TWI422604B - 梳型(塊體)共聚合物 - Google Patents
梳型(塊體)共聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI422604B TWI422604B TW096149120A TW96149120A TWI422604B TW I422604 B TWI422604 B TW I422604B TW 096149120 A TW096149120 A TW 096149120A TW 96149120 A TW96149120 A TW 96149120A TW I422604 B TWI422604 B TW I422604B
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- Prior art keywords
- comb
- type copolymer
- copolymer according
- patent application
- pigment
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- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000118 hair dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cyclopentane Natural products CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002986 polymer concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LLBIOIRWAYBCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyranthrene-8,16-dione Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C=C4C5=CC=CC=C5C(=O)C5=C4C4=C3C2=C1C=C4C=C5 LLBIOIRWAYBCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004897 thiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
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- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
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Description
本發明關於梳型(塊體)共聚合物,其之製得係藉由將I. 至少一(塊體)共聚合物,其包含由必要時被取代之苯乙烯及順丁烯二酸酐經聚合所形成之單元,該共聚合物已藉由活性自由基聚合反應之方法製得,與II. 至少一聚亞烷基氧化物單胺,其包含一級胺末端基於反應溫度150℃下相互反應,且接著將至少25莫耳百分比之反應產物之自由羧基在反應溫度<100℃下且於必要時於加入水之後加以鹽化。
目前已知許多梳型共聚合物可作為濕潤劑及分散劑使用,尤其是作為顏料使用。由先前技術已知梳型共聚合物之製得係由將苯乙烯/順丁烯二酸酐共聚合物(SMA樹脂)與聚亞烷基氧化物單胺及聚亞烷基二醇相互反應所製得。美國專利案US 6,310,143敘述依此方式所製成之梳型共聚合物,其除含有亞胺結構外,還必須含有支鏈連結至主鏈之醯胺鍵結及酯鍵結,因此該等梳型共聚合物便不具許多被應用作為分散劑及濕潤劑所需要之抗水解特性。
同樣還有由美國專利案US 6,406,143習知之梳型共聚合物,其不含任何之亞胺鍵結,但卻含支鏈與苯乙烯/順丁烯二酸酐共聚合物主鏈之醯胺鍵結及酯鍵結。
就該先前技術之背景而言,有一必要條件在於提供梳型共聚合物,其之基礎係為苯乙烯/順丁烯二酸酐之共聚合物且以直鏈形聚亞烷基氧化物聚合物為支鏈,其不僅呈現出優越之抗
水解特性,亦呈現優越之濕潤及分散作用,因此非常理想地適合在許多領域上使用,尤其適用在顏料膏之生產上及該等顏料膏在許多產物上之使用。
因此,本發明之目的在於提供梳型共聚合物,其之基礎為苯乙烯-順丁烯二酸酐之共聚合物且以直鏈形聚亞烷基氧化物為支鏈,其在固體之分散液中,尤其在顏料之分散液中產生改善濕潤及分散之作用。
本目的係由提供根據本發明之梳型共聚合物達成,其之製得係藉由將I. 至少一(塊體)共聚合物,其包含由必要時被取代之苯乙烯及順丁烯二酸酐經聚合所形成之單元,該共聚合物已藉由活性自由基聚合反應之方法製得,與II. 至少一聚亞烷基氧化物單胺,其包含一級胺末端基於反應溫度15()℃下相互反應,且接著將至少25莫耳百分比之反應產物之自由羧基在反應溫度<100℃下,以II於必要時其他三級胺及於必要時在加入水之後加以鹽化。
於反應中作為主鏈使用之SMA樹脂為必要時可被取代之苯乙烯/順丁烯二酸酐共聚合物,苯乙烯於必要時可被含有1至15個碳原子之烷基,較偏好被甲基,被含有6至18個碳原子之芳香基,鹵素,較偏好氯,或至少一硝基所取代。
因此,根據本發明,術語SMA樹脂中之「S」意指一被取代及一未經取代之苯乙烯兩者。
