US1955120A - Tip for cutting torches - Google Patents

Description

5` 9 0 xxw April 17,; 1934. A. J. FAUSEK m AL TIP FOR CUT'IIIQNG TORCHES Filed July 22, 1929l Patented pr. 17, 19311,.

TIP Fon CUTTING 'roaclms VArthur J. Fausek and Irwing F. Fausek,

St. Louis, Mo.

Application July 22, 1929, Serial No. 380,231

6 Claims. (Cl. 158-237.*1)

invention relates generally to metal cut--y ting apparatus and more specifically to that type of metal cutting apparatus with which burning gas is used for performing the cutting operations, the predominant object of the invention being to produce an improved tip for a metal cutting torch of the gas burning type, which isso constructed that hydrocarbon gases may be efficiently employed as fuel gases in the use of such cutting torches.-l

It has recently become quite desirable to employ hydrocarbon gases, such for instance as propane (C3 H8), als fuel gas in the use of gas burning cutting torches, instead of acetylene and other gases formerly employed, but buecause of certain characteristics of these hydrocarbon gases it has been found that eilicient use may not be made thereof in the operation of cutting torches when torch tips are employed, of the type used with cutting torches burning acetylene and other gases heretofore used as the fuel gases.

An important characteristic of the hydrocarbon gases referred to when compared with acetylene, for instance, resides in the fact that the rflame temperature. of a combustible mixture which includes hydrocarbon gases as an element thereof is substantially lower than the flame temperature o! a combustible mixture which includes acetylene. Because of this fact it is necessary to concentrate the heat ofthe hydrocarbon flame at a given point so that the required heat may be present to enable the hydrocarbon flame to eiilciently perform the cutting operation. Also because of the lower flame temperature of a combustible mixture which includes hydrocarbon gases, the tip orifices through which the combustible mixture passes must be larger than tip orifices through which acetylene would pass. This arrangement of increasing the diameters of theorifices results in the passage through said vof the preheating flames is concentrated at a' given point, and increasing the diametersiof said passageways so that a greater volume of gas will pass therethrough than heretofore in the case oi' tips employed when acetylene was used as the fuel gas.

Figure 1 is an enlarged section through our improved tip.

Figure 2 is a section of the body portion of the improved tip. l

Figure 3 is a section of the element which provides the discharge end of the tip.

Figure 4 is a cross-section on line 4-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary View partly in side elevation and partly in section showing our tip applied to a cutting torch.

Figure 6 shows a modifiedv form of our tip.

In the drawing, wherein is shown for the purpose of illustration, merely, one embodiment of the invention, A designates our improved cutting tip which comprises a body portion B and a separable element C arranged at the outer end of the body portion B and providing the discharge end of the tip. The body portion B is provided with a screwthreaded stem 1 at its upper end at the lower end of which a fiange 2 is arranged which pro` vides a shoulder 3. Extendeddownwardly from the lower end cf the body portion B is a second h stem 4, the last mentioned stem being of less diameter than the stem 1 and having a smooth outer face. At a point immediately adjacent to the inner end of the stem 4 the body portion B of the tip A is provided with screwthreads 5 which are intended for a purpose to be hereinafter set forth. Formed through the body portion B and stem 4- is a central gas passageway 6 for the cutting jet of the torch, said gas passageway preferably be.- ing of'reduced diameter for a portion of its length at a point adjacent to the lower end of the stem 4 as designated by the reference character 7. Extended diagonally through the body portion B from the shoulder 3 to the bottom face 8 thereof is a plurality of passageways 9for the gas which provides the preheating flame of the torch with which the tip A is associated. The passageways 9 are preferably formed in a circular row about the central passageway 6.

The element C of our improved tip is preferably tubular in cross-section and is provided at its upper end with a screwthreaded opening 10 and said element is attached to the body portion B by having the portion of said body portion which is provided with the screwthreads 5 screwed into said screwthreaded opening 1'0, said parts being screwed together until the shoulder 11* of the body portion contacts with the top face of the element C as shown in Figure 1, at which time the bottom face 8 of the bodyportion will be substantially alined with the bottom of the screwthreaded opening' 10.

vided with a wall 12 which is of substantial thick-A ness and said wall 12 is provided with a vertically extended centrally disposed opening 13 through l which the stem 4 of the body portion B extends. A's shown clearly in Figure 1 the bottom face of the stem 4 and the bottom face of the element C are substantially flush with each other. By referring to Figure 1 of the drawing it will be noted when the element C is attached to the body portion B that a chamber 14 is provided within said element C, said chamber being defined by the inner race of the side wall of the element C and by the face 8 of the body portion at the top of said chamber and by the top face of the wall 12 of the element C at the bottom of the chamber.

