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US10934851B2 - Leading edge shield - Google Patents

Leading edge shield Download PDF

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Publication number
US10934851B2
US10934851B2 US16/064,473 US201616064473A US10934851B2 US 10934851 B2 US10934851 B2 US 10934851B2 US 201616064473 A US201616064473 A US 201616064473A US 10934851 B2 US10934851 B2 US 10934851B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
leading
shield
side wing
blade
suction
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US16/064,473
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US20190024512A1 (en
Inventor
Jérémy GUIVARC'H
Alain Jacques Michel Bassot
Gérald DIOGO
Jean-Louis ROMERO
Thibault RUF
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Application filed by Safran Aircraft Engines SAS filed Critical Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Assigned to SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES reassignment SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BASSOT, ALAIN JACQUES MICHEL, DIOGO, Gérald, GUIVARC'H, Jérémy, ROMERO, JEAN-LOUIS, RUF, Thibault
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/324—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/303—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the leading edge of a rotor blade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • turbomachine is used in this context to mean any machine in which energy can be transferred between a fluid flow and at least one set of blades, e.g. such as a compressor, a pump, a turbine, a propeller, or indeed a combination of at least two of the above.
  • Such leading-edge shields are typically for protecting the leading edges of rotating blades or of guide vanes against impacts.
  • the term “blades” is used in this context both for fan blades and for the blades of an aircraft propeller.
  • such blades are typically mainly in the form of a blade body made of organic matrix composite material, e.g. a polymer, reinforced by fibers.
  • organic matrix composite material e.g. a polymer
  • Shields typically made of very strong metal material such as titanium alloys, are thus normally installed on the leading edges of such blades, in order to protect them against such impacts.
  • Such shields are normally in the form of a thin pressure-side wing and a thin suction-side wing joined together by a thicker section overlying the leading edge, the wings and the thicker section fitting closely to the shape of the blade on the leading edge and on the adjacent pressure-side and suction-side sections.
  • the pressure-side and suction-side wings extend along a height and along a length respectively over these pressure-side and suction-side sections of the blade, they serve mainly to ensure that the shield is positioned and fastened on the leading edge, and they also serve to distribute the force of an impact and to dissipate its energy over a larger area of the blade body.
  • the pressure-side wing typically presents a greater length than the suction-side wing over the entire height of the shield, since the pressure side of the blade is more exposed to impacts. Nevertheless, in particular on rotary blades, this additional length of the pressure-side wing leads to the drawback of significantly increasing the weight of the shield, and thus its inertia about an axis aligned with the height direction.
  • the present disclosure seeks to remedy those drawbacks by proposing a leading-edge shield for a turbomachine blade that makes it possible to provide protection that is appropriate for the pressure side of the blade with weight and inertia that are reduced.
  • this object is achieved by the fact that, in said leading-edge shield, which may be made of metal material and have a pressure-side wing and a suction-side wing, each extending along a height and along a length and being connected together over their height, the pressure-side wing presents a greater length than the suction-side wing over a first segment of the leading-edge shield, and an equal or smaller length than the suction-side wing over a second segment of the leading-edge shield.
  • Said first segment of the shield may extend over at least 60% of the height of the pressure-side and suction-side wings.
  • the depth of the pressure-side wing may remain equal to or greater than 70% of the depth of the suction-side wing, or indeed 85%.
  • the present disclosure also provides a blade extending along a height from a blade root to a blade tip and comprising a blade body and such a leading-edge shield assembled to the blade body, the blade body being made of composite material having a polymer matrix reinforced by fibers, the leading-edge shield being made of a material that withstands point impacts better than the composite material of the blade body, and the first segment of the shield being closer to the blade root than is the second segment.
