US1144719A - Oil-burner. - Google Patents

Description

W. IVIELAS.

on BURNER APPLICATION FILED MAR. 51 1914.

Patented June 29 www@ HEET I.

w. Mms;

olL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.5.1914.

lcyl Patented June 29,

4 SHEETS-SHEET ma KQ New INVENWR ATTURMEYS vv. MELAS.

OIL BLURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5| 1914.

Lmwm

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patentd June 29, 1915.

Y @wmf 'ocurran N sfrafras ramena carica.

WILLIAM MELAS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, SSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0y DAVID TOWNSEND, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. l

OIL-BURNER.

amavis.

T0 all whom. t may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM Mimes, a citizen of the United States, residingin the city and county of Philadelphia, State'of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and uscful Oil-Burner, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists of a burner for `liquid fuel, in which the fuel is presented to It further consists of such a burner in which the area of the fuel-emission 1s comparatively small but of comparatively large longitudinal extent.

ItI further, consists of such a burner in which the area of fuel emission is less than the area of contact with the diluent.

It furtlie1.-consists of such a burner in which the area of fuel emission is Variable in accordance with the pressure of such fuel.

It further consists of such a burner .in

' which the fuel is distributed over a comparatively large surface for contact with the diluent.

It further consists of such a burner in which the area of fuel emission is automatically controlled between zero and predetermined'maximum area by increase and decrease of the lfuel pressure.

It furtherf consists of such'a burner which. a fuel feeding body is formed with fuel outlet .throughout its length and sur-i rounded by aehamber having an inlet for .y the diluent at one end.

{"It further consists of such a burner in -cal slot.

It further consists;l ofi ,suc,h a burner Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jun@ 29, .1915, Applicatidn filed March 5, 1914. Serial No. 822,553.

formed with a tightly coiled helix having a fuel inlet at one end. y

It further consists of such a burner having a. fuel-feeding body formed from a tightly coiled helical wire having one end closed and having an inlet in the opposite end.

It further consists of such a burner having a fuel-feeding body formed with a tightly-coiled wire helix closed at one and and having fuel inlet at the opposite end., and a casing surrounding such body to form a chamber open at one end and having an inlet for the diluent vat the opposite end.

It further consists of other novel features of construction, all as will be hereinafter set forth. y

The annexed drawing and the following description set forth in detail one mechanical form embodyingthe invention, such detail construction being but one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings-Figure 1 represents an axial section of my vimproved burner.` Fig. 2 represents a side view of the oil feeder. Fig. 3 represents a transverse section of the burner on the line --w, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 represents a transverse sectionon the lline y-fy, inv Fig. 1. Fig. 5 represents an axial section of another form of burner embodying my invention. Fig. 6 represents a side view of the oil-feeder. Fig. .7 reprosents a transverse section of the burner on the line z-z in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 represents an axial section of still another form of burner embodying my invention. Fig. 9 represents a side view of the oil-feeder. Fig. 10 represents an axial section of a further form of burner embodying my invention. Fig. 11 represents a side view of the oil-feeder. Fig. 12 represents atransverse section on the line lw-fw in Fig. 10.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.

Referring to the drawings, the reference numerall indicates a casing, preferably of cast metal and formed `with a tubular and laterally-projecting socket, 2, to which a pipe or similar conduit conveying liquid fuel can be secured, I'and a laterally-projecting tubular nipple, 3, to which a pipe or similar conduit conveying air, steam, or other.

diluent under pressure can be secured. The casing is formed with an axialchamber or bore, 4, the outer end, 5, of which is preferably flared, that end of the casing forming the nozzle of the burner. An enlargement orchamber, 6, continues said bore and has the diluent-inlet, 7 opening into it, and said enlargement is continued into an enlargement' or cylindrical fuel-chamber, 8, of greater diameter, into which -a fuel-inlet,- 9, opens, and forming a beveled shoulder or seat, 10, at the juncture of said chambers. A bore, 11, of still greater diameter is formed to 1the rear-of the fuel-chamber and has an inteinallyscrew-threaded rear-portion, 12,

into which the threaded-portion, 13, of a screw-plug, 14, having a pin, 15, upon its inner end is screwed.

