US1841251A - Cable tool - Google Patents

Description

Jan. l2, 1932. K. w. MILLER 1,841,251

CABLE TOOL Filedmarch 20, 1926 5 sheet-sheet 1 G l uit lill Jan. l2, 1932. K. w. MILLER CABLE TL Filed March 2C, 1926 I5 SheetS-Seer. 2

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Q 76 MAM Jan. lf2, 1932.

K. w. MILLER 1,841,251

`CABLE TooL Filed March 20, 1926 B Sheets-Sheet 5 A i m gli ' e HMO/1% W /f @Mm ,nimm

'12D underlying insulation.

Patented Jam.` 12, 1932v UNITED STATES:

l KENNETH W-MILI-E. or'V Cameo; eI-'mois ,1.

n 735 `Anobje'ct7 ofthisinventionQ-isto .produce 'a simple; rugged, ineXfpensive tool, with which ai workman can without special Skilli'duick'lyv and neatly sever the metal sheafthsurrounding such? conductors without Several' advantageous features'ofi the Y' pre; ferredffo'rm of this inventionare'aas follows:"

T25 eter ofthe -ca'blal vIt'` lalso adjustable" as to the *varying thicknesses of 'lathe sheath. Springme'ans is incorporated in the present invention toenablejthe cutter to lentav groove Y A of uniform depth' in thesheath'regardless of 30 the deformities of variations vin the surface of such sheath-and 'regardless of the Ycable being' `vsomewhat fout of" round. Thetool can be operated on cablewith a very small clearance-'between itiand adjacent cables. or between the wall and other obstructions'f" Other objects and advantages, as vwell as a plurality of' moditicationsA will appear more fully-in the following detailed description-which is supplemented by ther-accom'- pa'nying drawings, inwhich likeqreference numeralsv indicate" identical` parts throughout, and in whichffA l" 1i i Fig. l is an elevationl ofthe novel sheath cuttingtooly. .v l Fig. 2 isa plan' view of the saine; A

' Fig 33' isan enlarged .longitudinal section through the cutter Aand nove'l- 4adjust-ing means associated therewith as seenV on `the, line. 3.--3 otFig. "l, looking 'inthe direction,-

ndcated'? bythe' arrows; f' t.

- .frig-frisa1fleraviewlfith same Shawnee means -i for retaining .the cutter in desired adjustr'nent;v ff t f -Fignzy is'the other.` end view ofthe assembly showing adjustment I.pin f andfcali- .bra-tion eatu're,` l,

vFig.. 6.:is.`a`l detail .of tlieieccentiric shaft Y i theplaneofitseccentrcity.' i

invention,showing in detail several oflits eaturesfaslse'en; on the linea 7--7 of .fFigf 2 looking yin A.tlie direction indicated by thei arrows.' FignL is an* enlarged'.detaiIfotf `preferred formrof track roller.' f' 19" Eig., .aie along-andina ietpni l sheath showing the nature ofthe yout V'made-by thetoolil Fig. ,l Ofs enlarged det-'ail aflrollegr which Amay be substituted rfor the preferred `form off roller shown in Fig. 'Figgfllliis' a longitudinal-secti iication of the invention;V y' Y n .Fig; 12.1is a detailed, transverse- Sectio part ofy the"` modification rshownfin:]:|`iz dr.='5l1,

in'. the direction: indicated by the-arrows;-` fi Figari .is4 a' daan ef thejspeeiairbinfareatea plungeryusedinlthisimodiiication. Y Fig-.114' is a detail oa-stopor retainer us tohold thegplunger'i-n its socket.