SMA樹脂具一安定,以交替出現方式,呈現梯度型態或
塊形型態之結構。
根據本發明之SMA樹脂聚合物較偏好由下列之控制自由基聚合反應方法所製得:- 「可逆加成斷裂鏈轉移自由基聚合法」(Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Process,RAFT),其中某些被使用之鏈轉移劑亦以「MADIX」為人所知,且「加成斷裂鏈轉移」於本文中僅被稱為「RAFT」,其例如揭露於Polym.Int.2000,49,993;Aust.J.Chem.2005,58,379;J.Polym.Sci.Part.A:Polym.Chem.2005,43,5347;美國專利案US 6 291 620;世界專利案WO 98/01478;世界專利案WO 98/58974及世界專利案WO 99131144,或- 受到控制之聚合反應,其係利用硝醯化合物為鏈轉移劑(NMP),例如揭露於Chem.Rev.2001,101,3661。
描述於美國專利案US 6,291,620中之C-RAFT方法尤其較偏好用於聚合技術上。其相關之揭露內容於此被引用作為本申請案之部分揭露內容。SMA樹脂尤其較偏好以受到控制之自由基聚合反應方法在作為鏈轉移劑之2,4-二苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯之存在下製得。
依此方式所製得之SMA樹脂中必要時被取代之苯乙烯/順丁烯二酸酐之莫耳比較偏好為1:1至8:1。而必要時被取代之苯乙烯/順丁烯二酸酐之莫耳比尤其偏好為1:1至2:1。所使用之SMA樹脂其數均分子量較偏好介於1000克/莫耳及20,000克/莫耳之間(由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)所測得)。
使用於製造根據本發明之SMA樹脂之單官能性起始劑啟動一條僅具一個生長方向之聚合物鏈。使用於特殊自由、受到
控制之聚合反應法之單官能性起始劑為所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所習知。可使用之起始劑例如有偶氮起始劑諸如偶氮二異丁腈、過氧化合物諸如過氧化二苯甲醯及過氧化二異丙苯及過硫酸鹽諸如過硫酸鉀。
鏈轉移劑之範例被載於上文所引用之文獻中;2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基(TEMPO)或N-三級丁基-N-[1-二乙基磷-(2,2-二甲基丙基)]硝醯基例如適合於作為氮氧自由基控制之活性聚合方法(NMP)之使用,而硫代羧酸酯、黃元酸酯(xanthogenic acid ester)或2,4-二苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯則適合於可逆加成斷裂鏈轉移聚合法(RAFT)之使用。
再者,於氮氧自由基控制之活性聚合方法中,起始劑與鏈轉移劑之加成物可以被使用如同於例如在Chem.Rev.2001,101,3661,“V.Approaches to Alkoxyamines”或在Angewandte Chemie Int.Ed.2004,43,6186中所述。
聚合反應可在有機溶液中進行。適合溶劑之範例有芳香烴化合物諸如二甲苯(xylene)或羧酸酯諸如乙酸-2-甲氧基丙酯(2-methoxypropyl acetate)或乙酸丁酯。
聚合反應之溫度視所使用之聚合技術及所使用之起始劑之半衰期而定。一般而言,該溫度係介於60℃及200℃之間,較偏好介於100℃及160℃之間。
使用作為生產根據本發明梳型(塊體)共聚合物之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺較偏好為含有1至4個碳原子以單醇為起端之聚醚類,其係由環氧乙烷(ethylene oxide)與環氧丙烷(propylene oxide)等單元所合成,且帶有一個一級胺為終端基。環氧乙烷單元與環氧丙烷單元之重量比應較偏好介於5:95與100:0之間,尤其偏好介於30:70與70:30之間。而所使用之聚亞
烷基氧化物單胺之數均分子量較偏好介於500克/莫耳及3000克/莫耳之間(由胺值或是1H-NMR光譜學所測得)。
與(塊體)共聚合物I於反應溫度150℃下之反應係利用一聚亞烷基氧化物單胺來進行,其不同於聚亞烷基氧化物單胺,其被作為反應產物自由羧基之鹽化使用。其較偏好完全相同。
再者,鹽化所需之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺最多至50%可被其他之胺基化合物,較偏好被至少一個三級單胺化合物諸如N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺、N,N-二丁基乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、乙基二乙醇胺或是三乙醇胺等所取代。
