UA101067C2 - External cyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

An external cyclone comprises a vertically oriented housing divided into two sections, namely the upper and lower sections, at least one pipe for supply of water-steam mixture adjacent to the lower section above the level of water in the lower section, at least one circuit of circulation of wet steam from the lower section to the upper section, in the upper section - two chambers, namely a central chamber of dry steam and an extreme chamber of condensate collection, at least one nozzle for discharge of dry steam from the central chamber of dry steam, at least one circuit for condensate discharge from the extreme chamber of condensate collection into the lower section, at least one nozzle for discharge of water from the lower section. The lower section of external cyclone comprises an ejector, which is located below water level, while the condensate is removed via the circuit of condensate discharge from the upper section into said ejector.

Description

The invention belongs to separation devices for separating steam from water and can be used in boiler equipment, for example steam boilers.

In more detail, the invention relates to cyclones, for example remote cyclones, which are used in steam boilers of various types and modifications.

Separation devices are a necessary element of steam boiler operation. Steam is separated from water in separation devices. Also, the use of separation devices ensures the removal of steam bubbles from the water volume that can be carried into the downpipes, which is extremely undesirable, since the presence of steam bubbles leads to a decrease in the density of the steam-water mixture in the downpipes and to a decrease in the driving pressure of the circulation circuits of the steam boiler.

The use of separation devices in the form of remote cyclones in steam boilers allows for a more efficient design of steam boilers, and in particular in salt compartments in separate screen circuits completely removed from the boiler drum. With such salt compartments with remote cyclones, overflows and overflow of boiler water from the salt compartments into the boiler drum can be almost completely eliminated. Blowing from the drum is carried out along the supply line to the remote cyclone.

Remote cyclones can be used in low, medium and high pressure steam boilers. At the same time, the layout schemes of steam boilers can be different.

It should be noted separately that the use of remote cyclones in steam boilers leads to a significant increase in the hydraulic resistance of the steam-water mixture, which is discharged into the remote cyclone. Therefore, the optimal speed of supplying the steam-water mixture to the remote cyclone is one of the essential conditions for the effective operation of the remote cyclone.

Various technical solutions for the implementation of remote cyclones are known, see Me Me BHOZ3Z70409, 50383959,

ZYTS 421850, 50444035, 501174670 and 501393988.

In the article "New design of a two-stage wind cyclone for steam boilers" (Bulletin of NTU "KHPI", Collection of scientific papers 2, 2007, thematic issue "Energy and heat engineering processes and equipment" dated 23.03.2007, collection of works of NTU "KHPY", authors : V.Ya.

Zo - vertically oriented body 1, divided into two sections, namely the upper 2 and the lower

From the section, - at least one supply nozzle 4 of the steam-water mixture, which is adjacent to the lower section C, above the water level 5 in the lower C section, - at least one circulation circuit b of wet steam from the lower C section to the upper 2 section, - by the presence of the upper 2 sections of two chambers, namely the central 71 dry steam chamber and the outermost 72 condensate collection chamber, - at least one dry steam outlet 8 from the central 7: dry steam chamber, - at least one drain circuit 9 of condensate from the outermost 72 condensate collection chamber to the lower C section, - at least one water outlet 10 from the lower C section.

Also, a design feature of the remote cyclone is that in the lower C section above the water level 5 and the supply nozzle 4 of the steam-water mixture, there is a perforated sheet 11, designed to equalize the vortex flow in the lower C section, as well as to separate moisture from the steam-water mixture. Also, a design feature of the remote cyclone is that there are 12 flow swirlers in the upper 2 sections.

During the operation of the known remote cyclone, a change in the water level 5 in the lower C section occurs in it, the reasons for the change in the water level 5 in the remote cyclone can be different, for example, a change in the load of the steam boiler, a change in the pressure in the steam boiler, etc.

The higher the velocity of wet steam in the swirler 12, the higher the separation of wet steam. When the speed of wet steam increases, the resistance of the upper section 2 increases, as a result, the level of condensate in the condensate drain circuit 9 increases. Therefore, there is a possible option when the condensate will enter the extreme 72nd section, which is unacceptable during the operation of the remote cyclone.

The pressure in the upper 2 section will be less than the disc in the lower C section, as a result of which the water level in the drain circuit 9 is higher than the water level in the lower C section and a possible option when condensate from the drain circuit 9 will enter the outermost chamber 72 from which condensate can enter into the central 71 chamber, from which the condensate will be carried out with dry steam, which will lead to a significant deviation of the specified characteristics of dry steam at the outlet of the take-out cyclone, for example, if dry steam is fed to the superheater, it is possible to introduce salts into it and burn it.

The task of the claimed invention is the development of a remote cyclone, the use of which will stabilize the value of the condensate level in the condensate drain circuit.

Also, the task of the actual invention is to eliminate the inflow of condensate from the condensate drain circuit into the upper section of the remote cyclone.

Also, the objective of the claimed invention is to improve the efficiency of the remote cyclone operation.

Also, the task of the actual invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means of remote cyclones.

Other objects and advantages of the claimed invention will be discussed below as the description and drawings proceed.

