US1896594A - Wrinkle coating - Google Patents

Description

` .F9-b. 1, 1933. F. B. ROOT 1,996,594

WRINKLE COATING Filed March "7, 1929 FgLE.

FRANK BRIAN 300212,01' EAST Patented Feb. 7, 1933 UNITED vvSTATI-:s PATENT OFFICE ORANGE, enmarcar. company, or NEW WRINKLE Application led March 7,

This invention relates to varnishes and enamels and methods of utilizing such compositions and particularly to compositions of this character which' result in the production of the so-called wrinkled finishes, as well as to articles carrying such finishes.

.In U. S, Patent N o. 1,639,892 to Frank B. Root, granted October 30, 1928, there was disclosed for the first time in the art the production of wrinkling finishes and compositions to be used therefor together with processes of producing Qsuch finishes on articles of manufacture. This patent represents a wide departure from the prior art. In that prior art, considering the production of continuous surface' finishes, attempts were always made to attain a substantially smooth surface and .irregularities of surface finish were avoided, the efforts being directed to the production'of smooth finishes.' The production of wrinkle finishes, satisfactorlly controlled so that the desired effects could be produced, was-taught to the art for the first time in that patent.

-For the purposes outlined in that patent,

it is set forth that drying oils are an essential v. characteristic of the wrinkling finish varmshes and compositions. Among the dryin oils mentioned in that patent'and suggeste or these purposes are linseed oil, perilla oil, and China-wood oil, particularly preoxidized China-wood oil, the blown product being emphasized as giving a very desirable effect.

As explained in that patent, when the surface is coated with a varnish of the desired composition and exposed to drying conditions advantageouslyi at an elevated temperature, a wrinkle-finish\of pleasing and attractive appearance results. The wrinkling seems to be due to rapid oxidation of the surface of the applied film forming a skin over the less oxidized material on the interior of the' film, the surface skin increasing in volume and expanding laterally and the less oxidized material on the interiorv of the film y being of lower viscosity, flowing into the fold produced by expansion of, the surface skin.

The general effect is that of the level surface carrying ridges projecting therefrom and running more or less irregularly over the `is the production of treated drying oils, oil.

NEW JERSEY, ABSIGNOR T0 CHADELOID YORK, N. .A CORPORATION 0F WEST VIBG'IN'IA.V

comme 1929. serial No. 345,205.

patent an important best wrinkling tendencies under different conditions.

One of the objects of the present invention wrinkle finishes with unspecifically China-wood A further object of this invention is the production of such wrinkle finishes with unblown drying oils such as China-wood oil as ornamental finishes on articles of manufacure.

O ther and further objects and advantages will appear from the more detailed description set forth below, it bein understood however that this more detai ed description is given by way of illustration only, and not by Way of limitation, since various4 changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the 'scope and spirit of the present invention. Y

I n connection with that more detailed descrlption there isshown in the accompanyingdrawing, in

Figure 1, a plan view of apanel carrying the wrinkle Yfinishof the present invention; and in Figure 2, a cross section of such panel enlarged in size to show more clearly the wrinklesiof rugosities of the surface. For producing the desired effect, compositions are chosen which under proper conditions for drying or baking the finish coated article, develop the particular effect herein denominated wrinkle finish. As stated, an important component of such compositions, is a dr ing oil. An investigation of the various drying oils thatare available shows that the conditions under which these drying oils give the best results varies with the particular drying oil being utilized. The more common y used drying oils are linseed oil, perilla oil, and China-wood oil. The less common drylng oils include chia, citicica,

Walnut, poppy-seed, sunflower, candle nut, lumbang, hempseed, fish, etc. The oils which may be used in the production of wrinkle finishes may be generically referred to as wrinkling oils.

The production of Wrinkle finishes with drying oils may be separated into two groups, first the use of oxidized or preoxidized or blown oils, and second the use of unblown or untreated oils. In general it may be said that the use of blown or otherwise oxidized oils give highly satisfactory results. IVith the untreated or unoxidized or unblown oils, China-wood oil stands out as more or less unique. Unblown perilla oil and linseed oil are, relatively weak in their wrinkling power while unblown or unoxidized China-wood oil exhibits a stronger wrinlding power than even the blown forms of linseed oil and perilla oil. China-wood oil may be said to be the best of the unblown oils for the production of wrinkling finishes. Experimental comparisons of the relative activity of the wrinkling oils in wrinkling finishes may be expressed in a series as follows: blown Chinawood oil 5; raw China-wood oil 61/2 blown perilla oil S; and blown linseed oil l2. This series expresses the fact that the oil bearing the lowest number is the most powerful, and the order of the oils in their wrinkling acti\' ity decreases as the series rises.

