US1610454A - Turbine-driven rotary pump - Google Patents

Description

raisaiea nee. raises.

FRANZ LAW'AGZECK, OF ING. GERMANY, ASSIG-NOR TO WORTHINGTON PUMP AND MACHINERY CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORYPORATION OF VIR- GINIA.

TURBINE-DRIVEN ROTARY PUMP.

Application filed August 29, 1321, Serial No. 496.548, and in Germany June 3, 1915. Renewed December has to be admitted into the turbine will be in comparison with the quantity of water taken in and raised by the pump. It is known that the water admitted into the turbine, after expending its force, also has to be raised by the pump. On account of the high pressure of the 'impelling Water of the turbine, which was very liable to result in exceedingly great friction between the rotor and the water, the usual practice has been to construct the turbine for a number of pressure stages,'espccially because the most favorable speed of revolution of a single-stage turbine adapted for such high pressures would be much too high for a directly coupled pump, particularly if its head were small.

But a multi-stagre arrangement. on account of the partitions between the various divisions and their close jo nts at the shaft, makes the construction of the entire machine unit so complicated and its taking apart and examination so ditlicult that a unit of this kind' could not be used in places that are difficult of access.

In accordance with one feature of the inrention these drawbacks are removed by constructing the high-pressure turbine in the form of a single-stage machine mounted on a common shat-t with the pump rotor, which latter is provided with spiral channels so that, even at high speeds of revolution, it will still raise the desired comparatively large quantities of water without producing undesirable high pressures. went provides the important advantage whereby. after removing the cover of the casing, the entire rotor of the machine unit can easily be taken out and examined.

As these pumps are frequently installed in low rooms which'are diflicult of access it is lurcessary to provide them with means for This arrangebalancing the axial thrust occurring; in them which is reliable in operation and. requires no looking after. The automatic arrangements ordinarily employed for balancing axial thrust have hitherto been imperfect on account of the small surfaces and particularly the small pressures available for this purpose. These shortcomings are entirely overcome by the present invention by its enabling the pressure used for driving the turbine. i.- e. water under high pressure, to be so "employed for the purpose of balancin the said axial pressures. For the purpose 0 controlling even the greatest axial thrust that is liable to occur it is possible in addition to employing the admission pressure acting on the one side of the turbine or pump, to make the water pressure in the gap at the other side operate a second automatic arrangement for balancing axial thrust.

Another feature of the invention consists 7 in making pumps of the said kind that are difficult of access self-starting by conducting the water discharged from the turbine straight into the suction space of the centrifugal pump so as to fill this space with water and cause the pump to start delivering in a very short time.

By th s arrangement and particularly it the machine unit is made self-lubricating by causing theimpelling water of the turbine to 89 pass through its bearings, the combined pump and its power machine are united into a unit which is so simple and easy to convey that it is suitable for a great variety of uses that were outside of the province of centrifuaal pumps, which, up to present, have always been stationary and not self-starting. For example the new machine unit can be conveniently .connected to hose used for ex tinguishing tires in the same way as a nozzle 90 is joined to a hydrant by means of a hose. The novel, simple machine may also be used on ships as a main or auxiliary bilge pump, or in mines as a mud pump in which latter case water under pressure is taken from the main mine pump and the impelling water discharged from the turbine is conducted into the blades of the pump rotor in order to pumpl pregent them from being choked up by the mu A constructional form of the invention is illustrated in the drawing in which- Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the centre of the machine unit,

Fig. 2 shows a View of the pump rotor with its spiral channels and Fig. 3 is a view of the closed machine.

The machine unit shown in the drawing is constructed in the form of a bilge pump with a vertical shaft 10. The turbine 11 in the upper part of the casing receives impelling water under a high pressure through the inlet conduit 12 which leads into the annular chamber 13. The impelling water. before entering the rotor 11, passes through guide" channels 14. The water leaving, or discharged from, the turbine may be conducted in the pressure space 15. But in order to make the centrifugal pump self-startin the discharged water is conducted in the illustrated machine through an annular channel 16 into the suction space 17 of the centrifugal pump. By this means it is made to fill this suction chamber and thus soon enables the pump to commence drawing water from below.

