US1049735A - Blasting apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

APPLICATION FILED MAY 3l, 1911 ?aented Jan. 7, 1913.

20H/neuw 1 @Jim A. KOWASTGH. BLASTING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILEDy MAY s1, 1911.

pgj, Patened Jan. 7, 1915 3 SEEETSHEET 2.

MMM. Y

they arebrought into contact with each other and therefore render the addition of other` substances for the purpose of. forming a blasting charge impossible. The appliances serving to carry out the process may be constructed in manifold ways according tothe nature of the explosive. A few of such appliances are illustrated in the drawing.

Figure 1 shows an appliance in horizontal section and Fig. 2 the same appliance in vertical section which may be used for blasting by means of liquid air in particular. Figs. 2a and 2b are cross-sections on the lines A-B and C-`D of Fig. 2; Fig. 2C is a vertical section of a broken off portion of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, the movable parts being in another position than in Fig. 2; Figs. 3, l and 5 are vertical sectionsot modified forms of my new device; Figs. 5f* and 5b are cross-sections on the lines E-F and G-H of Fig. 5; Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a further modification of my invention; Fig. 6a is a cross-section on line l-K ot Fig. 6; Fig. 6b is a front view of the dish 11 of Fig. 6; Fig. 7 is a plan of the arrange mentshown in Fig. 6; Fig. S is a vertical section of another modification of the device forming! the objectof my invention.

The ore hole 1 in which is made an enlargement 2, is nearly filled up by a plug 3 consisting of a suitable material, metal, etc. If the bore hole is not of the same diameter along the whole of its length, the plug is made to iit .the bore holeapproximately. The plug 3 has a. central passage 4 running through it to its end situated next to the blasting chamber, while its opposite end is a solid cylinder which is adapted to work r fiuidtight or gastight in the hollow cylinder 6. In the passage 4 and coaxial therewith is ,placed a tube 7 andv inside this in its turnA with ample clearance and rigidly connected thereto is a tube S. To enable the tubes 7 and 8 to be usoved axially the cylindrical portions and 6 are provided with recesses 9 and 10, (Figs. 2 and 2".) and on the tube 7 is placed a handle 11 which passes through the slots 9 and 10. At its rear end the tube 7 carries conical jaws 12, which when'the tube is pulled forward Jforce the locking parts 13 apart and into the enlarge ment 2 of the bore hole and so secure the plug therein. At the rear end of the tubes 7 and S and lying in the prolongation there of are shorttubular pieces 14 and 15. These tubular pieces are rigidly connected to each other at a mutual distance apartand can be drawn back by a chain 17 which is at tached to a projection 1G on the tube 15, passes through the tube 7 to the mouth ot' the` bore hole and there terminates in a handle 1S. [it the rear end ot' the block is also a closing valve 2() which is controlled by a spring i9 aud which immediately the tubular pieces l-i and l5 are drawn backshuts them o, (Fig. 2C). By suitably modifying the arrangement the tubes 14 and 15 could be sluit otf separately. -The tube 8 also7 which serves asl an inlet. tube, may be used as an outlet tube, and in like manner the outlet tube 7 may be used as an inlet tube. To the rear end 5 of the plug 3 is attached a tube 21 which reaches into the blasting chamber 22 and is perforated. A passage 23 in the rear end of the plug 3 connects the blasting chamber 22 with the interior of the tubes 14 and 15 so that gases can therefor-epass out ot the blasting chamber 22 through the passage 23 into the space between the tubes 14 and 15, thence into the space between the tubes 7 and 8 and from there into the open air. Aslong as the tubes 7 and 8 or 14 and15 are not closed by the valve 2O7 liquid air or gases or liquids can be introduced from a receptacle 24 through the tubes S, 15 and 21 into the blasting cha-mber 22. The liquids may also carry with them solid bodies in the form of powder.

ln the rear part of the plug 3 are provided passages 25, (Figs. 1, 2 and 2n), which connect the' blasting chamber 22 with the enlargement 2 of the bore hole. When the bore hole is being 'charged these holes are closed by a disk 26 with a packing disk lying in front of it and the thickness of which is of such dimensions that the gas pressure produced by the explosion in the blasting chamber can not perforate it. The explosion only perforates the disk at the points where the passages are and allows the gases to pass through them into the enlargement 2. Finally there is inserted in the plug 3 and in a passage provided for it the fuse 27, which terminates in the primer 28. In the case of many explosives this latter may be omitted,` as where the bore hole is securely tamped the danger of the lining thereof being driven out is avoided and the use of simple flame ignition is therefore rendered possible. The part 3 is separated trom the part 6 by apackng 29, the purpose of which is to bar the w ay into the open air of any gases which may penetrate thereinto. The cylindrical part G slides in the hollow cylinder 30, which is filled with water, oil or the like and is supported against the prop 3l, by the wedge 32 or in some other manner. The pressure 'foriorcing up the part 6 may be produced by a pump 33.