Further comparison of the several oils in relation to the resin content of the composi tion when such resin is of the wrinkling tinish type to be further defined below, shows that for the production of the best results with such oil-resin compositions, there is a difference in the oil-resin ratios. The more active oils may be used in a smaller ratio as compared with the resin content, than can be less active oils.

As illustrative of the conclusions set forth in the preceding paragraph the following may be noted. With blown China-wood oil the best appearance of the finish is obtained when the ratio of oil to resin is approximately from 6 to 18 gallons of oil to 100 lbs. of resin. For untreated China-Wood oil the ratio is approximately from 8 to 25 gallons of oil to 100 lbs. of resin. For blown perilla oil the best ratios are from 10 to 3() gallons of oil to 100 lbs. of resin while for linseed oil (blown) the best results are obtained with ratios from 14 to 35 gallons of oil to 100 lbs. of resin. Here again, the difference between the oils is illustrated, and it is a remarkable and noteworthy fact that China-wood oil lies in activity between the most active oil name ly blown China-wood oil, and the other blown oils linseed and perilla. This fact also differentiates the unique character of raw Chinawood oil in these finishes.

There is another feature that serves to distinguish raw China-wood oil from the blown or oxidized oils. AOther factors being the same except for variation in the oil utilized, it has been found that when the drying or baking properties of the compositions containing the several oils are compared, raw or untreated China-wood oil requires approximately ten percent longer drying or heating at a given temperature for the production of a comparable effect as compared with blo wn lChina-wood oil while blown perilla oil and blown linseed oil require from twenty to twenty-five percent longer time treatment than does blown China-wood oil.

Without more, therefore, the above considerations are believed to show incontrovertibly that in the production of wrinkle finishes raw or untreated China-wood oil occupies a unique position.

IVhile specific drying oils are mentioned above, it is understood that mixtures of the various drying oils having \\'rinkling properties may be used in the production of satisfactory wrinkle finishes, the range of propon tions when mixtures are used being the arithmetical mean of the ranges of the oils when used without admixture of other wrinkling oils. And while a varnish or other composition to be used to produce a wrinkle finish must contain a substantial proportion of a wrinkling oil, adniixtures ol` the non-wrinkling oils may be used so long as the amount of the latter is not suflieient to eliminate the desired wrinkle effect in the finish obtained. In general it may be stated that in such admixtures, for the best effects, not less than half of the oil mixture should be a wrinkling oil. For example, two or more wrinkling oils and two or more non wrinkling oils may be mixed and a varnish produced therefrom with the addition of the resin, drier and thinner. In such case the sum of the amounts of all of the wrinkling oils present should be desirably at least onehalf of the total oil in the composition. Among the non-wrinkling oils there may be mentioned specifically soya bean oil, and other semi-drying or non-drying oils such as cotton-seed, corn, castor, rape-seed. rubberseed, olein, etc. Such non-wrinkling oils may be either the raw oils, the blown oils, the boiled oils, or otherwise treated oils.

Of the resins usable in the production of wrinkle finishes which resins may be generically referred to as wrinkling finish resins, the following may be noted Congo, kauri, damar, Cumar, pontianak, manila, Zanzibar, elemi, mastic, phenol-formaldehyde resins particularly those of theoil soluble variety. glycerol-phthalic condensation products and particularly the oil soluble varieties, paracoumarone, Congo ester, rosin ester, and mixtures of these resins and their esters.

Certain substances exhibit a tendency to inhibit the wrinkling effect. Among such -substances there may be noted pyroxylin,

nitrocellulose, gilsonite, and resin. These wrinkle inhibiting substances should therefore not be used in any proportion in the composition which would prevent the desired development of wrinkles in the finish; although the may bepresent in lesser proportions an to obtain particular effects. Such wrinkle vinhibiting substances when used in small amounts have a tendency to produce very fine wrinkles while in large amounts they may completely eliminate the wrinkling effect. Rosin' if Aused in large amount, also tends to produce irregularities in the size and in the interval between wrinkles in the resulting finish. The application'of these wrinkle inhibiting substances to limited areas of the surface on -which the wrinkle iinishesare to be developed, is an expedient that may be used to modify the wrinkle effect at those particular areas. Rosin for example may be used in this inanner.