根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物其製造較偏好為在開始時部分溶解至少一SMA樹脂,其已預先透過活性自由基聚合反應之方法使用2,4-二苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯在適當之溶劑中製得。於其中至少加入一聚亞烷基氧化物單胺,其胺基組成單元與SMA樹脂順丁烯二酸酐單元之莫耳比為75%至25%,且在反應溫度150℃,較偏好在160℃之下反應一段時間使(塊體)共聚合物之酸酐結構至少有25個莫耳百分比,尤其較偏好至少有50個莫耳百分比被反應。於該例中,一級胺基與(塊體)共聚合物之酸酐結構幾乎完全生成亞胺結構。於反應開始時所加入之溶劑較偏好在反應進行時用蒸餾之方法加以移除。因為在亞胺生成時會產生水,因此(塊體)共聚合物之酸酐結構可進一步釋出而生成羧基酸之官能性。一旦反應溫度降低之後,另外之水可視需要而被加至反應之混合物中。在進一步加入將自由羧基鹽化之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺之前,較偏好已經被使用於反應溫度150℃下之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺或是不同於其等之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺及/或必要時另一低分子量之三級單胺,如上文所述,反應混合物較偏好被冷卻至<100℃。
聚亞烷基氧化物單胺組成較偏好以兩部分加入,第一部分被計算出和上述所要求酸酐轉換成亞胺結構之程度一致,而剩餘之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺或是聚亞烷基氧化物單胺之第二部份及於必要時亦可被使用之三級單胺係根據反應產物至少有25個莫耳百分比,尤其較偏好至少有50個莫耳百分比之自由羧基被鹽化程度所決定。
同時還有在與聚亞烷基氧化物單胺組成反應時使用一(塊體)共聚合物之溶劑可確保該(塊體)共聚合物所有之酸酐官能基大部分相等地能夠於反應一開始時即進行反應。依此方式可得到更均質之產物。
被鹽化之反應產物可用加水方式加以稀釋。
根據本發明,梳型(塊體)共聚合物之含意係指一種聚合物,於其中作為基礎聚合物或主鏈之共聚合物或塊體共聚合物實際上係透過醯胺鍵結及亞胺鍵結與直鏈聚合體之支鏈產生共價鍵結。
根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物在許多由先前技術所習知之應用上適合於作為濕潤劑及分散劑使用。此等聚合物因此可例如使用於塗層材料、印刷油墨、噴墨技術諸如噴墨印表機之油墨、紙張塗料、皮革與紡織品之染料、漿糊、顏料濃縮物、陶瓷、化妝品等之生產或加工,較偏好於固體物質諸如顏料及/或充填劑無論何時存在下。根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物也可使用於以人工合成、半人工合成或天然之聚合物諸如聚氯乙烯、飽和或不飽和之聚酯類、聚氨基甲酸酯類、聚苯乙烯類、聚丙烯酸酯類、聚醯胺類、環氧樹脂、聚烯烴諸如聚乙烯或是聚丙烯等為基礎之澆鑄組成物及/或模鑄組成物之生產或是加工。根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物也可以被使用於澆鑄組
成物、聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑溶膠、膠衣、聚合物混凝土、印刷電路板、工業、木材及傢俱塗料、汽車用塗料、船用途料、抗腐蝕塗料、罐頭及卷材塗料、裝飾及建築塗料等之生產或加工,其等也可作為傳統上所熟知之黏合劑及/或溶劑、顏料及於必要時作為填充劑,根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物及於必要時添加之傳統輔助物質。傳統黏合劑之範例有以聚氨基甲酸酯類、硝酸纖維素酯、乙醯乙酸纖維素酯、醇酸樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、聚酯類、氯化橡膠、環氧樹脂及丙烯酸酯類等為基礎之樹脂。
根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物也適合作為濕潤劑及分散劑用於生產水性塗料諸如作為汽車車身之陰極或陽極電浸塗料。作為分散劑使用之其他範例還有精製油脂、矽酸鹽塗料、乳化塗料、以可被水稀釋之醇酸樹脂、醇酸樹脂乳化液、混雜系統、2-組成分系統、聚氨基甲酸酯類分散液及丙烯酸酯類分散液等為基礎之水性塗料組成物。
根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物尤其也適合於作為生產固體濃縮物,較偏好作為生產顏料濃縮物之用。為此目的,於開始之時將該等共聚合物加至一載體溶媒諸如有機溶劑、塑溶膠及/或水之中,並將待分散之固體加以攪拌。此等濃縮物除此之外可含有黏合劑及/或其他輔助物質。然而,也可有利地使用根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物於生產安定、不含黏合劑之顏料濃縮物。同樣地也可使用根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物從顏料濾餅生產可流動之顏料濃縮物。於該例中,根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物被摻入濾餅中,其依舊可含有水份,再將所形成混合物加以分散。此類固體濃縮物,尤其是顏料濃縮物,然後可加入各種基體諸如醇酸樹脂、聚酯類樹脂、