ment with respect to eachot'her; and f Eig.d lG-"is aA4 detail of the p'ressure'j"serew25` In the, aQCQmP-anyine drawings; Fiets-715110 l0 inclusiver depicta preferred `forni ofjlmy invention. j '20 4denotes generally a' framework composedifof va' pair 'off-1arcuatefshapedsteel plates QlQandQZwhiCh are geometrically]sym'-y `rnetrical with respect to. each-V othergalldhav n'dfafmodil l Ias lat 27 y:fornrhandles for-themanipulation voi? the? tool. Y'Aixsteel block -orspri-ngchainher- 28pis-1nountedbetween the plates-'21 'and-22;

y mai-11+' as ,seen onf they line 19k-i12 o'vfiFi-g. 11 ilfool'iing f Vscribed later. Thus, these arms s similar to 41, with the'exceptionthat Vthe endV tain the two plates 21 and 22 in fixed parallel relation to each other.

Rotatably mounted upon the bolts 30 and 31 which are carried by the frame 20 and held therein by nuts 32 and 33 respectively are two rollers 34 and 35.

Pivotally Vmounted between the frame plates 21 and- 22, upon a machine screw 36 onto which is screwed a nut 37, and spaced from each other by sleeve 38, are two steel arms or levers 39 and 40 which are'also geometricall symmetrical with respect to each f other. T ese arms are rigidly maintained in fixed parallel relation to eachother by the frame plates 21 and 22 the collar 38, the bolt 36 and nut 37, and also by a pin 41-which has shoulders lformed thereon upon which the inside surface of the plates 39 and i40'rest. The pin 41 has smaller end sections 42 which are forced tightly into the arms 39 and 40 but do not extend beyond the outermost faces thereof, irl-order that the pivotalmovement of these arms willV not be impaired by the ends lofthe pin 41 contacting the plates 21 and 22. Correct spacing and rigidity Vof arms 39 and 40 is further maintained by the cutter shaft 51 and member 45 which are deone, pivoted rigid lever. s.

A pair ofrpins 43 and 4 4 of a construction sections run through the plates 21 and 22 and are peened over serve to further rigidify the framework 2,0. A similar set of pins. may easily be substituted for the aluminum blocks in order'to cheapen the, construction if Aso desired. v A Rotatably carried between the'arms or levers39 and 40 at the short end thereof, and

at. 'a comparatively short distance from the pivot bolt 36, is a cross member 45 having suitable bearing lugs 46 and 47 journaled in the arms 39 and 40 respectively, but not eX- tendmg beyond their outer surfaces. A threaded winged screw 48 is run through the midpointof the member. 45 at right angles to its `axis of rotation. One end of the screw has a flat wing 49 for enabling it to be easily feo turned by the fingers. The other end of this threaded screw 48 has .a smooth rounded por tion, as shown'rat 50. V

p The' novel, adjustable vcutter mechanism, bestshown in Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive is mounted at the remaining ends 0f fthe pivoted levers 39 and l 40 at a 4distance' relatively greater from the pivot n bolt 36 than the member-45. vThe main bearing shaft 51 eX- tends through and is journaled inv the plates 39 and 40 at bores 52 and 53 respectively.

' The shaft 51 is machined to rthree successively decreasing diameters 54, and 56.

