TWI677562B - 液晶介質 - Google Patents
液晶介質 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI677562B TWI677562B TW104119476A TW104119476A TWI677562B TW I677562 B TWI677562 B TW I677562B TW 104119476 A TW104119476 A TW 104119476A TW 104119476 A TW104119476 A TW 104119476A TW I677562 B TWI677562 B TW I677562B
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- liquid crystal
- atoms
- compounds
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 227
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- YCLAMANSVUJYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-L aluminum chloride hydroxide hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[Al+3].[Cl-] YCLAMANSVUJYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 210
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 81
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 0 *c(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(-c(cc2N)ccc2O)c(N)c1N Chemical compound *c(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(-c(cc2N)ccc2O)c(N)c1N 0.000 description 31
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 26
- -1 methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy Chemical group 0.000 description 25
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005194 alkoxycarbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005196 alkyl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylcyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1CCCCC1 WVIIMZNLDWSIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- PKORYTIUMAOPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NCNCC2=C1 PKORYTIUMAOPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEIFWROAQVVDBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CCCC2=C1 KEIFWROAQVVDBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical group C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- GRZJZRHVJAXMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GRZJZRHVJAXMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAYZALBEMJMGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 RAYZALBEMJMGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMHSPYVJAUGNOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexyl-1,4-dioxane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1OCCOC1 SMHSPYVJAUGNOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJDDXMSIMBMMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylpyrimidine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=NC=CC=N1 YJDDXMSIMBMMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLNDDIWESXCXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1,4-dioxane Chemical group C1OCCOC1C1=CC=CC=C1 WLNDDIWESXCXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CIMDJYOELWFPLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1.C1(CCCCC1)C1(CC=C(C=C1)C1CCCCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.C1(CCCCC1)C1(CC=C(C=C1)C1CCCCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CIMDJYOELWFPLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDKJTBJDGUKTDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(OCC(Cc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)COC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)=C Chemical compound CC(C(OCC(Cc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)COC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)=C VDKJTBJDGUKTDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOWYTMMNFFXNKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(Oc(cc1)cc(cc2)c1c(cc1)c2cc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)=C Chemical compound CC(C(Oc(cc1)cc(cc2)c1c(cc1)c2cc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)=C FOWYTMMNFFXNKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVTJQICZTQZLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(Oc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)=C