed last.

18.10 QC Quarterly Signoff

The QC Quarterly Signoff screen is used by a Lead Interpreting Physician to review and sign off on the QC data for a Facility on a quarterly basis, See FIG. 49.

Roles

LIP

Navigation

Option in the Command Menu of the QC Checklist screens.

Functionality

This screen is split into three main sections. The first section allows the LIP to select the Facility which will be signed off. When a selection is made from the Facility list the remaining two sections will be displayed.
The second section allows the LIP to easily run the Daily & Weekly and Monthly, Quarterly, Semiannual reports for a selected device. This Device listbox will be populated with the Devices related to the selected Facility. After selecting the criteria the report can be generated by pressing the Run Report button. This will display the selected report in a pop-up window. This section will also display the last two QC Quarterly signoffs for selected device. The date of the sign off and signing LIP will be displayed.
The final section displays the Quarterly Review verbiage and the LIP's graphic signature, name and date. The LIP may press the Sign Off button to sign the report or the Cancel button to clear the screen without Signing off.
When the report is signed off a PDF version should be generated and an entry should be recorded in a database table. The database table should include the Facility, Device, User, Date or Signoff and a link to the PDF file.

18.11 QC Report Screen

The QC Report screen allows the use to run a variety of QC Reports based on a selected Device and date range. See FIG. 50.

Roles

Administrator, Radiologist, LIP

Navigation

Accessed from the QC Report link the QC command bar.

Functionality

The Facility listboxes will default to the user's current facility. The Device listbox will be populated with all devices available at the selected facility. If a new value is selected in the Facility listbox, the related Device listbox will be updated to contain the related devices.
Pressing the Run Report button will open the selected report in a pop-up window. All reports will initially be generated in HTML with an option to generate a PDF on the report window.
The 5 Day Average criteria will load the QC Test listbox based on the selection in the Device listbox. The QC Tests will be limited to Daily Occurrence.

18.12 QC Daily and Weekly Report

The QC Daily and Weekly report displays the Daily, Weekly and Bi-weekly QC Tests for a selected device over a one month time period. See FIG. 51
The report Header contains the selected Device Vendor, Model, ID and Name and the Date Range for the report.
Based on the selected month/year the Days or Week and Day on Month are arranged across the top of the report. The various QC Tests are determined by the Vendor/Model of the selected device.
Each date that a QC Test was recorded is represented by an icon the table:
A large bold checkmark indicates that a QC Test was performed (no worksheet)
A small checkmark indicates that a QC Test with a worksheet was performed. Clicking on the icon will open the View Worksheet screen in a pop-up window.
Pressing the Generate PDF button will pop-up a PDF version of the report. The PDF will be in landscape orientation.

18.13 QC Monthly and Quarterly Report

The QC Monthly and Quarterly report displays the Monthly, Quarterly and Semi-annual QC Tests for a selected device over one year time period. See FIG. 52.
The report Header contains the selected Device Vendor, Model, ID and Name and the Date Range for the report.
Based on the selected year the months are arranged across the top of the report. The various QC Tests are determined by the Vendor/Model of the selected device.
Each date that a QC Test was recorded is represented as a month/day entry in the table. If the QC Test includes a worksheet the month/day entry will be a link that when clicked will open the View Worksheet screen in a pop-up window.
All comments that where recorded for any of the Monthly, Quarterly or Semi-annual QC Tests for the device will be listed (in date ascending order) in a table below the QC Test table. This table will include the Date, Technologist, QC Test and Comment text.
Pressing the Generate PDF button will pop-up a PDF version of the report. The PDF will be in landscape orientation.