丙烯酸酯樹脂、聚氨基甲酸酯類樹脂或環氧樹脂之中。在沒有溶劑下直接被分散至根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物中之顏料尤其適合於作為著色熱塑料配方及熱固塑料配方之用。
有利者是,根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物也可使用於生產「無壓」印刷技術諸如「熱噴墨打印」及「噴泡式技術」之油墨。該等油墨例如可為水性之墨水配方,溶劑式之墨水配方、不含溶劑或低溶劑之紫外光用墨水及含蠟墨水。
根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物也可使用於生產化妝製品諸如用於化妝、粉餅、口紅、染髮劑、乳霜、指甲油及防曬霜製品之用。該等製品可採用傳統配方之形式諸如W/O或O/W之乳化液、溶液、凝膠、乳霜、化妝水或噴液等。根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物及上述之混合物於此已可使用作為生產該製品所使用分散液中之分散劑。該分散液可含傳統化妝品之載體溶媒,諸如有水、箆麻子油或矽油,及固體物質,諸如有機及無機顏料,諸如二氧化鈦或氧化鐵。
本發明也提供根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物作為濕潤劑及分散劑之使用。
該濕潤劑及分散劑較偏好被使用作為上述之應用。
另一項應用為在一基體上製造一著色之塗層,該著色之塗層係被塗被在該基體之表面上,且該被塗被之著色塗層以火爐烘烤或加工處理或交叉連結。
根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物於必要時也可被使用於其等共同與傳統先前技術黏合劑之應用上。就使用於聚烯烴而言,能夠為有利者例如使用適當低分子量之聚烯烴為載體物質並連同至少一種根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物。
一項根據本發明之使用尤其亦涉及生產以粉狀或纖維狀
顆粒為形式之可分散固體物質,尤其是生產可分散之顏料或是塑料填充劑,其亦可生產表面被塗被上一種根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物之顆粒。塗被該種有機或無機固體物質之塗層係依照已知之方式進行,如同例如在歐洲專利案EP-A-0 270 126中所述。於該例中,溶劑或乳化劑可以被移除抑或是被保留在該混合物中,形成一糊狀物。該糊狀物為標準之商品,其於必要時可含黏合劑及其他之輔助物質及添加劑。
特別是在顏料方面,藉由加入根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物之方式在顏料表面上作修改,亦即塗被,可在顏料生產之過程中或在其生產之後進行,亦即在顏料生產中或在顏料完成時將根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物加入顏料之懸浮液之中。
依此方式被前處理過之顏料其特別之處有可混合性增加,黏稠度、絮凝行為及色澤性等獲得改善,及色彩強度提高,其係相對於表面尚未被處理過之顏料而言。
根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物適合於作為許多種顏料,諸如單、雙、三及聚多偶氮顏料、噁嗪(oxazine)顏料、雙噁嗪(dioxazine)顏料、噻嗪(thiazine)顏料、二酮吡咯並吡咯(diketopyrrolopyrroles)顏料、酞菁(phthalocyanines)顏料、佛青色或其他金屬錯合物之顏料、靛藍類(indigoid)顏料、二苯基甲烷(diphenylmethane)顏料、三芳甲烷(triarylmethane)顏料、(夾)氧雜蔥(xanthene)顏料、二苯並吡啶(acridine)顏料、喹吖啶酮(quinacridone)顏料、次甲基(methine)顏料、蒽醌(anthraxquinone)顏料、皮蒽酮(pyranthrone)顏料、二萘嵌苯(perylene)顏料及其他多環羰基顏料等之濕潤劑或分散劑。根據本發明可被分散之有機顏料其他範例可於專題論文:W.Herbst,K.Hunger「工
業用有機顏料(Industrial Organic Pigments)」,1997(出版公司:Wiley-VCH,ISBN:3-527-28836-8)找到。根據本發明可被分散之無機顏料範例有以碳黑、石墨、鋅、二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、硫化鋅、磷酸鋅、硫酸鋇、氯化鋰(lithophone)、氧化鐵、佛青色、磷酸錳、鋁酸鈷、錫酸鈷、鋅酸鈷、三氧化二銻、硫化銻、三氧化二鉻、鉻酸鋅、以鎳、鉍、釩、鉬、鎘、鈦、鋅、錳、鈷、鐵、鉻、銻、鎂、鋁等為基礎之混合金屬氧化物(例如鎳/鈦黃色;鉍/釩/鉬黃色或鉻/鈦黃色)等為基礎之顏料。其他範例記載於下列之專題論文中:G.Buxbaum「工業用無機顏料(Industrial Inorganic Pigments)」,1998(出版公司:Wiley-VCH,ISBN:3-527-28878-3)。無機顏料亦可為以純鐵、氧化鐵及三氧化二鉻或其等混合氧化物等為基礎之磁性顏料、由鋁、鋅、銅或黃銅所製成之金屬效應顏料及珠光顏料、螢光及磷光發光顏料等。顆粒大小低於100nm之奈米級有機或無機固體物質,諸如某些等級之碳黑或由金屬或半金屬之氧化物或氫氧化物所組成之顆粒、及由混合金屬及/或半金屬之氧化物或氫氧化物所組成之顆粒可於根據本發明之梳型共聚合物或其等上述之混合物幫助下被加以分散。適合於該用途之氧化物有鋁、矽、鋅、鈦之氧化物及/或氧化物/氫氧化物,其可使用於生產超細碎之固體物質。該氧化物或氫氧化物或氧化物/氫氧化物之顆粒可用不同之方法生產,例如用離子交換技術、等離子體處理技術(plasma process)、溶膠-凝膠技術、沈澱法、粉碎法(例如應用研磨技術)或火焰水解法等。該奈米級之固體物質亦可包含「混合性」之顆粒,其係由一顆無機核心及一有機外殼或一有機核心及一無機外殼所組成。