Solvents or thinners are not a main factor since any moderately volatile solvent can be of two or more thinning components. The

low boiling thinner evaporates more quickly from the varnish or enamel film, romotes the rapid formation of a surface s n, and

during drying `assists in maintaining a greater difi'erentialbetween the degree of oxidation of the surface skin and the oil within the film. When the finish is dried at elevated temperatures, the use-of ylow boiling thinners also assists in eliminating any tendency toward sagging of the finish during the drying, operation. The following are illustrative of the thinners and solvents that may be used: light naphtha, toluol, benzol, petroleum ether or ligroin (benzine), acetone, carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, etc., and mixtures of these materials. To Some extent, the character of the finish may be varied by the quantity and character of the thinner used. More proynounced wrinkles are produced with compositions containing the lower boiling thinners, but high boiling thinners such as turpentine may also be used. While in the examples given below for illustrative purposes, the use of thelow boiling thinners 1s set forth, this; is4 not to be taken as a limitation for the reasons .set forth above.

Driers and drier combinations are also an important element in the composition since the wrinkled eie'ctappears to be somewhat determined by the rate Tof oxidation of the wrinkling oil. j Suc-'h dris ascobalt acetate, red lead, manganese .f'brate, vlead linoleate, etc., used alone or'ih" admixture with each other or with other driers `and u'iaterials are illustrative. Y

A number of examples of'compositions that may be used in production of wrinkle finishes in accordance with the present disclosure are .set forth below.

Example 1 100 lbs. Congo 4 lbs. rosin 31/2 lbs. red lead 2 lbs. manganese oxide' 10 gals. wood oil l0 gals. light naphtha 32 gals. toluol fIhis example illustrates a 10 gal. varnish using unblown China-wood oil, and the wrinkling effect obtained is very good.

Example Z 100 lbs. Congo' 4 lbs. red lead 2 lbs. manganese berate 71/2 gals. China-wood oil 5 gals. blown linseed oil 5 gals. light naphtha 20 gals. toluol Example 3 100 lbs. Congo 4 lbs. red lead 2 lbs. manganese b'orate 7% gals. China-wood oil 5 gals. boiled'linseedoil 5 gals. light naphtha 20 gals. toluol Example 3 illustrates the use of boiled linseed oilin lieu vof the blown' linseed oil of Example 2 the wood oil being unblown. A

good wrinkling effect is obtained although the wrinkles are somewhat coarserthan with the composition of Example 2 due to the more pronounced wrinkling character of blown linseed oil as compared with boiled linseed This mixture of unblown China-wood oil land blown perilla oil makes a 'good wrinkling varnish. Boiled perilla oil may be substituted for the blown perillaoil to yieldrequire but 10% longer treatment than blown.

a satisfactory wrinkling combination, although slightly coarser wrinkles result.

E'ample 5 lbs. Congo lbs. rosin lbs. red lead lb. manganese borate gals. China-wood oil gals. blown wood oil gals. blown soya bean oil 5 gals. light naphtha 17 gals. toluol This varnish contains blown semi-drying oil which is of the non-wrinkling type. The effect obtained upon baking is fairly coarse. The baked film is quite elastic. The soya bean oil of this composition may be substituted by othersemior non-drying oils. For example raw soya bean oil gives asimilar effect and a flexible film.

In producing the improved wrinkled finish of this invention, it is advantageous to dry or bake the applied finish of varnish` or enamel, preferably at an elevated temperature depending on the type of article being treated. For lnetal and related surfaces the temperatures may range from 150 F. to 450 F., while for wood and related materials, the temperature range may be from 120 F. to 140 F. These temperatures are merely illustrative. At elevated temperatures ra id oxidation of the surface of the applied lm is promoted and any tendency toward diffusion of oxidation products from the surface into the interior of the film is lessened. In general, drying at elevated temperatures accentuates the wrinkling and assists in providing a harder finish. As an illustration of the relation between the drying periods and temperatures of drying or baking to produce satisfactory wrinkle finishes the following are'given. With compositions that give satisfactory effects by five hour treatment at 180 F. similar treatment for three hours at 200 F., or two hours at 250* F., or one and one-half hours at 300 F., and approximately three-fourths of an hour at 400 F., may be used. As stated above, the wrinkling finish composition containing wrinkling oils of the perilla-linseed type require from 20 to 25% longer heat treatment at the same temperature as do similar compositions utilizing blown wood oil, while the compositions utilizing unblown wood oil 4 la a 21.1. 61/2 wood oil.