18.14 QC 5-Day Averages Report

The 5 Day Averages report will list the average value for all numeric data entry fields for a selected device and Daily QC Test. See FIG. 53.
The report Header contains the selected Device Vendor, Model, ID and Name, the selected QC Test and the date the report was generated.
Based on the selected End Date MOM will pull the last 5 values for selected Daily (this is the only type of QC Test that can be selected) QC Test. MOM will use the current date if no End Date is selected. The last 5 values will be listed in the table for each numeric (integer, decimal and percent) data field in the selected QC Test. MOM will then calculate the average by adding the 5 values and dividing by 5.
Pressing the Generate PDF button will pop-up a PDF version of the report. The PDP will be in portrait orientation.

18.15 QC Quarterly Signoff Report

The QC Quarterly Signoff Report lists the quarterly signoff history for a selected facility. See FIG. 54.
The report Header contains the selected Facility name, city and state, the selected date range for the report.
This report will list the history of QC Quarterly Signoffs for the selected device within the selected data range. The columns include the Date of Signoff, the signing LIP and a PDF icon which links to the PDF generated when the report was signed off. The entries will be ordered by signoff date descending (newest first).
Pressing the Generate PDF button will pop-up a PDF version of the report. The PDF will be in portrait orientation.

Example 2

This Example demonstrates an embodiment of a professional certification management module.

17 Professional Certifications

Professional Certifications allow MOM users (such as Radiologist and Technologists) to track their professional credentials (such as licenses, certifications and education). The solution must be flexible to allow entry of a variety to credential types and also to track progress against for continuing education requirements. In addition the user should have the option to receive reminder emails when a credential is nearing a renewal date.
These concepts are supported by the following features:
1. The ability for a user to enter a professional credential including a renewal schedule
2. The ability for renewal requirements to be defined for a credential (such as CEUs)
3. The ability for a user to track progress against a renewal requirement by entering specific instances of credit
4. The ability to receive a reminder email when a credential is due to expire
5. The ability to list all credentials for each user
6. The ability to grant permission to a user to view upcoming renewals for all users associated with a facility

17.1 List Credential Screen

The List Credentials screen (FIG. 55) displays all of the credentials created for the current user of MOM.
This screen requires the Track Credential security permission. The screen can be accessed from the “Professional Credentials” command bar action on the My Account screen.
This screen lists all of the Credentials for the current MOM user. The table contains the following fields:
Credential Name—Linked to the View Credential screen (pop-up) also includes the Modify Icon linked to the Modify Credential screen (pop-up)
Credential Type
Accredited By
Last Renewed
Renewal Date—The calculated Next Renewal Date and a Bell icon if the credential is currently receiving renewal reminder emails. (see the Add Credential Screen section for more details)
Requirements—a comma separated list of including one or more of CUEs, Exams, Other
Renew/Credits link—A link to the Track Credit screen (pop-up)
The list will initially be sorted be the Credential Name. The table will receive the standard MOM sortable headers and pagination.
The command bar contains the following actions:
View My Account—Navigates back to the My Account screen
Add New Credential—Opens the Add Credential screen in a pop-up window.
After the new credential is added the list should be refreshed.

17.2Add Credential Screen

The Add Credential Screen (FIG. 56) allows a new credential to be created for a specific user.
This screen requires the Track Credential security permission. The screen can be accessed from the “Add New Credential” command bar action in on the Credential List screen.
A Credential has the following fields:
Credential Name—Required. Text for the name of the credential
Credential Type—Required. A dropdown listbox with the following selections:

- License
- Certification
- Education
- Other

Accredited By—A text field for the name of the institution that grants the credential
Accredited No—A text field for the credentials identifying number
Date Obtained Required. A date field for the date that the credentials was originally obtained
Last Renewal Date—A date field for the date which the credential was last renewed
Renewal Schedule—Required. Radio buttons to select a type of renewal schedule. If a value other than “Does Not Expire” is selected then the Last Renewal Date field will be required.