Thebore 53 serves asa bearing forthe section54 of the'shaft, and bore 52 serves as a vbefaringV for`v section 56 lof the shaft.v Sectionsf 54 and 56 offthe shaft in turn serve really form Y i as bearings for the rollers 57 and 58, which limit the depth of the cut. Section 55 of the shaft 51 is eccentric with respect to the aXis and acts as a bearing for the cutter wheel or disk 59 which is of a construction well known in the art. The end of the shaft protruding past lthe outside face of the arm plate 40 is of squared transverse section and forms a projection 60. As shown in Figures 2 and 4, a suitably formed clip 61 is pivoted to the arm plate`r40 by a rivet 62. This clip has a surface 63 of such a shape as to fit against the square section 60 of the shaft 51 to thus hold it against rotation. The end of the clip 61 extends past the end of the arm 40 far enough to render it easily swung free of the end of the shaft 51 angularly out of effective position. A cotter pin 64 Vis placed through a hole in section 56 of the shaft 51A at a location` such that it will prevent aXialfmovement of theshaft. This pini also actsas a handle to turn the shaft to any desired setting, as shown in Fig. 5. An arrow 65 is stamped on the end of the eccentric shaft 51 and numbers ony the face of the arm plateV 39;indicating in 64ths of an inch, the depthg'of' cut obtained by any ofY the four settings; The amount `of eccentricity of section 55 of ythe shaft, the relative diameters ofthe lcutter disk 59 androlls 58 and 57, and the angleatwhich-the surface 63 on the clip61 isformed,lare allsochosen thatrthe depth of cut-will vary in 4 equal and definite steps. Itrmaytherefore be seen that the Yeccentric arrangement of th'esection 55 togethervwith thearrangement whereby ythe shaft V51 may be locked in any one of a number of different radial positions constitute means fcradjusting the cutter 59 trans verselyof the rolls 57-58. 'The location of the rollers 34 and 35 and pivotvbolt 36 is so chosen vinrelation to the length of the cutter arm between `the point 36 and the shaft- 51 that the same side of the eccentric portion 55 of the shaft 51'is always presented to the cable regardless of` the cablepdiameten provided, lof course, that thev shaft 51 itself remain locked against rotation. In this manner the calibration of the tool is simple and definite. v I

Referring now to Fig. 7 the end 50 of the aforementioned screw 48, engages the depressed face 67 of the plunger-68, which is free to move axiallyrwithin the bore 69 in the block 28. The bore 69 vis constrictedv as at 7 0 so as -to coniinethe plunger 68 therein A spring 71 of slightly smallerldiameter than the diameter of bore 69,.its about a projection 72 on the plunger 68, and: also about a similar boss 73 on a threaded plug 74which is fitted into a threaded portion 75 in the other'end of the bore, and can bey turned by means of a slot 76. VThe spring 71 is ofthe compression type, assembled withsuicient initial compression .and powerful enough to n y lation. i '3o' urge the cutting. wheel 59 into the sheath provided-thef pressure screw .48 is turned down a small lamount after the :tracking lrolls '34 and 35 and the.cutterfdisklare ell inakng contact Vwith the cable sheathf In order to maintainfat alltimeslthe end of the screw 48 in contact with the Idepressed face; mofithe plunger" 58,1; horse- 4 shoe-spring T7V is mounted around' the collar or sleeve 38. One end ofthespring 71 engages therpin 41 previously described;l The remaining end engages the pinV 44. This horseshoe spring isassembled `under suicient tension to` urge the lever assemblylina couni ter `clockwise dir-ectionand thus keep vthev socket land? end `:off the pressure screw in ien- 'gagem-ent at-falltimesr' i' -V f l lei l: .-f-' U Now vit -isi Well known tothose yfamiliar with the artth-atfwhen-aScuttingwheel of the type shownat V59 lisemployed, 'themetal being out f is raisedup or crowded into ridges 78 (Fig. 9) immediately adja-.centto'both sides ofthe cut; 'Hence',. the 'rollersk 34 and lhav-elbeen relievedf centrally .as azt-79f(-F1ig,18) vin order to permit the surface ofthe rollers to -ride tially Within-pue plane, and their axes are li eldl substantially.fat-right angles totliefperipheralsurface ofthe `element VtoV i be cutby 'the faceso'fthe rollers,fa`swellasthe rigid plates `2li,` 22'." 39 and-140, the' cut-ter must conlsequ'ently follow/*a transverse path. These lguiding rollers are relieved onoppositeisides ofthe guiding Vridge() :tov bridge over the e ridgeslor burrs 78 formed immediately ad;

jacenttoboth sides Aof the out, las shown at 791. Thus the toolisselfguiding andan inexperienced and Iunskillful "operator can eiiecta neat cut-with facility.