To increase the suctional effect of the water discharged from the turbine 11 into the suction pipe 17 of the pump the direction of the discharging mouth 18 of the channel 16 is made such that the water issuing from .the said mouth 18 and passing into the pump blades'or channels flows in the same direction as the water current sucked in by the pump. The suctional etiect of the water dis charged from the turbine then supplements the sucking action of the pump.

To render it unnecessary to look after the machine unit the water discharged from the turbine 11 is used for lubricating the bearings 19 of the shaft 10. The water employed for this purpose may be conducted to the bearings through a passage orpassages 20. By this arrangement the pump can run without hazard in air until the suction pipe 17 is filled with water and the pump commences delivering. As the wateruscd for driving the turbine is generally clean it may be employed for preventing the channels 2-1 of the from becoming clogged in cases in whic the water to be pumped is muddy. To this end the clean water discharged from the turbine may be conducted straight into the blades or channels 21 of the pump.

In order to enable the pump to yield a. large output with a small head and yet to run at a high speed, the blades 21 of the pump rotor 22 are preferably made screw or spiral shaped as indicated in Fig. 2. By using a single-stage turbine 11 directly coupled with the pump rotor 22 the machine casing 23 may be constructed in such a manner that when the cover 24. is removed the whole revolvingpart, i. e. the shaft 10 together with'the turbine rotor 11 and the pump rotor 22, may be lifted out in its entirety.

As will be seen from Fig. 1, this convenicnt removal of the rotating part of the machine is possible even in the case of a pump rotor 29. whose outside diameter is greater than that of the turbine 11. In such cases the admission channel 13 for introducingimpelling water under a high pressure and the guide members 1 1 of the turbine, and all other parts of the casing whose diameters are smaller than that'of the pump rotor 22, are arranged in the cover The axial thrust which. particularly in hi h-speed pumps. is often very considerable, is counteracted in accordance with the invention by an automatic balancing contrivanee which, instead of being fed in the ordinary way with water under pressure taken from the gap between the rotor and stator of the pump, is fed with water under high pressure from the conduit leading into the turbine. The axial thrust counterbalancing device itself may be made in different ways. Two types of this device are employed in the machine illustrated, although one type will often be sutlicicnt.

Impelling water at a high pressure is led from the admission chamber 13 of the turblue 11 through a channel .25 situated within (or if need be without) the machine casing 23 and caused to impinge upon or press against the lower surface of the peripheral portion 26 of the pump rotor. The water under pressure, on its way to the counterbalancing chamber 28 in which it operates to lift the rotor, is preferably made to pass through an exchangeable nozzle 27 by which the quantity of water required for obtaining the counter-balancing or lifting ell'ect may be regulated at will. The peripheral ring 26 is adapted to form two gaps at 29 between the rotor and the casing 23. The more these gaps 29 are widened the more water will ttow out from the counterbalancing chamber 28 into the pressure space 15 and the suction space 17 of the pump and the axial thrust from above to below will then predominate. whereby the size of the regulating gaps 25) will be decreased. Finally a pressure will he produced in the counterlialancing chamber 28 by which the etfect of the axial thrust of the rotor is counterbalanced.

The etl'ect of the couuterbalancing device that acts upon the underside of the pump rotor may be supplemented by another thrust balancing device which acts upon the surfaces of the turbine rotor, particularly the lower surface30 of this rotor. To this end the impelling water under high pressure is made-to flow through a passage 31 into the narrow counter-balancing chamber 32-which is closed more or less by cylindrical joint 33 and a Variable gap 34 that acts like the gaps 29. In addition to this 'counterbalancing arrangement, operated by impelling water under high pressure, another axial thrust counterbalancing device ma be arranged in accordance with the invention at the upper surface 35 of the turbine rotor 11 and this latter device may be supplied with a part of the impelling water from the admission gap between the turbine rotor blades and the stationary rotor guide blades. In the illustrated constructional form of the invention the Water from the said admission gap flows throughthe cylindrical joint 36 into the up-.

per counterbalancing chamber. 37 and after exerting pressure upon the pressure surface it passes throu h the variable gap 38,

whose throttling e ect changes as the shaft is shifted, and through the short passage 39 into the annular passage 16 that leads into the suction space of the pump. In cases-in which the thrust balancing device comprises both a lower thrust balancing device acting .on the lower surface'31 of the turbine rotor and operated bythe water under pressure taken from the admission chamber 13, and

an upper thrust balancing device acting 'on- Y at the turbine rotor 11 is particularly advantageous in cases in which. contrarv to the arrangement shown in the drawing the pump rotor 22 is of smaller diameter than the turbine rotor 11.