Increase in the amount of oil in the compositions results in Wrinkling at lower temperatures and hence when lower temperatures are to be used in connection with for example, wood and related articles, the compositions may desirably contain more oil. Further as -illustrated by Example 5 above, the higher oil content gives increasedelasticity and flexibility so that long oil compositions are particularly desirable for use on metal stamping, or on leather, paper, cloth, rubber, etc.

There have been given above a number of considerations directed to types of composition and baking temperatures which affect the character of the wrinkles produced in the finish. Other factors however may also be utilized to modify the type of' wrinkled effect obtained. For example the thickness of the applied film will result in differences in the wrinkle effect. v Thinner films give finer wrinkles, while thicker films yield coarser wrinkles. When spraying is used to apply the composition, spray nozzles giving coarse atomization give greater deposition of composition and consequently coarser wrinkles, while on the other hand, spray nozzles of finer atomization give thinner films with finer wrinkles.

For the production of wrinkle finishes having a textured effect by the production of aC- centuated rugosites at certain points or areas in the finish, the article to be treated may desirably be coated with a relatively heavy coating of the desired com iosit-ion and baked in an inclined position wl ich inclined position may vary from a small angle to the horizontal to a vertical position.

The incline of the surface of the article bearing the coating produces a flowing or movement of the wrinkle finish coating after it is applied and at or about the time when the baking commences and before the baking has caused the setting of the finish to take place to an extent where such movement or flowing would be precluded. The effect of such treatment is to roduce waves or areas of accentuated rugoslties or wrinkles in the more uniformly developed wrinkled finish. Curtain and sag effects are thus produced, and China-wood oil compositions are particularly adapted to the production of the so-called pine-tree effects in which the accentuated rugosities at a particular point appear to radiate more or less from a limited area and to spread outwardly and downwardly from the pointI where the accentuated rugosity first appears in the finish during the baking operat-ion. The flowing or movement of the wrinkled coating after it is applied which results in the accentuated effects noted above, may be accomplished in other ways than merel by gravity due to the position of the work. For example air currents or other flowing methods may be used.

When gang sprays are used to apply the composition, at certain points the atomization may be made coarser to produce heavier or thicker layers at these points resulting in coarser wrinkles in such thicker layers. Accentuated rugosities distributed in the more. uniformly wrmkled finishes may be produced in this manner.

The wrinkle finishes are characterized by hiding quality is used in more or less the` same meaning that the expression covering power is used in the paint art. It is a remarkable thing for example that a single coat of unpigmented Wrinkle finish may be applied to a brightmetal surface andthe resulting finish will completely mask the metal surface. Prior art paint compositions on the other hand invariably require at least several coats in order to secure a comparable vhiding effect. The application for example of a single coat of Wrinkle finish to a bright metal surface which is silvery in color or appearance, results in a brass or bronze appearing Wrinkle finish. The exact brass-or bronze effect can be varied by increase or decrease in the temperature at which the baking is effected.

The drawing illustrates the. more or less uniformly distributed Wrinkle finish that may be obtained with the present invention.

yThe coating B carried by .the panelA, pre'- sents a rugose'or wrinkled surface, in Which the Adistribution of wrinkles is not regular, but the Wrinkles are more or less uniformly distributed over the entire surface.

The baked or dried finishes of the present invention are particularly resistant to softening by lacquer compositions or the solvents used in such compositions, so that although the rugose surfaceaffords a very extensive area for the action of Such solvents or lacquers e. nitrocellulose lacquers), the baking creates a resistance to such softening action.

Consequently, the wrinkle finishes and compositions used for producing such coatings are particularly desirable as undercoats Where a Wrinkle effect is desired, and such coats may then be'giveii one or more coats of pyroxylin enamels, oil enamels, or baking When wrinkle finish which have a tendency to change or to darken under the action of elevated temperatures, these finishes may be coated with pyroxylin lacquer compositions.

While certain theoretical consider-ations have been set forth above in an attempt to explain ,some of the effects obtained, it should be understood that this invention is not limited by such theoretical considerations because the compositions and methods discussed aboveenable the results herein disclosed to a be obtained, and the exact interpretation of the reasons for these results is of little moy ment. It is sufficient that the extremely 'novel and highly ornamental effects may be pigments are used in thev resin, drier and thinner in proportions to yield a Wrinkle finish when dried. A

2. A Wrinkle finish composition as set forth in claim 1 containing an additional Wrinkling oil as well as untreated Chinawood oil. v

3. A Wrinkle finish composition as sel'. forth in claim 1 containing a non-Wi'inkling oil in an amount insuiiicient to prevent the desired Wrinkle finish.