Chemical compound CC(C(Oc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)=C HVTJQICZTQZLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCSWODCTBFIDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)S(Oc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(Oc(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O QCSWODCTBFIDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAYOTHCSRKHVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(Oc1ccc2c3ccc(CCCOC(C(C)=C)=O)cc3ccc2c1)=O Chemical compound CCC(Oc1ccc2c3ccc(CCCOC(C(C)=C)=O)cc3ccc2c1)=O LAYOTHCSRKHVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000620457 Telestes souffia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRXXLCKWQFKACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenylacetylene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JRXXLCKWQFKACW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940114081 cinnamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DQZKGSRJOUYVPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 DQZKGSRJOUYVPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTNOERNOMHQUCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 DTNOERNOMHQUCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005755 decalin-2,6-ylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C2([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C2([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBBNOVKRLWDEGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl-ethyl-dimethylazanium;4-hexoxybenzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC RBBNOVKRLWDEGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZYMKZMDQUPCXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FOC(=O)C=C ZYMKZMDQUPCXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical class C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HIRSXHRXVBDZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-phenylphenyl)methanimine Chemical compound C=NC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 HIRSXHRXVBDZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005429 oxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BOTNYLSAWDQNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC1=CC=CC=C1 BOTNYLSAWDQNEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCJSHPDYVMKCHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 FCJSHPDYVMKCHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPYYWWIJPHKUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl cyclohexanecarboxylate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 OPYYWWIJPHKUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001911 terphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NGLLCQIHJKVFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(1,4,4,4-tetraphenylbutyl)azanium Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)C(CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NGLLCQIHJKVFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3491—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having sulfur as hetero atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/602—Dicarboxylic acid esters having at least two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/06—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
- C07D311/08—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring
- C07D311/18—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring substituted otherwise than in position 3 or 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
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Abstract
Description
其中R1及R1*彼此獨立地各自表示具有1至15個C原子之烷基或烷氧基,其中此外,此等基團中之一或多個CH2基團可彼此獨立地各自經-C≡C-、-CF2O-、-CH=CH-、、、-O-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-置換,其方式為使得O原子彼此不直接連接,且其中此外,一或多個H原子可經鹵素置換,Z1及Z2彼此獨立地各自表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C2F4-、-C≡C-、-CF=CF-、-CH=CHCHO-,L1-3彼此獨立地各自表示F、Cl、CF3、OCF3或CHF2。