根據本發明之方式可被加以分散之粉末狀或纖維狀填充
劑尤其是該等由氧化鋁、氫氧化鋁、二氧化矽、矽藻土、矽土、石英、矽膠、滑石粉、高嶺土、雲母、珍珠岩、長石、板岩粉、硫酸鈣、硫酸鋇、碳酸鈣、方解石、白雲石、玻璃或碳等之粉末狀或纖維狀顆粒所構成之填充劑。可被分散之顏料或增量劑之其他範例亦可於專利案EP-A-0 270 126找到。火焰延遲劑,諸如氫氧化鋁或氫氧化鎂及毛面劑,例如矽土同樣也可以極佳地被分散,且可用根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物使其安定。
因此,本發明亦提供塗料、糊狀物及模鑄組成物,其等含有至少一種根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物及至少一種顏料、一種有機性載體溶媒及/或水,及於必要時還含有黏合劑及傳統輔助物質。本發明因此也提供上述被塗被至少一種根據本發明之梳型(塊體)共聚合物之顏料。
1.1 聚合物1:交替性SMA樹脂,其苯乙烯與甲基磺酸(MSA)之比例為2:1
將27.3公克之乙酸甲氧基丙基酯、4.2公克之2,4-二苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯及3.3公克之苯乙烯加熱至140℃。當一到達反應溫度時,14.4公克之順丁烯二酸酐及被部分溶解於21.7公克乙酸甲氧基丙基酯中之2.3公克之偶氮二異戊腈(AMBN)被分成100分鐘且26.8公克之苯乙烯被分成85分鐘。
經過1小時之後反應時間後,將該聚合物之溶液冷卻至室溫。2,4-二苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯殘留量:0.1%。
數均分子量(Mn):2775公克/莫耳
1.2 聚合物2:雙塊體共聚合物
將27.3公克之乙酸甲氧基丙基酯、4.2公克之2,4-二苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯加熱至140℃。當一到達反應溫度時,14.4公克之順丁烯二酸酐以及被部分溶解於21.7公克乙酸甲氧基丙基酯中之2.3公克之偶氮二異戊腈(AMBN)被分成100分鐘且26.8公克之苯乙烯被分成85分鐘。經過15分鐘反應時間後,將被部分溶解於10公克乙酸甲氧基丙基酯中之1公克之偶氮二異戊腈(AMBN)及10公克之苯乙烯被分成100分鐘。經過1小時反應時間後,將該聚合物之溶液冷卻至室溫。2,4-二苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯殘留量:0.08%。
數均分子量(Mn):3156公克/莫耳
2.1 梳型共聚合物1(比較性範例)
將100公克聚合物1之乙酸甲氧基丙基酯溶液與150公克Jeffamin M 2070在160℃下反應4個小時,用蒸餾方式將乙酸甲氧基丙基酯去除。
將此反應混合物用水稀釋成一固體含量為40重量百分比。
2.2 梳型共聚合物2
將100公克聚合物1之乙酸甲氧基丙基酯溶液與120公克Jeffamin M 2070在160℃下反應4個小時,用蒸餾方式將乙酸甲氧基丙基酯去除。
將反應混合物冷卻至室溫並加入30公克之Jeffamin M 2070。
在最後步驟中,將此反應混合物用水稀釋成一固體含量為40重量百分比。
在最後步驟中,將此反應混合物用水稀釋成一固體含量為
40重量百分比。
應用試驗
3.1產生水性顏料濃縮物之配方
BYK®-019:去泡沫劑,製造商:Byk Chemie GmbH
BYK®-024:去泡沫劑,製造商:Byk Chemie GmbH
BYK®-420:去泡沫劑,製造商:Byk Chemie GmbH
Proxel GXL:殺黴菌劑,製造商:Zeneca
本配方之組成份係利用Dispermat CV unit在40℃及10000rpm下被分散40分鐘。
3.2 塗被用配方
Joncryl 537:水溶性澄清乳化顏料,製造商:BASF
塗膜係將化合物以機械方式均質化10分鐘並將之塗被後所產生。
3.3 試驗結果
顏料濃縮物之黏稠度
根據3.1或3.2之塗被用配方
梳型共聚合物1(比較用)
梳型共聚合物2
評估等級:(光學/機械)
1 良好
2 滿意
3 不滿意
* 不透明顏料,無法被評估
光澤或模糊之程度係利用Byk Gardner之「模糊-光澤」測量儀所測得。
3.4 含有溶劑之紫外光塗被配方
3.4.1 組成
3.4.2 組成
TPGDA:三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯
Laromer PE 56 F:聚酯丙烯酸酯
Laromer 8987:聚氨酯丙烯酸酯
Heliogen藍色L6700 F:銅酞菁Epsilon PB 15:6 BET 54
Hostaperm ER 02:喹吖啶酮PV19 BET 83
顏料及分散劑(梳型共聚合物)依序被秤重並加入反應之溶劑三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯中。該混合物在一分散機(Dispermat)中於800rpm及40℃下被分散30分鐘。當一完成分散時,基本原料即被加入該丙烯酸酯之組成份中並且在2000rpm下繼續被均質化10分鐘。該塗料然後被應用。
3.5.1 根據3.4.1之紫外光塗被之試驗結果
3.5.1 根據3.4.2之紫外光塗被之試驗結果
評估係根據上述之評估等級
光澤度係利用上述之儀器測得。
Claims (24)
- 一種梳型共聚合物,其製得係藉由將I至少一共聚合物,其包含由未被取代或被取代之苯乙烯及順丁烯二酸酐經聚合所形成之單元,其已藉由活性控制自由基聚合反應之方法製得,與II至少一聚亞烷基氧化物單胺,其包含一級胺末端基於反應溫度150℃下相互反應,且接著將至少25莫耳百分比之反應產物之自由羧基在反應溫度<100℃下加以鹽化。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,該共聚合物I已由C-RAFT(可逆加成斷裂鏈轉移聚合法)之聚合反應方法製得。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,該共聚合物I係以交替出現方式,呈現梯度型態或塊形型態之結構。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,該梳型共聚合物I具有未被取代或被取代之苯乙烯與順丁烯二酸酐單元之莫耳比為1:1至8:1。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,當於反應溫度150℃下反應時,僅有一部份含有一級胺終端基之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺被反應。
- 根據申請專利範圍第5項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,於150℃下,至少有50重量百分比之含有一級胺終端基之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺被反應。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,該含有一級胺終端基之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺係由環氧乙烷及/或 環氧丙烷等單元所構成。
- 根據申請專利範圍第7項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,環氧乙烷單元與環氧丙烷單元之莫耳比為5:95至100:0。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,含有一級胺終端基之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺總量之第一個部分於150℃下反應時被加入,而剩餘之部分則於反應溫度降至100℃以下之後才被加入。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,鹽化之進行係藉由加入其他胺基組成份。
- 根據申請專利範圍第10項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,所使用之其他胺基組成份至少為一含有一級胺終端基之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺,所述之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺不同於已加入該反應中之含有一級胺終端基之聚亞烷基氧化物單胺。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,鹽化反應藉由加入水而進行。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項所述之梳型共聚合物,其特徵為,該共聚合物I具有塊形型態之結構。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1項至第13項中任一項所述之梳型共聚合物為基礎之濕潤劑及分散劑。
- 一種至少根據申請專利範圍第1項至第13項中任一項所述之梳型共聚合物之用途,作為濕潤劑及分散劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,作為固體物質。
- 根據申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,作為顏料及/或填充劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,於固體物質濃縮物之生產及/或加工。
