US1600661A - Lock - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 21 ,1926.

R. K. WINNING LOCK Filed Sept. 1, 1924. 2 Sheets -Sheet 1 Y ATTORNEYS- Sgpt. 21,1926. 6 1,600,661 I R. K. WINNING v IINVSEJNTORH Patented Sept. 21, 192%.

warren stares rare it ROBERT K. WINNING, OF MILW' A'UKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO CLUlVE MANUFAC TUBING COMPANY, (DE-MILWAUKEE; WISCONSIN.

LOCK.

Application filed September of the plate tumbler type which will be so organized and constructed that 1t cannot be picked. The ordinary method of picking a lock of this type involves the application of a screw driver or like implement to one side of the key slot in the-lock cylinder. Thereby the cylinder may be rotated slightly to bring the several tumblers into frictional contact with portions of the barrel.

A tool is then inserted centrally in the key slot to manipulate the tumblers individually As each tumbler is manipulated to its proper position it is held against'displacement by the pressure applied through the screw driver to the barrel. The present invention contemplates a cylinder and tumbler construction such that when the barrel is rotated in the slightest degree each of the tumblers becomes interlockingly engaged with the cylinder to be non-slidable therethe cylinder will be allowed to fall back,

out of registry. Tests of this lock indicate that it is not even necessary to provide a spring for projecting the tumblers normally outwardly, since the key, when withdrawn, leaves the tumblers displaced out of registrv with the cylinder. v

In Iurtherance 01" "the primary object of this invention as stated above, it is my purpose to provide a lock of this character with a steel shell or. casing within which the remaining parts of the lock may be enclosed to render them inaccessible. It is one of the objects O'fltlliS invention to make lock of this character as simply and as economically as possible, and I have found that practically all of the parts ofthe lock proper may be made either by stamping or die casting from relatively soft. materials, such parts being then assembledconveniently within the steel shell or casing which renders them inaccessible. v

In the drawings Figures 1 to 9, inclusive,

.- show details of the individual parts of'the lock, Figure 10 shows an assembled view of 1, 1924. Serial No. {735,224.

the lock, and Figures 11 t0 14, inclusive, show enlarged details of parts of the lock in certain positions of adjustment.

Figure l is a side elevation of a lock cylinder embodying this invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view thereof.

Figureil is a detail taken onthe section indicated at 33 in Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a side elevation of a lock barrel constructed in the form of a cage. f

Figure 5 a plan'view of'the lockbarrel shown in Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a side elevation of the ca closing shell or casing vfor the lock, the wall being partially broken away terior construction.

Figure Tis a plan View of the shell shown in Figure 6. 3 j

Figure 8 is a plan view of a limiting member formed to interact with the lock barrel and cylinder to restrict their relative rotatire movement.

Figure'9 is a side elevation of the device shown in Figure 8, a portion of its wall being broken away to expose its construction,

FigurelO is a view similar to F igurev6 but showing the'lock barrel, cylinder, and tumblersassembled in the casing, the wall 7 f the casing being broken away for the purpose of showing these parts.

Figure 11 isa detail section shown on an enlarged scaleand illustratingtlie normal positions of the tumblers when the key has been withdrawn from the lock. V L

Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11, showing the tumblers retracted, as upon the insertion of the key. v I g Figure 13 is a further enlarged view similar to Figure 11, showingthe parts in the pofsitions'which they assume it an attempt is made to pick a lock embodying this 111- vention. j

Figure 14 is a'vie'wsimilar to FigurelS, illustrating, however, a modified embodiment oi this invention. 1 7 -'Like parts are identified by the same reference characters throughout the several views.

