UA53880A - Method of stimulating growth, development and fruiting of higher basidial edible fungus lentinus edodes (berk.) sing. - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of stimulating growth, development and fruiting of the higher basidial edible fungus Lentius edodes (Berk.) based on the effect of laser radiation influence on dicaryotic mycelium. The irradiation of dicaryotic mycelium is carried out by means of continuous irradiation in the red spectral region at a rate of 230 mJ/сm2.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention belongs to biotechnology. in particular, to the method of stimulating the growth, development and fruiting of 2 mushrooms in order to increase its productivity, yield and shorten the cultivation period.

The influence of various light sources on the growth of fruiting and sporulation in certain types of mushrooms is known. Some species require light for sporulation, in others light inhibits sporulation, and still others sporulate normally both in the dark and in light. Different spectra and different wavelengths stimulate or inhibit this or that phase of development (vegetative growth, fruiting, etc.) or affect any physiological and biochemical 70 indicators (pigmentation, biosynthetic activity, etc.) (N.I. Zhdanova, A .I. Vasilevska. Extreme ecology of fungi in nature and experiment. Naukova Dumka, 1982). There are known facts that indicate a stimulating effect

UV rays (source - laser LGI-21) on the productivity of two-spored champignon strains (N.A. Bysko, A.S. Bukhalo.

S.N. Wasser et al. Higher edible basidiomycetes in surface and deep culture. Naukova Dumka, 1983).

The mycelium of the mushroom was inoculated onto a nutrient medium (wort-agar) in quartz tubes and placed on the 3rd day at 12 a thermostat, where the temperature was maintained at 24 - 2570. On the 4th day, the mushroom colonies, which reached 1 - 2 mm in diameter, were irradiated, using exposures 1Osek, 1 and bhv. The stimulating effect of laser irradiation increased with an increase in radiation energy density in the range from 0.16 to 4.80 J/cm 2. When irradiating the mycelium of common mushroom G with rays (5 - 10 krad), a certain increase in the yield of fruiting bodies was observed (Kudama ei ai. piIimu ivighispe. Revi gati. (975.-13. Mo 1. - v. 85 - 86.)

The disadvantage of this method should be considered as follows: UV radiation is one of the types of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between visible light and X-rays. Excitation of atoms in macromolecules under UV radiation makes them highly reactive and causes various photochemical reactions. The most important of them is dimerization of pyrimidines. This is accompanied by the breaking of hydrogen bonds between DNA strands and local denaturation of the double-stranded DNA molecule, which leads to a change in its configuration. Ionization of the atoms that make up the DNA macromolecule, under the influence of Г rays of the lag "impulse the passage of various radiation-chemical reactions that lead to changes in their macromolecules. As a result of these processes - the occurrence of unwanted mutations, the disappearance of useful features and the appearance of unwanted ones (I.A.

Zakharov, S.V. Kovaltsova, T.N. Kozhina and others. Mutational process in fungi. Science, 1980).

There are known methods of stimulating the growth of yeast and soybean E by exposure to low-intensity laser radiation in the visible part of the spectrum (He-Me laser 632.8 nm). The magnitude of the stimulation effect also depends on the intensity of light of a given wavelength (T.I. Karu. On the molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effect of low-intensity laser light radiation. Dokl. Akad. Nauk 1986. T. 291, Mo. 5, p. 1245 - 49.) co

There is a known method of activating the germination of basidiospores of Negisisht egipazeitz and the growth obtained from these basidiospores of monospore cultures, which is based on the effect on the basidiospores of laser radiation (He-Me laser) in the red region of the spectrum in doses from 45 to 230 mJ/cm?. As a result of the manipulations, the number of germinated spores increases by 10-109 times in different strains, their germination time decreases, and the growth rate of monospore cultures increases (Declaratory Patent of Ukraine A 01 51/04. The method of activating the germination of spores of a higher basidial fungus Negisitst egipazeiv 04/16/2001 ) "

However, the effect of low-intensity laser light radiation on the growth and development of basidiomycetes, their yield and productivity has not yet been studied.

The basis of the invention of the method of stimulating the growth, development and fruiting of the higher basidial fungus I epiipis:z" edodesis is the task of activating the growth of dikaryotic (vegetative) mycelium under the action of laser radiation (Non-Me laser) in the red region of the spectrum at a dose of 23 Ω/cm2. As a result of this increases

The speed of mycelium growth, the time of fouling of the substrate decreases, fruiting begins much earlier, 4! the yield increases. This, without a doubt, is of great practical importance in the cultivation of edible mushrooms.