- 根據申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,於顏料濃縮物或顏料 糊之生產及/或加工。
- 根據申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,於塗層材料、印刷油墨、噴墨技術之油墨、紙張塗料、皮革及/或紡織品之染料、陶瓷、化妝品之生產及/或加工。
- 根據申請專利範圍第15項所述之用途,於以人工合成、半人工合成或是天然之聚合物為基礎之澆鑄組成物及/或模鑄組成物之生產及/或加工。
- 根據申請專利範圍第16項所述之用途,其特徵為,亦使用傳統輔助物質。
- 一種塗層材料、糊狀物或模鑄組成物,其包含至少一根據申請專利範圍第1項至第13項中任一項所述之梳型共聚合物,作為濕潤劑及分散劑。
- 一種顏料,其表面被至少一根據申請專利範圍第1項至第13項中任一項所製得之梳型共聚合物改質。
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2006
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- 2007-12-21 KR KR1020097015803A patent/KR101449438B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-12-21 DE DE502007006909T patent/DE502007006909D1/de active Active
- 2007-12-21 US US12/521,163 patent/US8153731B2/en active Active
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- 2007-12-21 JP JP2009543386A patent/JP5122582B2/ja active Active
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US5364909A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-11-15 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Graft polymer compositions containing mono-amine functionalized polyoxyalkylene ethers |
US6406143B1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2002-06-18 | Eastman Kodak Company | Ink jet printing method |
CN1711320A (zh) * | 2002-11-18 | 2005-12-21 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 含有带羧酸酯基的水溶性阴离子表面活性添加剂的固体颜料制剂 |
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CA2671774C (en) | 2015-04-28 |
CN101595136A (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
ATE504608T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
US8153731B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 |
EP2125909B1 (de) | 2011-04-06 |
JP5122582B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
TW200838887A (en) | 2008-10-01 |
US20100099813A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
KR20090094045A (ko) | 2009-09-02 |
WO2008080579A1 (de) | 2008-07-10 |
CA2671774A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
DE102006062439A1 (de) | 2008-07-03 |
EP2125909A1 (de) | 2009-12-02 |
JP2010514862A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
DE502007006909D1 (de) | 2011-05-19 |
KR101449438B1 (ko) | 2014-10-14 |
CN101595136B (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
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