4.. A composition as set forth in claim l in Which the ratio of oil to 'resin is from 8 to 25 gallons of oil to 100 lbs. of resin.

5. An article of manufacture carrying a coating resulting from the composition of claim 1. 6. An article of manufacture carrying a coating' resulting from thc composition of claiin 1 in Which the ratio of oil to resin is from 8 to 25 gallons of oil to 100vpounds of resin and containing oil in an amount suflicient to give the coating substantial fiexibility. A

7. An article of manufacture carrying a baked coating resulting' from the composition of claim 1.

8. An article of manufacture carrying a ybaked coating resulting from the composition of claim 1, the coating exhibiting areas of accentuated rugosities.

9. An article of manufacture carrying a relatively thin coating resulting from the composition of claim 1, said coating exhibiting fine Wrinkles.

- 10. An article of manufacture carrying a relatively heavy coating resulting from the composition of claim 1, said coating exhibit- Y quer composition.y

13. T-he process of producing vvrinkling finishes on articles lof manufacture Which-y comprises applying thereto a Wrinkling finish composition as set forth in claim 1, and drying the coating at a temperature Which produces a Wrinklev finish.

14. The process of producing wrinkling finishes on articles of manufacture which comprises applying thereto a Wrinkling finish composition as set forth in claimV 1, in which the ratio of oil to resin is from 8 to 25 gallons of oil to 100 pounds of resin and drying the coating at a temperature of from F'. to 450 F'.

15. The process of producing wrinkling finishes on articles of manufacture which comprises applying thereto a wrinkling finish compos1tion as set forth in claim 1, and baking the coating under conditions to produce a wrinkle iimsh carrying accentuated ru osities.

16. T e process of producing finishes on articles of manufacture which comprises applying thereto the composition of claim 1, in which the ratio of oil to resin is from 8 to 25 gallons of oil to 100 ounds of resin baking the coating, and app ying thereover, a nitrocellulose lacquer composition.

17. An article of manufacture carrying a coating comprising an undercoat of a raw China-wood oil wrinkle lfinish composition, and a protecting overcoat on the wrinkled undercoat.

18. A Wrinkle finish composition comprising raw China-wood oil and a non-wrinkllng oil, the proportion of the latter being insuficient to prevent substantial wrinkling of the composition when dried on a surface coated therewith.

19. An article of manufacture carrying a wrinkled coating of araw China-woodl oil wrinkle finish composition.

20. An article of manufacture carrying a wrinkled coating of a raw AChina-wood oil wrinkle finish composition containing a nonwrinkling oil in an amount insufficient to prevent substantial wrinkling of the coating composition, but sufficient to yield increased flexibility to the coating.

21. An article of manufacture carrying a raw China-wood oil wrinkle finish composition including a non-wrinkling oil, the latter being present in an amount insufficient to prevent substantial wrinkling in the coating, and a protecting overcoat on the wrinkled coating.

22. An improved'varnish orl enamel composition for producing wrinkled nishes comprising China-wood oil and a resin, a drier and a thinner in proportions to yield a wrinkled finish upon dr ing.

23. The process of pro ucing coatingson articles of manufacture which comprises applying'to the surface of such article a dryin oil com osition adapted upon baking to iel a wrin led finish coatin, andthen ba 'ng the coated article to produce a' wrinkled finish coating.

24. The process of producing coatings on articles of manufacture which comprises apto yield a wrinkled finish coating, and then baking the coated article to produce a wrinkled finish coating.

26. The process of producing coatings on articles of manufacture which comprises applying to the surface of such articles a composition containing oxidized China-wood oil adapted upon baking to yield a wrinkled finish coating, and then baking the coated article to produce a wrinkled finish coating.

27 The process of producing coatings on articles of manufacture which comprises applying to the surface of such articles a thick film of a drying oil composition adapted upon baking to yield a coarsely wrinkled finish coating, and then baking the coated article to produce a coarsely wrinkled finish coating.

28. The process of producing coatings on articles of manufacture which comprises applying to the surface lof such articles a thin film of a drying oil composition adapted upon baking to yield a finely wrinkled finish coating, and then bakin the coated article to produce a finely wrin led finish coating.

FRANK BRIAN ROOT.

plying to the Isurface of such articles a blown drying oil composition adapted upon baking to yield a wrinkled finish coating, and then bakin the coated article to produce a wrin- Y kled nish coating.

25. The process of producing coatings on articles of manufacture which comprises apl plying to the surface of such articles a Chinawood oil composition adapted upon baking

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