此類介質尤其可用於基於ECB效應具有主動式矩陣定址之電光顯示器及共平面切換型(in-plane switching,IPS)顯示器或邊緣場切換型(fringe field switching,FFS)顯示器。
電控雙折射(electrically controlled birefringence,ECB)效應亦或配向相之變形(deformation of aligned phase,DAP)效應之原理首次描
述於1971年(M.F.Schieckel及K.Fahrenschon,「Deformation of nematic liquid crystals with vertical orientation in electrical fields」,Appl.Phys.Lett.19(1971),3912)。隨後描述於J.F.Kahn(Appl.Phys.Lett.20(1972),1193)及G.Labrunie與J.Robert(J.Appl.Phys.44(1973),4869)之論文中。
J.Robert及F.Clerc(SID 80 Digest Techn.Papers(1980),30)、J.Duchene(Displays 7(1986),3)及H.Schad(SID 82 Digest Techn.Papers(1982),244)之論文顯示液晶相必須具有高彈性常數比K3/K1值、高光學各向異性△n值及△ε-0.5之介電各向異性值以適用於基於ECB效應之高資訊顯示元件。基於ECB效應之電光顯示元件具有垂直邊緣配向(VA技術=垂直配向)。介電負性液晶介質亦可用於使用所謂IPS或FFS效應之顯示器中。
除IPS(共平面切換型,)顯示器(例如:Yeo,S.D.,論文15.3:「An LC Display for the TV Application」,SID 2004 International Symposium,Digest of Technical Papers,XXXV,第II冊,第758及759頁)及早已知曉之扭轉向列型(twisted nematic,TN)顯示器以外,使用ECB效應之顯示器,如所謂垂直配向向列型(vertically aligned nematic,VAN)顯示器,例如在多域垂直配向(multi-domain vertical alignment,MVA,例如:Yoshide,H.等人,論文3.1:「MVA LCD for Notebook or Mobile PCs...」,SID 2004 International Symposium,Digest of Technical Papers,XXXV,第I冊,第6至9頁,及Liu,C.T.等人,論文15.1:「A 46-inch TFT-LCD HDTV Technology...」,SID 2004 International Symposium,Digest of Technical Papers,XXXV,第II冊,第750至753頁)、圖案化垂直配向(patterned vertical alignment,PVA,例如:Kim,Sang Soo,論文15.4:「Super PVA Sets New State-of-the-Art for LCD-TV」,SID 2004 International Symposium,Digest of
Technical Papers,XXXV,第II冊,第760至763頁)、先進超視角(advanced super view,ASV,例如:Shigeta,Mitzuhiro及Fukuoka,Hirofumi,論文15.2:「Development of High Quality LCDTV」,SID 2004 International Symposium,Digest of Technical Papers,XXXV,第II冊,第754至757頁)模式中,已將其自身確立為當前最重要(尤其對於電視應用)之三種較新類型液晶顯示器中之一者。該等技術以一般形式在例如Souk,Jun,SID Seminar 2004,Seminar M-6:「Recent Advances in LCD Technology」,Seminar Lecture Notes,M-6/1至M-6/26,及Miller,Ian,SID Seminar 2004,seminar M-7:「LCD-Television」,Seminar Lecture Notes,M-7/1至M-7/32中比較。儘管現代ECB顯示器之回應時間已藉由使用超速驅動之定址方法顯著改良,例如:Kim,Hyeon Kyeong等人,論文9.1:「A 57-in.Wide UXGA TFT-LCD for HDTV Application」,SID 2004 International Symposium,Digest of Technical Papers,XXXV,第I冊,第106至109頁,但視訊相容性回應時間之達成,尤其關於灰度切換仍為尚未得到圓滿解決之問題。
此效應在電光顯示元件中之工業應用需要LC相,其必須滿足多項要求。此處尤其重要的是對濕氣、空氣及物理影響(諸如熱、紅外、可見及紫外輻射及直流與交流電場)之化學抗性。
此外,工業可用LC相需在適合溫度範圍內及低黏度下具有液晶中間相。
迄今所揭示之一系列具有液晶中間相之化合物中無一者包括滿足所有此等要求之單一化合物。因此,一般製備2至25(較佳3至18)種化合物之混合物以獲得可用作LC相之物質。然而,不可能以此方式容易地製備最佳相,因為迄今未能獲得具有顯著負介電各向異性及足夠長期穩定性之液晶材料。
已知矩陣液晶顯示器(matrix liquid-crystal display,MLC顯示器)。可用於個別像素之個別切換的非線性元件為例如主動元件(亦即電晶體)。接著使用術語「主動矩陣」,其中可在兩種類型之間作出區別:
1.作為基板之矽晶圓上之金屬氧化物半導體(metal oxide semiconductor,MOS)電晶體
2.作為基板之玻璃板上之薄膜電晶體(thin-film transistor,TFT)。
在類型1之情況下,所用電光效應通常為動態散射或客體-主體效應。使用單晶矽作為基板材料限制顯示器大小,因為甚至多種零件顯示器之模組總成亦會在接頭處產生問題。
在較佳、較有前景之類型2之情況下,所用電光效應通常為TN效應。
在兩種技術之間作出區別:包含化合物半導體(諸如CdSe)之TFT或基於多晶或非晶矽之TFT。後一技術正在世界範圍內廣泛運用。
將TFT矩陣應用於顯示器之一個玻璃板內部,而另一玻璃板在其內部載有透明反電極。與像素電極大小相比,TFT極小且對影像幾乎無不良影響。此技術亦可擴展至全色能力顯示器,其中紅色、綠色及藍色濾光片之馬賽克以使得濾光片元件與各可切換像素相對之方式配置。
此處術語MLC顯示器涵蓋具有整合式非線性元件之任何矩陣顯示器,亦即,除主動矩陣外,亦涵蓋具有被動元件(諸如變阻器或二極體(MIM=金屬-絕緣體-金屬))之顯示器。
此類型之MLC顯示器尤其適用於TV應用(例如口袋型TV)或汽車或飛機構造中之高資訊顯示器。除關於對比度之角度依賴性及回應時間之問題外,在MLC顯示器中亦出現由液晶混合物之不夠高比電阻產
生之困難[TOGASHI,S.,SEKIGUCHI,K.,TANABE,H.,YAMAMOTO,E.,SORIMACHI,K.,TAJIMA,E.,WATANABE,H.,SHIMIZU,H.,Proc.Eurodisplay 84,1984年9月:A 210-288 Matrix LCD Controlled by Double Stage Diode Rings,第141頁及以下,Paris;STROMER,M.,Proc.Eurodisplay 84,1984年9月:Design of Thin Film Transistors for Matrix Addressing of Television Liquid Crystal Displays,第145頁及以下,Paris]。隨著電阻減小,MLC顯示器之對比度惡化。由於液晶混合物之比電阻歸因於與顯示器內表面之相互作用而一般在MLC顯示器之壽命內下降,因此高(初始)電阻對於在長操作時段內必須具有可接受電阻值之顯示器極重要。
仍大量需要在具有大工作溫度範圍、短回應時間及低臨限電壓同時具有極高比電阻之MLC顯示器,藉助於此可產生多種灰度。
常用MLC-TN顯示器之缺點歸因於其相對低之對比度、相對高之視角依賴性及在此等顯示器中產生灰度之困難。
VA顯示器具有顯著較佳之視角依賴性且因此主要用於電視及監視器。然而,此處繼續需要改良回應時間。然而,同時必須不損害諸如低溫穩定性及可靠性之特性。
本發明基於提供尤其用於監視器及TV應用、基於ECB效應或基於IPS或FFS效應之液晶混合物之目標,該等液晶混合物不具有上文所指示缺點,或僅具有降低程度之上文所指示缺點。特定言之,必須確保監視器及電視在極高及極低溫度下亦工作,且同時具有短回應時間且同時具有改良之可靠性行為,尤其在長操作時間之後不展現影像殘留或展現顯著降低之影像殘留。
