1375774 /々年7月彳日修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 light-guide plate which has trigonal pyramid refract ion grating 4 in radiation surface and convex mirror 5 in base surface, three colors of parallel light expand flux of light by convex mirror, and reflect to trigonal pyramid refract ion grating, and irradiate to the pixel which is consisted of lozenge-shaped sub-pixel. 四、指定代表圓： (一） 本案指定代表圖為：第（ 20 )圖。 (二） 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明： 5A、5C:凸反射面 1 5 A :折射面 24 :導光板 27A、27C:次像素 28:液晶夹持基板 48 :偏光板 五、本案若有化學式時，請揭示最能顯示發明特 徵的化學式： 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於藉由構成格子狀的反射元件或折射元件 控制來自發光元件的光的射出方向，並改善混色特性之照 明裝置（lighting apparatus)及顯示裝置（display 3 099Γ01215 10132:55177-0 1375774 /。/年7月J·日修(更)i替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 apparatus) ° 【先前技術】 半導體發光元件（semiconductor light emitting element)因小型、高效率、長壽命、低電壓動作、高速響 應等的優良的特徵而被廣泛地使用於各種顯示裝置、照明 襞置等。 液晶顯示裝置即使是由紅、綠、藍的3原色發光元件 產生的不連續的光譜（spectrum)，因藉由3色的控制信號 顯示其中間色’故可利用使用3色的發光元件的3原色光。 將3色的發光元件配設於圓錐内面並拉長後方散射的混色 距離之提案（圖40，專利文獻1)會使伴隨多重反射的吸收 增加並使效率降低。雖然有將3色的發光元件收納於同一 封裝（package) ’使接近發光元件的部·分的反射鏡的傾斜角 度陡峭，並緩和各發光元件與反射鏡的距離與角度的差異 之提案（圖41，專利文獻2 )，但只能一部分得到均勻的混 色。很難使3色的發光元件在同一纣裝内充份地混色，基 於元件的電源電壓不同等的理由，以下的螢光白色發光二 極體（fluorescent white light emitting diode)常被使 用β 將藍色發光二極體的藍色光照射到黃色螢光體，利用 補色的螢光白色發光二極體的光譜是由尖銳的藍色與平緩 的黃色域的兩個峰值（peak)構成（專利文獻3)。為紅色域 非常少，綠色也具有大的谷值（val ley)之藍色強烈的光譜 4 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 /β/年7月’曰修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 特性。但是’因螢光白色發光二極體與3原色的混色比較 可簡單地製造，故當作行動電話等的液晶顯示裝置的背光 (back light)、LED燈泡等被利用。 由於半導體發光元件的發光效率的提高，比螢光燈小 型的發光二極體被應用於照明。因發光二極體其容許溫度 上升比其他的光源小’得到大的光束需要多數個晶粒（ch i p ) 而價格高，故被重視效率成為藍色強烈的光譜。以藍色發 光二極體激發（excite)發光效率函數（ph〇topic luminous efficiency function)最高的黃綠色附近的螢光體，將利 用補色的螢光白色光使用於一般照明的情形，紅色域或谷 底波段的被照射體與連續光譜的白色光比較變暗^有混合 紅色螢光體等的方法或將紀的一部分置換成釓並移動 (shift)到長波長側，一邊改善現色性（c〇lor rendering)，一邊提高效率之提案（專利文獻3)。 在來自白色光背光光源以.彩色渡光片（c〇l〇r filter) 分解成3色時’ 2/3的光量藉由彩色濾光片吸收，效率降 低。不使用彩色慮光片而是使用3原色發光元件並加法混 色（additive mixture)的方法有在導光板配設與像素數相 同個數的45°的溝’重疊3層在溝的界面全反射於液晶面 板方向的導光板之提案（圖42，專利文獻4)。 在複數個棒狀導光體的界面配設遮光層，遮蔽複數色 發光二極體的顏色區別的光並傳播於棒狀導光體内，不使 用彩色渡光片將3色光供給至液晶條紋的方法被提出（圖 43，專利文獻5 )。 099101215 1013255177-0 5 1375774 ~年7月τ日修(更)正替換頁 20丨2年7月5日修正 在液晶面板的3邊設置3色的光源，在導光板配設四 角錐成矩陣狀，並藉由四角錐的傾斜面照射到液晶面板的 規定的像素之液晶顯示裝置被提出（圖44，專利文獻6 )。 有使3原色的平行光傳播於配置凸反射面成梯田狀的 導光板並擴大光束於像素方向並反射，以反射/透射元件將 各色的反射光分配成條紋之提案（圖45，專利文獻7)。 因在頂角與谷角具有90。的角度的棱鏡（priSm)的底 面由兩方向入射兩色的光，入射到入射角小的側的傾斜面 的入射光將折射光混色並射出於同一方向，入射到入射角 大的側的傾斜面的入射光變成臨界角以上並全反射，故返 口到他方的光源。為了活用返回的光線，使用帶通鏡 (bandpass mi rror)由其他的光源側射出的構造被提出（圖 4 6，專利文獻8 )。 攝影用光源常被使用3波長冷陰極管（cold cathode tube)，惟因各色的營光材料為線光議（Hne spectrum)， 故波長特性的凹凸大’無法進行正確的色彩再現（color reproduction)。有因發光二極體-的發光強度（i.uminous intensity)成為尖峰（peak)的約半值的半值寬度（half value width)為20 nm〜60nm，故使用6色〜9色涵蓋可見光 域之提案（專利文獻7 )。 顯示有透過將7種類的發光元件排列於基板中央附 近，封入比焦平面（focal plane)淺的位置的透鏡（lens) 内，以焦平面的散射材層混色’以各色的半锋值波長 (half-peak wavelength)連接並形成白色光，以線光源轉 6 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 月：日修(更)正替換頁 2012 換元件轉換當作掃士—哭, ^ 伸描器（scanner)光源的應用。 〔專利文獻1〕日本國特開2005-353506號公報 〔專利文獻2〕日本國特開2〇〇4 87935號公報 〔專利文獻3〕日本國特許3246386號公報 〔專利文獻4〕日本國特開平6-59252號公報 〔專利文獻5〕日本國特開平2-1 1 1922號公報 〔專利文獻6〕日本國特開200 6-32322 1號公報 〔專利文獻7〕日本國特許4114173號公報 〔專利文獻8〕日本國特開2〇〇8_218154號公報 【發明内容】 因藉由將3色的發光元件配置於同一封裝， 件附近的反射鏡的傾斜角度陡峭等的構造混色的 1的提案為自各發光元件到反射鏡的距離與角度 產生依照晶粒的排列的色斑。因利用正反射進行 困難，故藉由圓錐内面的散射層使其後方散射， 散射距離等的混•色，故反射光返回到光源側，在 時被吸收，效率降低。 利用將藍色發光二極體的藍色光照射到黃色 補色的白色發光二極體具有尖銳的光譜的藍色光 黃色光的光譜，紅色域與青綠色域不足（專利文肩 著螢光體的配合比率增大，藍色光的尖峰降低， 峰增大’螢光不照到行進方向的螢光體而透過的 色光，若照到別的黃色榮光體，則因螢光體為有这 7 099101215 ·- . ·- 年7月5曰修正 使發光元 專利文獻 不同，故 的混色很 長長地取 多重反射 螢光體的 與平緩的 欠3)。隨 螢光的尖 話就呈黃 ^不透明， 10132S5177-0 • ·. 1375774 ___ 卜/年7月，日修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 對螢光波長螢光轉換率低’故被吸收。若補償吸收提高營 光體配合比率’則效率更降低》螢光白色發光二極體為使 效率優先’藍光光譜大的青白的光，平均現色評價數約 的現色性低的照明。 為了改善現色性，混合寬的波段的螢光體時需以依照 轉換效率（conversion efficiency)與發光效率函數的•營 光體的配合比率混合。因在發光效率函數、轉換效率低的 紅色等中，長波長螢光體的量增加，由長波長螢光體發出 的光在短波長螢光體中只被吸收不會被進行螢光轉換故 產生更增加螢光體的必要。黃色螢光照到黃色螢光體的機 率與紅色螢光照到紅色螢光體的機率也增大，效率降低。 因此，混合分散複數種的螢光體實現連續光譜的白色光有 效率降低的問題。 不使用彩色；慮光片而是使用3原色發光元件並加法混 色的方法，在導光板配設與像素數相同個數的45。的溝， 重疊3層在溝的界面全反射於液晶面板方向的導光板之專 利文獻4的&案因配设與次像素.（subp.ixe]_)數相同個數的 45°的傾斜角度，故需畫面寬的1/3的厚度，在畫面寬 300mm中母一層導光板需i〇〇mni厚，由於加工條紋數的溝 的工時（man-hours)而變的昂貴。 在複數個棒狀導光體的界面配設遮光層，遮蔽顏色區 別的光並傳播於棒狀導光體内，不使用彩色濾光片將3色 光供給至液晶條紋之專利文獻5的提案很難綑紮被遮光處 理的次像素寬的線狀導光構件而製造，若積層配設遮光層 8 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 /。/年7月J日修(更)正替換頁 2〇12年7月5日修正 的透光片’則片厚的公差累計，與液晶的像素尺寸不一致。 因擴散光傳播於以各遮光層隔開的透光材内，故金屬遮光 膜的情形為每次反射就被吸收而越遠越暗。 在導光板配設多數個由四角錐構成的反射體，將來自 3方向的3原色光反射於像素並混色之專利文獻6的提案 被跟前的四角錐遮蔽，僅得到倒V型的反射光，若照射斜 斜的平仃光到四角錐，則也照到側面，故成為散射光入射 到其他的像素而變的不鮮明。 藉由配置凸反射面成梯田狀的導光板與反射/透射元 件分配成條紋之專利文獻7的提案因使用構造不同的兩種 類的導光元件，故需正確的對準。 父通號諸燈（traffic light)的發光二極體因透鏡的 指向性（direct ivity)寬，會被浪費地放射到上空等消耗電 流多’可看到交又的道路側的信號，故有許多三又路等需 要遮光板的狀況。因有接受太陽光，非點亮的兩燈也變亮 的疑似點亮現象，故配設有遮蔽太陽光的遮光板。 