The operation of the device shown in Figs. l, 2, 21, 2b and 2c is as follows: After the elements of the device have been assembled, the

plug 3 and dependent parts are introduced* indor il() or the like is locked in its' position by the prop 3l und the wedge 32. Further,

the ilame and be provided with openings closed by Stoppers 13. By the pressure of the explosion gases these Stoppages are driven out and the coal which comes down rand the head or end ot the gallery can be subjected to a spraying with gas or water by the action of the explosion gases. The apparatus is rendered liquid and gas-tight by the packing 1st which consists of some suitable material, such as asbestos` ete., and is compressed by a nut 15 which is tightened up by a Spanner inserted in the holes 16. Two or more securing devices serve to secure the cross bar 17. Against it bears the spring 18 so that the meansfor holding the apparatus in the bore hole is elastic. By slightly moditying the appliance shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 one or more other substances may be introduced into the explosion chamber for the purpose of obtaining explosive mixtures with the bodies produced by the electrical decomposition.

Fig. 5 shows an arrangement for holding the apparatus in the bore hole 4in which there is inserted between the blasting charge and the means for holding the apparatus in the bore hole a part or parts which provide elasticity at the instant of the explosion. The strength of this part or these parts is so calculated that should the blasting charge produce any pressure in the bore hole before the explosion ensues, the parts resist it, yet are shattered by the pressure ot the explosion and driven into the enlargement of the bore hole. In this way the pressure upon the means for holding the apparatus in the bore is lessened, which in the case of some coal prevents the' apparatus from being driven out of the bore hole and in general reduces the wear of the means for keeping it therein. The bore hole 1 again has an enlargement 2 in which the bolt 3 engages, (Fig. 51). The block 4 contains three passages 5, 6 and 7, of which the passage 5 is the inlet passage, the passage 6 the outlet passage and the passage 7 the passage for the tiring wire. As in the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2 there arelin the interior of the block two tubes 8 endl) which are rigidly connected to each 'other and canbe rotated by a handle 10. Each tube has at its rear end an opening, the tube 8 having an opening 11 and the tube 9 an opening 12. In the osition shown the tubes 9 and 8 communicate with the passages 5 andA 6 respectively through these holes, (Fig. 5b). For the purpose of preparing the charge the tube 9 is connected with the filling vessel by means of the hose 13. After the charge has been prepared the passages 5 and 6 are shut oill by turning the arms 10.

The appliances described are intended to permit ot being used repeatedly. lt is however desirable, in order to make the use ot the process general in practice to have gas and iuidtight explosion chambers the locking and packing of which are so simple and cheap that the use of the apparatus once only oi'ers no obstacle to the employment of the process from a monetary point 02h70 view. Fig. 6 shows such a gas and fluidtight blasting chamber locked in vertical section and Fig. 7 is a plan view thereof. In the bore hole 1 is an enlargement 2 of any desired shape and size. largeinents may also be provided. Into the bore hole lits a plug 3 consisting of any desired material of suitable strength and from which a bolt 5 controlled by `a spring 4 can emerge for the purpose of entering the enlargement of the bore hole. The bolt may also be moved outward by its own Weight or by litt or tension or by thev pressure of the gases in the interior of the bore hole, in short in any desired manner. 3 is traversed by three passages 7, S and 6, (Fig. 6a) for the inlet and outlet and for the firing wire. These passages may be reduced to two or one in which the others are inclosed, similar to that shown in Figs. 2 and 90 5. Behind this plug may be conveniently placed a paper bag 9 filled with some .plastic tamping material and behind this again may lie a turned up packing ring 10. The outlet tube is either turned up in the paper bag or in front of the cartridge in order to catch and carry away at the top any escaping gases. At the side of the plugl next the mouth of the bore hole is likewise placed a layer of plastic packing material 14, through ma which `the inlet and outlet passages are formed by pieces of tube inserted therein; the firing wire 6 running alon the side of the plug, (Fig. 7), is bent up in front and passed through a radial slot in the central pleted, the inlet and outlet tubes are drawn A back and the plate 11 is screwed on by the aid of a Spanner which lits on to the pro jections 13. By this means the packing composition 14 is compressed and the openings in the passages closed.