意外地,若將一或多種、較佳至少一種或兩種通式I之極性化合物用於液晶混合物,特定言之較佳用於VA、IPS及FFS顯示器之具有負介電各向異性△ε之LC混合物,則有可能改良旋轉黏度值及因此回
應時間。藉助於式I化合物,有可能製備具有短回應時間同時良好相特性及良好低溫行為之液晶混合物,較佳VA、PS-VA、PSA、IPS及FFS混合物。特定言之,本發明液晶混合物突出之處在於極好之旋轉黏度與及彈性常數(較佳K3)比。
因此,本發明係關於一種包含至少一種式I化合物之液晶介質。
本發明混合物較佳展現極廣泛向列相範圍(清澈點65℃,較佳70℃,尤其75℃)、極有利電容臨限值、相對高之保持率值及同時在-20℃及-30℃下極好低溫穩定性以及極低旋轉黏度值及短回應時間。除旋轉黏度γ1之改良以外,本發明混合物另一突出之處在於可觀測到用於改良回應時間之相對高之彈性常數K33值。特定言之,式I化合物適用於製備具有負△ε之液晶混合物。
本發明混合物之一些較佳實施例指示如下。
在式I化合物中,R1較佳表示直鏈烷基,尤其CH3、C2H5、n-C3H7、n-C4H9、n-C5H11及n-C6H13;此外烯基及烷氧基。
在式I化合物中,R1*較佳表示直鏈烷氧基,尤其OC2H5、OC3H7、OC4H9、OC5H11、OC6H13;此外烯基氧基,尤其OCH2CH=CH2、OCH2CH=CHCH3、OCH2CH=CHC2H5;此外烷基,尤其n-C3H7、n-C4H9、n-C5H11、n-C6H13。
在式I化合物中,Z1及Z2較佳彼此獨立地各自表示單鍵。
基團L1、L2及L3較佳彼此獨立地均表示F。
Z1及Z2較佳均表示單鍵。
尤佳為式I-a化合物。
式I化合物例如自EP 1 352 943 A1已知且可藉由已知方法製備。
其中:
R1及R1*:彼此獨立地各自表示具有1-15個C原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基或烷氧基,及L1-3:彼此獨立地各自表示F、Cl、CF3、OCF3或CHF2。
其中R1表示具有1-15個C原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基或烷氧基,及烷基:表示具有1-15個C原子之烷基。
本發明介質較佳包含一種、兩種、三種、四種或四種以上,較佳一種,此外兩種式I化合物。
式I化合物較佳以1-30重量%、較佳2-20重量%且極尤佳3-10重量%之量用於液晶介質。
其中R2A、R2B及R2C彼此獨立地各自表示H、具有至多15個C原子之烷基或烯基,其未經取代、經CN或CF3單取代或至少經鹵素單取代,其
中此外,此等基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-O-、-S-、、-
C≡C-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-OC-O-或-O-CO-置換,其方式為使得O原子彼此不直接連接,L1-4彼此獨立地各自表示F、Cl、CF3或CHF2,Z2及Z2'彼此獨立地各自表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C2F4-、-CF=CF-、-C≡C-、-CH=CHCH2O-,p表示0、1或2,q表示0或1,及v表示1至6。
在式IIA及IIB化合物中,Z2可具有相同或不同含義。在式IIB化合物中,Z2及Z2'可具有相同或不同含義。
在式IIA、IIB及IIC化合物中,R2A、R2B及R2C較佳各自表示具有
1-6個C原子之烷基,尤其CH3、C2H5、n-C3H7、n-C4H9、n-C5H11;此外烯基,尤其CH2=CH、CH3CH=CH、C2H5CH=CH、C3H7CH=CH。
在式IIA及IIB化合物中,L1、L2、L3及L4較佳表示L1=L2=F且L3=L4=F,此外L1=F且L2=Cl,L1=Cl且L2=F,L3=F且L4=Cl,L3=Cl且L4=F。式IIA及IIB中之Z2及Z2'較佳彼此獨立地各自表示單鍵,此外-CH2O-或-C2H4-橋鍵。
若在式IIB中Z2=-C2H4-或-CH2O-,則Z2'較佳為單鍵,或若Z2'=-C2H4-或-CH2O-,則Z2較佳為單鍵。在式IIA及IIB化合物中,(O)CvH2v+1較佳表示OCvH2v+1,此外CvH2v+1。在式IIC化合物中,(O)CvH2v+1較佳表示CvH2v+1。在式IIC化合物中,L3及L4較佳各自表示F。
其中烷基及烷基*彼此獨立地各自表示具有1-6個C原子之直鏈烷基。
尤佳本發明混合物包含一或多種式IIA-2、IIA-8、IIA-14、IIA-26、II-28、IIA-33、IIA-39、IIA-45、IIA-46、IIA-47、IIA-50、IIB-2、IIB-11、IIB-16及IIC-1之化合物。
式IIA及/或IIB化合物在整個混合物中之比例較佳為至少20重量%。
b)另外包含一或多種式III化合物之液晶介質,
Z3表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C2F4-、-C4H8-、-C≡C-、-CF=CF-。
其中烷基及烷基*彼此獨立地各自表示具有1-6個C原子之直鏈烷基。
烯基及烯基彼此獨立地各自表示具有2-6個C原子之直鏈烯基。
其中R7-10彼此獨立地各自具有技術方案5中針對R2A所指示之含義之一,及w及x彼此獨立地各自表示1至6。
尤佳為包含至少一種式V-9及/或式V-10化合物之混合物。
其中R14-R19彼此獨立地各自表示具有1-6個C原子之烷基或烷氧基;z及m彼此獨立地各自表示1-6;x表示0、1、2或3。
其中R表示具有1-7個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基,且m=0、1、2、3、4、5或6且n表示0、1、2、3或4。
R較佳表示甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基。
本發明介質較佳以2-30重量%,尤其5-20重量%之量包含式T-1至T-21之聯三苯。
尤佳為式T-1、T-2、T-19及T-20化合物。在此等化合物中,R較佳表示烷基,此外烷氧基,其各自具有1-6個C原子。在式T-19化合物中,R較佳表示烷基或烯基,尤其烷基。在式T-20化合物中,R較佳表示烷基。
其中
烷基及烷基*彼此獨立地各自表示具有1-6個C原子之直鏈烷基,及烯基及烯基*彼此獨立地各自表示具有2-6個C原子之直鏈烯基。
在式B-1至B-3化合物中,式B-1及B-2化合物尤佳。
其中烷基*表示具有1-6個C原子之烷基。本發明介質尤佳包含一或多種式B-1a及/或B-2c化合物。
其中R具有針對R2A所指示之含義且烷基表示具有1-6個C原子之烷基
其中R1及R2具有針對R2A所指示之含義。R1及R2較佳彼此獨立地各自表示直鏈烷基或烯基。
較佳介質包含一或多種式O-1、O-3、O-4、O-6、O-7、O-10、O-11、O-12、O-14、O-15、O-16及/或O-17之化合物。
本發明混合物極尤佳包含式O-10、O-12、O-16及/或O-17之化合物,尤其以5-30重量%之量。
式O-17化合物在整個混合物中之比例較佳為至少5重量%。
該化合物之量較佳為2-15重量%。
本發明介質尤佳包含式O-10a及/或式O-10b之三環化合物與一或多種式O-17a至O-17d之雙環化合物之組合。式O-10a及/或O-10b化合物與一或多種選自式O-17a至O-17d之雙環化合物的化合物之組合之總
比例為5-40%,極尤佳15-35%。
以整個混合物計,化合物O-10a及O-17a較佳以15-35%、尤佳15-25%且特別較佳18-22%之濃度存在於混合物中。
以整個混合物計,化合物O-10b及O-17a較佳以15-35%、尤佳15-25%且特別較佳18-22%之濃度存在於混合物中。
以整個混合物計,化合物O-10a、O-10b及O-17a較佳以15-35%、尤佳15-25%且特別較佳18-22%之濃度存在於混合物中。
其中R1及R2具有上文所指示之含義。在化合物O-6、O-7及O-17中,R1較佳表示分別具有1-6或2-6個C原子之烷基或烯基,且R2較佳表示具有2-6個C原子之烯基。在式O-10化合物中,R1較佳表示分別具有1-6或2-6個C原子之烷基或烯基,且R2較佳表示具有1-6個C原子之烷基。
其中烷基表示具有1-6個C原子之烷基。
式O-6、O-7及O-17e-h之化合物較佳以1-40重量%、尤其2-35重量%且極尤佳2-30重量%之量存在於本發明混合物中。