  • the present disclosure also provides a turbomachine having a plurality of such blades, a fan having a plurality of such blades, and a turbofan including such a fan.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a turbofan
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrammatic perspective views respectively of the pressure side and of the suction side of a rotary blade of the FIG. 1 turbojet fan in one embodiment of the blade;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are fragmentary section views of the blade of FIGS. 2A and 2B , respectively on planes III-III and IV-IV.
  • FIG. 1 shows a turbofan 10 having a gas generator unit 12 and a fan 14 .
  • the fan 14 has a plurality of rotary blades 16 arranged radially around a central axis X, the blades being aerodynamically profiled so as to impel air when they rotate and being surrounded by a fan casing 50 .
  • each blade 16 presents a leading edge 18 , a trailing edge 20 , a pressure side 22 , a suction side 24 , a blade tip 26 , and a blade root 28 .
  • the relative airflow is oriented substantially towards the leading edge 18 of each blade 16 .
  • the leading edge 18 is particularly exposed to impacts.
  • the blade 16 comprises a blade body 30 made of composite material, in particular having a polymer matrix reinforced by fibers, it is appropriate to protect the leading edge 18 with a leading-edge shield 32 integrated in each blade.
  • the leading-edge shield 32 is assembled on the blade body 30 .
  • the leading-edge shield 32 is made of a material that is better at withstanding point impacts than is the composite material of the blade body 30 .
  • the leading-edge shield 32 is made mainly of metal, and more specifically out of a titanium-based alloy such as TA6V (Ti-6Al-4V), for example.
  • the leading-edge shield 32 could equally well be made of steel or of the metal alloy commonly referred to by the registered trademark InconelTM.
  • InconelTM The term “Inconel” is used below to refer to an alloy based on iron alloyed with nickel and chromium.
  • the leading-edge shield 32 has a pressure-side wing 34 , a suction-side wing 36 , both of which extend along a height H of the shield 32 , and a thicker central section 38 that is to overlie an edge of the blade body 30 and that joins together the pressure-side wing 34 and the suction-side wing 36 over the height H.
  • the pressure-side and suction-side wings 34 and 36 serve to position the shield 32 on the blade body 30 .
  • Each of the pressure-side and suction-side wings 34 and 36 presents a free edge 40 or 42 , and each extends along a length from the central section 38 to the corresponding free edge 40 or 42 .
  • the relative airflow normally presents a certain angle of attack relative to the leading edge 18 , with the pressure side of the blade 16 being more exposed to impacts in the proximity of the leading edge 18 than is the suction side.
  • the length l of the pressure-side wing 34 measured from the leading edge 18 to the free edge 40 is longer than the length L of the suction-side wing 36 measured from the leading edge 18 to the corresponding free edge 42 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the length l of the pressure-side wing 34 can be reduced so as to become equal to or less than the length L of the suction-side wing 36 in a second segment S 2 of the leading-edge shield 32 that is closer to the blade tip 26 than to the blade root 28 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the weight, and above all the inertia, of the shield 32 can be reduced without having any significant negative impact on the protection provided by the leading-edge shield 32 .
  • the length l of the pressure-side wing 34 may remain equal to or greater than 70%, or indeed 85% of the length L of the suction-side wing 36 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of turbomachine blades, and more specifically to a leading-edge shield (32) for a turbomachine blade (16), said leading-edge shield (32) having a pressure-side wing (34) and a suction-side wing (36), each extending along a height and along a length, the wings being connected together over their height, the pressure-side wing (34) presenting a greater length than the suction-side wing (36) over a first segment (S1) of the leading-edge shield (32), and an equal or smaller length than the suction-side wing (36) over a second segment (S2) of the leading-edge shield (32).