A fuel-feeder `is axially supported within the axial bore -4 and the diluent-chamber 6, and consists of a helix, 16,'of tightly coiled wire, 17, having a plug, 18, preferably outthe inner head of thefuel-feeder,

wardly pointed, in the outer end of the fuelductvformed therein, and closing the same, and a head, 19, having areduced portion, 20, fitted in the inner end of the helix to close` the same, a body, 21, tted in the inner end of the`diluentchamber, and an annular beveled flange, 22, seated upon. the beveled annularseat at the juncture of the two chambers. Said head has an axial bore, 23, which communicateswith the fuel-chamber and the interior of the helix to form a fuel-channel into the latter.I A coiled spring, 24, upon thepin of thescrew-plug and within the fuel-chamber, bears against said plug and holding the flange of the latter tightly against its seat. An annular, narrow and elongated atomizing and mixing chamber, 25, is formed be'- tween thefuel-feeder and the axial bore of `the burner-casing which parts form the walls of such chamber, communicating at its inner end with the diluent supply and having its outer end constituting'the burner-nozzle. In the form illustrated in Figs. 5,6, and 7 of the drawings, the casing, 1, has the diluent-nipple 3A and the diluent inlet 7 vinto the diluent-chamber 6, and the axial bore 4, having in this forma considerably flared outer end, 26, forming the spray-nozzle from the restricted atomizing and mixing chamber 25'. The casing has the fuel inlet-ni ple 2 and the fuel-inlet 9 opening into the elchamber 8, the rear end of which has the: screw-threaded .portion 12, into which the threaded portion 13 of the screw-plug 14E fits. All of these elements are substantially the same'as the corres ondingelements in the form illustrated in i s. 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The fuel-feeder in'thisA orm has the helix 16 formed from the tightly wound coil of .wire 17 tcv form the narrow and clon ated atomizing and 'mixin :chamb'erj25,l eilig` axially supported'withm ofthe casvof a outwardly flaring to ing nozzle-opening 26 of. the bore. The inner head, 28, o the fuel-feeder has its outer end, 29, reduced and fitted in the inner end of the fuel-duct of the helix, and fits in a bore, 30, in the casing between the diluentchamber and the fuel-chamber, and` the inner end, 31, of said head is screw-threaded. A nut, 32, within the fuel-chamber and bearing against'a shoulder, 33, in the outer end of said chamber is screwed upon said threaded ortion of the head, and has transverse nic (s 34, inits inner face for the application ley for turning it, and the rear end of the head is also formed with diametrical nicks, 35, for the application of a screw driver or similar tool for rotating said head.

-fuel inlet 9 of the nipple 2 opens, the end'40,

of which chamber is internally screwthreaded. The fuel feeder in this form of b urner is -conical and the helixv16*1 is inthe shape 'of an' outwardly-daring cone, having a cup-shaped head, 41, closing its wide outer end, and shape to have its conical flare corresponding to that of the bore, -so

that the'atomizing and mixing chamber 25v will be outwardly Haring and conical and of .the same depth .throughout its' length. A

42, outwardly-Haring and conical to correspond to the flare of the helix and the core,

atomizing and mixing chamber, is located within the helix to form an outwardly fiaring and conicalfuel-duct, 43, within said helix, and the inner end, 44, of said core forms a head, fittingin the inner and smaller end of the helix. A'screw-threaded shank, 45, extends inward from said head and has an axial bore, 46, open at'- its inner end andv end throughoutwardly n.

opening at its outer diverging channels, 47, at the inner endof the core into the conical fuel-duct between the latter and the helix. vA lock-nut, 48, upon the shank bears against the inner wall of the diluent chamber. A nut, 49, fits upon the threaded shank the inwardly-facing lwall of the chamber 38, and has .transverseI nicks, .50, in its face for the application of a key orsimilar tool for turning" it. The core has nicks, 51,- for the application of a screwdriver or similar tool-"for turning it. A screizv-plug,l

`52, is screwed into the threaded portion of the fuelicliamber andfliasan and bears against 'end of ltlie shank of the axial recess, 53, to accommodate the end of the shank.