The lock cylinder 20 is,:in general, simi lar in construction to other cylinders used. in locks of the disk or plate tumbler type. It is provided with upper and lower portions to expose its in- 21 and 2-2 of substantially like diameters,

.llO

ders at and 25, respectively. A key slot which may be formed to provide the usual we; "or wards 2?, extends axially through the cylinder and terminates in a somewhat 'idcr slot at 2,8, which is. pro? vided in this particular embodiment of the lock to receire the lockable member 29. A

- vertically extending teeth or serrations as Adapted to fit eXteriorly of the cylinder is the lock barrel 40 which, as previously indicated, is preferably constructed in the form of a cage or lantern ring. The barrel is generally tubular in form but is provided interiorly adjacent its bottom extrenr ity withan integral annular flange or collar 41 which is adapted to abut shoulder on the cylinder, whereby to limit the relative axial movementbetween these parts. Exterioriy the'barrel is provided with a pair or diametrically opposite lugs 42 and 43 which project radially from the otherwise cylindrical surface of the barrel. Lug42 terminates in the plane of the end not the barrel, but lug43 projects inan axial direction beyond said end and is adapted for interaction with a stop device hereinafter tobe described. In such interaction the projects ing portion of lug 48 serves the function of limiting the relative rotative 'movementbetween the barrel andcylinder of the, lock.

The side wall of the tubular barrel is provided with two sets of openings, the openings of each set being diametrically opposite, and the axes 01" said sets being related to each other at substantially a 90 angle. These openings are adapted to receive the plate or disk tumblers which are mounted. wlthin the opening 35 of the cylinder' and are projectedlfrom such opening during thewithdrawal of the key. Openings 4:5 and .46 receive the tumblers in the normal locked position of'the Cylinder, and openings fi and 48 are adapted to receive the tumblers if it is desired to remove the key when the cylinder is rotated to its socalled unlocked position. In either event, however, the cylinder'will be locked against rotation if the'key is withdrawn. The word unloekedl therefore has reference 'not to the condition Grins loclr'itself but some pin 30 holds m mber within slot so latch device or switch controlled by the.

look. A look of this character is always loosed when the key is withdrawn.

The laterally opening apertures 45 and 46 difier from apertures i7 and 48 in that the walls .01"; apertures a5 and 46 are preferably I not parallel, whereas it is immaterial to the present device whether or not the walls of apertures 4 7 and 48 are parallel to each OLAQT. It will be noted with respect to each of apertures 45 and 46 that whereas one ot' the walls'ilii of such apertures is parallel to a central diameter drawn through the two apertures, the other wall 50 in each case disposed at substantially 45 to such a diam eter. This wall Wlll hereinafter'be termed a beveled wall and it will be noted to'provide a sharpened margin 51 atone side or each or the two apertures under discussion. I, 7

The protectorshell 55 is very simple in construction and may'conveniently be made of 'very hardn'ietal. It is' provided with an interior ehamber 56 or a diameter to receive the lock barrel. Concentric withthe chamber is an opening 58 of diameter to receive the portion 21 of the lock cylinder which exposes in said opening the key slot 26. In practice. the shell or casing 55 will be imbedded in a panel or the like and may be secured by any suitable means, such as aset screw, receivable in the countersunk bore 59. Casing 55 is provided on diametrically opposite sides of chamber 56 with radial slots or notches 60 in its lower margin These slots are adapted to receive the lugs and i3. Rotatable. within the barrel 40' is v cylinder 20, portion 21 th ereoi being. pro jected through the opening 58 in the shell, as indicated. The cylinder may conveniently be restrained to a proper degree of rotation withinthe casing through the medium or a stop member-shown in detail in Figures 8 and 9 and embodying a collar 62 receivable on portion 22 of thecylinder and provided with inwardly directed lugs 63 adapted to engage in the slot 28 upon either side or the lock operated member 29. An arcuate flange 6 l projects radially from the upper endol the collar and terminates in shoulders 65 and 66 which are adapted to engage upon one side or the other the downwardly de pending lug 43 of the barrel. Thus, the

iop'nmmber, being keyed by. means of lugs til) . 63 to the cylinder for rotation therewith.