- Annual—Expires one year from the last Renewal Date
- Monthly—Expires every X months from the last Renewal Date
- Renew of Date Expires one a specific date
- Does not expire Never expires

Additional Information—A text area for general notes and comments

Credential Requirements

The Credential Requirements section allows the user to select from 4 different types of requirements for maintaining or renewing the credentials.
Continuing Education Units—
Includes a number of units and a month span range. MOM will automatically add up the number of CEUs that have been recorded with the preceding number of months and display this as progress toward the total required in that range. If the check box is selected, the Units and Months fields are required.
Exams/Readings—
Includes a number of exams and a month span range. MOM will automatically add up the number of exams that have been recorded with the preceding number of months and display this as progress toward the total required in that range. If the check box is selected, the Exams/Readings and Months fields are required,
Other—
This allows a custom requirement to be added, but MOM will not track progress. If the check box is selected, the Other field is required.

Reminder Email

The user may configure MOM to send a reminder email when the credential is nearing renewal by clicking the Send Reminder Email checkbox. The following fields will be required if the checkbox is checked.
Email Address—This field will be defaulted to the User's email address in MOM is one has been supplied. The user may change this email address.
Days Before Renewal—This field indicate the number of days before the next renewal (or expiration) that email reminder should be sent.
Send Reminder Email Every X Days—The field indicates the reoccurrence that the reminder email should be sent until the credential has been marked as renewed by the user.
The next renewal date (or expiration date) is calculated by taking the last Renewal Date and adding the number of months as specified in the renewal schedule. If the users has selected a specific Renew On Date, then this date will be used. Reminder emails will be sent on every X days (depending on the Send Reminder Email Every X Days value) until the user has indicated that the credential has been renewed (and a new Last Renewal Date will have been recorded).

Copying Managers

The Reminder Email will also be sent to any user that has the View Credential Renewals permission and is associated with the same Facility as the user whose owns the credential.

Reminder Email Template

The template for the reminder email is as follows (FIG. 57). Field values and logic are defined with in brackets [ ].

17.3 Modify Credential Screen

The Modify Credential Screen (FIG. 58) allows an existing credential record to be modified to by the associated user.
This screen requires the Track Credential security permission. The screen can be accessed from the Modify icon in the listing on the Credential List screen.
This screen functions in the same manner as defined for the Add Credential Screen. If the user updates the Last Renewal Date it will cause the Next Renewal Date to be recalculated I thereby stopping any reminder emails that may be active.
The user may also delete the Credential by checking the Delete Credential checkbox and pressing the Save button.

17.4 View Credential Screen

The Modify Credential Screen (FIG. 59) displays a read-only view of a credential record.
This screen requires the Track Credential security permission (for the user to view their own credential, or the View Credential Renewals security permission (to allow another user to view a credential of a user which is associated to the same facility to which they are associated). The screen can be accessed from the view link in the listing on the Credential List screen.
This screen combines the fields from the Add/Modify Credential Pages with the current list of credits entered for the various Credential Requirements.

17.5 Track Credit Screen

The Track Credit screen (FIG. 60) allows the user to input new credits toward CEU, CMEU, and Exam/Reading credential requirements. It also allows a user to record the renewal of the credential.
This screen requires the Track Credential security permission. The screen can be accessed from the Renew/Credits link in the listing on the Credential List screen.

Renewing a Credential

If the user wished to indicate that the Credential has been renewed they must check the Renewed checkbox and then populate the Renewal Date (required) and optionally populate the Accredited No (if the number has changed). When the Save button is pressed, MOM will update the Renewal Date and calculate a new Next Renewal Date based on the renewal schedule. If the Accredited No is populated it will be updated in the database. This should also stop the reminder emails from being sent.

Tracking Credits Against Requirements

If the Credential has been configure with requirements in CEUs or Exams/Readings each will be displayed with a table that allows additional credits to be tracked. Based on the type of requirement the fields are different. Any previous credits that have occurred within the “every x month” timeframe for the requirement will also be displayed. So if the requirement is 16 CEUs every 24 months, all CEU credits with a Date occurring in the last 24 months will be displayed. The user may delete a previously recorded credit by pressing the Delete icon. The user may add a new credit by populating the blank records a the end of the list or pressing the Add icon to add a new blank line.