In the form illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, and l2, the casing l has the axial bore 4: 5 formed with the slightly flared outer end 5 of a proportionately larger diameter than the bore in the form illustrated n Figs. l, 2, 3, Aand 4. The casing has the nipples 2 and 3 for fuel and diluent, openingv through the fuel-inlet 9 and' diluent-inlet 7, respectively, into the fuel-chamber 8 and diluentchamber 6. The helix 1Gb is located in the bore 4 and forms the atomizing and mixing chamber Qb, like that in the form illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, vbut an annular head, 54, is fitted in the outer end of said helix and has an outwardly-dared central bore,

the inner end ofwhich is rabbeted, at 56,v

to receive the forward end o-f an inner helix, 57,' similar to but of smaller diameter than the helix, 16", an annular fuel-duct, 58, be` ing formed between said helices. The head 19b has'the reduced portion 20 fitting into the inner end of the outer helix 1Gb, and has the body 21, and the beveled flange 22, bearing against the beveled annular shoulder 10, and the coiled spring 24 in the fuel-chamber bears Aagainst the head a'nd the threaded portion 13 of the screw-plug 14 in the linv ternally threaded end '12 of the fuel chamber, all similar to the corresponding parts of the above-referred to form. The head has longitudinalbores or channels, 59, for y conveying fuel from the fuel-chamber to the inner end of the annular fuel-duct between the helices. The head has an axial bore, 60, and radiating passages or ports,

61, extend from said bore in the reduced i5-formed with a nick, 66, or other provision for a screwdriver or other tool'for turning y it and projecting linto a recess, 67in the end of the screw-plug.r` Said rod has a reduced portion, 68, extending from the radial airports 61, axially through the inner helix,

and has a pointed outer end, 69, in the flaring bore of ,the annular outer head, and a longitudinal annular atomizing and mixing chamber, 70, is formed between the rod and the inner helix.

In practice, the fuel-inlet is connected to a source of liquid fuel, preferably under a head produced by gravity or by pressure upon the liquid, and the diluent-inlet is con- I6e nected to a source of a diluent, such air under pressure, steam, or other iuid in substantially gaseous form. The nozzle ofthe burner is supportedin a tWyer of a furnace Y 'or otherwise supported Where its" flame 1s to be directed. The fuel passes into -thefuell duct in the interior of the fuel-,feeder and seeps through the helical slot formed by the helical wire andforming a continuous restricted fuel inlet of helical form into the atomizing and mixing chamber, where the current of the diluent will strike the attenuated and divided body of fuel, atomizing the same and mixing with it, and conveying the mixture out through the nozzle, where it is ignited and consumed. The helical slot will be expanded and contracted from and to zero width in proportion to the pressure upon the fuel and the impact of the ldiluent in the atomizing and mixing chamber, so that the supply of fuel into said g()v chamber will be. automatically regulated by the demand made upon the mixture. As the diluent and mixture pass along the atomizing and mixing chamber and over the attenuated and divided body of fuel g5 fed into the same, the mixture becomes continuously 'richerby absorbing the atomize'd fuel, and the diluent is continuously charged with fuel throughout its passage through the burner. While the helicalslot between the coils of the helix is comparatively narrow, being closed when at iest and'widening during demand, the surface overwhich the attenuated body of fuel is spread and exposed to thev current of the diluent is large compared with the size of the burner, as such slot, if drawn into a straight line, will be of considerable length compared' with its longitudinal extent when in its helical form. The area of contact in this formv of feeder between the diluent and the fuel will thus, proportionate tor the size andcapacity of the burner, be much greater than in the usual type of injector burner, and the mixture of diluent and comminuted fuel will be more intimate and complete in the present form of burner than in a burner of the injector type. In the present instance the helical slot will automatically enlarge and contract in width due to the pressure of the liquid fuel, from zero to whatever the capacity of longitudinal expansion of. the helix is, so that when the supply pressure has been fixed or set, the volume of fuel discharged from the feeder willbe constant. This is an important feature, since' the density of liquid fuel will sometimes vary as Well as impurities will sometimes pass into the feeder With the fuel, and should a portion of the helicalv slot become clogged,

the fluid pressure in the feeder itself Will increase, due to the smaller discharge area, and thus this i increased pressure in the feeder Will expandy the helixv and thus increase the discharge area sufficiently to providefor the same volume of fuel to bev discharged. Should this expansion 'be suffi-- cient to increase the Width of the helical slot to permit the' passage of the impurities, then the pressure in the feeder will immediately decrease after the impurities have passed through and the helix will automatically lcontract and reduce the discharge area to the proper size to discharge the volume for which the burner was originally set.