Y tumblers retracted by the insertion of a key its entirety by reference character 70, and

the tumbler illustrated in Figure 14: is designated as 71. In general, each tumbler is constructed in the usual manner, comprising a flat plate having its ends curved to,con

form to the periphery of the cylinder .20,

and having a key slot 7 3 in some predetermined position with reference to the center of the tumbler, the slots in various tumblers belng n varied positions so that a properly formed key may throw the slots out of alignment and bring the ends of the several tumblers simultaneously into registry with the cylinder. In Figure 11 I- haveshown the tumblers in their normal projected position, and in Figure 12 I have shown the 74. It will be noted from Figure 11 that the tumblers, when projected, extend into the openings and d6 of the barrel, whereby to secure the cylinder against rotation.

In the ordinary form of disk tumbler look a spring is used to keep the several tumblers in their extended positions. is employed the ordinary type of disk tumbler lock is very easily picked, since one tumbler at a time maybe moved to registry with the cylinder and, when released by the picking tool, will remain in its position of registry. under a slight rotative pressure of the cylinder. In'the present form of look no spring is necessary, since if the tumblers are subjected to rotative pressure from the cylinder they interact with the wall of the cylinder or of the barrel and are thereby confined against transverse movement to a position for registry with the cylinder.

The tumblers of the present lock have serrated margins. Tumbler 7 O has a series of teeth extending along one of its margins throughout its length. 'Tumbler 71 has but one tooth adjacent the end of each of its margins. It will be understood, therefore,

, that in using the'term serrated I do not intend to restrict myself to any particular number or form of teeth. lVhile I have illustrated in tumbler teeth, of comparative regularity, it will beunderstood that the showing is intended to be representativeor' all types of teeth, whether regular or ir- If no spring regular, and whether formed by'a' stamping operation, as in the present case, or by cutting, castin'g, or abrading in some otherman ner.

Preferably, however, the serrations are regular and the teeth formed on each of the tumblers 7001- 71 is complementary to the teeth of those members with which the.

tumbler teeth are adapted to interact. The

preferred arrangement is clearly demonstrated in Figure 12 in which, 'with the tumbler in registry withthe cylinder, the points of the tumbler teeth register with the points of the teeth or serrations 36 in the oylinderwall. This particular construction is preferred because in any position in which the teeth of the tumbler intermesh with those of the cylinder, the tumbler will always be projected to one side or the'other of the cylinder and will not be in registry therewith. Consequently, any attempt to pick a lock embodying the present invention must result in intermeshing] the teeth of the tumbler with those of the cylinders, the tumbler being in its locked oroff center position at the time.

The result ofan attempt to pick a lock or this character is shown in FigureslS and 14,

the showing being somewhatexaggerated to bring out the interaction between the parts. It will be noted thatthe cylinder 20 has been rotated slightly with respecttothe barrel 40. At the time such rotation was attempted the tumblers 70, two of which appear in the drawings, were projected slightly in opposite directions from the cylinder into the openings 45 and 46 ofi the barrelf The tumblers 70, being restrained against-rotation by their entry into the said openings or the barrel, have been forced laterally in the.

aperture 35 of cylinder 20', and one of the tumblers has, due to its lateral displacement, had its serrated margin forced into inter locking engagement with theserrations 06 of the cylinder- The othertumbler has been forced away from the serrated portion of the cylinder but its serrated margin has been engaged by the sharp edge 51 of opening 45 in thebarrel. It will be obvious that any attempt to move the plungers transversely of the cylinderwhile. they are subjected to rotative pressure from the cylinder 20 must fail, since each plunger is interlocked either with the barrel or with the cylinder and is thereby restrained against its" normal reciprocative movement. If, however, the key is inserted in the usual way into the key slot26 of the cylinder, its point will enter the slots 7 3 in the several tumblers and will. thereby retract the tumblers if no attempt ismade simultaneously to rotate the cylinder. i

The modified construction'in Figure 14 shows that both margins of the tumblers may conveniently be serrated, if desired. "In this use construction a single notch 7 is formed adjacent each end of each] tumbler margin. Into this notchthe sharp edges 51 ot'openings a and it are receivable, and such edges will obviously enter the said notches it any attempt is made to pick the loci; by draivi the several tumblers individually toward a position for registry with the cylinder at'a time when the cylinder is subjected to rotative pressure. The openings 47 and 48 in the barrel are not illustrated as provided ivith sharp margins 51 for the reason that in the particular loclrhcrein-disclosed it is oniy rryto render the loci; proof agraii iiig in one of the two possible locln positions of the cylinder.