因專利文獻8為以一方的傾斜折射面折射並朝底面的 錯直方向射出的構造’入射到成對的他方的折射面的光其 入射角為臨界角以上’故全反射並返回到他方的光源側。 藉由帶通鏡再反射全反射光並利用的話雖然可避免損失， 但是複雜且昂責。 若使薄長方形反射面正交於來自光源的平行光的行進 方向’使長邊與基準面相接’且使薄長方形反射面的短軸 方向交互具有±30。的傾斜角度並排列成三角波狀，則形成 9 *099101215 * .·' .1013255177-0. 1375774 /°泮？月r曰修(更)正替換頁 2〇丨2年7月5日修正 有二角波狀的反射光柵（reflection grating)4。顯示三角 波狀的反射光柵4與在對稱位置配設平行光光源於在薄長 方形反射面的短軸方向斜上方30。的方向的構造於圖1。 此處’長軸方向是表示沿著薄長方形反射面的長邊的方 向，短軸方向是表示沿著短邊的方向β 因各個平行光光源與三角波狀的反射光栅的成對的反 射面平行，故無法入射於配置於成對的平行光光源側的反 射面’來自距水平面30。上方的平行光光源雙方的平行光 著二角波狀反射鏡的光源方向反射面入射。若對向於反 射面的光源的平行光入射到反射面，則由雙方入射的光都 反射到鉛直上方。 若設三角波狀的反射光柵與水平面所成的傾斜角度及 傾斜光的傾斜角度為α ’傾斜面的法線與錄直方向所構成 的角度為冷，則如公式1，傾斜角度α、点為30。。 [公式1 ] 2α + 0 = α + 2 )3 = 9 0° α~β = 3 0° 來自左右平行光光源的反射光都成為依照光源側的反 射面的梳子形’來自左右的平行光為交互排列成梳子形的 反射光。若作成無法以肉眼辨識光柵間距（pitch)的尺寸的 條紋並使左右的平行光光源成別色的兩色，則被進行併設 加法混色。 為了使射出光成擴散光或收斂光，可並用透鏡、反射 鏡等並控制放射角（radiation angle)，惟即使不根據透鏡 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 /V年7月丫曰修(更)正替換頁 2〇丨2年7月5日修正 也能藉由將光柵反射面製作成曲面而控制放射角。顯示以 凸反射面5形成反射光柵並擴大光束的狀態的側視圖於圖 2。右成對的曲面的放射角方向不相等，則因看的方向而成 一方的成分而產生色斑。在圖2中，光栅的谷部中的 左側光源光的反射光與光柵的頂部中的右側光源光的反射 光成平行’光柵的頂部中的左側光源光的反射光與光柵的 谷部中的右側光源光的反射光也成平行。即使是擴散光也 透過在該範圍内左右的光成對平行地射出而被均等混合。 如圖3所示，光栅反射面為自凸面的頂部中的切線的斜率 α漸増到谷部中的切線的斜率万並彎曲，使入射光的斜率 α與頂部斜率“一致而入射。 顯示為了決定與鉛直方向所夾的放射角7的入射光的 斜率α、頂部斜率α、谷部斜率冷的關係於公式2與圖3» [公式2 ] a = 3〇° -y/z 0 = 45° -α/2 + ν/2 在放射角7=6°中，α=28。 > β =34° ，在放射角7 = 30°中，α=2〇° ，汐=50。。照明裝置除了該放射角7外 也需加上由發光元件尺寸產生的誤差角度0。 若在拋物面鏡6的焦點設置發光元件1，則可得到平 行光’但因發光二極體的晶粒尺寸為各邊約250〆m，故由 於配设於抛物面鏡的焦點的發光元件的尺寸，由中心部與 周邊部發出的光產生光程差’具有距圖4所示的平行光的 誤差。距由外周部發出的平行光的誤差角度0是藉由發光 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 __ /〇/年7月^日修(更)正替換頁 20丨2年7月5日修正 元件的中心到外周部的長度r、拋物面鏡的座標Π)(Χ, y)、 焦距p以公式3表示，為了減小誤差角度0需加大焦距β [公式3 ] Θ — tan 1 {(p —xj/iy—r)}—tan"1 {(p —x) /y\ 顯示為了使用三角波狀的反射光柵混合3色，在傾斜 反射面的底部設有透光性的開口部的構造於圖5。為了不 使傾斜光照到開口部，需藉由公式4使反射面的傾斜角度 0 s 成為 35. 3。。 [公式4 ] tan6r=tan (π//2-2·θδ) =c 〇 t (2 · Θ s) =_c ° t 2 0 s~ 1 2 c o t Θ s =t a η βΒ/2 ·'· t a n3 0S= 1/2 0S= t a n_i (1//2) = 3 5.2 6。 0r=tan-i (l/2,2) =19.4 7。 因入射光的傾斜角度0r有19.5。，故轉換成平行光 的光源部的厚度方向的尺寸變大，適合前方的光源部的尺 寸不會影響的投影機（projector)等。 與藉由來自左右平行光光源的反射光交互排列成梳子 形的反射光進行併設加法混色者一樣，若藉由傾斜角度為 30 的二角錐反射面將3方向的平行光反射到鉛直方向， 貝】會以正二角形配置的三角排列（delta arrange)混合並 射出°照射到三角錐反射面的光源如圖6所示由於是配置 於3方向’朝基準面向下3 0。照射的配置，故各反射面無 來自對向的光源以外的入射，為不會被跟前的三角錐遮蔽 099101215 1013255177-0 12 1375774 匕’年^日修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 的構造。由於是與三角波狀的反射光柵同一的傾斜面，在 基準面鉛直方向以3色的混色光當作平行光射出，故可當 作3原色顯示裝置的光源等利用。若以凸型與凹型構成三 角錐，則上下的二角形連結，朝3方向的傾斜面的形狀如 圖2所示為組合菱形者。圖6是以虛線表示三角錐的基準 面以〇表示凸型二角錐的頂部’以#表示凹型三角錐的 谷部》 二角波狀的反射光柵也能以折射面構成，顯示藉由由兩 個方向入射並構成三角波狀的面折射，以平行光射出的狀 態於圖7。設折射光柵（refractive grating)構成物質的 折射率為n2,周圍介質（medium)的折射率為nl，由右側光 源以入射角α入射到折射光柵的右側傾斜面的光藉由公式 5(1)的司乃耳定律（Snell ’ s law)以折射角万折射。因平 行地入射到三角波狀的折射光柵的傾斜面角度對中心線以 7成對的折射面’右侧光源光只入射到右侧傾斜面，因傾 斜面與入射光對稱’故左側光源光也一樣。藉由如公式5 ( 2 ) 所不以召與的差設定三角波狀的折射光柵的傾斜面角度 7 ’雙方的折射光平行地射出到中心線。因若以角度5由 左右對稱地入射到折射光栅的水平面，則以角度α入射到 折射面，故會混色並以平行光射出。 [公式5 ] n2 s i η α = η j s i η ^ (1) V = /3-a . (2) n2s inv=nis ΐηδ (3) 顯不代表的透光尚分子的聚曱基丙稀酸曱g旨 〇.扣 101215 1013255177-0 1375774 ____^ ~年7月T曰修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 (polymethylmethacrylate:PMMA)與 聚碳酸 g旨 (polycarbonate:PC)中的 的例子。 [表1] η a β r 一 δ — 聚曱基丙烯酸甲酯 1. 49 36.8。 63. 4° 2 6.6° ^ 聚碳酸酯 1.59 33.7。 61.9° 28.^ ~Ts~T°~ 若以三角錐構成折射光柵並使射出方向一致，則如圖 8所示可將來自3方向的光混色。三角錐的3個傾斜面角 度都是對中心線為7 ’來自3方向的平行光與底面構成的 入射角為（5。因藉由底面折射的光僅入射到行進方向的一 面並平行於其他的兩面，故不入射。圖8為在來自配置於 右側的光源A的平行光A藉由底面折射後，以入射角“入 射到三角錐的左側的折射面並折射後射出於鉛直方向在 來自配置於左邊裏面的光源Β的平行光Β藉由底面折射 後，藉由三角錐的右側的折射面折射後射出於鉛直方向， 在來自配置於左手前側的光源（；的平行Μ藉由底面折射 後，藉由三角錐的襄面側的折射面折射後射出於鉛直方 向。襄面側的折射面在圖8申成陰影。 此處定義基準面為平行於圖9中的三角形的虛線的平 面’基準面在圖8中相當於三角錐的底面。若在基準面上 排列複數個二角錐於同一方向，則如圓9的俯視圓所示， 三角錐與三角錐的接鄰會形成菱形，定義菱形中的一方的 對角線為水平方向對角線，該一方的對角線，亦即菱形中 的水平方向對角線相當於圖8中的三角錐的底面。藉由三 14 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 角錐折射面將3 向’惟在基準面上 的三角形的空間。 法使折射光射出於 凹陷的凹型三角錐 成的話，則上下的 9所示為組合菱形 折射面或菱形反射 準面上的對角線上 形成由基準面朝上 位於對角線下側的 由基準面朝下凹陷 折射面的一方的對 面的入射角與折射 面的法線構成的傾 構成三角錐的折射 率側。來自3方向 向於光源的側的折 使其與射出方向一 圖9是以虛線 錐的頂部，以φ表 菱形，惟由於是組 擬稱為三角錐的折 錐構成，則可不浪 合凸型三角錐與凹 射光柵1 5。若以凸 費地將平行光照射 年7翁日修(更 2〇丨2年7月5曰修正 5·向的平行光折射混合並射出於鉛直方 會產生朝與Θ述二角錐的方向相反方向 即使在該空間上配設凸的三角錐，也無 鉛直方向，在該空間配設由基準面朝下 ，若以前述凸型三角錐與凹型三角錐構 三角形連結，傾斜的折射面的形狀如圖 者°此處’ ® 9中的影線部分構成菱形 面。亦即為如下的構造：若藉由將位於基 側的菱形折射面的接鄰的邊接觸排列， 大出的凸型的三角錐的折射光栅15,將 菱形折射面的接鄰的邊接觸排列，形成 的凹型的三角錐的折射光柵15,則菱形 角線與基準面一致。更進—步以朝折射 角的差分的备许^ 丹度°又疋曼形折射面與基準 斜角度’以折射率比周圍介質大的物質 光柵15 ϋ由咼折射率側射出到低折射 的平仃光光源的平行光各自僅入射到對 射面，並折射於基準面的鉛直上方，可 致而混合。 表不二角錐的底面，以〇表示凸型三角 示凹型三角錐的谷部。㈣面的形狀為 型三角錐的構造，故 型三角錐與凹型三角 到對向於平行光的菱 .099101215 1013255177-0' 1375774 /。/年?月i eh缺)正替換頁 照射到三角錐折射面的光源如圖8所示由於是配置於 3方向，朝基準面以仰角以上述，的角度照射的配置故 為各折射面無來自對向的光源以外的入射，不會被跟前的 三角錐遮蔽的構造。因在基準面的垂直方向以3色的混色 光當作平行光射出，故可利用於3原色顯示裝置的光源f等。 入射到折射光柵的光為平行光的情形需為了在顯示裝 置的背面配設複數個平行光光源的A的空間，針對在側^ 導光板的射出面側形成前述三角錐的折射光柵15並薄型 化的構造說明。若在導光板的射出面侧形成三角錐的折射 光柵15,在導光板的底面形成凸反射面將由導光板側 面對底面傾斜的平行光人射到凸反射自5，則會反射並擴 大光束照射到三角錐的折射光柵丨5。顯示平行光藉由凸反 射面擴大光束並反射，藉由三角錐的折射光柵15折射並擴 大成被照射面中的次像素27的透射部的寬度w的樣子於圖 10。由沿著凸反射面的圓周的曲面長度4擴大成次像素寬 W為光柬擴大率《到被照射面的距離t為導光板厚與液晶 夾持基板厚的和，若設次像素的透射部的寬度為w，沿著 導光板凸面傾斜部的圓周的曲面長度為d，則凸反射面的 曲率半徑r以公式6表示。 [公式6 ] r = 2 . t · d/ (W_d/，2) 對入射光的底面的傾斜角度0i是由段差3與像素寬χ 以公式7求出。 099101215 1013255177-01375774 / July of the next year, 彳日修 (more) replacement page, July 5, 2012 correction light-guide plate which has trigonal pyramid refract ion grating 4 in radiation surface and convex mirror 5 in base surface, three colors of parallel light Expand flux of light by convex mirror, and reflect to trigonal pyramid refract ion grating, and irradiate to the pixel which is consist of of lozenge-shaped sub-pixel. IV. Designated representative circle: (1) The representative representative of the case is: 20) Figure. (2) Brief description of the symbol of the representative figure: 5A, 5C: convex reflecting surface 1 5 A: refractive surface 24: light guide plate 27A, 27C: sub-pixel 28: liquid crystal holding substrate 48: polarizing plate 5. If there is In the chemical formula, please disclose the chemical formula which best shows the characteristics of the invention: 6. Description of the Invention: Technical Field The present invention relates to controlling the emission direction of light from a light-emitting element by forming a lattice-shaped reflective element or a refractive element. Lighting apparatus and display device for improving color mixing characteristics (display 3 099Γ01215 10132:55177-0 1375774 /. / July July J. Japanese repair (more) i replacement page July 5, 2012 revised apparatus) ° [Prior Art] A semiconductor light emitting element is widely used in various display devices, illumination devices, and the like because of its excellent characteristics such as small size, high efficiency, long life, low voltage operation, and high speed response. Even if the liquid crystal display device has a discontinuous spectrum generated by three primary color light-emitting elements of red, green, and blue, the three primary colors of the three-color light-emitting elements can be utilized because the intermediate color is displayed by the three-color control signal. Light. The proposal of disposing three color light-emitting elements on the inner surface of the cone and elongating the color mixing distance of the back scattering (Fig. 40, Patent Document 1) increases the absorption accompanying the multiple reflection and lowers the efficiency. In the case where the three-color light-emitting elements are housed in the same package, the angle of inclination of the mirrors close to the light-emitting elements is steep, and the difference in distance and angle between the light-emitting elements and the mirrors is relaxed. 41, Patent Document 2), but only a part of them can be uniformly mixed. It is difficult to fully mix the three color light-emitting elements in the same package. The following fluorescent white light emitting diodes are often used for the reason of the difference in the power supply voltage of the elements. The blue light of the color light-emitting diode is irradiated to the yellow phosphor, and the spectrum of the fluorescent white light-emitting diode using the complementary color is composed of two peaks of a sharp blue color and a gentle yellow field (Patent Document 3) ). Very few red fields, green also has a large valley (valley) of blue intense spectrum 4 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 /β/year July '曰修(more) replacement page July 5, 2012 Correct the feature. However, since the fluorescent white light-emitting diode can be easily manufactured in comparison with the color mixing of the three primary colors, it is used as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device such as a mobile phone or the like, and an LED light bulb or the like. Due to the improvement in the luminous efficiency of the semiconductor light-emitting element, a light-emitting diode smaller than the fluorescent lamp is applied to illumination. Since the allowable temperature rise of the light-emitting diode is smaller than that of other light sources, it takes a large number of crystal grains (ch i p ) to obtain a large light beam, and the price is high. Therefore, the efficiency is considered to be a strong blue spectrum. The phosphor near the yellow-green color with the highest excite luminescence efficiency function (ph〇topic luminous efficiency function) uses the complementary white fluorescent white light for general illumination, the red domain or The irradiated body in the trough band is darker than the white light of the continuous spectrum. There is a method of mixing a red phosphor or the like, or a part of the episode is replaced with 釓 and shifted to the long wavelength side, and the color rendering property is improved (c). 