By presenting a highly attenuated body of fuel over a comparatively large area to `the action of a current or blast of diluent,

a comparatively large contact of the diluent with the fuel is attained, with consequent fine comminution of the fuel-in the mixture.

vIn the form illustrated in Figs. 1 to Li,v

. the jet of mixture leaves the nozzle substantially straight and forms a comparatively concentrated flame. The jet of mixture and, consequently, the flame in the form illustrated in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, is spread by the of the helical slot in the feeder and flooding of theburner.

f In the burner illustrated in Figs. 10,11

` and 12, two helices are employed, the outer lhelix feeding the fuel inward intoanother.

helix feeding'the fuel outward into an atomizing and mixing chamber, and the inner atomizing and mixing chamber, both helicesformingan annular fuel-duct discharging outward and inward, whereby the capacity of the burner is nearly'doubled lwith a proportionally slight increase in size.

Inall the forms of burner, excepting that illustrated in Figs. 5, (i, 8 and 9, the fuelfeeder anditsaccessories .can be removed by unscrewing the screw-cap and withdrawingl'the interior members. In the form illustrated-in Figs. 5,'6, 8 and 9, the fastenings for the fuel-,feeder are detached and removed by removing the screw-cap, and the fuel-feeder is removed at the flaring end of I the casing'.

Other modes of applying the principley of j my invention may be employed for the mode herein explained. Change may `therefore be'imade as regards the mechanism thus disclosed,f"'provided the principles of construction set forth, respectively, in the following claims are employed.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to lsecure by Let ters Patent, is :-k y l 1. A liquid fuel burner, l comprising a transversely restricted longitudinal passage having an inlet fora 'diluent and forming ous inlet from such duct into expansible fuel-duct having when expanded a helical fuel inlet opening into such pasv I save.

A liquid fuel burner, comprising a transversely restricted longitudinal passage having an inlet for L diluent and forming an atomizing and mixing chamber, and an expansible fuel-duct having when expanded a restricted helical fuel inlet opening into such passage.

3. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a transversely restricted longitudinal passage having an inlet for a diluent and forming an atomizing and mixing chamber, and an expansible fuel-duct forming `one wall of said lpassage and having when expanded a helical fuel inlet into the same. v

4. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a casing formed with a longitudinal chamber, and an expansible fuel-feeder longitudinally supported within such chamber to produce an atomizing and mixing chamber between it and the casing,said latter chamber having an inlet for a diluent and said fuelfeeder formed with an internal fuel-duct and when expanded with a helical continuthe atomizing and mixingchamber. l

5. A li uid fuel burner,x comprising atransverseiy restricted longitudinal passage having an inlet for a diluent and forming an atomizing and mixing chamber, and an expansible fuel-duct having when expanded an extended-helical, automatically expansible and contractible fuel inlet opening into such passage.

6. A yliquid fuel burner, comprising a transversely restricted longitudinal passage lhaving an inlet for a diluent and forming.

an atomizing and mixing chamber,-and an expansible fuel-duct having when expanded a restricted extended helical, automatically expansible and contractible fuel inlet opening into such passage.

A liquid fuel burner, i comprising a transversely restricted longitudinal passage having an inlet for a diluent and forming an atomizing and mixing chamber, and an exl .pansible fuel-duct forming one wall ofsaid passage and having when expanded an extended helical, automatically expansible and contractible fuel inlet into the same.

8. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a transversely restricted longitudinal passage having an inlet for a diluent and forming an atomizing and mixing chamber, land an expansible fuel-duct forming one wall of said passage and having when expanded a continuous helical, automatically expansible and contractible fuel inlet into the same.

9. A liquid-fuel burner, comprising a casing formed with a longitudinal chamber, and an expansible fuel-'feeder longitudinally supported within such chamber to produce an atomizing and mixing chamber between it and the casing, said latter chamber having an 4inlet for a diluent and said fuel-feeder `formed with an internal fuel-duct and when expanded With a continuous helical, automatically expansible and contractible inlet from such duct into the atomizing and mixing chamber.

10. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a casing formed with an axial bore having a nozzle-outlet at one end and a diluent inlet at the otherend, and a fuel feeder axially supported in said bore to form an annular atomizing andy mixing chamber and composed of a helix of Wire forming a fuel duct and vhaving 'one end closed and a fuel-inlet `in the other endand said helix when expanded providing a continuous helical opening.