其中R1N及R2N彼此獨立地各自具有針對R2A所指示之含義,較佳表示直鏈烷基、直鏈烷氧基或直鏈烯基,及Z1及Z2彼此獨立地各自表示-C2H4-、-CH=CH-、-(CH2)4-、-(CH2)3O-、-O(CH2)3-、-CH=CHCH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH=CH-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C2F4-、-CF=CF-、-CF=CH-、-CH=CF-、-
C≡C-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH2-或單鍵。
其中RB1、RB2、RCR1、RCR2、R1、R2彼此獨立地各自具有R2A之含義。c為0、1或2且d為1或2。R1及R2較佳彼此獨立地分別表示具有1或
2至6個C原子之烷基、烷氧基、烯基或烯基氧基。
本發明混合物較佳以3至20重量%之量、尤其以3至15重量%之量包含式BC、CR、PH-1、PH-2、BF-1、BF-2、BS-1及/或BS-2之化合物。
尤佳式BC、CR、BF-1及BS-1之化合物為BC-1至BC-7、CR-1至CR-5、BF-1a至BF-1c、BS-1a至BS-1c之化合物。
其中:烷基及烷基*彼此獨立地各自表示具有1-6個C原子之直鏈烷基,及烯基及烯基*彼此獨立地各自表示具有2-6個C原子之直鏈烯基。
極尤佳為包含一種、兩種或三種式BC-2、BF-1及/或BF-2之化合物之混合物。
尤佳為式In-1、In-2、In-3及In-4之化合物。
尤佳為式L-1及L-4、尤其L-4之化合物。
式L-1至L-11化合物較佳以5-50重量%、尤其5-40重量%且極尤佳為10-40重量%之濃度使用。
尤佳混合物概念指示如下:(所用字首語解釋於表B中。此處n及m彼此獨立地各自表示1-15,較佳1-6)。
本發明混合物較佳包含:- 一或多種式I化合物,其中L1=L2=F且R1=R1*=烷氧基;- CPY-n-Om,尤其CPY-2-O2、CPY-3-O2及/或CPY-5-O2,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳>5%,尤其為10-30%,及/或- CY-n-Om,較佳CY-3-O2、CY-3-O4、CY-5-O2及/或CY-5-O4,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳>5%,尤其為15-50%,及/或- CCY-n-Om,較佳CCY-4-O2、CCY-3-O2、CCY-3-O3、CCY-3-O1及/或CCY-5-O2,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳>5%,尤其為10-30%,及/或- CLY-n-Om,較佳CLY-2-O4、CLY-3-O2及/或CLY-3-O3,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳>5%,尤其10-30%,及/或- CK-n-F,較佳CK-3-F、CK-4-F及/或CK-5-F,以整個混合物計,較佳>5%,尤其為5-25%。
此外較佳為包含以下混合物概念之本發明混合物:(n及m彼此獨立地各自表示1-6。)
- CPY-n-Om及CY-n-Om,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳為10-80%,及/或- CPY-n-Om及CK-n-F,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳為10-70%,及/或- Y-nO-Om,較佳Y-4O-O4,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳為2-20重量%,及/或- CPY-n-Om及PY-n-Om,較佳CPY-2-O2及/或CPY-3-O2及PY-3-O2,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳為10-45%,及/或- CPY-n-Om及CLY-n-Om,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳為10-80%,及/或- CCVC-n-V,較佳CCVC-3-V,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳為2-10%,及/或- CCC-n-V,較佳為CCC-2-V及/或CCC-3-V,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳為2-10%,及/或- CC-V-V,以整個混合物計,其濃度較佳為5-50%。
在一較佳實施例中,除一或多種式I化合物以外,本發明介質包含至少一種選自式T-20、T-21、IIA-26、IIA-28、IIIA-33、IIA-39、IIA-50、IIA-51、IIB-16、BF-1、BF-2、V-10、O-6a、L-4、CC-3-V、CC-3-V1、IIB-11及Z-9之化合物之群的化合物:
其中R、R1、R2及R10彼此獨立地各自具有R2A之含義,
烷基及烷基*彼此獨立地各自表示具有1-6個C原子之直鏈烷基,烯基及烯基*彼此獨立地各自表示具有2-6個C原子之直鏈烯基,(O)烷基、(O)-烷基及(O)烷基*彼此獨立地各自表示烷基或O-烷基,m表示0、1、2、3、4、5或6,n表示0、1、2、3或4,x表示1至6,c表示0、1或2 d 1或2。
此外,本發明係關於一種基於dem ECB、VA、PS-VA、PA-VA、IPS、PS-IPS、FFS或PS-FFS效應之具有主動矩陣式定址之電光顯示器,其特徵在於其含有根據技術方案1至17中一或多項之液晶介質作為介電質。
此處表述「具有向列相」意謂一方面在相應溫度下於低溫下未觀測到近晶相及結晶,且另一方面在受熱後向列相仍未出現澄清。低溫下之研究在相應溫度下於流動黏度計中進行且藉由儲存於具有對應於電-光用途之層厚度的測試單元中持續至少100小時來檢查。若在-20℃之溫度下於相應測試單元中之儲存穩定性為1000小時或1000小時以上,則該介質被稱為在此溫度下穩定。在-30℃及-40℃之溫度下,相應時間分別為500小時及250小時。在高溫下,藉由習知方法在毛細管中量測清澈點。
液晶混合物較佳具有至少60K之向列相範圍及20℃下至多30mm2.s-1之流動黏度ν20。
液晶混合物中之雙折射值△n通常在0.07與0.16之間,較佳0.08與
0.13之間。
對於本發明,除非另外明確指示,否則術語「臨限電壓」係關於電容臨限(V0),亦稱為Freedericks臨限。
此外,本發明液晶介質在液晶單元中具有高電壓保持率值。
一般而言,具有低定址電壓或臨限電壓之液晶介質與具有較高定址電壓或臨限電壓之液晶介質相比展現較低電壓保持率,且反之亦然。
對於本發明,術語「介電正性化合物」表示△ε>1.5之化合物,術語「介電中性化合物」表示-1.5△ε1.5之化合物,且術語「介電負性化合物」表示△ε<-1.5之化合物。此處化合物之介電各向異性係藉由在液晶主體中溶解10%化合物且在垂直及水平表面配向下於1kHz下在各情況下層厚度為20μm之至少一個測試單元中測定所得混合物之電容來測定。量測電壓通常為0.5V至1.0V,但始終低於所研究各別液晶混合物之電容臨限。
本發明所指示之所有溫度值呈℃形式。
本發明混合物適用於所有VA-TFT應用,諸如VAN、MVA、(S)-PVA、ASV、聚合物維持型VA(PSA)及聚合物穩定型VA(PS-VA)。此外,其適用於具有負△ε之IPS(共平面切換型)及FFS(邊緣場切換型)應用。
本發明之顯示器中之向列液晶混合物一般包含兩種組分A及B,該等組分自身由一或多種個別化合物組成。
組分A之比例較佳在45%與100%之間,尤其60%與100%之間。
組分B具有顯著向列基原性(nematogeneity)及20℃下不大於30mm2.s-1、較佳不大於25mm2.s-1之流動黏度。
熟習此項技術者自文獻已知多種適合材料。尤佳為式O-17化合物。
組分B中之尤佳個別化合物為在20℃下流動黏度不大於18mm2.s-1、較佳不大於12mm2.s-1之極低黏度向列液晶。
組分B為單變性或互變性向列,不具有近晶相且能夠防止出現近晶相在液晶混合物中降至極低溫度。舉例而言,若將多種高向列基原性材料添加至近晶液晶混合物,則可經由達成之近晶相抑制程度比較此等材料之向列基原性。
其中R表示直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烯基,其各自分別具有1或2至6個C原子,及X表示F、Cl、CF3、OCF3、OCHFCF3或CCF2CHFCF3,較佳F或OCF3。
式P-1至P-4化合物較佳以2-15%,尤其2-10%之濃度用於本發明混合物。
此外,此等液晶相亦可包含18種以上組分,較佳18至25種組分。
除一或多種式I化合物以外,各相較佳包含4至15種、尤其5至12種且尤佳<10種式IIA、IIB及/或IIC之化合物及視情況選用之一或多種式O-17化合物。