〇lor rendering), a proposal to improve efficiency (Patent Document 3). When the white light backlight source is decomposed into three colors by a color filter (c〇l〇r filter), the amount of light of 2/3 is absorbed by the color filter, and the efficiency is lowered. The method of using the three primary color light-emitting elements and adding the additive mixture without using the color light-receiving sheet is to arrange the light-shielding plate with the same number of pixels as the number of pixels, and to overlap the three layers at the interface of the groove. A proposal for a light guide plate in the direction of the liquid crystal panel (Fig. 42, Patent Document 4). A light shielding layer is disposed at an interface of the plurality of rod-shaped light guides to shield the light of the color difference of the plurality of light-emitting diodes and propagate in the rod-shaped light guide body, and the three color lights are supplied to the liquid crystal strips without using the color light-emitting sheet The method was proposed (Fig. 43, Patent Document 5). 099101215 1013255177-0 5 1375774 ~ July τ 日修 (more) replacement page 20 丨 2 years July 5 correction Three colors of light source are provided on the three sides of the liquid crystal panel, and the four corner pyramids are arranged in a matrix on the light guide plate A liquid crystal display device which irradiates a predetermined pixel of the liquid crystal panel by the inclined surface of the quadrangular pyramid is proposed (FIG. 44, Patent Document 6). There is a proposal that the parallel light of the three primary colors is propagated to the light guide plate in which the convex reflection surface is arranged in a terrace shape, and the light beam is expanded in the pixel direction and reflected, and the reflected light of the respective colors is distributed into stripes by the reflection/transmission element (FIG. 45, Patent Document 7) ). Because there are 90 in the apex angle and the valley angle. The bottom surface of the prism (priSm) is incident on both sides of the light by two directions, and the incident light incident on the inclined surface on the side where the incident angle is small mixes the refracted light and emits the same direction, and is incident on the side of the side having a large incident angle. The incident light of the surface becomes above the critical angle and is totally reflected, so it returns to the other light source. In order to utilize the returned light, a structure in which a bandpass mi rror is emitted from the other light source side is proposed (Fig. 4, Patent Document 8). A three-wavelength cold cathode tube is often used for the light source for photography. However, since the camping materials of the respective colors are Hne spectrum, the unevenness of the wavelength characteristics is large, and the correct color reproduction cannot be performed. . The half value of the i.uminous intensity of the light-emitting diode becomes a half value of the peak value of 20 nm to 60 nm, so that the visible light region is covered by using 6 colors to 9 colors. Proposal (Patent Document 7). It is shown that a light-emitting element of seven types is arranged in the vicinity of the center of the substrate, and is enclosed in a lens which is shallower than a focal plane, and the color of the scattering material layer on the focal plane is mixed with a half-value wavelength of each color ( Half-peak wavelength) Connect and form white light, turn to line light source 6 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 Month: Daily repair (more) replacement page 2012 Change component conversion as a sweeper - cry, ^ scanner light source Applications. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. In the case of arranging the light-emitting elements of the three colors in the same package, the one of the structures of the mirrors in the vicinity of the device has a steep tilt angle, etc. The distance and angle of the illuminating element to the mirror produce a color patch in accordance with the arrangement of the grains. Since it is difficult to use regular reflection, the scattering layer on the inner surface of the cone scatters back, and the color is mixed, so that the reflected light returns to the light source side and is absorbed at the time, and the efficiency is lowered. A blue light-emitting diode with a blue light-emitting diode that illuminates the blue light-emitting diode with a yellow complementary color has a sharp spectrum of blue light and yellow light. The red and blue-green domains are insufficient. When the ratio is increased, the peak of the blue light is lowered, and the peak is increased. The color light transmitted by the fluorescent light that does not shine in the traveling direction, if it is irradiated to another yellow glory, the fluorescent body has the 7 099101215. - . . . - July 5 曰 correction makes the illuminating element patent documents different, so the color mixing is very long to take the multiple reflection of the fluorescent body and the gentle owing 3). With the scream of the fluorescent light, it is yellow ^ opaque, 10132S5177-0 • ·. 