, If the three illustrated axial thrust balancing devices are all used together it will be found preferable to arrange a part of the balancing device that acts on the lower side of the rotor 11 inan intermediate piece 40 because this will make it easier to take the inachineto pieces.

It will now be obvious that by the novel and peculiar combination of a propellin turf. bine with a centrifugalpump illustrate and described herein a comparatively small, light machine unit is obtained in which all the active forces are mutually counterbalanced.

Therefore there is no necessity for fixing the machine on a floor or seat and'a very light portable machine unit results.-

' .as shown in Fig. 3 in such a way that their flanges or hose connection members do not project beyond the parts of greatest dia m cter of the casing, as for example the flanges 43 in the constructional form of machine illustrated in the accompanying drawing. In order to keep the connecting neck 41 withfloor the two flanges 43 are made equal in diameter.

To further simplify the taking apart of' the machine unit the rotor of the turbine is preferably joined to the pump rotor by means of a screw thread 44, Fig, 1, which tends to screw in tighter when the propelling force of the turbine is applied. A connection of this kind necessitates no special securing or fixing means, because the direction of rotation of the turbine can ,never be reversed. By this manner of joining the rotors the keys which are ordinarily used to transfer the torque of the turbine to the main shaft of the machine, and then again from this SYN shaft to the rotor of the driven machine,may

be dispensed with. In some cases the shaft connecting the two rotors may be entirely done away with and the rotors may be ar-, ranged ,-to rotate on' short pivots protruding from their upper and lower ends.

The thread 44 should have ample play and the centering of the two rotors 11 and 22 may be accomplished by means of thecylindrical parts 45, 46.

I claim: 4 y

1. A -machine unit comprising, a casing containing a single-stage high-pressure water-impelled turbine with ,its bladed rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump having a rotor with spiral water-impelling channels, whereby large quantities of water can beraised to any low height without throttle de? vices in spite of a high speed of revolution of the said rotors, and means for balancing the thrust of the rotor comprising passagesv whereby the impelling'water of the turbine automatically acts upon the pump rotor at the part where its diameter is greatest.

2. A machine unit comprising, a casing rotor with spiral water-impelling channels,

whereby large quantities of water can be raised to any low hei ht without throttle evices in spite of a high speed of revolution of the said rotors, and a thrust balancing arrangement comprising a primary thrush balancing device adapted to be operated by impellingwater'taken from the point'of its admission into the turbine, and a secondary thrust-balancing arrangement adapted to be operated by water taken from the gap be tween the turbine rotor and its stator.

3. A machine unit comprising, a casing containing a single-stage high-pressure turbine with its rotor directly coupled to.a rotary pump having a rotor with spiral water-impelling channels, whereby large quantities of water can be raised to any low height without throttle devices in spite of a high speed of revolution of the said rotors, a suction conduit associated with the pump, and passages for conducting the impelling water discharged from thqturbine into the suction condult.

4. A machine unit comprising, a casing containing a single-stage high-pressure water-impelled turbine with its rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump having a rotor with spiral water-impelling channels, whereby large quantities of water can be raised to any low height without throttle device; in spite of a high speed of revolution of the said rotors, and means for balancing the thrust of the 'rotor comprising passages I whereby the impelling water of the turbine automatically acts upon the pump rotor at the part where its d ameter 1s greatest, a suction conduit associated with the pump,

' and passa es for conducting the impelling water disc liarged from the turbine into the suction conduit.

5. A machine unit comprising, a casing containing a single-stage high-pressure turbine with its rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump havln a rotor with spiral waterimpelling channe s, whereby large quantities of water-can be raised to any low height without throttle devices in spite of a high speed of revolution of the said rotors, rotor bearings in the said casing, and pasiages for conducting the impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said bearings.

6. A machine unit comprising, a casing containing a single-stage high-pressure water-impelled turbine with its rotor directly coupled to a, rotary pump having a rotor with spiral water-impelling channels, whereby large quantities of water can be ra sed to any low height without throttle devices in spite of a high speed of revolution of the said rotors, and means for balancing the thrust of the rotor comprising passages whereby the impelling water of the turbine automatically acts upon the pump rotor at the part where its diameter is greatest, rotor bearings in the said casing, and passages for conducting the impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said bearin s.

