US20100307391A1

US20100307391A1 - Pulverized fuel burner

Info

Publication number: US20100307391A1
Application number: US12/864,741
Authority: US
Inventors: Masato Tamura; Toshiyuki Suko
Original assignee: IHI Corp
Current assignee: IHI Corp
Priority date: 2008-03-10
Filing date: 2009-02-09
Publication date: 2010-12-09
Also published as: DE112009000291T5; WO2009113237A1; JP2009216281A; DE112009000291B4

Abstract

The invention provides a pulverized fuel burner including a nozzle body 6 open to a furnace 1 to inject pulverized fuel together with primary combustion air, flow passages for secondary combustion air formed coaxially around the nozzle body and shutters arranged circumferentially along the flow passages and spaced apart from each other at specified intervals. Non-flow portions are formed by the shutters for the flow passages for the secondary combustion air to bring about backflow of hot flue gas. As a result, ignition performance can be improved with pulverized fuel containing less volatile matter and the flame can be continuously kept stably.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a pulverized fuel burner for a furnace such as coal-fired boiler which uses pulverized material as fuel.

BACKGROUND ART

In some of furnaces using pulverized material, e.g., in a furnace using coal as fuel, lump coal is pulverized by a coal pulverizer into pulverized coal which in turn is mixed and fed with primary air into a pulverized coal burner where the pulverized coal is injected into the furnace and is suspension-fired.
Further fed to the flow of the primary air mixed with the pulverized coal is secondary combustion air which has been heated to a required temperature (for example, 250° C.-300° C.). The pulverized coal in the mixed flow is heated by the secondary air and by radiation heat from the furnace to discharge and ignite volatile matter to thereby establish flames.
A conventional pulverized coal burner will be described in FIG. 1.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a furnace; and 2, a furnace wall of the furnace 1.
A throat 3 is set on the furnace wall 2, which has a wind box 4 on a side away from the furnace 1. A pulverized coal burner 5 is arranged in the wind box 4 and coaxially of the throat 3.
The pulverized coal burner 5 comprises a nozzle body 6 and a secondary air adjusting device 7 surrounding a front end of the nozzle body 6.
The nozzle body 6 comprises an outer tube nozzle 8, an inner tube nozzle 9 coaxial of the nozzle 8 and an oil burner 11 arranged on an axis of the nozzle 9.
The outer tube nozzle 8 comprises a base (an end away from the furnace 1) 8 a, an intermediate portion 8 b contiguous with the base 8 a and a front end 8 c contiguous with the intermediate portion 8 b. The base 8 a is a cylinder with a constant radius of cross section; the intermediate portion 8 b and the front end 8 c are tapered cylinders with radii of cross section reduced toward the furnace 1, respectively. The front end 8 c has a tapered angle greater than that of the intermediate portion 8 b and therefore has radii reduced more greatly than those of the intermediate portion 8 b.
The inner tube nozzle 9 comprises a cylindrical portion 9 a and a front end 9 c contiguous with the cylindrical portion 9 a. The cylindrical portion 9 a is a cylinder with a constant radius of cross section and extending adjacent to a front side of the outer tube intermediate portion 8 b, and the front end 9 c is tapered with a tapered angle similar to that of the outer tube front end 8 c. Formed between the inner and outer tube nozzles 8 and 9 is a hollow, cylindrical fuel conduction space 10 with an end open to the furnace 1.
The base (the end away from the furnace 1) of the outer tube nozzle 8 communicates with a primary air feed pipe 12 through which primary air 14 and the pulverized coal carried by the air 14 tangentially flow into and swirl in the space 10 and are injected through the front end of the space. Open to the base of the inner tube nozzle 9 is one end of a tertiary air feed pipe 13 the other end of which is open to the wind box 4, so that combustion air fed to the wind box 4 is taken in and is guided to the inner tube nozzle 9 as auxiliary combustion air, i.e., tertiary combustion air.
The secondary air adjusting device 7 comprises an auxiliary air adjusting mechanism 15 accommodating the front end of the nozzle body 6 and a main air adjusting mechanism 16 arranged coaxially and outward of the mechanism 15.
The auxiliary air adjusting mechanism 15 comprises a first air guide duct 18 with diameters reduced toward a front end of the duct and air swirl adjusting vanes 19 circumferentially equidistantly arranged in a base of the duct 18, the vanes 19 being rotatable about rotary axes 21 in sync.
The main air adjusting mechanism 16 comprises a second air guide duct 22 with diameters reduced toward its front end and air swirl adjusting vanes 23 circumferentially equidistantly arranged in a base of the duct 22, the vanes 23 being rotatable about rotary axes 24 in sync.