除式I化合物及式IIA、IIB及/或IIC及視情況選用之O-17之化合物以外,其他成分亦可例如以整個混合物之至多45%、但較佳至多35%、尤其至多10%之量存在。
其他成分較佳選自向列或向列原基物質,尤其已知物質,該等物質來自以下類別:氧偶氮苯、苯亞甲基苯胺、聯二苯、聯三苯、苯甲酸苯酯或苯甲酸環己酯、環己甲酸苯酯或環己甲酸環己酯、苯基環己烷、環己基聯二苯、環己基環己烷、環己基萘、1,4-雙環己基聯二苯或環己基嘧啶、苯基-或環己基二噁烷、視情況選用之鹵化芪、苯甲基苯基醚、二苯乙炔及經取代之肉桂酸酯。
適用作此類型液晶相成分之最重要化合物可由式IV表徵:R20-L-G-E-R21 IV
其中L及E各自表示來自由1,4-經雙取代苯及環己烷環、4,4'-經雙取代聯二苯、苯基環己烷及環己基環己烷系統、2,5-經雙取代嘧啶及1,3-二噁烷環、2,6-經雙取代萘、二氫萘及四氫萘、喹唑啉及四氫喹唑啉形成之群的碳環或雜環系統。
G表示 -CH=CH- -N(O)=N-
-CH=CQ- -CH=N(O)-
-C≡C- -CH2-CH2-
-CO-O- -CH2-O-
-CO-S- -CH2-S-
-CH=N- -COO-Phe-COO-
-CF2O- -CF=CF-
-OCF2- -OCH2-
-(CH2)4- -(CH2)3O-
或C-C單鍵,Q表示鹵素(較佳氯)或-CN,且R20及R21各自表示具有至多18個(較佳至多8個)碳原子之烷基、烯基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基或烷氧基羰氧基,或此等基團中之一者替代性地表示CN、NC、NO2、NCS、CF3、SF5、OCF3、F、Cl或Br。
在大部分此等化合物中,R20及R21彼此不同,此等基團中之一者
通常為烷基或烷氧基。所提出取代基之其他變體亦常用。許多此類物質亦或其混合物為市售的。所有此等物質可藉由自文獻已知之方法製備。
對於熟習此項技術者不言而喻,本發明之VA、IPS或FFS混合物亦可包含例如其中H、N、O、Cl及F已經相應同位素置換之化合物。
以混合物計,可聚合化合物,即所謂反應性液晶原基(RM)(例如如U.S.6,861,107中所揭示),可另外以較佳0.01-5重量%、尤佳0.2-2重量%之濃度添加至本發明混合物。此等混合物亦可視情況包含引發劑,如例如U.S.6,781,665中所述。較佳將引發劑(例如來自BASF之Irganox-1076)以0-1%之量添加至包含可聚合化合物之混合物。此類型混合物可用於所謂聚合物穩定型VA模式(PS-VA)或聚合物維持型VA(PSA),其中反應性液晶原基之聚合意欲發生於液晶混合物中。關於此之前提條件為液晶混合物自身不包含任何在RM聚合之條件下亦聚合的可聚合組分。
聚合較佳在以下條件下進行:可聚合組分在單元中使用具有限定強度之UV-A燈持續限定時段及施加電壓(通常10V至30V交流電壓,頻率在60Hz至1kHz範圍內)聚合。所用UV-A光源通常為強度為50mW/cm2之金屬鹵化物蒸氣燈或高壓汞燈。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,可聚合化合物選自式M化合物:RMa-AM1-(ZM1-AM2)m1-RMb M
其中個別基團具有以下含義:RMa及RMb彼此獨立地各自表示P、P-Sp-、H、鹵素、SF5、NO2、烷基、烯基或炔基,其中基團RMa及RMb中之至少一者較佳表示或含有基團P或P-Sp-,P表示可聚合基團,Sp表示間隔基團或單鍵,AM1及AM2彼此獨立地各自表示芳族、雜芳族、脂環或雜環基,較佳具有4至25個環原子,較佳C原子,其亦包括或可含有環化環,且其可視情況經L單取代或多取代,L表示P、P-Sp-、OH、CH2OH、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NO2、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、-C(=O)N(Rx)2、-C(=O)Y1、-C(=O)Rx、-N(Rx)2、視情況經取代之矽烷基、具有6至20個C原子之視情況經取代之芳基,或具有1至25個C原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基、烷氧基、烷基羰基、烷氧基羰基、烷基羰氧基或烷氧基羰氧基,其中此外,一或多個H原子可經F、Cl、P或P-Sp-置換,較佳P、P-Sp-、H、OH、CH2OH、鹵素、SF5、NO2、烷基、烯基或炔基,Y1表示鹵素,ZM1表示-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-OCO-、-O-CO-O-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-SCH2-、-CH2S-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2S-、-SCF2-、-(CH2)n1-、-CF2CH2-、-CH2CF2-、-(CF2)n1-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-COO-、-OCO-CH=CH-、CR0R00或單鍵,R0及R00彼此獨立地各自表示H或具有1至12個C原子之烷基,Rx表示P、P-Sp-、H、鹵素、具有1至25個C原子之直鏈、分支鏈或環狀烷基,其中此外,一或多個不相鄰CH2基團可經-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,其方式為使得O及/或S原子彼此不直接連接,且其中此外,一或多個H原子可經F、Cl、P或P-Sp-、
具有6至40個C原子之視情況經取代之芳基或芳氧基或具有2至40個C原子之視情況經取代之雜芳基或雜芳氧基置換,m1表示0、1、2、3或4,及n1表示1、2、3或4,其中來自所存在之基團RMa、RMb及取代基L之至少一者,較佳一者、兩者或三者,尤佳一或兩者表示基團P或P-Sp-或含有至少一個基團P或P-Sp-。
尤佳式M化合物為彼等化合物,其中RMa及RMb彼此獨立地各自表示P、P-Sp-、H、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NO2、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、SF5或具有1至25個C原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基,其中此外,一或多個不相鄰CH2基團可彼此獨立地各自經-C(R0)=C(R00)-、-C≡C-、-N(R00)-、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,其方式為使得O及/或S原子彼此不直接連接,且其中此外,一或多個H原子可經F、Cl、Br、I、CN、P或P-Sp-置換,其中基團RMa及RMb中之至少一者較佳表示或含有基團P或P-Sp-,AM1及AM2彼此獨立地各自表示1,4-伸苯基、萘-1,4-二基、萘-2,6-二基、菲-2,7-二基、蒽-2,7-二基、茀-2,7-二基、香豆素、黃酮,其中此外,此等基團中之一或多個CH基團可經N、環己烷-1,4-二基置換,其中此外,一或多個不相鄰CH2基團可經O及/或S、1,4-伸環己烯基、雙環[1.1.1]戊烷-1,3-二基、雙環[2.2.2]辛烷-1,4-二基、螺[3.3]庚烷-2,6-二基、哌啶-1,4-二基、十氫萘-2,6-二基、1,2,3,4-四氫萘-2,6-二基、茚滿-2,5-二基或八氫-4,7-甲橋茚滿-2,5-二基置換,其中所有此等基團可未經取代或經L單取代或多取代,L表示P、P-Sp-、OH、CH2OH、F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-NO2、-NCO、-NCS、-OCN、-SCN、-C(=O)N(Rx)2、-C(=O)Y1、-C(=O)Rx、-
N(Rx)2、視情況經取代之矽烷基、具有6至20個C原子之視情況經取代之芳基,或具有1至25個C原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基、烷氧基、烷基羰基、烷氧基羰基、烷基羰氧基或烷氧基羰氧基,其中此外,一或多個H原子可經F、Cl、P或P-Sp-置換,P表示可聚合基團,Y1表示鹵素,Rx表示P、P-Sp-、H、鹵素、具有1至25個C原子之直鏈、分支鏈或環狀烷基,其中此外,一或多個不相鄰CH2基團可經-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,其方式為使得O及/或S原子彼此不直接連接,且其中此外,一或多個H原子可經F、Cl、P或P-Sp-、具有6至40個C原子之視情況經取代之芳基或芳氧基或具有2至40個C原子之視情況經取代之雜芳基或雜芳氧基置換。