The given task is solved by the effect of laser radiation on the dikaryotic mycelium of the fungus mite at a dose of 230 mJ/cm2. Mycelium was obtained in two ways. In the first case, mushroom cultivation was carried out, (ee) a piece of dikaryotic mycelium was placed in the center of a Petri dish with wort-agar as a nutrient medium. so 50 Incubated in the dark at a temperature of 26"C. Irradiation in the above-mentioned way was carried out two days after sowing. Experiment and control (mycelium that was not exposed to the laser); repeated ten times (10 62 cups, respectively). Then, the diameter of the colonies was periodically measured , the height of the mycelium and its density was controlled.

Based on these indicators, average daily growth and growth factors were determined. The growth factor was determined by the formula RK - pedyl (a - diameter of the colony and n - height in mm. d - density, Y - age (day) (A.S. Bukhalo. Vysshiye syedobnye basidiomycetii in pure culture. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. 1988 . 143p.)) In the second version, the dikaryotic mycelium was grown for 14 days on sterile wheat grain that had undergone heat treatment

R" (cook at 1002 for 40 minutes). The resulting mycelium was placed in sterile Petri dishes in a thin layer and irradiated in the above manner. Immediately after laser treatment, the mycelium was used to inoculate sterile substrate blocks (beech sawdust 8095, corn flour 20905, moisture 6095). Until the beginning of fruiting 60, incubation of the blocks was carried out in complete darkness at a temperature of 26"C, then in the light at 18"C. Further, the parameters of growth, development and fruiting process of the mushroom on these and control blocks were studied and compared. The obtained results were processed using methods of variance analysis.

The essence of the claimed invention is explained by examples.

Examples of using laser radiation to increase the growth rate of dikaryotic mycelium. 65 Laser radiation M in the red part of the spectrum at a dose of 23 Ω/cm? influenced, as described above, the dikaryotic mycelium, which grew on wort-agar in two days. Growth indicators were measured 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 days after sowing. ;

OT dl onannnnia polyny |votnony whale deer Kotra runi 50060505 333 o now NOT WITH ET PE ON: NOT POLE POS NANU) o rov050111019110218, 533, tu, (Average daily increase OBL BY11111111

The presented results (Table 1) show that laser radiation can stimulate the mycelium growth process. With the same linear growth of the colonies in the experimental variants, the high height and density of the colonies are canceled. as a result, the growth rate increases almost 3.3 times.

Examples of using laser radiation to accelerate the process of substrate fouling.

Seed mycelium on grains was obtained and irradiated by the above methods. Sowing was carried out immediately after irradiation on a sterile substrate, which was placed; in heat-resistant polypropylene bags of 2 kg. The amount of seed material was applied the same (595), both in the experiment and control.

The obtained results (Table 2) allow us to state that the irradiation with laser light in the indicated mode of seed mycelium made it possible to reduce the time of fouling of the substrate in comparison with the control by 2%. 2 « o zo so yuyu so vl so

Examples of using low-intensity laser radiation to stimulate the fruiting process and increase yield. Obtaining seed mycelium, its irradiation, sowing on substrate blocks and incubation were carried out as described in the previous examples. "-

Strain |Average quantity Average weight of fruit Specific weight Period before the beginning of fruiting, (Yield,

UNN and other things that are around! 116І111113011111111111111111vo11vo 1 o Comparison of fruiting processes in the experiment and control (Table 1) made it possible to establish that laser irradiation of seed material in the specified mode allows to shorten the period from sowing to (ee) the beginning of fruiting by one month, the average number of fruiting bodies per block increases by 3995 and , as a result, productivity

Increases by 4390. The examples presented show the indicators of the use of laser radiation to stimulate the growth, development, and fruiting of the higher basidial edible mushroom and the epiphysis of edodev, showing that laser irradiation in the red spectrum at a dose of 230 mJ/cm2 allows to increase the growth factor by 3.5 times , reduce cultivation time per month, increase productivity by 45905. c»

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention The method of stimulating the growth, development and fruiting of the higher basidial edible mushroom I epiypis edodez bo (Vegk.) Zipd. consists in the effect of laser radiation on dikaryotic mycelium, which differs in that dikaryotic mycelium is irradiated by continuous radiation in the red region of the spectrum at a dose of 230 mJ/cm. Official bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrals 65 microcircuits", 2003, M 2, 15.02.2003. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.