The set problems are solved by the fact that in the known remote cyclone, which is characterized by the presence of - a vertically oriented body divided into two sections, namely the upper and lower sections, - at least one nozzle for supplying a steam-water mixture, which is adjacent to the lower section, above the water level in of the lower section, - at least one wet steam circulation circuit from the lower section to the upper section, - the presence of two chambers in the upper section, namely the central dry steam chamber and the extreme condensate collection chamber, - at least one dry steam outlet from the central dry steam chamber, - at least one circuit for draining condensate from the extreme condensate collection chamber to the lower section, - at least one nozzle for draining water from the lower section, in accordance with the claimed invention, - the lower section of the remote cyclone contains an ejector, which is located below the water level, while the condensate is removed along the contour of draining condensate from the upper section into the mentioned ejector.

In a separate embodiment of the claimed invention, the ejector is a pipe

Venturi.

In a separate embodiment of the claimed invention, the Venturi tube is characterized

With the presence of a mixing chamber, a confusor and a diffuser.

In a separate embodiment of the claimed invention, the condensate, which is removed along the condensate drain circuit from the upper section to the ejector, enters the mixing chamber.

In a separate embodiment of the claimed invention, the condensate drain circuit additionally contains a nozzle for draining the condensate to the lower section in front of or behind the ejector, along the movement of the condensate in the lower section, while the mentioned additional nozzle contains a water level regulator in the lower section.

The location of the ejector in the lower section below the water level with condensate draining into it along the condensate drain circuit from the upper section leads to the fact that, as a result of the movement of water in the lower section, a vacuum is formed in the ejector, which leads to additional suction of condensate from the drain circuit, as a result of which the condensate does not will be able to flow from the drain circuit into the upper section.

Narrow terminology is used when considering the implementation options of a valid invention.

However, the true invention is not limited by the accepted terms, and it should be understood that each such term covers all equivalent elements that operate in a similar manner and are used to accomplish the same tasks.

Brief description of the drawings.

In fig. 1 - schematically shows the well-known remote cyclone.

In fig. 2 - shows a remote cyclone according to the invention to be claimed.

In fig. 3 - shows the ejector, which is located in the lower section of the remote cyclone.

In fig. 4 - shows the version of the remote cyclone, according to the claimed invention.

In fig. 5 - shows the version of the ejector of the remote cyclone, according to the invention that is claimed.

Detailed description of drawings.

In fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a known remote cyclone, which contains a vertically oriented body 1, divided into two sections, namely the upper 2 and lower 3 sections. Supply nozzle 4 of the steam-water mixture, which is adjacent to the lower C section, is above the water level 5 in the lower C section. Circulation contour 6 of wet steam from the lower C section to the upper 2 section. Two chambers, namely the central 71 dry steam chamber and the extreme 72 condensate collection chamber. Dry steam outlet pipe 8 from the central 71: dry steam chamber. Condensate drain circuit 9 from the extreme 72 condensate collection chamber to the lower Z section. Water outlet pipe 10 from the lower Z section.

Perforated sheet 11, which is located in the lower C section above the water level 5 and supply nozzle 4 of the steam-water mixture. Vortexers 12, located in the upper 2 sections.

In fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the claimed take-out cyclone, which comprises a vertically oriented housing 20 divided into two sections, namely, an upper 21 and a lower 22 section. The supply pipe 23 of the steam-water mixture, which is adjacent to the lower 22 section, is above the water level 24 in the lower 22 section. Circulation circuit 25 of wet steam from the lower 22 section to the upper 21 section. Two chambers, namely the central 261 dry steam chamber and the extreme 262 condensate collection chamber. Dry steam removal pipe 27 from the central dry steam chamber 261. Drain circuit 28 condensate from the extreme 262 condensate collection chamber in the lower 22 section. Water outlet 29 from the lower 22 section. The condensate drain circuit 28 contains an additional water level nozzle 281. The lower section 22 of the remote cyclone contains an ejector 30 located below the water level 24, while the condensate is removed along the condensate drain circuit 28 from the upper section 21 to the ejector 30. The perforated sheet 31, which is located in the lower 22 section above the water level 24 and the supply pipe 23 of the steam-water mixture. Vortexers 32, located in the upper 21 section.

The regulator 33, which is located in the additional nozzle 28i of the water level.

In fig. C - shows the ejector 30, which is a Venturi tube, which contains: a mixing chamber 30:, a confusor 302 and a diffuser 303.

In fig. 4 - shows a version of the remote cyclone, which differs from the remote cyclone of fig. 2 by the fact that the additional water level nozzle 28 is located behind the ejector 30.

In fig. 5 - shows a version of the remote cyclone, which differs in the method of execution of the ejector 30. So in fig. 2 ejector 30 was located inside the housing 20, and in fig. 5 shows the variant when the ejector 30 is made in the housing 20.