' It is also'wellknownvthat, althoughk leadsheathedcables maybe manufactured -so as to have aperfectly cir'culartransverse section7 they do not remain so.v Due totheir beingcoiledyhandled, etc.'7 they :become to some eX- ltent deformed. Itcanbe readilyseen 'how' a. rigidly mounted cutter` wouldvcut 'a groove fof varying depth, vdepending'upon the extent A' Y K l I A I l thatgis necessary to .render the .tool ready for cutting is' .tot place thetool about the cable,

of the deforma-tion' of the conductor.. Alsmfa's varioussirzesof the conductor have- Vsheaths ifiof differentthicknesses, it' would be very convenient to'have a: cutterwhich kis positively limited to'y cut to a predetermined'depth, and some vmanner ofadjustingthe-'sameg-l55 g' i pair14 'of rollersA Ahave.been: providedydisposed all its irregularities, the

adjacentl'to bothsides of the cutter and the manner in which they will ride upon vthe surface isbelieved to Vbe perfectly apparent. The i featurevof' VVadjustabilityhas been accomf plished-b-y' having thecutter journalled upon an offset or eccentric bearing `or crank. yUpon turning thefshaft lbyuneans of thepin 64 the depthofgtlie out, canibe controlled'atrwill y andfiXed bypslipping the clip 6l againstthe squareend of the shaft .51; i

Now as the pressure eXertedby the cutter 59 upoirgthe surface of the cable reallydepen'dsvuponl the springlthen whenthis e lever like constructionof the farm 40, carry-` i ing the cutting -element,.. causes the cutting elementv to bemovable through a greater distance than thetthroughwhich the screw whicheX'erts the: forcemust'inove. @Of course; l

theforce exertedby the ,cutter element isfpro.- portionatelydecreased.n

f' f f The -leverarms39and 40 ofthe vdiffe'rent' distances ,'ofrthe cutting .wheel a wide rengeofcablesizes can behandled f and thegscrew fro'mithe pivotmeans whereby by.` a small amount vof :adjustmentfof' the` l Y vshorter thanfordinarilly'and the toolis made far `1nore compactthan would .otherwisebe possible.V Also'thisconstructionlpermits of" the short handles-whichgforfany cablesize :do

`not exceedk a; working 'radius' in r`excess of six n,

inches'` from the centerV of the Vcable...

screw; Thus the screwf may beniadefmnch- 'LIn order to further lessen the time required for its manipulation,` there is provided a trip releasefer thezscrewj.` That is to say,'means are provided whereby the operator does,` not have to release the 'arm .39Jan'd 40 /by'turning the scr'ewlS all the way'in'order, to setthe tool about'the conductorfand then'turnxit` back to `-loringthe cutterfinto engagement with the surface,Al This operation can beper-` formed by pushingrinwardly" upon thelever T1115 Aor by pulling the turning screw upwardand inward so as tof permit *the end 50-fofscrew 48 tobexdisengaged fromythelsocketf. The l' screw can then be swungtortliepositon v shownivnldottedv lines in Figil passin'gfover `rounde'd'notch'rl 1n the spring chamberblockv replace the screw- 48,- and turn it afslight 'pensive ',constructionfis particularly ,desir- `gable. .i .Thegreatrigidity.f theiramework ist of 4the lconstruction is apparent.n The plates 2l, 22 and V89 and 40 may be stamped and then placed by pairs in a jig and drilled together. yThis insures cheap and very accurate construction.: The remaining parts are inexpensive to make and are all easy of cony struction and of common materials.

Vio

The cutter disk and roller assembly can easily be dismantled for repair or replacement by removing Cotter pin 64, afterward revolvingvclip 6l on its pivot 62 so that it clears the shaft end 60 and portion 54 of largest diameter. The shaft will then slide freely towardstlie larger diameter section or. toward the left in Fig. 8. This'is made possible byY choosing the diameters 54, and 56 so that neither 55 nor 56 are too large to pass through the bore 58 in the arm 40, or through the bores ofthe roller and cutter disk Vto their left.

lThe spring chamber canbe easily opened and parts removed for cleaning or repair by unscrewing the slotted plug 74.