CEU Credit Fields

Date—Required. The date the CEU was accredited
Course—Required. A general description of the course taken
Accredited By—Required. The name of the accrediting institution
Accredited No—A number that identifies the accreditation
CEUs—Required. The number of CEU credits obtained

Exams/Readings Credit Fields

Start Date—Required. The start date for the range
End Date—Required. The end date for the range
Facility—Required. The name of facility where the Exams/Readings where performed
Number—Required. The number of Exams/Reading performed during the date range (Start Date to End Date)

Known Limitation

The current design requires that CEUs and Exams/Readings be entered and directly associated with a specific Credentials. This means that if a user has multiple credentials with a CEU requirements, they will need to enter the CEU on each credentials that it is applicable toward. The drawback is that the same credit must be entered multiple times. An enhancement could be to design a general credit entry screen and then allow the user to indicate with credential is can be applied toward.

17.6 View Upcoming Renewals Screen

The View Upcoming Renewals screen (FIG. 61) allows facility managers to view all of the upcoming credential renewals for staff associated to their facilities.
This screen requires the View Credential Renewals security permission (to allow another user to view a credential of a user which is associated to the same facility to which they are associated). The screen can be accessed from the Credential Renewals link in the command bar on the User screens of from the Credential Renewals link in the User section of the navigation menu.
The screen will list all credentials for users that are associated with the selected Facility where the Renewal Date of the credential is within the selected number of weeks for the current date.
The Facility listbox will contain all Facilities to which the current MOM user is associated. It will default to the same Facility that is selected in the header (the current Facility). The Renewal Date Within field will default to 4 weeks. The screen will automatically run this search when the screen is displayed. The user can change the facility or number of weeks and rerun the search by pressing the Search button.
The search results contain the following columns:
Renewal Date—The Next Renewal Date for the credential
Credential—The Credential Name with a link to display the View Credential screen.
User—The user that is associated with the Credential with a link to display the View User screen.
Type—Credential Type
Accredited By
Last Renewed
The list will initially be sorted be the Renewal Date descending. The table will receive the standard MOM sortable headers and pagination.
Although various representative embodiments of this invention have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, those skilled in the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventive subject matter set forth in the specification and claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A computing device comprising a processor and accessible storage having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the computing device to perform a method for managing medical imaging credentials, the method comprising:

processing medical imaging credential data to identify a renewal date for each of the plurality of credential identities, wherein the medical imaging credential data comprises a user identity, a plurality of credential identities logically associated with the user identity, and a renewal schedule logically associated with each of the plurality of credential identities and wherein the renewal date is identified from the renewal schedules;

displaying to a display device, operably coupled to the computing device, the plurality of medical imaging credential identities, associated renewal dates, a first input field configured to receive input indicating a user's renewed status and a second input field configured to receive input indicating a corresponding date the renewed status was obtained; and

wherein the receiving by the processor of the indication of renewed status and date of renewed status causes the processor to update the renewal schedule.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the renewal schedule comprises a renewal date and wherein the identifying comprises selecting a tabulated renewal date.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the renewal schedule comprises a last renewal date and a period of renewal and wherein the processing the renewal schedule comprises calculating the renewal date as the date that is the sum of the last renewal date and the period of renewal.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the medical credential data further comprises a credential type associated with each of the plurality of credential identities and credential requirement information associated with at least one of the plurality of credential identities and further comprising displaying for each displayed medical credential identity, the associated credential type, and, if any, the credential requirement information associated with the displayed credential identities.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the medical credential data further comprises one or more continuing education units (CEU) identities logically associated with at least one of the credential identities and a CEU value logically associated with each CEU identity and further comprising displaying to the display device the one or more CEU identities and logically associated CEU values for at least one of the displayed of the credential identities.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising displaying to the display device a third input field configured to receive input for a CEU identity to be logically associated with one of the displayed credential identities and a fourth input field configured to receive input for a CEU value to be logically associated with the received CEU identity and wherein the receiving of the CEU identity and the CEU value causes the medical credential data to be updated.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the medical credential data further comprises one or more facility identities logically associated with at least one credential identity and at least one exam/reading count logically associated with each facility identity and further comprising displaying to the display device the one or more facility identities and logically associated exam/reading count for at least one of the displayed credential identities.