The front end of the second air guide duct 22 is contiguous with the throat 3. The front end of the first air guide duct 18 is set back from an inner wall surface of the furnace wall 2. The front ends of the nozzles 8 and 9 are set back further from the front end of the guide duct 18.
Combustion at the above-mentioned pulverized coal burner 5 will be briefly described. The pulverized coal is fed together with the primary air 14 through the primary air feed pipe 12 into the base of the fuel conduction space 10. The primary air 14 swirls in the space 10 toward the furnace 1, is reduced in flow during its passing through the space 10 and is injected through the front end of the outer tube nozzle 8. The wind box 4 is fed with the secondary air 26 as auxiliary combustion air elevated to a required temperature. The secondary air 26 is adjusted in air swirl by the vanes 23 and is injected together with the primary air 14 and the pulverized coal into the furnace 1 via the second air guide duct 22.
The pulverized coal is heated by the secondary air 26 through its injection into the furnace 1, and is heated by the radiation heat from the furnace 1. By the heating, the pulverized coal releases the volatile matter which is ignited to continuously keep the flames.
Part of the secondary air 26 taken in the second air guide duct 22 is taken via the air swirl adjusting vanes 19 into the first air guide duct 18 and is injected as secondary auxiliary air. Air volume adjustments by the vanes 23 and 19 change feed flow condition of the secondary air 26 to adjust the combustion condition of the pulverized coal.
Part of the secondary air 26 is guided as the tertiary air 27 via the tertiary air feed pipe 13 into and is injected from the inner tube nozzle 9. Injection of the tertiary air 27 adjusts the combustion condition of the pulverized coal. Thus, by adjustment of, for example, the secondary and tertiary airs 26 and 27, combustion condition of the pulverized coal is adjusted to optimum.
The oil burner 11 is used to ignite the pulverized coal.
For the above-mentioned conventional pulverized coal burner 5, the pulverized coal is used such as bituminous coal with a predetermined amount of, say about 20% of volatile matter.
However, use of lower-graded fuel has been demanded recently; for example, used is oil coke which is a residue in petroleum refinery and which has volatile matter as low as about 10%. Use of the oil coke in the above-mentioned conventional pulverized coal burner 5 may bring about problems that the pulverized fuel injected via the pulverized coal burner 5 is low in temperature and that volatile matter released is not enough for keeping the flames. When the flames are not kept, NO_xproduced is remarkably increased.
State-of-art technology for the above-mentioned pulverized coal burner is disclosed, for example, in Patent Literature 1.
[Patent Literature 1] JP 8-145320A

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Technical Problems

The invention was made in view of the above and has its object to provide a pulverized fuel burner wherein pulverized fuel with less volatile matter is used to improve ignition performance and continuously keep flames stably.

Solution to Problems

The invention is directed to a pulverized fuel burner comprising a nozzle body open to a furnace to inject pulverized fuel together with primary combustion air, flow passages for secondary combustion air formed coaxially around said nozzle body and shutters arranged circumferentially along said flow passages and spaced apart from each other at specified intervals, non-flow portions being formed by said shutters for said flow passages to bring about backflow of hot flue gas.
The invention is further directed to a pulverized fuel burner wherein occupied areas of said shutters for said flow passages are variable.
The invention is further directed to a pulverized fuel burner wherein a movable ring is rotatably arranged coaxially of a front end of said nozzle body, said movable ring having movable guide vanes, fixed guide vanes being arranged on the front end of said nozzle body, each of said movable and fixed guide vanes having a shutter perpendicular to an axis of the nozzle, overlapped state of said two shutters being varied by turning said movable ring.
The invention is further directed to a pulverized fuel burner wherein said nozzle body is accommodated in a wind box, an air guide duct being arranged in said wind box coaxially of a front end of said nozzle body, a movable ring being rotatably arranged at the front end of said nozzle body, said movable ring having movable guide vanes, said air guide duct having fixed guide vanes, each of said movable and fixed guide vanes having a shutter perpendicular to an axis of the nozzle, overlapped state of said two shutters being varied by turning said movable ring.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