1375774 ___ Bu / July, the Japanese repair (more) is replacing the page July 5, 2012 corrected the fluorescence conversion rate of the fluorescent wavelength is low 'So it was absorbed. If the compensation absorption increases the luminous body blending ratio, the efficiency is further lowered. The fluorescent white light-emitting diode is a light-lighting illumination with a light-white spectrum of light having a large average blue color spectrum. In order to improve the color rendering property, a wide band of phosphors is mixed in a compounding ratio according to a conversion efficiency and a luminous efficiency function. In the red light or the like in which the luminous efficiency function and the conversion efficiency are low, the amount of the long-wavelength phosphor increases, and the light emitted from the long-wavelength phosphor is absorbed only in the short-wavelength phosphor, and the fluorescence conversion is not performed. Produce the need to add more phosphors. The chances of the yellow fluorescing light reaching the yellow phosphor and the red fluorescing light reaching the red phosphor are also increased, and the efficiency is lowered. Therefore, mixing and dispersing a plurality of kinds of phosphors achieves a problem that the white light efficiency of the continuous spectrum is lowered. Instead of using color, the light-receiving sheet is formed by using three primary color light-emitting elements and adding color mixing, and the light guide plate is provided with the same number of pixels as 45. The groove of the patent document 4 which overlaps the three layers of the light guide plate which is totally reflected in the direction of the liquid crystal panel at the interface of the groove is disposed at the same angle as the sub-pixel (subp.ixe]_) by 45°. The angle is required to be 1/3 of the width of the screen. In the case of a screen width of 300 mm, the mother-layer light guide plate needs to be i〇〇mni thick, which becomes expensive due to the man-hours of the groove in which the number of stripes is processed. The proposal of arranging a light-shielding layer at the interface of a plurality of rod-shaped light guides to shield the light of the color difference and propagating in the rod-shaped light guide body, and supplying the three-color light to the liquid crystal strip without using the color filter is very popular. It is difficult to bundle a light-shielding member having a sub-pixel width which is light-shielded, and a light-shielding layer 8 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 / is laminated. In July, J. Repair (more) is replacing the page. The light-transmissive sheet corrected on July 5, 12, is the tolerance of the sheet thickness, which is inconsistent with the pixel size of the liquid crystal. Since the diffused light propagates into the light-transmitting material separated by the respective light-shielding layers, the case of the metal light-shielding film is absorbed more and darker each time the reflection is made. In the light guide plate, a plurality of reflectors each having a quadrangular pyramid are disposed, and the three primary colors of light from the three directions are reflected on the pixels and the color mixture is mixed. The proposal of the patent document 6 is shielded by the square pyramid, and only the inverted V-shaped reflected light is obtained. When the oblique flat light is irradiated to the quadrangular pyramid, the side surface is also illuminated, so that the scattered light is incident on other pixels and becomes unclear. Patent Document 7 in which a light-conducting plate having a convex reflecting surface and a reflecting/transmissive element are arranged in a stripe shape is proposed to use two types of light guiding elements having different structures, so that proper alignment is required. The light-emitting diodes of the traffic light of the parent light are scattered to the sky, and the signals that consume more current, such as the road side, can be seen because of the wide directivity of the lens. Many three-way roads require a visor. Because of the acceptance of the sun, the two lights that are not lit are also lit up, so there is a visor that shields the sun. Patent Document 8 is a structure in which one of the oblique refracting surfaces is refracted and is emitted toward the bottom surface in the direction of the bottom surface. The incident light incident on the pair of other refracting surfaces has an incident angle equal to or greater than a critical angle, so that total reflection is returned to the other side. Light source side. By using a band-pass mirror to reflect the total reflected light and using it, the loss can be avoided, but it is complicated and blameless. If the thin rectangular reflecting surface is orthogonal to the traveling direction of the parallel light from the light source, the long side is brought into contact with the reference surface, and the short-axis direction of the thin rectangular reflecting surface is made to have ±30. The angle of inclination is arranged in a triangular wave shape to form 9 *099101215 * .