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is the U.S. national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/FR2016/053603, filed on Dec. 21, 2016, which claims priority to French Patent Application No. 1563004, filed on Dec. 21, 2015, the entireties of each of which are herein incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a leading-edge shield for a turbomachine blade. The term “turbomachine” is used in this context to mean any machine in which energy can be transferred between a fluid flow and at least one set of blades, e.g. such as a compressor, a pump, a turbine, a propeller, or indeed a combination of at least two of the above.
Such leading-edge shields are typically for protecting the leading edges of rotating blades or of guide vanes against impacts. The term “blades” is used in this context both for fan blades and for the blades of an aircraft propeller. In order to limit their weight, such blades are typically mainly in the form of a blade body made of organic matrix composite material, e.g. a polymer, reinforced by fibers. Although such materials present mechanical qualities that are generally very favorable, in particular compared with their weight, they are nevertheless somewhat sensitive to point impacts. Shields, typically made of very strong metal material such as titanium alloys, are thus normally installed on the leading edges of such blades, in order to protect them against such impacts. Such shields are normally in the form of a thin pressure-side wing and a thin suction-side wing joined together by a thicker section overlying the leading edge, the wings and the thicker section fitting closely to the shape of the blade on the leading edge and on the adjacent pressure-side and suction-side sections. The pressure-side and suction-side wings extend along a height and along a length respectively over these pressure-side and suction-side sections of the blade, they serve mainly to ensure that the shield is positioned and fastened on the leading edge, and they also serve to distribute the force of an impact and to dissipate its energy over a larger area of the blade body. For this reason, the pressure-side wing typically presents a greater length than the suction-side wing over the entire height of the shield, since the pressure side of the blade is more exposed to impacts. Nevertheless, in particular on rotary blades, this additional length of the pressure-side wing leads to the drawback of significantly increasing the weight of the shield, and thus its inertia about an axis aligned with the height direction.
OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure seeks to remedy those drawbacks by proposing a leading-edge shield for a turbomachine blade that makes it possible to provide protection that is appropriate for the pressure side of the blade with weight and inertia that are reduced.
In at least one embodiment, this object is achieved by the fact that, in said leading-edge shield, which may be made of metal material and have a pressure-side wing and a suction-side wing, each extending along a height and along a length and being connected together over their height, the pressure-side wing presents a greater length than the suction-side wing over a first segment of the leading-edge shield, and an equal or smaller length than the suction-side wing over a second segment of the leading-edge shield.
By means of these provisions, it is possible to reduce the weight and the inertia of the shield when the blade body on the pressure side is less exposed to impacts and/or is less affected by impacts in said second segment of the shield than in said first segment.
Said first segment of the shield may extend over at least 60% of the height of the pressure-side and suction-side wings. In order to continue to provide sufficient protection for the pressure side in said second segment of the shield, the depth of the pressure-side wing may remain equal to or greater than 70% of the depth of the suction-side wing, or indeed 85%.
The present disclosure also provides a blade extending along a height from a blade root to a blade tip and comprising a blade body and such a leading-edge shield assembled to the blade body, the blade body being made of composite material having a polymer matrix reinforced by fibers, the leading-edge shield being made of a material that withstands point impacts better than the composite material of the blade body, and the first segment of the shield being closer to the blade root than is the second segment.
The present disclosure also provides a turbomachine having a plurality of such blades, a fan having a plurality of such blades, and a turbofan including such a fan.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention can be well understood and its advantages appear better on reading the following detailed description of an embodiment shown as a nonlimiting example. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a turbofan;
FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrammatic perspective views respectively of the pressure side and of the suction side of a rotary blade of the FIG. 1 turbojet fan in one embodiment of the blade; and
FIGS. 3 and 4 are fragmentary section views of the blade of FIGS. 2A and 2B, respectively on planes III-III and IV-IV.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a turbofan 10 having a gas generator unit 12 and a fan 14. The fan 14 has a plurality of rotary blades 16 arranged radially around a central axis X, the blades being aerodynamically profiled so as to impel air when they rotate and being surrounded by a fan casing 50. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3, and 4, each blade 16 presents a leading edge 18, a trailing edge 20, a pressure side 22, a suction side 24, a blade tip 26, and a blade root 28.
In normal operation, the relative airflow is oriented substantially towards the leading edge 18 of each blade 16. Thus, the leading edge 18 is particularly exposed to impacts. In particular when the blade 16 comprises a blade body 30 made of composite material, in particular having a polymer matrix reinforced by fibers, it is appropriate to protect the leading edge 18 with a leading-edge shield 32 integrated in each blade. In other words, the leading-edge shield 32 is assembled on the blade body 30.
The leading-edge shield 32 is made of a material that is better at withstanding point impacts than is the composite material of the blade body 30. The leading-edge shield 32 is made mainly of metal, and more specifically out of a titanium-based alloy such as TA6V (Ti-6Al-4V), for example. The leading-edge shield 32 could equally well be made of steel or of the metal alloy commonly referred to by the registered trademark Inconel™. The term “Inconel” is used below to refer to an alloy based on iron alloyed with nickel and chromium.
The leading-edge shield 32 has a pressure-side wing 34, a suction-side wing 36, both of which extend along a height H of the shield 32, and a thicker central section 38 that is to overlie an edge of the blade body 30 and that joins together the pressure-side wing 34 and the suction-side wing 36 over the height H. The pressure-side and suction- side wings 34 and 36 serve to position the shield 32 on the blade body 30. Each of the pressure-side and suction- side wings 34 and 36 presents a free edge 40 or 42, and each extends along a length from the central section 38 to the corresponding free edge 40 or 42.
The relative airflow normally presents a certain angle of attack relative to the leading edge 18, with the pressure side of the blade 16 being more exposed to impacts in the proximity of the leading edge 18 than is the suction side. For this reason, in the embodiment shown, in a first segment S1 of the leading-edge shield 32 adjacent to the blade root 28 and extending over at least 60% or indeed 75% of the height H of the leading-edge shield, the length l of the pressure-side wing 34 measured from the leading edge 18 to the free edge 40 is longer than the length L of the suction-side wing 36 measured from the leading edge 18 to the corresponding free edge 42, as shown in FIG. 3.
Nevertheless, because of the twisting of the blades and/or because of the casing 50, which presents an inlet that is smaller than the fan 14, is less exposed to high energy impacts. Thus, the length l of the pressure-side wing 34 can be reduced so as to become equal to or less than the length L of the suction-side wing 36 in a second segment S2 of the leading-edge shield 32 that is closer to the blade tip 26 than to the blade root 28, as shown in FIG. 4. Thus, the weight, and above all the inertia, of the shield 32 can be reduced without having any significant negative impact on the protection provided by the leading-edge shield 32. In this second segment S2 of the leading-edge shield 32, the length l of the pressure-side wing 34 may remain equal to or greater than 70%, or indeed 85% of the length L of the suction-side wing 36.
Although the present invention is described with reference to a specific embodiment, it is clear that various modifications and changes can be undertaken on those embodiments without going beyond the general ambit of the invention as defined by the claims. Also, individual characteristics of the various embodiments mentioned may be combined in additional embodiments. Consequently, the description and the drawings should be considered in a sense that is illustrative rather than restrictive.