15 designates gas passageways formed in the bottom wall 12 of the element C, said gas passageways providing conduits for gas which provide the preheating ilames of the torch and preferably being formed in a circular row around the -central,passageway 6.r 'Ihe passageways 15 are formed at ai substantial angle with respect to the axis of the tip A, this angle being within a range extended from 13 to 20 with respect to said axis, and said gas passageways 15 being arranged at an angle with respect to the gas passageways 9. At the lower end oi each of the passageways 15 the wall 12 of the element C is provided with a depression 16 which serves to protect the inner end of the preheating name issuing from said passageway i'romcold air currents which may tend to distort said flame. By employing the separable element- C we are enabled to arrange the lower portions of the preheating holes at a substantial angle without unduly increasing the diameter of the tip. In the use of a cutting -torch provided with our improved tilhgas providing the preheating ilames from the torch into and through the passageways 9 in the body portion B ofthe tip A, said `gas being discharged from the passageways A9 into the'cliamber 14. This preheating gas then from the chamber 14 through the passagecharge end of said passageways to produce the preheating names. 1 i The inclination of the preheating gas passageways is of the essence ofthe present invention inasmuch as without properly inclined preheating eways hydrocarbon gases may not be rei'- fl'ciently used for metal cutting purposes. These gas ways 15 as shown in the drawing are formed on an angle which is precisely 18 with respect to the axis of the tip A, and for a tip of the size of the one illustrated suchan arrangement of the passageways 15 results in the maximum efnciency. However, very good results are obtained when the angle of the passageways is slightly less or more than 18 and after long experimentation lt'has been- Ydetermined that for tips of various sim the angle of the preheating gas passageways may. be from 13 to 20 with respect to the axis of the tip.

The angle of the gas` passageways 15 causes the preheating flames issuing from said passageways to converge to a predetermined point, which point is designated in Figure 5 by the reference character P,.and because of such convergence of said llames the heat thereof is concentrated at the point P. The distance fromthe end of the tip to the point P dennes the flame length of the preheating i'iames and because the passageways 15 are arranged at an angle with respect to the 1I .gis of tip within the range referred to above ways 15 and is burned on issuing from the disthere will be no breaking up or distortion of the flame at the point P, hence, the maximum heat will be concentrated at said point to eillciently perform the cutting operation. As will be seen by referring to Figure 5 the preheating flames F merge with the cutting jet J at the point P and because of the angle at which the gas passageways 15 are formed there is no breaking up or spreading of jet vJ and iiames F hence the torch will function with the maximum eillciency.

Due to the fact that the lower flame temperature when hydrocarbon gases are burned necessitates a greater volume of gas being passed through the gas passageways of the tip these passageways in our improved tip are of greater diameter than standard practice in connection with the manufacture of tips used for burning acetylene and other gases employed heretofore.

In Figure 6 we illustrate a modified form of the invention in accordance with which a single annular depression 16' is employed, in which the discharge ends of the gas passageways 15 are disposed.

We claim:

l. A tip for cutting torches comprising a body 100 portion provided with a central gas passageway extended axiallyy therethrough, gas conduits formed longitudinally through said body portion through which gases for providing preheating flames iiow, a separable element attached to said body portion at the discharge end of the tip, and gas conduits formed `in said separable element, the last mentioned gas conduits being complementary to the rlrst mentioned gas conduits and being arranged at an angle with respect to 110 the central gas passageway and atan angle with respect to the first mentioned gas conduits.

2. A tip for cutting torches comprising a. body portion provided with a central gas passageway extended axially therethrough, gas conduits 115 formed longitudinally through saidv body portion through which gases for providing preheating flames iiow, a separable element attached to said body portion at the discharge'end of the tip and gas conduits formed in said separable element, 120 the last mentioned gasconduits being complementary to the rst mentioned gas conduits and being arranged at an angle oi from thirteen to twenty degrees with Vrespect to the central gas passageway and at an angle with respect to the'125 first mentioned gas conduits.

3. A tip for cutting torches comprising a body portion provided with a central gas passageway extended axially therethrough, gas conduits formed longitudinally through said body portionthrough which gases for providing preheating flames flow, a separable element attached to said body portion at the discharge end of the tip, gas conduits formed in said separable element, the last mentioned gas conduits being comple-135 mentary to the rst mentioned gas conduits nd being arranged at an angle with respect to the central gas passageway and at an angle with 'respect to the iirst mentioned gas conduits, and a chamber within the tip interposed between the first mentioned gas conduits and the second mentioned gas conduits. Y

4. A tip for cutting torches comprising a body portion provided with acentral gas passageway extended axially therethrough, gas conduits formed longitudinally through said body portion through which gases for providing preheating flames ow, a separable element attached to said body portion at the discharge end of the tip, gas conduits formed in said separable element, the last mentioned gas conduits being complementary to f the iirst mentioned Agas conduits and being arranged at an angle of from thirteen to twenty degrees with respect to the central gas passageway and at an angle withv respect to the ilrst mentioned gas conduits, and a chamber within 4 the tip interposed between the irst mentioned gas mentary to the first mentioned gas conduits and being arranged at an angle with respect 'to the central gas passagewayand at an angle with respect to the rst mentioned gas conduits.

6. A tip for cutting torches and the like comprising an element provided with a central gas passageway extended axially through the tip, gas conduits formed longitudinally through said element through which gases for providing preheating flames ow, said gas conduits at the discharge end portion oi? the tip being formed at an angle of from thirteen to twenty degrees with respect to the central gas passageway, and said discharge end portion ofthe tip' being in the form ofa onepiece integral structure' through which portions of said gas conduits extend.

ARTHUR J. FAUsEK. l IRWING F, mosaic.

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