·' .1013255177-0. 1375774 /°泮? The month r曰 repair (more) is the replacement page. The correction is made on July 5, 2nd. There is a two-angle reflection grating (reflection grating). The triangular-shaped reflection grating 4 is disposed with a parallel light source disposed at a symmetrical position obliquely upward 30 in the short-axis direction of the thin rectangular reflection surface. The direction of the structure is shown in Figure 1. Here, the 'long axis direction is the direction along the long side of the thin rectangular reflecting surface, and the short axis direction is the direction β along the short side because the parallel light source and the triangular wave-shaped reflecting grating are parallel to each other. Therefore, it is impossible to enter the reflecting surface 'disposed on the side of the pair of parallel light sources from the horizontal plane 30. The parallel light sources on the upper side of the parallel light are incident on the light source direction reflecting surface of the dichroic mirror. When the parallel light of the light source directed to the reflecting surface is incident on the reflecting surface, the light incident from both sides is reflected to the vertical direction. If the angle of inclination of the triangular wave-shaped reflection grating and the horizontal plane and the inclination angle of the oblique light are α 'the angle formed by the normal line of the inclined surface and the straightening direction is cold, then as shown in Equation 1, the inclination angle α and the point are 30. . [Formula 1] 2α + 0 = α + 2 ) 3 = 9 0° α~β = 3 0° The reflected light from the left and right parallel light sources becomes a comb shape according to the reflection surface on the light source side. The reflected light is alternately arranged in a comb shape. If the stripes of the size of the grating pitch cannot be visually recognized and the left and right parallel light sources are colored in two colors, additive color mixing is performed. In order to make the emitted light into diffused light or convergent light, a lens, a mirror, or the like may be used in combination to control the radiation angle, but even if the lens is not replaced according to the lens 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 /V The correction can also be controlled by making the grating reflection surface into a curved surface by the correction on July 5, 2002. A side view showing a state in which the reflection grating is formed by the convex reflection surface 5 and the light beam is enlarged is shown in Fig. 2. When the radiation angle directions of the right paired surfaces are not equal, a stain is generated due to the fact that the direction of the pair is formed. In FIG. 2, the reflected light of the left side source light in the valley portion of the grating is parallel to the reflected light of the right side source light in the top of the grating. The reflected light of the left side source light in the top of the grating is in the valley of the grating. The reflected light from the right source light is also parallel. Even if the diffused light is emitted in parallel through the light in the range, the light is uniformly mixed. As shown in Fig. 3, the grating reflection surface is such that the slope of the tangent line from the top of the convex surface gradually increases to the slope of the tangent in the valley portion and bends, so that the slope α of the incident light coincides with the slope of the top and is incident. The slope α of the incident light with the radiation angle 7 sandwiched in the vertical direction, the slope of the top slope α, and the slope of the valley are cold. The relationship between Equation 2 and Figure 3» [Formula 2] a = 3〇° -y/z 0 = 45° -α/2 + ν/2 In the radiation angle 7=6°, α=28. > β = 34°, in the radiation angle 7 = 30°, α = 2 〇 °, 汐 = 50. In addition to the radiation angle 7, an error angle of 0 caused by the size of the light-emitting element is added. If the light-emitting element 1 is provided at the focus of the parabolic mirror 6, parallel light can be obtained, but the grain size of the