極尤佳為其中RMa及RMb中之一者或兩者表示P或P-Sp-之式M化合物。
其中個別基團具有以下含義:P1、P2及P3 相同或不同地各自表示可聚合基團,其較佳具有上文及下文針對P所指示之含義中之一者,尤佳丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、氟丙烯酸酯、氧雜環丁烷、乙烯基氧基或環氧基,Sp1、Sp2及Sp3彼此獨立地各自表示單鍵或間隔基團,其較佳具有上文及下文針對Spa所指示之含義中之一者,且尤佳-(CH2)p1-、-(CH2)p1-O-、-(CH2)p1-CO-O-或-(CH2)p1-O-CO-O-,其中p1為1至12之整數,且其中在最後提及之基團中經由O原子與相鄰環連接,其中基團P1-Sp1-、P2-Sp2-及P3-Sp3-中之一或多者亦可表示Raa,其限制條件為存在之基團P1-Sp1-、P2-Sp2-及P3-Sp3-中之至少一者不表示Raa,Raa表示H、F、Cl、CN或具有1至25個C原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基,其中此外,一或多個不相鄰CH2基團可彼此獨立地各自經C(R0)=C(R00)-、-C≡C-、-N(R0)-、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-置換,其方式為使得O及/或S原子彼此不直接連接,且其中此外,一或多個H原子可經F、Cl、CN或P1-Sp1-置換,尤佳具有1至12個C原子之直鏈或分支鏈、視情況經單氟化或多氟化之烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、烷基羰基、烷氧基羰基或烷基羰氧基(其中烯基及炔基具有至少兩個且分支鏈基團具有至少三個C原子),R0、R00 彼此獨立地各自且在每次出現時相同或不同地表示H或具有1至12個C原子之烷基,
Ry及Rz彼此獨立地各自表示H、F、CH3或CF3,X1、X2及X3彼此獨立地各自表示-CO-O-、-O-CO-或單鍵,Z1表示-O-、-CO-、-C(RyRz)-或-CF2CF2-,Z2及Z3彼此獨立地各自表示-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-或-(CH2)n-,其中n為2、3或4,L在每次出現時相同或不同地表示F、Cl、CN、SCN、SF5或具有1至12個C原子之直鏈或分支鏈、視情況經單氟化或多氟化之烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、烷基羰基、烷氧基羰基、烷基羰氧基或烷氧基羰氧基,較佳F,L'及L"彼此獨立地各自表示H、F或Cl,r表示0、1、2、3或4,s表示0、1、2或3,t表示0、1或2,x表示0或1。
在式M1至M36化合物中,
較佳表示、、、、
或,
其中L在每次出現時相同或不同地具有以上含義中之一者且較佳表示F、Cl、CN、NO2、CH3、C2H5、C(CH3)3、CH(CH3)2、CH2CH(CH3)C2H5、OCH3、OC2H5、COCH3、COC2H5、COOCH3、COOC2H5、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、OC2F5或P-Sp-,尤佳F、Cl、CN、CH3、C2H5、OCH3、COCH3、OCF3或P-Sp-,極尤佳F、Cl、CH3、OCH3、COCH3或OCF3,尤其F或CH3。
適合可聚合化合物列於例如表E中。
本申請案之液晶介質較佳包含總計0.1%至10%、較佳0.2%至4.0%、尤佳0.2%至2.0%之可聚合化合物。
尤佳為式M及式RM-1至RM-98之可聚合化合物。
本發明混合物可另外包含習知添加劑,諸如穩定劑、抗氧化劑、UV吸收劑、奈米粒子、微粒等。
本發明液晶顯示器之結構對應於常見幾何形狀,如例如EP-A 0 240 379中所述。
以下實例意欲解釋而非限制本發明。在上文及下文中,百分比資料表示重量百分比;所有溫度均以攝氏度指示。
伸環己基環為反-1,4-伸環己基環。
在整個專利申請案及實施例中,液晶化合物之結構藉助於字首語指示。
除非另外指示,否則根據表1至3轉換成化學式。所有基團CnH2n+1、CmH2m+1及Cm‘H2m‘+1或CnH2n及CmH2m分別為直鏈烷基或伸烷基,在各情況下分別具有n、m、m‘或z個C原子。n、m、m‘、z彼此獨立地各自表示1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12,較佳1、2、3、4、5或6。在表1中編碼相應化合物之環元素,在表2中列出橋接成員且在表3中指示化合物左側或右側側鏈之符號之含義。
較佳混合物組分指示於表A及B中。
除式I化合物以外,本發明混合物極尤佳包含一或多種來自表B之化合物。
可根據本發明使用之液晶混合物以本身習知之方式製備。一般而言,宜在高溫下將以較少量使用之所要量之組分溶解於構成主要成分之組分中。亦可能將組分於有機溶劑中(例如丙酮、氯仿或甲醇中)之溶液混合,且在充分混合之後例如藉由蒸餾再次移除溶劑。
可藉助於適合添加劑調節本發明液晶相,其方式為使得其可用於迄今已揭示之任何類型之例如ECB、VAN、IPS、GH或ASM-VA LCD顯示器。
介電質亦可包含熟習此項技術者已知且描述於文獻中之其他添加劑,諸如UV吸收劑、抗氧化劑、奈米粒子及自由基清除劑。舉例而言,可添加0-15%多色染料,穩定劑,諸如苯酚、受阻胺光穩定劑(hindered amine light stabiliser,HALS)(例如Tinuvin 770(=癸二酸雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶)酯)),或對掌性摻雜劑。特定言之,用於本發明混合物之適合穩定劑為表D中所列穩定劑。
舉例而言,可添加0-15%多色染料,此外導電鹽,較佳4-己氧基苯甲酸乙基二甲基十二烷基銨、四苯基氫硼化四丁基銨或冠醚之複合
鹽(參見例如Haller等人,Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst.第24卷,第249-258頁(1973))以改良電導率,或可添加物質以調節向列相之介電各向異性、黏度及/或配向。此類型物質例如描述於DE-A 22 09 127、22 40 864、23 21 632、23 38 281、24 50 088、26 37 430及28 53 728中。
表C展示可添加至本發明混合物之可能摻雜劑。若混合物包含摻雜劑,則其以0.01-4重量%、較佳0.1-1.0重量%之量使用。
在一較佳實施例中,本發明混合物包含一或多種可聚合化合物,較佳選自式RM-1至RM-98之可聚合化合物。特定言之,此類型介質適用於PS-FFS及PS-IPS應用。在表E中所展示之反應性液晶原基中,化合物RM-1、RM-2、RM-3、RM-4、RM-5、RM-11、RM-17、RM-35、RM-41、RM-44、RM-62及RM-81尤佳。
以下實例意欲解釋而非限制本發明。在實例中,以攝氏度為單位,m.p.表示液晶物質之熔點且C表示液晶物質之清澈點;沸點溫度由m.p.表示。此外:C表示結晶固態,S表示近晶相(指數表示相類型),N表示向列態,Ch表示膽固醇相,I表示各向同性相,Tg表示玻璃轉移溫度。兩個符號之間的數字指示以攝氏度為單位之轉化溫度。
用於測定式I化合物之光學各向異性△n之主體混合物為市售混合
物ZLI-4792(Merck KGaA)。使用市售混合物ZLI-2857測定介電各向異性△ε。待研究化合物之物理資料自添加待研究化合物且外插至100%所用化合物之後主體混合物介電常數之變化獲得。一般而言,視溶解度而定,將10%待研究化合物溶解於主體混合物中。
除非另外指示,否則份數或百分比資料表示重量份或重量百分比。
在上文及下文中:Vo表示20℃下電容之臨限電壓[V],ne表示20℃及589nm下之異常折射率,no表示20℃及589nm下之普通折射率,△n表示20℃及589nm下之光學各向異性,ε⊥表示20℃及1kHz下垂直於指向矢之介電電容率,ε∥表示20℃及1kHz下平行於指向矢之介電電容率,△ε表示20℃及1kHz下之介電各向異性,cl.p.、T(N,I)表示清澈點[℃],γ1表示20℃下量測之旋轉黏度[mPa.s],其藉由旋轉法在磁場中測定K1表示在20℃下「展曲」變形之彈性常數[pN],K2表示在20℃下「扭轉」變形之彈性常數[pN],K3表示在20℃下「彎曲」變形之彈性常數[pN],LTS表示在測試單元中測定之低溫穩定性(向列相)。
除非另外明確指示,否則本申請案中所指示之所有溫度值,諸如熔點T(C,N)、近晶相(S)至向列相(N)之轉變T(S,N)及清澈點T(N,I)均以攝氏度(℃)指示。M.p.表示熔點,cl.p.=清澈點。此外,Tg=玻璃態,C=結晶態,N=向列相,S=近晶相且I=各向同性相。此等符號之間的數字表示轉移溫度。