Claims (10)

The invention claimed is:
1. A leading-edge shield for a turbomachine blade, said leading-edge shield having a pressure-side wing and a suction-side wing, each extending along a height and along a length, the wings being connected together over their height, the pressure-side wing presenting a greater length than the suction-side wing over a first segment of the leading-edge shield, and an equal or smaller length than the suction-side wing over a second segment of the leading-edge shield, wherein the first segment of the shield extends over at least 60% of the height of the pressure-side and suction-side wings.
2. The leading-edge shield according to claim 1, wherein in said second segment of the shield, the length of the pressure-side wing remains equal to or greater than 70% of the length of the suction-side wing.
3. The leading-edge shield according to claim 2, wherein in said second segment of the shield, the length of the pressure-side wing remains equal to or greater than 85% of the length of the suction-side wing.
4. The shield according to claim 1, made of metal material.
5. A blade extending along a height from a blade root to a blade tip and comprising a blade body and the leading-edge shield according to claim 1 assembled on the blade body, the blade body being made of a composite material having a polymer matrix reinforced by fibers, and the leading-edge shield being made of a material with better point impact resistance than the composite material of the blade body.
6. The blade according to claim 5, wherein the first segment of the leading-edge shield is closer to the blade root than is the second segment of the leading-edge shield.
7. A turbomachine including a plurality of blades according to claim 5.
8. A fan including a plurality of blades according to claim 5.
9. A turbofan including an engine and the fan according to claim 8.
10. The turbofan according to claim 9, further comprising:
a fan casing surrounding the fan, and including an inlet smaller than the fan.
US16/064,473 2015-12-21 2016-12-21 Leading edge shield Active US10934851B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1563004 2015-12-21
FR1563004A FR3045710B1 (en) 2015-12-21 2015-12-21 ATTACK SHIELD
PCT/FR2016/053603 WO2017109404A1 (en) 2015-12-21 2016-12-21 Leading edge shield

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US20190024512A1 US20190024512A1 (en) 2019-01-24
US10934851B2 true US10934851B2 (en) 2021-03-02

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US (1) US10934851B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3394397B2 (en)
JP (1) JP6980661B2 (en)
CN (1) CN108474258B (en)
BR (1) BR112018012740B1 (en)
CA (1) CA3009452A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3045710B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2727825C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2017109404A1 (en)

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FR3121475A1 (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-07 Safran Aircraft Engines STATOR BLADE FOR A TURBOMACHINE WITH A METAL SHIELD

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