Figs. 1l tol'inclusive disclosea modification of the invention in which the pivoted arms are not used.v A castframeV 20 is provided of construction similarite that used in some styles of pipe cutters. :This frame is cored and" machined at-82 and 168 to receive vguidingroller`s "34and 85 which are identical in construction to lthoseshown in the other modificaiton as 84 and 35. These guiding rollersvare mounted onrbolts 30 andBl whichare heldin the frame by nuts in eX-' actly the same manner as `30, 3l, 82 and 88 shown in Figs. 1,42, 7; and 8.

' The T-shaped flangev 83'is passed along the inner 'straight portion of the casting 20 and is machined tov act as a guiding strip along which'block 28. may slide. The castv iron block 28 Vis slidably'inounted on the lian-ge 83 and is properly slotted at 87 to preserve aligniiient'.'y rlli-e remaining end of frame 20 isV threadedkat 88 to receive the operating screw 48. rllie cast iron block' 28 has a longitudinal rectangular slot 69 at its upper portion into which is slidably mounted a plunger member 68. This plunger member isbifurcated and drilled at one end to re ceive an eccentric cuttter assembly of'construction identical with that shown in Figs. l to 5 inclusive, and before described. The

Aother end is bored out to receive and house a of the screw 48. The screw 48 may be revolved by a handle 49 to cause'cast block 28 to slide along to the flange 83 of the main cast frame 20. Theinner end 50 of the screw 48 has vthe further purpose of acting as a Vcentral guide to one end of thespring 7l. i Y i .The movement of the plunger 68 is intended to take care of the irregularities of the sarily longer, so that the tool cannot be used vFvith such limited clearances as shown in im 1. Y -t is to be understood that the use and c0nstruction of this invention is not limited to the above disclosureexcept only in so far as defined by the scope of the appended claims.

`Iclaim:',-` Y, f l. In a tool for forming a groove of a pre.-

In this modification of determined'depth in the periplieral'vsurface of an'element of substantially circular transverse section, av cutting element, means for urging said element int-o said surface, said surface and said element being relatively movable toform said groove, limiting means associated withsaid cutting element for positively limitingY theY extent to which said urging means may cause it to enter said surface, resilient means associated with said urging means for enabling said urging means to compel said cutting element and said limiting means to follow all convolutions of said surface and a second resilient means for maintaining said. first resilient means and said urging' means in positive engagement.

2. In tool for forming a groove of predetermined deptli'in the peripheral surface of an 4element of substantially circular transverse section, a cutting element, means for urging said element into said surface, said element and said surface being relatively movable to form the groove, limiting means `associated with said cutting element for `limiting the `extent to .which said ur p means niay cause lit to enter said surface,

(ring resilienty means for enabling said urging vmeansrto compel "said, cutting element and said limiting means to follow 'all convolutions of said surface, a second vresilient means for maintainingasaidfirst resilient means in positive engagement with said urging means, and release means for quickly causing 4said urging means and said lirstresilient 130 means f to'y become ineective and permitting said .second resilient means to urge saidcutting element away fromsaidV surface.

\ 3; In a tool for forming a groove of a pre-k determined depth inthe 'peripheral surface of an element of substantially circular transverse section, a cutting element, means for urging said. elementrinto ysaid surface, said elementand said surface vbeingrelatively movable to form said groove, means'associatedwitliisaid elementfand saidurgingmeans for transmitting the force and movement of saidur'ging means to said cutting element and causing. said cutting element to be moved -tolamgreaterf distanceffthanY )that through which said urging means exerts. its force, means associatedyrvi'th said.v cutting ,element; for limiting .the extent to` vvhich'isaid urging means may force it vintosaid surface7 resilient means-V for enabling said urging means to compel said cutting meansv and said limiting :means `to follow all convolutions of such surface, a secondresilient means for urging saidl first; resilient meansv and said urging means.A into positive engagement, Aand release meansifor quickly causing said Yurg-V y rolls-carried by the supporting frame, and