The remote cyclone, in accordance with the claimed invention (Fig. 2), works as follows, the steam-water mixture is fed through the supply nozzle 23 of the steam-water mixture into the lower section 22 tangentially, as a result of which a swirling upward vortex flow of the steam-water mixture is formed in the lower section 22. The swirling upward eddy flow leads to the influence of gravitational and denaturing forces on the vapor-water mixture, as a result

As a result, condensate forms on the walls of the housing 20 of the lower section 22 in the form of a water film, which flows down the walls of the lower section 22 and forms a water level 24. From the lower section 22, water is drained into the outlet pipe 29. Regulation and setting of the water level in the remote cyclone is carried out according to account of the regulator 33 (Fig. 2).

In the lower section 22, the ascending vortex flow advances to the mountain along the lower section 22, in the upper part of which there is a perforated sheet 31, due to which additional separation of the steam-water mixture with the formation of wet steam occurs, and also pressure equalization of the ascending swirling vortex flow occurs for uniform removal of wet steam through the circulation circuits 25 of wet steam into the upper 21 section.

In the upper part of the lower section 22, wet steam is formed, which is removed through the circulation loops 25 to the upper section 21, while the wet steam is supplied to the upper part of the upper section 21 tangentially to form a downward swirling vortex flow, also to strengthen the downward swirling vortex flow in the upper 21 sections are arranged by swirlers 32. As a result of the formation of a downward swirling vortex flow, the wet steam is distributed in the upper 21 sections according to the degree of humidity. At the same time, wet steam is located closer to the walls of the upper 21 section housing 20, dry steam is located in the central area of the upper 21 section. An implementation option is also possible, when the middle chamber (not shown in the figures) is additionally placed in the upper 21 sections for the removal of wet steam for technological needs. On the periphery of the downward swirling vortex flow, there is an active interaction of droplets contained in wet steam into larger droplets that fall as condensate in the form of a water film on the surface of the body 20 of the upper 21 section, while the condensate enters the extreme condensate collection chamber 262, with which condensate through the drain circuit 28 enters the lower 22 section. Due to the formation of a downward swirling vortex flow in the upper 21 section, condensate in the form of a water film will not be able to be carried out together with dry steam from the take-off cyclone, but on the contrary, all excess moisture is collected in the extreme condensate collection chamber 262, while the moisture from the extreme chamber 262 along the drain circuit 28 is diverted to the ejector 30. In the ejector 30, the passage section in the mixing chamber 301 is narrowed, as a result of which the speed of water movement increases in the mixing chamber 301 compared to the movement of water in the lower 22 section. An increase in water velocity leads to a decrease in the pressure in the ejector 30. Therefore, a decrease in the pressure in the mixing chamber 301 causes the pressure difference between the pressure in the upper section 21 and the pressure in the ejector 30 to be greater than the pressure difference between the pressure in the upper section 21 and the pressure in the lower 22 section, as a result of which condensate is sucked from the drain circuit 28 into the ejector 30, as a result of which the level of condensate in the drain circuit 28 is stable, and the condensate will not be able to get from the drain circuit 28 into the outermost chamber 262.

Dry steam from the upper section 21 is discharged through the central chamber 26 of dry steam to the dry steam outlet 27.

It is clear that the above are only a few possible variants of the invention.

The invention is not limited to the variants that have been explained above and shown in the figures.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the maintenance of a stable level of condensate in the condensate drain circuit from the upper section.

Also, the technical result of the claimed invention is an increase in the efficiency of the remote cyclone.

Claims (2)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A remote cyclone containing - a vertically oriented body, divided into two sections, namely the upper and lower sections, - at least one nozzle for supplying the steam-water mixture, which is adjacent to the lower section, above the water level in the lower section, - at least one circulation circuit of wet steam from the lower section to the upper section, - in the upper section there are two chambers, namely the central dry steam chamber and the extreme condensate collection chamber, - at least one outlet for dry steam from the central dry steam chamber, - at least one condensate drain circuit from the extreme chamber condensate collection in the lower section, - at least one water outlet from the lower section, which is characterized by the fact that - the lower section of the remote cyclone contains an ejector, which is located below the water level, while the condensate is removed along the condensate drain circuit from the upper section to the mentioned ejector. From 2. The cyclone according to claim 1, which differs in that the ejector is a venturi tube. C. Cyclone according to claim 2, which differs in that the venturi tube is characterized by the presence of a mixing chamber, a confusor and a diffuser. 4. Cyclone according to claim 3, which differs in that the condensate, which is removed along the condensate drain circuit from the upper section to the ejector, enters the mixing chamber. 5. Cyclone according to any of the above items 1-4, which is characterized by the fact that the condensate drain circuit additionally contains a nozzle for draining condensate to the lower section in front of or behind the ejector, in the course of movement of the condensate in the lower section, while the mentioned additional nozzle contains a regulator water level in the lower section. 2 12 b cy ay (v - y Shashe 7! " Y A 4 o 8 "fig 1 Her 1 21 20 ZE | 25 25 y d-ei | 262 ryli I 281 ; | Y 27 Vi Y - 0 23 ху 33 31 - re - sh sho Y el 30. in ( 29/ kg 22 301-- IR " from" 17 | M. re ZO Fig. With y y y shchi tu Fig. 4 Fig. with