TWI579076B - Cutting tool - Google Patents

Description

Cutting tool

The present invention relates to a cutting tool, and more particularly to a cutting tool that reduces friction during cutting.

The general cutting process is a machining method that uses the edge of the tool to remove the workpiece material. The cutting process often includes turning, milling, drilling, and the like. The chips generated during the cutting process slide on the blade surface to generate friction. The larger the contact area between the chip and the blade, the greater the friction. The friction will cause the tool temperature to rise and the tool to wear, resulting in a decrease in tool life and an increase in processing cost and production time.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a prior art patent application publication No. WO 2007099777 discloses an array of a plurality of lattice-like grooves 2 disposed on the blade surface 1 to form a square-shaped projection portion 3, the groove 2 Both length 4 and width 5 are fixed dimensions.

It can be seen that the design allows the cutting fluid to flow into the groove 2 above the blade face 1 to assist in lubrication to reduce the friction between the chip and the blade face. However, it has been found through experiments that although the lattice-like grooves can reduce the frictional force, the chips are still deposited on the blade surface, that is, the so-called built-up edge problem often occurs in the cutting ductile material. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a better cutting tool design, so that the chip is easily separated from the blade surface, thereby reducing the friction between the chip and the blade surface and improving the tool life.

The invention is to provide a newly designed cutting tool design, which is provided with a plurality of grooves on the blade surface, and the hydraulic pressure effect generated by the grooves makes the chips easier to be separated from the blade surface and reduces the between the chips and the blade surface. Friction, which in turn increases the life of the tool.

According to a first embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a design of a cutting tool having a plurality of grooves on a blade surface. Each of the grooves has a herringbone transition. The corner line of each chevron groove is similar to the chip flow direction.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a design of a cutting tool having a plurality of grooves on the cutting face of the cutting tool. Each of the grooves has a non-uniform width distribution. The non-uniform width of each groove is distributed along the flow direction of the chips.

In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a cutting tool design having a plurality of grooves on the blade face. The non-uniform depth of each groove is distributed along the flow direction of the chips.

The details and functions of the embodiments of the present invention can be fully understood from the following description of the drawings and embodiments.

1‧‧‧Cutting tools

2‧‧‧ trench

3‧‧‧ protruding parts

4‧‧‧ spacing

5‧‧‧Width

21‧‧‧ bearing

23‧‧‧ shaft

25‧‧‧Lubricating fluid

100/200‧‧‧ cutting tool

102/202‧‧‧ knives

103‧‧‧Workpieces

105‧‧‧ swarf

104/204‧‧‧

106/206‧‧‧Sand contact area

108/208‧‧‧ cutting edge

110/130/140/150‧‧‧ herringbone groove

111/131‧‧‧ center line

θ‧‧‧Tool angle

112/212‧‧‧ first end

114/214‧‧‧ second end

112a/212a‧‧‧first width

114a/214a‧‧‧second width

120/220‧‧‧Hydrophilic structure

210a/210b/210n/230/220a/220b/220n/230a/230b/240/702/704‧‧‧ trench

D1‧‧‧first depth

D2‧‧‧second depth

X11/X12/X21/X22/X31/X32/Y1/Y2‧‧‧ spacing

X/Y‧‧ Direction

1/1/α2‧‧‧ groove turning angle

The invention will be understood in more detail from the following description, which is given by way of example, and which can be understood by the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the prior art; A schematic view of a conventional dynamic pressure bearing; FIG. 3A is a schematic view showing a cutting tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 3B is a schematic view showing a cutting process; 4A is a top view showing a groove arrangement on a cutting tool of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3; and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view showing a section line AA in FIG. 4A or FIG. 6 showing cutting. Different embodiments of the groove depth on the tool are non-uniformly distributed; FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a cutting tool according to another embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 6 is a view showing a groove on the cutting tool of the embodiment shown in FIG. The top view of the configuration mode; FIG. 7 is a top view showing the arrangement of the grooves on the cutting tool according to another embodiment of the present invention;

The making and using of the embodiments of the present invention are discussed in detail below. However, it should be understood that these embodiments provide many applicable innovative concepts that can be embodied in various specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Please refer to Figure 2 for the basic concepts of dynamic pressure bearings. The bearing 21 in the figure is provided with a rotating shaft 23 that rotates counterclockwise, and lubrication is provided by the lubricating fluid 25 therebetween. When the rotating shaft 23 rotates, the lubricating fluid 25 near the bearing flows toward the increasingly narrower wedge-shaped region in the left-to-right direction in the figure due to the viscous force, and is incompressible in the fluid as it is squeezed in the bearing. Under the condition, a pressure film is formed, and the upper and lower surfaces are separated to avoid contact, so that the frictional force of the bearing when rotating can be ensured that the shearing force of the fluid itself is not the bearing 21 and the rotating shaft 23 Friction between solids in contact with each other. The lowermost part of Fig. 2 shows the hydraulic distribution at different positions, wherein the bearing 21 has the largest pressure at the closest position to the rotating shaft 23, which is the basic concept of the dynamic bearing.