According to the invention comprising a nozzle body open to a furnace to inject pulverized fuel together with primary combustion air, flow passages for secondary combustion air arranged coaxially around said nozzle body and shutters arranged circumferentially along said flow passages and spaced apart from each other at specified intervals, non-flow portions being formed by said shutters for said flow passages to bring about backflow of hot flue gas, so that hot flue gas is brought in to heat the pulverized fuel; ignition performance is improved even with pulverized fuel having less volatile matter; and ignition is made stably and certainly and the flames are kept.
According to the invention, occupied areas of said shutters for said flow passages are variable, so that a degree of backflow of the hot flue gas can be adjusted; and pulverized fuels with different volatile matter can be burned in proper conditions.
According to the invention, a movable ring is rotatably arranged coaxially of a front end of said nozzle body, said movable ring having movable guide vanes, fixed guide vanes being arranged on the front end of said nozzle body, each of said movable and fixed guide vanes having a shutter perpendicular to an axis of the nozzle, overlapped state of said two shutters being varied by turning said movable ring, so that occupied area of said shutters for the flow passages may vary to adjust a degree of backflow of hot flue gas; and pulverized fuels with different volatile matter can be burned in proper conditions.
According to the invention, said nozzle body is accommodated in a wind box, an air guide duct being arranged in said wind box coaxially of a front end of said nozzle body, a movable ring being rotatably arranged at the front end of said nozzle body, said movable ring having movable guide vanes, said air guide duct having fixed guide vanes, each of said movable and fixed guide vanes having a shutter perpendicular to an axis of the nozzle, overlapped state of said two shutters being varied by turning said movable ring, so that occupied area of said shutters for the flow passages may vary to adjust a degree of backflow of hot flue gas; and pulverized fuels with different volatile matter can be burned in proper conditions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a conventional pulverized coal burner;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a pulverized coal burner according to the invention;

FIG. 3 is a view looking in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4A is a view for explanation of an operation of variable shutters used in a pulverized coal burner according to the invention, movable and fixed guide vanes being in a condition closest to each other;

FIG. 4B is a view for explanation of the operation of the variable shutters used in a pulverized coal burner according to the invention, the movable and fixed guide vanes being in a condition most away from each other;

FIG. 5A is a view for explanation of the operation of the variable shutters used in a pulverized coal burner according to the invention, the movable and fixed guide vanes being in a condition closest to each other; and

FIG. 5B is a view for explanation of the operation of the variable shutters used in a pulverized coal burner according to the invention, the movable and fixed guide vanes being in a condition most away from each other.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

- 1 furnace
- 4 wind box
- 5 pulverized coal burner
- 6 nozzle body
- 8 outer tube nozzle
- 14 primary air
- 26 secondary air
- 32 air guide duct
- 33 movable ring
- 34 movable guide vane
- 36 flow shutter
- 37 fixed guide vane
- 39 flow shutter
- 43 ring gear
- 44 drive gear
- 47 motor