light-emitting diode is Since the side is about 250 μm, the optical path difference generated by the light emitted from the central portion and the peripheral portion has an error of parallel light as shown in Fig. 4 due to the size of the light-emitting element disposed at the focus of the parabolic mirror. The error angle 0 of the parallel light emitted by the part is by illuminating 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 __ / 〇 / year July ^ day repair (more) Page 丨2 July 5th, the length r of the center of the correction element, the coordinate of the parabolic mirror Π) (Χ, y), the focal length p is expressed by the formula 3, in order to reduce the error angle 0, the focal length β needs to be increased. [Formula 3] Θ — tan 1 {(p —xj/iy—r)}—tan"1 {(p —x) /y\ is shown in order to mix 3 colors with a triangular wave-shaped reflection grating at the bottom of the inclined reflection surface The structure in which the light-transmissive opening portion is provided is shown in Fig. 5. In order to prevent the oblique light from being irradiated to the opening portion, the inclination angle 0 s of the reflecting surface is set to 35.3 by the formula 4. [Formula 4] tan6r=tan ( π//2-2·θδ) =c 〇t (2 · Θ s) =_c ° t 2 0 s~ 1 2 cot Θ s =ta η βΒ/2 ·'· ta n3 0S= 1/2 0S= Ta n_i (1//2) = 3 5.2 6. 0r=tan-i (l/2,2) =19.4 7. Since the inclination angle 0r of the incident light is 19.5, the thickness of the light source portion converted into parallel light is obtained. The size of the direction is increased, and it is suitable for a projector or the like that does not affect the size of the light source unit in front, and the like, and the reflected light of the comb shape is alternately arranged by the reflected light from the right and left parallel light sources, and the additive color mixing is performed. If by tilting angle The two-cone reflecting surface of 30 reflects the parallel light in the three directions to the vertical direction, and the light source is mixed and emitted by the delta arrangement of the regular dihedron. The light source that illuminates the reflecting surface of the triangular pyramid is as shown in FIG. Configured in the 3 direction 'down to the base face 3 0. In the arrangement of the illumination, the reflection surface is not incident from the opposite source, and is not covered by the triangular cone. 099101215 1013255177-0 12 1375774 匕 'year ^ day repair (more) replacement page July 5, 2012 The construction of the day correction. Since it is an inclined surface which is the same as the triangular wave-shaped reflection grating, and the mixed color light of three colors is emitted as parallel light in the vertical direction of the reference surface, it can be used as a light source of the three primary color display devices. When the triangular pyramid is formed by the convex shape and the concave shape, the upper and lower hexagonal shapes are connected, and the shape of the inclined surface in the three directions is as shown in Fig. 2 as a combination diamond. Fig. 6 is a broken line showing the reference surface of the triangular pyramid, and 〇 is the top of the convex double pyramid. The valley of the concave triangular pyramid is represented by #. The two-wave shaped reflection grating can also be formed by a refractive surface, and the display is composed of two The state in which the directions are incident and constitutes a triangular wave-like surface refraction, and the state in which the parallel light is emitted is shown in FIG. Let the refractive index of the refractive grating be n2, the refractive index of the surrounding medium be nl, and the light incident on the right inclined surface of the refractive grating by the right side light source at the incident angle α by the formula 5(1) Snell's law refracts at the angle of refraction. The angle of the inclined surface of the refractive grating incident in parallel to the triangular wave is 7 pairs of refractive surfaces to the center line. The right side light source is incident only on the right inclined surface, because the inclined surface is symmetric with the incident light, so the left side light source also same. The refracted light of both the inclined surface angles 7' of the triangular wave-shaped refractive grating is set to be parallel to the center line by the difference of the sum of the expressions of the equation 5 (2). If the angle 5 is incident on the horizontal plane of the refractive grating symmetrically from the left and right, the angle α is incident on the refractive surface, so that the color is mixed and emitted as parallel light. [Formula 5] n2 si η α = η jsi η ^ (1) V = /3-a . (2) n2s inv=nis ΐηδ (3) 透光 尚 的 尚 尚 尚 尚 尚 尚g 〇 〇 101 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 example. [Table 1] η a β r - δ - polymethyl methacrylate 1. 