7. A machine unit comprising, a casing containing a single-stage high-pressure turbine with'its rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump having a rotor with spiral wator-impelling channels, whereby large quantities of water can be raised to any low he ght without throttle devices in spite of a high speed of'revolution of the said rotors, and-a passage for conducting impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said'spiral water-impelling channels of the pump.

containing a single-stage high-pressure water impelledturbine with its rotor directly coupled toa rotary pump having a rotor with spiral water-impelling channels,.whereby large quantities of water can be raised to any low height without throttle devices in spite of a high speed ofrevolution of the said rotors, and means for balancing the thrust of "the rotor comprising passages whereby the impelling water of the turbine automatically acts upon the pump rotor at the part where its diameter is greatest, and a passage for conducting impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said spiral water-impelling channels of the pump 9: A machine unit comprising, a casing containing a single-stage high-pressure turubine with its rotor directly coupled to a romachine unit comprising, a casing tary pump havin" a rotor with spiral waterimpelling channels, whereby large quantities of water can be raised to any low height without throttle devices in spite of a high speed of revolution of the said rotors, and

a passage for conductin impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said spiral water-impelling channels of the pump, the mouth of the said passage being adapted to lead out the said discharged water in the direction of flow of the main current of water impelled by the pump, whereby its sucking effect .is increased.

10. A machine unit comprising, a casing containing a single-stage high pressure water-impelled turbine with its .rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump having a rotor with spiral water-impelling channels, whereby large quantities of water can be raised to any low height without throttle devices in spite of a high speed of revolution of the said rotors, and means for balancing the thrust of the rotor comprising passages whereby the impelling water of the turbine automatically acts upon the pump rotor at the. part where its diameter is greatest, and a passage for conducting impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said spiral water-impelling channels of the pump, the mouth of the said passage being adapted to lead out the said discharged water in the direction of flow of the main current of water impelled by the pump, whereby its sucking effect is increased.

11. A machine unit comprising, a casing containing a high-pressure water-impelled turbine with its bladed rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump adapted for a high speed of revolution, and means for balancing the thrust of the rotor comprising passages whereby the impelling water of the turbine automatically acts upon the pump rotor at the part where greatest.

12. A machine unit-comprising, a casing containing a high-pressure water-impelled its diameter is' turbine with its bladed rotor dir'ectly -cou-' a high speed of revolution, and means for balancing the thrust of the rotor comprising passages whereby the impelling water of the turbine automatically acts upon the pump rotor at the part Where its diameter is eatest, a snction'conduit associated wit the pump, and passages for conducting the impelling water discharged from-the turbine into the suction conduit. v K I 14. A-machine unit comprising, a casing containing a high-pressure turbine with its 1 rotor directlycoupled to a rotary pum having a rotor adapted for a high s cod 0 =revolution, rotor hearings in the said casing, and passages for conductin the impelling water discharged from t e turbine into the said bearings. I

15; A machine unit comprising, a casing containing .a high-pressure turbine with its rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump having a rotor with spiral water'impelling channels, and a passage for conducting impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said spiral water-impelling channels of the pump.

0 a n I u '16. A machine un1t comprising, a casing containing a high-pressure turbine with its rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump havv ing a rotor with spiral water-impelling channels, and a passage for conducting impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said spiral water-impelling channels of the pump, the mouth of the-said passage being adapted to lead out the said discharged water in the direction of flow of the main current of water impelled by thepump, whereby its sucking effect is increased.

17. A machine unit comprising, a casingcontaining a high-pressure turbine with its rotor directly coupled to arotary pump having a rotor with Water-impelling channels, and a passage for conducting impelling water discharged from the turbine into the said water-lmpellingvchannels of the pump. I 18. A machlnelunit comprising, a casing containing a high-pressure turbine with its ,rotor directly coupled to a rotary pump laving a rotor with water-impelling channels,'and a passage for conducting impelling water discharge from the turbine into' the said water-nnpelling channels of the pump,

the mouth of the said passage being adapted tolead out the said discharged water in the direction of flow of the main current of water impelled by the pump, whereby its sucking eflect is increased.

In testimony whereof I have signed this spec fication.

FRANZ LAWACZECK.

Images