1 claim: r l. lna device of the character described, the combination with lo h cylinder provid ing guideivay for thee al movem nt 01 a key therein, of a tumbler mounted in said cylinder and movable transversely thereof on abroad path transverse movement,

said tumbler b'ei versely inone po and said tumbler and a later-r V U v portion of said cylinder being forn'ied for interaction in. another lateral position of adjustment otsaid tumbler, said umbler being provided with a slot comprising continuation or the guideway oi said :ylinder and adapted in the first mentioned. lateral position ots'aid tumbler to be aligned with saidguidewajy whereby alrey entering said guideway and said slot Will maintain said tumbler infa position for free transverse reciprocation. r p V 2. In a device of thechara-cter described,

lreely r'eciprocable transs'itro'n of lateral adgu v auiacent V the combination with a barrel member provided with a tumbler receiving opening, of transversely apertured cylinder member rotata l e therein and provided with an axiallyextending guideWay for alley, a tumbier in the transverse aperture of the cylinder member and adapted for free transverse reciprocation on a given path in said aperture, said tumbler being of a size permitting it to be laterally displaced With reference to said path and being provided With a slot so positioned. that hen said tumbler is in saidpath said slot will bealigned with said guideway, said tumbler and adjacent lateral portions of said barrel member being pro vided with teeth adapted for interaction when said tumbler is displaced from said path as aforesaid. j

3a In a lock having tumblers arranged for retraction upon key insertion, the combination With a barrel provided With a tumbler receiving opening, of a cylinder rotatably mounted in said barrel and provided with a transverse aperturebounded on one side by a serrated Wall and having an axially extending guideway intersecting said aperture,

and a plurality of slotted tumblers reciprot per-e cable transversely, in the aperture of said cylinder a predeterminedj I h, saidtumblers having serrated margins adapted for interaction with said wall When'displace d from said path and being of such a size that in said path their respective margins Will not interact with saidwvall, together with inder and in the slots of said tumblers and adapted to align said tumbler-son said path, said hey having its sides tormed for interaction with the end of the slots in said tumblers to rccipro te said tumblers in said path to retracted pa tionin said cylinder.

In a lock having tumblers adaptedtor retraction upon, key insertion, thecom bina ti-on With a barrel, member liming tumbler receiving openings, of a cylinder rotatably mounted therein and provided with an axe ape Lure having a serrated side Wall. fa plurality of tumblers trans s'ely' reciprocable in said aperture alon a path v a. ive and oil? a size such as to be adapted for placement from said path, said tumblers provided with 7 slots having side marturn ocacle blers" are in said path and guns variously pos tioned gh reference to "the centersof said tumb ththe serrated. W llof the v i n said cylinder whereby id tummay interact With s a dcylindei to "1 strict theirtreedom are sversereciprocation when displaced from s id pathgnd 'a'key key receivablein the guidervay'of said c ylextending guideway and 'With a trans} l I H 4 V L i r s aligned with sa d gu deiyaywhen the v s. teeth upon said tun iblersadapted tor' reciprocable said guideway and 'liaving sides adapted uO i ltelosely'yvitliin theside margins of the slots of said tumblers ivher'eby to position said tumble-rs on said path upon insertion, said key having end margins adapted for interaction With the end margins of the slots of said tumblers in a manner to reciprocate said tumblers'transversely into retracted position Within said cylinder. i

5. In a lock having tumblersadapted tor retraction upon key insert on, the combina tion with a barrel member having tumbler receiving openings, of a cylinder rotatably mounted therein and provided With an a -V with the serrated Wall of the aperture in said cylinder whereby said turnblersm ay in:

teract with said cylinder to restrict their freedom of transverse reciprocation when displaced from said path and a key reciprocable in said guideway and having sides adapted to fit closely within the side margins of the slots of said tumblers whereby to position said tumblers on said path upon insertion, said key having end margins adapted for interaction with the end margins of the slots of said tumblers in a manner to reciprocate said tumblers transversely into retracted position within said cylinder, the tumbler receiving openings of said barrel member having beveled margins formed to interact with the teeth in the margins of said tumblers whereby said tumblers may be interlocked either with said barrel member or with said cylinder.