In order to enhance the dynamic pressure effect generated by the fluid, a herringbone groove is generally formed on the surface of the bearing 21 or the rotating shaft 23. When the fluid enters the herringbone groove, it will move to the middle of the groove, and the fluid between the grooves will be The intersection of the grooves in the middle, because the volume of the groove is reduced, plus the incompressibility of the fluid to generate upward pressure, the upper and lower surfaces are more separated. According to an aspect of the invention, the chevron or the wedge groove is disposed on the blade surface of the cutter, and according to the dynamic pressure lubrication principle, the effect of reducing the contact area between the chip and the blade surface as described above can be reduced, and the blade surface can be reduced. Friction between the chip and the chip.

Please refer to FIG. 3A, which shows a schematic view of a cutting tool 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The cutting tool 100 includes a blade 102 and a blade 104. The blade 102 intersects the blade 104 to form a cutting edge 108. A region of the blade 102 adjacent to the cutting edge 108 is a contact area 106 between the blade and the chip. Please also refer to In Fig. 3B, during the cutting process, the cutting tool 100 acts on the workpiece 103, and the chips 105 are generated from the cutting edge 108 and flow over the contact area 106 of the blade and the chip. A plurality of grooves 110 and 150 are disposed on the chip contact region 106 and the blade 104 on the blade surface 102. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that grooves can be created on the flank as well as on the knives using, for example, laser, electrical discharge machining, chemical etching, or even conventional processing. In one embodiment, the blade 102 and the blade 104 sandwich a blade angle θ, which is typically between 45 and 130 degrees. For convenience of description, the cutting edge 108 is in the X direction along the cutting edge 102. The chip 105 is generated from the cutting edge 108 during the cutting process and moves in the Y direction different from the X direction on the chip contact region 106 until it is disengaged from the blade face 102, that is, the Y direction can be understood as being in the cutting process. The direction of chip flow. Especially worth mentioning is that in order to let cut The swarf 105 is more easily detached from the contact area 106. In various embodiments of the present invention, the hydrophobic coating 120 may be disposed on the contact area 106 of the scalpel and the chip by a coating technique or a laser.

The chevron or wedge groove can also be machined on the blade, such as the groove 150 on the blade 104 of Figure 3A and the groove 240 on the blade 204 of Figure 5, but because the workpiece is more rigid than the chip, The tool and the workpiece cannot be separated due to hydraulic lubrication. Therefore, the function of machining the groove on the blade is to save the cutting fluid, reduce the contact area between the blade and the workpiece, and also reduce the friction between the blade and the workpiece.

Referring to Fig. 4A, there is shown a top view of the arrangement of the grooves on the cutting tool of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3. In the figure, the Y direction is the chip flow direction during the cutting process, and the corner line 111 of the chevron groove 110 and the corner line 131 of the chevron groove 130 are both close to the Y direction. During the cutting process, the cutting fluid or air flowing in the herringbone groove 110 is driven by the chips to generate movement in two directions: one is toward the Y direction, and the fluid flows through the herringbone groove. The wedge structure constitutes the condition for generating a dynamic pressure effect. The second is to move along the chevron groove to the middle turning point. After the fluid is squeezed and the two sides of the herringbone groove 110 enter the middle turning portion, the pressure is increased when the space is reduced because of the mass extinction principle. . By adding the pressure-building effects of the fluids moving in the two directions, the chips can be lifted upward to disengage the chips 105 from the blade 102. In another embodiment, the chevron grooves may be combined into a plurality of turned grooves, such as grooves 140 in the figures. According to this concept, a person skilled in the art can derive a groove with more turning points, which is not detailed here.

As mentioned earlier, when the fluid flows to the increasingly narrower wedge-shaped region, it constitutes the condition of the dynamic pressure effect. Referring to Fig. 4B, there is shown a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 4A. In the figure, D1 and D2 indicate the depths of the grooves at different positions along the Y direction. D1 in Figure 4B is greater than D2, so the cutting fluid or air in the groove is driven by the upper chip to move toward the tapered direction of the wedge structure, generating a dynamic pressure effect, thereby lifting the chip upward, and separating the chip and the blade face (blade surface 102) .

Referring to FIG. 5, a schematic view of a cutting tool 200 according to still another embodiment of the present invention is shown. The cutting tool 200 includes a blade face 202 and a blade 204 that intersects the blade web 204 to form a cutting edge 208. The region of the blade face 202 adjacent the cutting edge 208 is the chip contact region 206. In one embodiment, the knife face 202 and the blade web 204 sandwich a blade angle θ, which is typically between 45 and 130 degrees. A plurality of grooves 210, 210a, 210b ... 210n, 220a, 220b ... 220n, 240, etc. are disposed on the chip contact area 206 and the blade 204 on the blade surface 202. For convenience of description, the cutting edge 208 is in the X direction along the cutting edge 202. The chips 105 are generated from the cutting edge 208 during the cutting process and move in the Y direction above the chip contact area 206 until they are disengaged from the blade face 202, that is, the Y direction can be understood as the direction of chip flow during the cutting process.

Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a schematic diagram showing various arrangements of the grooves 210 a , 210 b . . . 210n , 220 a , 220 b , 230 a , 230 b , 240 , and the like on the blade surface 202 and the blade 204 . In Fig. 6, the upper width 212a of the groove 210n is smaller than the lower width 214a thereof. According to the formation condition of the dynamic pressure effect described above, those skilled in the art can understand that the cutting fluid flowing in the groove of the flank during the cutting process (not shown) Or the air is pushed toward the tapered direction of the wedge structure by the pushing of the upper chips (not shown), and a dynamic pressure effect is generated, thereby pushing the chips upward to disengage the chips from the blade surface (blade surface 202).

Referring again to FIG. 6, in an embodiment, the pitches X11, X12 of the trenches 210a, 210b...210n disposed along the X direction are fixed pitches; in another embodiment, the trenches 220a, The spacings X21 and X22 of the 220b...220n arranged in the X direction are in a decreasing relationship, that is, X21 is greater than X22; in another embodiment, the grooves 230a, 230b...230n are arranged along the X direction. The spacing X31 and X32 of the X-direction configuration is an increasing relationship, that is, X31 is smaller than X32. In another embodiment, along the Y direction, the spacings Y1 and Y2 between the rows of trenches exhibit a decreasing relationship, i.e., Y1 is greater than Y2. There is no performance in the figure, however, those skilled in the art can infer that another embodiment is that, along the Y direction, the spacings Y1 and Y2 between the grooves of each column exhibit an increasing relationship, that is, Y1 is smaller than Y2. In summary, the spacing of the grooves disposed on the flank 102, 202 and the flank 104, 204 may have a non-uniform distribution, whether incremental or decreasing. Under the condition that the groove shape conforms to the various concepts of the present invention described above, the variation of the groove pitch, that is, the non-uniform distribution, can be formed in the positional arrangement.

Referring to Figure 7, there are shown various other embodiments of the cutting insert grooves of the present invention, such as a single curved groove 702, and a multi-curved groove 704. The Y direction in the figure is the direction of chip flow during the cutting process. Those skilled in the art can arrange and combine as needed according to the various embodiments described above.

Example

A cutting tool comprising: a knife face having a plurality of grooves on a blade surface disposed on a contact area of the blade face and the chip, wherein each of the grooves has a herringbone turn.

2. The cutting tool of embodiment 1, wherein the chip contact area has a flow direction of all the chips, and one of the center line configurations of the chevron turns of each of the grooves is similar to the chip flow direction.

3. The cutting edge of the cutting tool according to embodiment 1 intersects the blade surface to form a cutting edge, and the blade has a plurality of grooves having the chevron turning.

4. A cutting tool comprising: a knife face having a plurality of grooves on a blade face disposed on a contact area of the blade face with the chips, wherein each of the grooves has a non-uniform width distribution.

5. The cutting tool of embodiment 4, wherein the contact area of the chip with the blade face has a flow direction of all the debris, and the non-uniform width distribution of each of the grooves is disposed along the flow direction of the chip.

6. The cutting edge of the cutting insert according to embodiment 4, intersecting the cutting face to form a cutting edge, and the cutting edge is provided with a plurality of grooves having the non-uniform width distribution.

7. A cutting tool comprising: a knife face having a plurality of grooves disposed on the blade face and the chip contact area, wherein each of the grooves has a non-uniform depth profile.

8. The cutting tool of embodiment 7, wherein the chip contact area has all of the flow direction of the chips, and the non-uniform depth distribution of each of the grooves is disposed along the flow direction of the chips.

9. The cutting edge of the cutting tool according to embodiment 8 intersects the blade surface to form a cutting edge, and the blade has a plurality of grooves having the non-uniform depth distribution.

10. The cutting tool of embodiment 1-9, wherein the cutting surface comprises a hydrophobic coating, wherein the cutting surface intersects the cutting edge to form a cutting edge, the cutting surface having along the same An X direction of the cutting edge, and different from the In the Y direction of the first direction, the grooves are arranged along the X direction and the Y direction, the chip contact area is adjacent to the cutting edge, and the spacing between the grooves has a non-uniform distribution.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention can be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached.

100‧‧‧Cutting tools

102‧‧‧Knife

104‧‧‧ knife belly

106‧‧‧Sands and tool contact area

108‧‧‧ cutting edge

θ‧‧‧Tool angle

110‧‧‧ herringbone groove

120‧‧‧hydrophobic structure

Claims (6)

A cutting tool comprising: a knife face having a plurality of grooves on a blade surface, the groove being disposed on a contact area between the blade face and the chip, wherein each groove has a herringbone turn, and the chip has all the flow direction of the chip, and The chevron turning point points to the direction of the chip flow. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein a center line direction of each groove is close to the chip flow direction. The cutting tool of claim 1 or 2, comprising a blade face and a blade face, wherein the blade face intersects the blade face to form a cutting edge, and the chip contact area is adjacent to the cutting edge. The cutting tool of claim 3, wherein the blade is provided with a plurality of groove layers having the chevron turning, and the blade comprises a hydrophobic coating. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein the spacing between the grooves is non-uniformly distributed. The cutting tool of claim 1, wherein each of the grooves has a non-uniform depth distribution.