5. In a tool of the characterv described, a `frame adapted to be Vpositioned about a cable or similar article, a supporting structure mounted on the 4frame and adjustable ltoward and away from lthecable receiving'portion thereof, a 'shaft mounted in.' the supporting means for adjusting the cutter transversely structure, acutter carriedby the shaft, limit-L ing rol-ls mounted on the shaft adjacent the cutter, and means. for Vadjusting the Ycutter transversely ofthey rol1s.

6. In a tool of thecharacterdescribed,` a

frame adapted to lne-positioned about a-cable `or similar article, a supportingy structure' mounted on the frame-.andfadjustable toward and away from jthelcable. receiving'portion thereof," Ia'fshaftv mounted A inthelsupporting structure: .and havingf an' eccentric portion, a

rotary cutter mounted on the: eccentricporf tion of the shaft, limiting rolls mounted on the shaft in coaxialA relation and disposed adjacent the cutter and meansfor adjust-v ing the shaft about its axis.

7. In a portable hand tool for forming a groove in the peripheral surface offan Aelement of .substantially circular sransversesec*-` tionfavframejvithin which the elementis mounted-"and against which the felement bears, .a lever including, a shorterand a long,- erarm pivoted thereto, a cutting elementasseciatedl ywith, sa'idi longer arm, means. asso l ciatedfgyvith said shorter, arm for `urging-said cuttingelementinto said surface, saidfsurface ganid; said cuttingy element being. rela- Y.

tively movable to form the. groove. v

"8; :Infa portablephand toolA for forming" a gifeoveofafpredetermned depth n-V the pekripheral surfaceofian element of substantial#` ly 'circular 4transverse section,-a frame, a

leverincluding a longerand a 'shorte'rwarm pivoted thereto,-a cutting'element associated with said longenarin, means mounted onthe frame andeassociated with saidshorter arm for,Y urging said cutting element `1nto said surface,;gsa 1d surface and said cuttmgelement being grelatively movable .to form.the

groove, and means for limitingVr the extent .to

which the said urging means may causesaid Y cutting4 element :toenterV saidv surface. 9; Ina tool forforminga groove: sofiaprey determined depth `in the lperipheral surface ofV an element, of substantially: circular trans-y verse. section, a frame, l a lever.A including 'a l longer and a shorter arm pivotedthere'tma cutting.; element associated with saidl longer arm,;means mounted on the frame and ciatediwith said-,shorter armfor urgingsaid cutting r`element -into .said surface,`` saldi cuff' ting element and said surface,being.relative-y lyfmovableto form the i groove, .meansfor limitingI the vextent to Which: said-urging means'can urge said; cutting element .intosaid surface, and resilient means for enabling said urging meanstocompel said cutting element and saidy limiting means to-'follou7 ,all convo-V lutions of saidisurface.; f

y10.- 5InY a `tool for form'ingfg;v a: groove a' predetermined` depth inthe peripheral'- sur-V face fof an Y'element ofsubstantiallycircular transvers'esection, a frame, a lever including `a longer; and a shorter arm ypivoted therein,

a cutting 'element associatedwithsaid longer arm,-mean s V.associatedV with said-:shorter arm for vurging said cutting element into saidV surface,1s,aid n cutting element-and said .surface being irelatively.movable tofform the groove, means forlimitlng the "extent to which said urging .means lcan urge said cutting element intosaid surface, la first resilient meansfor .enabling Vsaidurging means to compel'V said cutting element [and said limiting ,means to follfo'vvfall,4 crrvolutions Vof *i said 'y surface, j f

