US1993824A - Magneto-electric machine - Google Patents

Description

Marchl 12,v 1935. J, BHLl E T AL v 1,993,824

menno-ELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Dec. 14. 1952 2 sheets-sheet 1 March l2, 1935. J. Bol-1L! ET AL 1,993,324

MAGNETo-ELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Dec. 14, 1932 24 sheets-sheet 2 Patented Mar. 12, 1935 PATENT OFFICE 1,993,824 MAGNEro-ELno'rmc MACHINE Jakob Bohli and Gottlieb Steiner,

' Solothurn, lSwitzerland Application December 14, 1932, Serial No. 647,205 In Germany December 19, 1931 3 Claims. (Cl. 171-252) This invention relates to a magneto-electric machine designed especially for .use in connection with internal combustion engines and having a stationary armature coil.

In machines of this kind as hitherto known, the armature coil is arranged aside of the rotating member of the device; and the planes in which the windings of the coil are disposed are usually parallel to the axis of rotation. This reo sults in an inconvenient asymmetrical arrangement of such devices, rendering the mounting of said device on the internal combustion engine very diicult. On the other hand, the cross sectionals of iron of the magnetic circuit are considerably limited by the over all dimensions of the device.

The subject of the present invention is a magneto-electric machine, the disadvantages of which are overcome thereby that the axis of the stationary armature coil is provided in the axis of rotation, that the permanent magnet is stationary and axially displaced with respect to the armature coil, that a rotary ilux distributor conducts the ux through the coil core by means of magnetic bars which are parallel to the axis of rotation at the outside of the permanent magnet and set apart from each other by an angle corresponding to the pole pitch, these magnetic bars leading alternatively to the adjacent and remote ends of the armature coil where they are connected to the ends of two star shaped magnetic plates which are set apart from each other by onepole pitch.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the magnetoelectric machine with stationary permanent magnet.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line A-A of Figure 1 viewed in direction of the arrow.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section through a magneto- 40 electric machine with a bell-shaped permanent magnet.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on line B-B of Figure 3 viewed in direction of the arrow.

c Figure 5 is a horizontal section on line C--C 45 of Figure 1 viewed in direction of the arrow.

` In the constructional form shown in Fig. 1 a

represents the bearing bracket of the device for the driving shaft b of the ux distributor c.

The ilux distributor pieces are cast integrally 50 with the flux distributor body. c is the stationary permanent magnet. The latter has for lnstance 6 arms; twovadjacent pole arms have opposite polarities. These polarities are indicated on said arms by the letters N, S. d is the arma- 55 ture coil ceaprising the primary winding e and the secondary winding f. The permanent magnet c is axially displaced with respect to this armature coil d. The armature coil has a hollow laminated iron core g, which is made of sheet iron Wound up in a spiral or consisting of layers of 5 sheet iron. The shaft h extends through this hollow coil core and is iirmlyxed to the ux distributor c'. On the end of this shaft the contact breaker z' for the primary current and the distributor arm for the high-tension current are m disposed. Conducting members Z and m respectively, both in the form of a star, are mounted on the ends o the coil core g insulated suitably from the coil core, disposed at right angles to the axis of this coil core and displaced angularly by one 1:, pole pitch to one another. These conducting bars are laminated .,e. they consist of layers of sheet iron and have, in the present example of a magnetic rotor with 6 poles, three arms each. The ends of the three arms of the conducting member 1 abut upon the three laminated conducting bars n, o, p, which are parallel to the shaft b and cast integrally with the magneto-casing q which is made of insulating material or non-magnetic metal. By casting the conducting bars into insulating material the conditions with respect to eddy current losses are improved i. e. they are smaller than they would be in metal; these conducting bars are equally spaced apart on the side l of the bearing bracket a by means of a ring u of non-magnetic material, which is cast into the insulating material in the case that the housing a is made of insulating material.. This ring is U- shaped, the shorter limb v of which remote from the flange of the bearing bracket a has equally spacedy openings for guiding the conducting bars. This ring u is at the same time adapted to x the magneto housing q to the bearing'bracket a. In the case that the housing q is made of metal, the ring u is not required, and the housing z is direct- 40 ly xed to the bearing support a. In the same Way as for the conducting member Z, the conducting member m of the same shape abuts upon three laminated conducting bars 1', s, t, arranged in parallel to the shaft b and cast into the magneto housing q. fIhe course of the flux is as follows: At' the north poles N of the magnetic wheel c, the magnetic ux enters for example through the flux distributor into the conducting bars, n, -o, p, from there into the conducting member l, through the coil core g into the conducting member m, into the three conducting bars v, s, t, and from thence through the flux distributor into the three south poles S of the magnetic rotor and back to the north pole N of the same. After an angular displacement of the magnetic rotor by one pole pitch, in the present example by one sixth of its circumference, the course of the flux in the coil system is reversed with respect to the one described above.

Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section on line A-A of Figure 1. In particular the arrangement of the flux distributor, the magnetic rotor and the conducting bars n, o, p and r, s, t, respectively can be seen; the latter being parallel lto the axis of rotation. Figure 5 is a horizontal section on line C-C of Figure 1 and shows in particular the conducting members m and l. Another constructional form of the device is shown in Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings. In this case the stationary permanent magnet is bell-shaped and serves at the same time as a bearing for the drive-shaft. The arms of this bell-shaped magnet are cast integrally with the magneto-housing in the same manner as the conducting bars; the iux distributor rotates inside these arms passing the magnet poles and the conducting bars which are parallel to the axis of rotation. An automatic spark ad- Vance is provided between the drive shaft and the iiux distributor to which the drive shaft for the contact breaker and high tension distributor are xed, which are enclosed by a top cap; this drive shaft extends right through the hollow coil core. For the rest, the arrangement corresponds to that ofthe preceding examples.

In the examples of a permanent magnet with six arms as described above, three times the sectional area for conducting the ux through the conducting bars and the star-shaped conducting members is available, as compared with the usual arrangements of this kind. Moreover the concentric arrangement of all the main parts of the magneto allows a completely cylindrical shape of the apparatus, thus rendering the mounting into the internal combustion engine very satisfactory.

We wish it to be understood that we Ado not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious modirespect to said permanent magnet and the axis of winding of which is provided in the axis of rotation, a second flux.conducting member, iiux conducting bars arranged around said permanent.magnet, spaced apart by an angle which corresponds to the angular spacing ofthe magnet arms and one set of these conducting bars leading from said permanent magnet to the arms of one of the two flux conducting members which are displaced `from one another in the direction of rotation as the angular spacing of the magnet arms, the second set of these conducting bars leading to the arms of the second flux conducting member, a coil core, said flux conducting bars,

said two, ux conducting members and the coil coreA being in contacting connection with each other and adapted to conduct the flux furnished by said stationary permanent magnet and disby ymeans of said flux distributor through said armature coil, a bearing bracket for said drive shaft, a ring of non-magnetic metal, a magnetohousing proper, a top cap, said ring being adapted to provide an equal spacing of said flux conducting bars and adapted to ilx said magneto-housing to said bearing bracket.

2. In a magneto-electric machine, in combination a flux distributor, a drive shaft for the latter, a stationary permanent magnet, magnet arms equally spaced apart and integral with the latter, a flux conducting member, flux conducting arms equally spaced apart by an angle corresponding to twice the angular spacing `of the magnet arms and integral with the conducting member, an armature coil axially displaced with respect to said permanent magnet and the axis of winding of which is provided in the axis of rotation, a second flux conducting member, flux conducting bars arrangedaround said permanent magnet, spaced apart by an angle which corresponds to the angular spacing of the mag:1 net arms and one set of these conducting bars leading from' said ,permanent magnet to the arms of one of the two flux conducting members which are displaced from one another in the direction of rotation as the angular spacing of the magnet arms, the second set of these conducting bars leading to the arms of the second flux conducting member, a coil core, said fluxconducting bars, said two flux conducting members and the coil core being in contacting connection with each other and adapted to conduct the iiux furnished by said stationary permanent magnet and distributed to the two sets of flux conducting bars by means of said flux distributor through said armature coil, a bearing bracket for said drive shaft, a ring of nonmagnetic metal, a magneto-housing proper made of nonmagnetic material, a contact breaker, a high 4tension distributor, a top cap, said ring being firmly held in the material of said magneto-housing and being U-shaped in cross-section, having uneven lengths of limb, the shorter limb of which has equally spaced openings for guiding the fluxconducting bars which are iirmly held in the material of said magneto-housing whilst. the longer limb of said ring is adapted to x said magneto-housing proper to said bearing bracket,` a drive shaft for saidcontact breaker and said high tension distributor being' xed to said flux distributor and extending right through the hollow coil core and the iiux conducting members, said top cap enclosing said contact breaker and said high tension distributor.

3. In a magneto-electric machine, in combi-,- nation a flux distributor, a drive shaft for the latter', a stationary bell-shaped permanent magnet, magnet arms equally spaced apart and integral with the latter, a viiux conducting member,

ux conducting arms equally spaced apart by an angle corresponding to/twice the angular spacing of themagnet arms and integral with the conducting member, an armature coll'axially displaced With respect to said permanent magnet and the axis of winding of which is provided in the axis of rotation, a second flux conducting l member, flux conducting bars arranged around said permanent magnet, spaced apart by an angle which corresponds to the angular spacing of conducting bars leading to the arms of the second flux conducting member, a. coil core, said ilux conducting bars, said two flux conducting membersv and the coil core being in contacting connection with each other and adapted to cona drive shaft for said contact breaker and said high tension distributor being xed t0 said iix distributor and extending right through the hollow coil core and the flux conducting members, said top cap enclosing said contact breaker and said high tension distributor, a bearing bracket .for said drive shaft, a ring oi.' non-magnetic metal rmly held in the material of said magneto-housing and U-shaped in cross-section, having uneven lengths of limb, the shorter limb of which has equally spaced openings for guid-- ing the flux conducting bars, which are firmly held in the 1material of said magneto-housing, whilst the longer limb of said ring is adapted to x said magneto housing proper to said bearing bracket.

JAKOB BOHLI. GOT'I'LIEB STEINER.

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