For the purpose ot convenientlling-a' plug 15 is pushed into the front end of the bore hole and around it are slung chains or cords 1G from which the vessel contaim ing the substance to be introduced is suspended. luto this vessel passes a stopper 1S which closes it lightly. lf liquids which give olin gases, ,such as liquid oxygen or hydrogen for example. are to be introduced1 the safety Jerk Vtitl is closed, so that the 'fj- Several en- 75 The plug 85 lrVhen the 110 i liquid and gases are conveyed into the blastmg chamber 2l under the rising pressure. If liquids which do not produce any pressure or bodies in the form of powder or dust are introduced into the blasting chamber, the necessary pressure is produced by a pump. After filling is completed the plug l5 and the.vessel 17 together With the inlet and outlet pipes are removed. The tamping plugs may obviously be also constructed in another form. If circumstances permit of it the blasting chamber may also be closed by the ordinary tamping plug of filling material, loam, sand and the like instead of a rigid tamping plug. The tubes for the subsequent introduction of explosive constituents into the blasting chamber thenpass through this tamping plug.. The `lining plugs may also vbe provided in addition to the locking device with the packings common to lining plugs.`

So far it has been assumed that always one bore hole is to be charged and fired. It is obvious however that several bore holes may be charged in the manner described and then iired. This may be conveniently done in the manner shown in Fig. 8. l is a receptacle placed upon a raised stand and containing any desired blasting liquid. From the receptacle leads a pipe 2 to which are connected the supply pipes 3 leading to the several bore holes. If the blasting chamber is above the level of the blasting liquid contained in the receptacle 1, the liquid must be forced into it by a special pump 4 through a pipe 5. When liquid air is used the pump may be dispensed with even When the level of the several bore holes is above the surface of the liquid inthe receptacle l, provided the receptacle be closed airtight. In such case the pressure produced by the evaporations of the liquid -may be utllized to force the liquid into-the blasting chamber.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim und desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is l. In combination with a blasting chamber and an igniting device, an apparatus for producing blasting charges, comprising a tamping plug secured' in the bore-hole by a locking device and closing tightly said blasting chamber, said tamping plug bein provided with a channel for receiving sai igniting device, an obturable inlet passage, through which constituents of -explosives can be introduced before closing the blastduring the filling of the bore-hole, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus for producing explo-` sive blasting charges, the combination with inlet and outlet passages coaxial to each other and to the tamping plug; of means for obturating both passages together, substantially as described.-

3. In an apparatus for producing sive blasting charges, the combination With inlet and outlet passages coaxial to each other and to the'tamping plug, of valves adapted to close said passages either together or separately, substantially as described.

4. In an apparatus for producing explosive blasting charges, the arrangement of inlet and outlet passages or tubes, whose ends are formed of telescoping tube pieces, a pulling device adapted to draw said telescoping tube pieces back in the blastin chamber, and a valve adapted to close sai passages or tubes by its own Weight substantially as described.

5. In an apparatus for producing blasting charges, the arrangement, of a tamping plug, a plate preferably held in osition by screwing and adapted to be peribrated under the influence of the explosion, a channel arranged in said tamping plug, and a vessel or receptacle connected to said channel, said vessel or receptacle being adapted to take up a part of the explosion gases, substantially as described.

6. In an apparatus for producing blasting charges, the combination of a vessel or receptacle, a channel in connection thereexplowith, and Stoppers to be blown olf under the influence of the explosion, substantially as described.

7. In an apparatus for producing blasting charges, the combination of a vessel or receptacle, an outlet tube, and a safety valve closing said outlet tube, the latter containing means for absorbing the heat of th iiame, substantially as described.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this fteenth day of May 1911 in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

AMBROSE KOWASTCH. Witnesses:

PETER Murrnu'r, HENRY H.\srun.

Images