a second resilient means for-:urging said first resilient, ,mean

engagement., ,p

11.1111.. a bouffer; 4jaffiliati predetermined. depth. 11.111116@ Peripheral `Sur-j face of-an element ofsubstantially circular transrersesecticm@lever includ-ing aiglenger .iwlth Saidleneer afm, means assecaed i .f tially circular transverse section, acutting surface'. Y

enabling the said'urgingl means to bemoved angularly-to become disengaged from said first resilient element to render said urging means and the `first resilient elements ineffective, and to permit said second resilient'elel ment to pivot said lever sofas to urge said cutting element out of and away from said 12. In a cutting mechanism for forming a groove of a predetermined depth in a sur# face, a shaft, including an eccentric portion,

a support-for rotatably carrying said shaft,

a cutting wheel' journaled upon said eccentric Y portion, means for urging said cutting wheel into said surface, said surface and said cutting element being relatively movable to form the groove, a plurality of revolvable elements'journaled uponsaid shaft adjacent said 'eccentric portionl adapted to ride upon said surface and limit the extent to which said urging means may cause said cutting wheel to enter said surface,'means for rotating said shaft to cause said cutting wheel to be protruded beyond said rollers into said surface to a greater or a lesser extent to control the depth of said groove, and means whereby rotation.

' In atool for'forming a groove in the peripheralsurface of an element .ofsubstansaid shaft may be locked against element, means for urging said cutting ele ment into said surface, lsaid cutting element and said surface being relatively movable to form the groove, and a plurality of revolvably mounted roller elements each including centrally located following ridge adapted rvto,k ride in said grooveso being formed to guide said cutting element and a plurality of j cylindrical surfaces adjacent said guiding Vridge adapted to ride on said surface to hold said tool'about said surface andhaving transverse Vgrooves'placed adjacent said ridge to Y bridgeover the ridges formed `on the surface roller .element to ofsaid element adjacent vsaid groove in order topermit said cylindrical surfaces of said Y contact the surface of'said element. l

14. In `atooliof the character described, a

t shaft'inclu'ding'aplurality of sections in- Ycreasing diameter throughout its length,

one being eccentric, a cutting wheel journaled on said eccentric section, means for rotatably supporting said shaft, means for preventing axial movement Vof said shaft with respect to said supporting means,vmeans for rotating said shaft, and means whereby said shaft may belocled against rotation. Y 15. In a tool of the character described, th combination with a rotatable cutting wheel, the axis of' the cutter being parallel to the aXis of vthe work, means for limiting the j depth to which it may cut, means for varying the relative position of said cutting wheel and'said limiting means to vary the depth to which said wheelmay cut, means for fixing said Vrelative position to iiX said depth, and means for indicating in advance the maximum depth to which said wheel has been set to cut. i

16. ln a. tool for forminga groove in the peripheral surface of an element of substantially circular transverse section, a cutting element, means Afor constantly urging said clement into said surface, means for causing said cutting element'to be moved through a substantially Vgreater distance than that through which said urging-means exerts its force and with proportionally less force, said tool and said surface being relatively movable to form the groove.

1?. A hand tool wherein a substantially circular object is gripped between three o1* more rollers mounted on a frame, at least one of the rollers constituting a cutting tool, and .wherein a groove-is cut into the object by imparting a relative rotation between the frame and the object, characterized in thisthat the non-cutting rollers are provided with grooves in the plane of the cutting edge of the cutting roller, and at least one of the noncutting rollers is provided with a guiding ridge which rides in the cut groove, said ridge being located centrally of the groove in said last mentioned non-cutting roller.

18. lnia hand tool adapted to grip a stationary substantially circular surface for cutting `a groove therein, a frame including gripping means whereby the frame may be rotated, a circular cutting element mounted on the frame, and a circular roller for limit ing the extent of the cutting action, the cutting element and the roller being relatively adjustable for adjusting the maximum cutting distance of theV tool. l

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 8th day ofMarch, 1926.

KENNETH W.

lili

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