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

An embodiment of the invention will be described in conjunction with the drawings.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the embodiment of a pulverized coal burner according to the invention. In FIG. 2, the parts similar to those in FIG. 1 are represented by the same reference numerals and explanations thereon are omitted.
A pulverized coal burner 5 comprises a nozzle body 6 and a secondary air adjusting device 31. The burner 5 is arranged coaxially of a throat 3 open to the furnace wall 2. The burner 5 is accommodated in a wind box 4.
Secondary air 26 is fed to the wind box 4 by a forced draft fan (not shown). Air volume of the secondary air 26 is controlled by the forced draft fan to control air pressure for the air volume required for combustion.
The nozzle body 6 comprises an outer tube nozzle 8 and an inner tube nozzle 9 coaxially of the nozzle 8. Formed between the nozzles 8 and 9 is a hollow, cylindrical fuel conduction space 10.
The nozzle body 6 has a base extending out of the wind box 4. An outer tube base 8 a communicates with a primary air feed pipe 12. An end of the inner tube nozzle 9 communicates with a downstream end of a tertiary air feed pipe 13 and an upstream end of the pipe 13 communicates with the wind box 4. The primary air feed pipe 12 is connected through a coal pulverizer (not shown) to the forced draft fan (not shown). By the feed pipe 12, primary air 14 carrying the pulverized coal is introduced into the fuel conduction space 10. The tertiary air feed pipe 13 takes in and feeds part of the secondary air 26 into the inner tube nozzle 9.
The wind box 4 is provided, on its side adjacent to the furnace 1, with a secondary air adjusting device 31 coaxially of the front end of the pulverized coal burner 5.
The secondary air adjusting device 31 will be described.
Arranged on a surface of the wind box 4 facing the furnace 1 is an air guide duct 32 coaxially of the outer tube nozzle 8. The air guide duct 32 is substantially tapered with radii reduced toward the furnace 1 and is connected at its front end to the throat 3.
Rotatably arranged in and coaxially of the air guide duct 32 is a movable ring 33 which is formed, at its inner surface, with a required number of movable guide vanes 34 arranged equidistantly of say 90°.
Each of the movable guide vanes 34 comprises a flow guide 35 (see FIG. 4A) extending toward an axis of the pulverized coal burner 5 and arranged along a direction of flow of the secondary air 26 and a flow shutter 36 on an upstream end of and perpendicular to the flow guide 35 (perpendicular to the axis of the pulverized coal burner 5), the movable guide vanes being rotatable integrally with the movable ring 33.
The flow guide 35 comprises a first flow straightener 35 a (see FIG. 4A) in parallel with the axis of the pulverized coal burner 5 and a second flow straightener 35 b (see FIG. 4A) slant to the axis to cause the secondary air 26 to swirl.
The outer tube nozzle 8 is provided, at its front end, with fixed guide vanes 37 of the same number as the movable guide vanes 34 and arranged equidistantly of say 90°.
The fixed guide vanes 37 are substantially similar in shape with movable guide vane 34 and extend radially from the axis of the pulverized coal burner 5. Each of the fixed guide vanes 37 comprises a flow guide 38 (see FIG. 4A) along the direction of flow of the secondary air 26 and a flow shutter 39 on an upstream end of the flow guide 38 perpendicular to the flow guide 38 (perpendicular to the axis of the pulverized coal burner 5). In order not to interfere with rotation of the movable ring 33, outer peripheral ends of the fixed guide vanes 37 are spaced apart from the inner surface of the movable ring 33, and the flow shutters 39 are axially shifted to the flow shutters 36.
Like the movable guide vane 34, the flow guide 38 comprises the first and second flow straighteners 35 a and 35 b.
The movable guide vanes 34 are paired with the fixed guide vanes 37 to provide variable shutters 41 (see FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A and 5B); each of the movable guide vanes 34 and the fixed guide vane 37 of the adjacent variable shutter 41 provide a flow passage 42 (see FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A and 5B).
Arranged at an upstream end of the movable ring 33 is a ring gear 43 which engages with a drive gear 44. The drive gear 44 is connected with a drive shaft 45 which in turn is connected to a motor 47 on a front plate 46 of the drive gear 44.
Rotation of the motor 47 causes the ring gear 43 to turn through the drive shaft 45 and the drive gear 44, so that the movable ring 33 is turned integrally with the ring gear 43.
Thus, the movable and fixed guide vanes 34 and 37 are relatively turned normally/reversely to move toward/away from each other.
FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A and 5B show a relationship between the movable and fixed guide vanes 34 and 37; FIGS. 4A and 5A show the movable and fixed guide vanes 34 and 37 in their closest state to each other and FIGS. 4B and 5B show the movable and fixed guide vanes 34 and 37 in their state most away from each other.