11. In a liquid fuel burner, an atomizing and mixing passage therein and having means for introducing a diluent therein, and

yexpansible means for discharging a supply a continuous helical body of a fuel into conv tact with the diluent.

14. In a liquid fuel burner, anl atomizing and mixing passage therein and having means for introducing a diluent therein, and means for continuously and progressively admitting liquid fuel into said passage in an unbroken continuity to commingle with A the diluent therein.

15. In a liquid fuel burner, an atomizing and mixing passage therein and having means for introducing a diluent therein, and

0 means actuatedv by the pressure ofthe liquid fuel to form an extended opening for admitting the latter into said passage. A

, 16. Ina liquid fuel burner, an atomizing and mixing passage therein and havin means for introducing a diluent therein, an

means for admitting a ,body of liquid fuel in helicalform throughout substantially the length of said assage to-commingle with the diluent passing therethrough. i

17. In a liquid fuel burner, an 'atomizing and mixing, passage therein and havin means for introducin a diluent therein, an

an .expansible liqui fuel feeder having `when expanded a continuously. extending spiral discharge opening into said passage.

18. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a casing having a bore therethrough, a helical spring having normally closed coi-ls and extending in said bore to form a chamber between it and the Wall of said bore, means for supplying a` diluent under pressure into said chamber, and means for supplying liquid fuel into said spring, the pressure of said fuel serving to expand said spring to admit fuel into said chamber..

1 9. A liquid fuel burner, comprising a casing having a bore therethrough, an axially expansible fuel-feeder providing a helical shit When expanded, said slot serving as a discharge-opening and said fuel feeder extending in said bore to form a chamber be-A tween it and the Wall of said bore, means for supplying a diluent undei'1 pressure into said chamber, and means for supplying liquid fuelinto said fuel-feeder,` the pressure of said fuel serving to expand said fuel-feeder to admit fuel into said chamber.

20. In a liquid fuel burner, a casing having a boire therethrough and an inlet for la diluent, and a fuel feeder in such bore and having a helical discharge port normally closed and adapted to be opened by the pressure of the fuel in the feeder for varying the area ofv said port and the quantity of fuel fed through the saine.

21. In a liquid fuel burner, a casing having a bore therethrough, and an expansible tubular duct supported Within said bore and forming with the Wall thereof. an annular chamber and said duct being adapted to be expanded by pressure of the fuel toforni a helical fuel outlet for admitting the fuel into said annular chamber.

22. In a liquid fuel burner, a casing hav-V ing anuinlet and an outlet nozzle, and an expansible liquid-fuel feeder located Within said casing to form a chamber surrounding it and having an inlet into its interior and When expanded having a circumferential and radiallydirected and longitudinally extending, contractible and expansible helical fuel inlet into said surrounding chamber.

23. Ina liquid fuel burner, a casing having an outwardly flaringbore and an inlet for a diluentat the inner end of said bore, and an outwardly flaring expansible fuelfeeder supported Within said borev to form an outwardly Haring annular atomizing and mixing chamber and formed when expanded with a longitudinal fuel duct having a helical fuel inlet in to said chamber and a fuelinlet at one end.

24. In a liquid-fuel burner, acasing hav-. ing an outwardly Haring bore and an inletfora diluent at the inner end of said bore, an outwardly aring expansible fuel feeder supported Within said bore to form an outwardly Haring annular atomizing and mixing chamberand having when expanded a helical and longitudinally extending fuel inlet into said chamber, and an 'outwardly d Haring core supported within said feeder to form a flaring annular fuel-duct between it 'and the feeder and having a. fuel-inlet at its inner end.

25. In a liquid fuel burner, a. casing hav-;

ing an outwardly Haring bore and an inlet for a diluent at the innerend of' said bore, an outwardly iaring expansible fuel feeder supported Within sa1d bore to form an outwardly flaring annular atomizing and mixing chamber and havin when expanded a helical andlongitudinal y-extending expan` sible andI contractible fuely inlet into said chamber, and -an outwardly Haring core supported within said feeder to form a flaring annular fuel-duct between it and the feeder and having a fuel-inletat itsq'inner end.

26. In a liquid fuel burner, an atomizing and mixing chamber, means in said chamber for forming a continuous helical body of liquid of small width and of considerable extent in a longitudinal direction for feeding the liquid as the latter is atomized and

Images