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising displaying to the display device a fifth input field configured to receive input for a facility identity to be logically associated with one of the displayed credential identity and a sixth input field configured to receive input for an exam/reading count to be logically associated with the received facility identity and wherein the receiving of the facility identity and the exam/reading count causes the medical credential data to be updated.

9. The computing device of claim 1 wherein each displayed credential identity and logically associated renewal schedule was added to the medical credential data by receiving input from a plurality of graphically displayed user input fields comprising an input credential identity and logically associated input renewal schedule.

10. The computing device of claim 1 further comprising evaluating the medical imaging credential data to identify medical imaging credential identities having a reminder date that is the current date and automatically electronically mailing to the user, for each identified medical imaging credential identities, a reminder message, wherein the medical imaging credential data further comprises a reminder schedule logically associated with at least one of the medical imaging credential identities and wherein the reminder date is determined from the reminder schedule.

11. The computing device of claim 10 wherein the reminder schedule comprises a tabulated reminder date and wherein the reminder date is the tabulated reminder date.

12. The computing device of claim 10 wherein the reminder schedule comprises a tabulated reminder date and a reminder period and wherein the reminder date is the sum of the tabulated reminder date and the reminder period.

13. A computing device comprising a processor and accessible storage having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the computing device to perform a method for managing a database comprising a plurality of medical imaging credential entries, the method comprising:

editing an entry in the database through a display interface wherein an edit command induces the display of input fields on a display device operable connected to the processor to guide the input of information to populate the database entry in its edited configuration.

14. The computing device of claim 13 wherein the editing comprises adding a new entry to the database of medical imaging credential entries and wherein the displaying comprising displaying a credential name input field, a credential obtained date input field, a credential type input field and a renewal schedule input field;

wherein receiving input from the input fields creates a new entry in the database and associates the entry with a selected user.

15. The computing device of claim 14 wherein the displaying further comprises displaying a plurality of credential requirement input fields comprising a continuation education unit (CEU) value field, a CEU period field, an exam/reading value field and an exam/reading period field.

16. The computing device of claim 14 wherein the displaying further comprises a displaying a reminder notice date input field and a reminder address input field.

17. The computing device of claim 16 further comprising processing the database to identify users having a credential identity associated with a reminder notice date that is the current date and automatically sending a notification message to the identified users, the notification message informing the user that the corresponding credential identity should be renewed, wherein the database comprises a plurality of user identities, one or more credential identities associated with each user identity, and a reminder notice date associated with at least one of the credential identities.

18. The computing device of claim 13 wherein the editing comprises modifying an existing entry and wherein the displaying comprises displaying a credential identity input field, a credential obtained date input field, a credential type input field and a renewal schedule input field and wherein the input fields are automatically populated with their existing values in the database for the corresponding entry.

19. The computing device of claim 18 wherein the displaying further comprises displaying a plurality of continuing education unit (CEU) fields and a plurality of exam/reading fields.

20. The computing device of claim 18 wherein the displaying further comprises displaying a reminder notice date input field and a reminder address input field.

21. The computing device of claim 13 wherein the editing comprises modifying an existing entry and wherein the displaying comprises displaying for a credential identity associated with a user in the database a continuing education unit (CEU) date input field, a course identity input field; a CEU credit input field, and corresponding values for credits previously completed by the user.