In the closest state of the vanes, each of the flow passages 42 has a maximum cross section and is shut out minimumly by the variable shutters 41. In the state of the vanes most away from each other, each of the flow passages 42 has a minimum cross section and is shut out maximumly by the variable shutters 41.
If a supplied amount of secondary air is the same, flow velocity of the secondary air 26 is low and high in the state of the vanes closest to each other and in the state of the vanes most away from each other, respectively.
Next, a mode of operation of the secondary air adjusting device 31 will be described.
When pulverized fuel such as pulverized coal with relatively less volatile matter, the motor 47 rotates the movable ring 33 to make the movable and fixed guide vanes 34 and 37 close to each other.
This increases the cross sections of the flow passages 42, reduces the flow velocity of the secondary air 26 passing through the flow passages 42 and reduces shut-out areas of the flow passages by the variable shutters 41. A downstream portion of the variable shutter 41 provides a non-flow portion for the secondary air 26 on opposite sides of which the secondary air 26 flows to generate eddies which in turn bring about backflow of hot flue gas so that the furnace gas is brought in from the furnace 1.
The furnace gas, which is hot, heats the pulverized coal injected together with the primary air 14, so that even fuel with less volatile matter is ignited certainly. Thus, even with the pulverized fuel having less volatile matter, ignition is certainly ensured to keep the flames stably. The shut-out areas by the variable shutters 41 are small, so that the eddies are small and an amount of the furnace gas brought in from the furnace 1 is also a little.
When the pulverized fuel with extremely less volatile matter is supplied, the movable ring 33 is turned by the motor 47 through the ring gear 43, so that the movable guide vanes 34 are maximumly separated from the fixed guide vanes 37.
Thus, the flow passages 42 are narrowed and the shut-out areas of the flow passages by the variable shutters 41 are increased. The flow velocity of the secondary air 26 passing through the flow passages 42 is increased to enhance the eddies generating in the secondary air 26 passing on the opposite sides of the variable shutters 41 and the backflow phenomenon of the hot flue gas becomes remarkable. As a result, an amount of the furnace gas brought in from the furnace 1 is increased, so that the pulverized fuel is heated to further high temperature by the furnace gas, which enables ignition of the pulverized fuel with less volatile matter and keeping of the flames after the ignition.
Thus, by adjusting the separated amount between the movable and fixed guide vanes 34 and 37 in the variable shutters 41, optimal combustion state can be obtained with respect to various pulverized fuels with less volatile matter.
In a case where the pulverized fuels supplied have no variations in volatile matter, flow-shutting plates (corresponding to the flow shutters 36 and 39) each with a required area may be arranged circumferentially between the outer tube nozzle 8 and the air guide duct 32 at required intervals.
Means for turning the movable ring 33 or the movable guide vane 34 may be through out variously. For example, a cylinder may be used or position change may be conducted manually.
The movable ring 33 has been described to be rotatably arranged in the air guide duct 32; alternatively, it may rotatably arranged at the front end of the outer tube nozzle 8, the fixed guide vanes 37 being mounted on the air guide duct 32.

Claims

1. A pulverized fuel burner comprising a nozzle body open to a furnace to inject pulverized fuel together with primary combustion air, flow passages for secondary combustion air formed coaxially around said nozzle body and shutters arranged circumferentially along said flow passages and spaced apart from each other at specified intervals, non-flow portions being formed by said shutters for said flow passages to bring about backflow of hot furnace gas.

2. A pulverized fuel burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein occupied areas of said shutters for said flow passages are variable.

3. A pulverized fuel burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein a movable ring is rotatably arranged coaxially of a front end of said nozzle body, said movable ring having movable guide vanes, fixed guide vanes being arranged on the front end of said nozzle body, each of said movable and fixed guide vanes having a shutter perpendicular to an axis of the nozzle, overlapped state of said two shutters being varied by turning said movable ring.

4. A pulverized fuel burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein said nozzle body is accommodated in a wind box, an air guide duct being arranged in said wind box coaxially of a front end of said nozzle body, a movable ring being rotatably arranged at the front end of said nozzle body, said movable ring having movable guide vanes, said air guide duct having fixed guide vanes, each of said movable and fixed guide vanes having a shutter perpendicular to an axis of the nozzle, overlapped state of said two shutters being varied by turning said movable ring.