'6. In a lock, the combination with a cylinder having a transverse aperture and being provided with a longitudinal keyway, 0t serrations on one side wall of said aperture, slotted tumblers adapted for longitudinal and lateral movement in said aperture and provided with serrations adapted to mate with said serrations in said aperture wall, and a key slidable in said keyway and fitting closely the said keyway and said slots whereby to align said tumblers for tree longitudinal movement in said transverse aperture and away from the serrations of the side wall. I v

7. In a device of the character described the combination with a relatively impenetrable shell having an annular side wall and an annular face provided with an opening, of a cage fitted within said shell and provided with an inwardly extending shoulder on its end remote tromthe opening of said shell and a difierentially diametered-cylinderrotatable within said cage and including a pdrtion journaled in the opening in the annular face of said shell, a shoulderabutting the interior of said shell adjacentsaid opening, a second portion journaled within said cage and a second shoulder abutting the shoulder of said cage, said cylinder being provided with a key slot opening through the portion thereof which is journaled in the opening of said shell.

8. In a device of the character described,

I the combinationot a lock cylinder member provided with an enlarged cylindrical central portion terminating in peripheral shoulders and having an axially extending key slot and a transversely extending tumbler aperture, a plurality of tumblers in said apertures each provided in air-intermediate portion with an opening adapted to be entered by a keyin said slot, a cage comprising a lock barrel element and adapted to fit about the enlarged intermediate portion of said cylinder, a flangeconnected with said cage and adapted to abut one of said shoulders, and a hardened metal case comprising a shell adapted to receive said cage and .provided with a central aperture of a size adapted to receive that portion of said cylinder beyond the other of said shoulders.

9. In ardevice of the'character described, the combination with a loci: cylinder having a transverse slot, of tumblers reciprocable transversely of said cylinder, a barrel cage provided with an opening in which said tumblers are receivable in one position of said cylinder, a shell enclosing said cage and provided, with notches in its margins, lugs connected with said cage and engagedin the notches of said shell, whereby to key said cage to said shell, and a stop plate comprising a collar having interiorly projecting lugs engageable in the said slot ot'said cylinder and a flange projecting radially from said collar and extending arcuately thereabout and terminating in a shoulder adapted to abut one of said lugs.

10. In a device 01": the character described, the combination with a lock cylinder having a transverse aperture provided in aside wall with a series'of pointed teeth, of a'tumbler reciprocable in said aperture and having an end adapted in one position of said tumbler to register with the. periphery of said cylinder, said tumbler being provided along one of its sides with pointed teeth so disposed that in said tumbler position the points of said teeth will register with the points of the .teeth of said cylinder, whereby said teeth can meshonly when said tumbler is 'not in said position otregistry.

11. In adevice out the character described the combination with a barrel having a lat eral opening and a cylinder rotatable in said '1 7 barrel and providedwith a transverse aperture registerable with said opening, of pointed teeth projecting laterally into said aperture from a portion of said cylinder in a regular series, and a plurality of tumblers reciprocable in said aperture and receivable in the opening of said barrel, said tumblers being of a length corresponding substantially to the diameter of said cylinder and being adapted in predetermined positions to register at their extremities with the outside of said cylinder, and pointed teeth projecting laterally from a plurality of said tumblers complementary to the first mentioned teeth, saidrlastmentioned teethlbeing so disposed with reference to the tumblers V from which they project that in said position of registry with their respective tumblers they will present their points to the points of said first mentioned teeth, whereby to prevent meshing of said teeth 7 when a given tumbler is'in said position.

ROBERT K. WINNING;

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