除非在各情況下另外明確指示,否則所有物理特性均根據且已
根據「Merck Liquid Crystals,Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals」,Status 1997年11月,Merck KGaA,Germany測定,且適用於20℃之溫度,且△n係在589nm下測定且△ε在1kHz下測定。
除非另外明確指示,否則用於本發明之術語「臨限電壓」係關於電容臨限(V0),其亦稱為Freedericksz臨限。在實例中,如一般常用,光學臨限亦可針對10%相對對比度(V10)指示。
用於量測電容臨限電壓之顯示器係由兩個間距為20μm之平面平行玻璃外板組成,其各自在內側上具有電極層且在頂部具有未摩擦之聚醯亞胺配向層,此引起液晶分子垂直邊緣配向。
用於量測傾斜角之顯示器或測試單元係由兩個間距為4μm之平面平行玻璃外板組成,其各自在內側上具有電極層且在頂部具有聚醯亞胺配向層,其中使兩個聚醯亞胺層彼此反向平行摩擦且引起液晶分子垂直邊緣配向。
在顯示器或測試單元中藉由用具有限定強度之UVA光(通常365nm)照射預定時間,同時將電壓施加至顯示器(通常10V至30V交流電,1kHz)來聚合可聚合化合物。在實例中,除非另外指示,否則使用50mW/cm2汞蒸氣燈,且使用配有365nm帶通濾光片之標準UV計(製造Ushio UNI計)量測強度。
藉由旋轉晶體實驗(Autronic-Melchers TBA-105)測定傾斜角。此處,低值(亦即,自90°角之較大偏離)對應於大傾斜。
如下量測VHR值:將0.3%可聚合單體化合物添加至LC主體混合物,且將所得混合物引入TN-VHR測試單元中(在90°下摩擦,配向層TN聚醯亞胺,層厚度d6μm)。在1V,60Hz,64μs脈衝下UV曝露2小時(日光測試)之前及之後於100℃下5分鐘之後測定HR值(量測儀器:Autronic-Melchers VHRM-105)。
為了研究低溫穩定性,亦稱為「LTS」,亦即低溫下LC混合物自
發結晶出個別組分之穩定性,在-10℃下儲存含1g LC/RM混合物之瓶子,且定期檢查混合物是否已結晶出。
所謂的「HTP」表示在LC介質中光活性或對掌性物質之螺旋扭轉力(以μm為單位)。除非另外指示,否則HTP在20℃之溫度下於市售向列LC主體混合物MLD-6260(Merck KGaA)中量測。
除非另外明確指示,否則本申請案中所有濃度均以重量百分比指示,且係關於包含所有固體或液晶組分之整個相應混合物(無溶劑)。除非另外明確指示,否則所有物理特性均根據「Merck Liquid Crystals,Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals」,Status 1997年11月,Merck KGaA,Germany測定,且適用於20℃之溫度。
具有負介電各向異性之以下混合物實例尤其適用於具有至少一個平面配向層之液晶顯示器,諸如IPS及FFS顯示器,尤其UB-FFS(=超亮FFS),且適用於VA顯示器。
以下混合物實例可另外包含穩定劑,例如Tinuvin 770(=癸二酸雙(2,2,6,6-四乙基-4-哌啶)酯),其量較佳為0-1%。
與先前技術相比,本發明混合物展現顯著較高聚合率且同時較快地建立傾斜角。
與先前技術相比,本發明混合物展現顯著較高聚合率且同時較快地建立傾斜角。
與先前技術相比,本發明混合物展現顯著較高聚合率且同時較快地建立傾斜角。
Claims (17)
- 一種液晶介質,其特徵在於其包含至少一種式I化合物,其中R1及R1*彼此獨立地各自表示具有1至15個C原子之烷基或烷氧基,其中此外,此等基團中之一或多個CH2基團可彼此獨立地各自經-C≡C-、-CF2O-、-CH=CH-、、、-O-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-置換,其方式為使得O原子彼此不直接連接,且其中此外,一或多個H原子可經鹵素置換,Z1及Z2彼此獨立地各自表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C2F4-、-C≡C-、-CF=CF-、-CH=CHCHO-,L1-3彼此獨立地各自表示F、Cl、CF3、OCF3或CHF2其中該介質另外包含一或多種選自式III、L-1至L-11,T-1至T-21,BC,CR,PH-1,PH-2,BF-1,BF-2,BS-1及P-1至P-4之化合物:其中R31及R32彼此獨立地各自表示具有至多12個C原子之直鏈烷基、烯基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基或烯基氧基,及表示、、、或Z3表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C2F4-、-C4H9-、-C≡C-、-CF=CF-; 其中R、R1及R2各自彼此獨立地表示H、具有至多15個C原子之烷基或烯基,其係未經取代、經CN或CF3單取代或至少經鹵素單取代,其中此外,此等基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-O-、-S-、、-C≡C-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-OC-O-或-O-CO-置換,其方式為使得O原子彼此不直接連接,且烷基表示具有1至6個C原子之烷基,及s表示1或2; 其中R表示具有1-7個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基,m表示0、1、2、3、4、5或6,及n表示0、1、2、3或4; 其中RB1、RB2、RCR1、RCR2、R1、R2各自彼此獨立地表示H、具有至多15個C原子之烷基或烯基,其係未經取代、經CN或CF3單取代或至少經鹵素單取代,其中此外,此等基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-O-、-S-、、-C≡C-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-OC-O-或-O-CO-置換,其方式為使得O原子彼此不直接連接,及c表示0、1或2,d表示1或2; 其中R表示直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烯基,其各自分別具有1或2至6個C原子,及X表示F、Cl、CF3、OCF3、OCHFCF3或CCF2CHFCF3,以及下式之CC-3-V化合物:
- 如請求項1之液晶介質,其中該(等)式I化合物在整個該混合物中之比例為1-30重量%。
- 如請求項1之液晶介質,其中其另外包含一或多種選自式IIA、IIB及IIC之化合物之群的化合物, 其中R2A、R2B及R2C彼此獨立地各自表示H、具有至多15個C原子之烷基或烯基,其係未經取代、經CN或CF3單取代或至少經鹵素單取代,其中此外,此等基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-O-、-S-、、-C≡C-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-OC-O-或-O-CO-置換,其方式為使得O原子彼此不直接連接,L1-4彼此獨立地各自表示F、Cl、CF3或CHF2,Z2及Z2'彼此獨立地各自表示單鍵、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C2F4-、-CF=CF-、-C≡C-、-CH=CHCH2O-,p表示0、1或2,q表示0或1,及v表示1至6。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之液晶介質,其中該介質包含至少一種可聚合化合物。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之液晶介質,其中該介質包含一或多種添加劑。
- 如請求項11之液晶介質,其中該添加劑係選自自由基清除劑、抗氧化劑及/或UV穩定劑之群。
- 一種用於製備如請求項1至12中任一項之液晶介質之方法,其特徵在於將至少一種式I化合物與至少一種其他液晶原基化合物混合。
- 一種如請求項1至12中任一項之液晶介質之用途,其係用於電光顯示器。
- 一種具有主動矩陣定址之電光顯示器,其特徵在於其含有如請求項1至12中任一項之液晶介質作為介電質。
- 如請求項15之電光顯示器,其中其為VA、PSA、PA-VA、PS-VA、PALC、IPS、PS-IPS、FFS、PS-FFS顯示器。
- 如請求項16之電光顯示器,其中其為具有平面配向層之IPS、PS-IPS、FFS或PS-FFS顯示器。
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