49 36.8. 63. 4° 2 6.6° ^ Polycarbonate 1.59 33.7. 61.9° 28.^ ~Ts~T°~ If the refractive grating is formed by a triangular pyramid and the emission directions are the same, the light from the three directions can be mixed as shown in FIG. The angles of the three inclined faces of the triangular cone are 7' to the center line. The incident angle of the parallel light from the three directions and the bottom surface is (5. Since the light refracted by the bottom surface is incident only on one side of the traveling direction and parallel to the other The two sides are not incident. Fig. 8 shows that the parallel light A from the light source A disposed on the right side is refracted by the bottom surface, and is incident on the refracting surface of the left side of the triangular cone at the incident angle and is refracted and then shot in the vertical direction. The parallel pupil of the light source 配置 disposed in the left side is refracted by the bottom surface, and is refracted by the refractive surface on the right side of the triangular pyramid to be emitted in a vertical direction, and is refracted by the bottom surface of the light source disposed on the front side of the left hand. After that, it is refracted by the refractive surface of the facet side of the triangular cone and is incident in the vertical direction. The refractive surface of the facet side is shaded in Fig. 8. Here, the reference plane is defined as a plane parallel to the dotted line of the triangle in Fig. 9. 'The reference plane corresponds to the bottom surface of the triangular cone in Fig. 8. If a plurality of double pyramids are arranged in the same direction on the reference plane, as shown by the circular circle of the circle 9, the adjacent triangle and the triangular cone will form. The diagonal line of one of the defined diamonds is a horizontal diagonal, and the diagonal of the one side, that is, the horizontal diagonal of the diamond corresponds to the bottom surface of the triangular cone in Fig. 8. By three 14 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 The pyramidal refractive surface will be in the direction of the triangle of the triangle on the reference plane. If the refracted light is incident on the concave concave triangular pyramid, then the upper and lower 9 are combined diamond-shaped refractive surfaces or diamond reflections. On the diagonal line on the quasi-surface, the incident angle of the opposite side of the reference surface facing downward concave concave surface and the normal of the refractive surface are formed on the diagonal side of the diagonal surface to form a refractive index of the triangular pyramid. The side is folded from the direction of the light source to the direction of the light source. Figure 9 is the top of the dotted cone, and the diamond is in the shape of φ. However, since it is composed of a set of folded cones, which are called triangle cones, it is possible to avoid the convexity. Type triangular cone and concave grating 15. If the parallel light is irradiated with the convex light, the 7-year-old repair (more 2, 2 years, July 5, 5), the parallel light is refracted and mixed and shot straight. Produce a dynasty In the opposite direction of the direction, even if a convex triangular pyramid is disposed in the space, there is no vertical direction, and the space is disposed downward from the reference surface, and if the convex triangular pyramid is connected to the concave triangular pyramidal triangle, the oblique refraction is performed. The shape of the face is shown in Fig.. Here, the hatched portion in ''9' constitutes a rhombic face. That is, the structure is as follows: if the adjacent sides of the rhombic refractive surface located on the base side are arranged in contact, the out The convex triangular pyramidal refractive grating 15 is arranged in contact with the adjacent sides of the rhombic refractive surface, and the concave triangular pyramidal refractive grating 15 is formed, and the rhombic angle line coincides with the reference plane. The difference of the difference ^ Dan degree ° and the 疋-shaped refractive surface and the reference oblique angle 'the material grating 15 with a refractive index larger than the surrounding medium ϋ the parallel light from the refractive index side to the low-refraction flat-light source It is incident only on the opposite surface and is refracted vertically above the reference surface. The bottom surface of the cube is not shown, and the valley of the convex triangular pyramid is indicated by 〇. (4) The shape of the surface is the structure of the triangular shape cone, so the triangular cone and the concave triangle are opposite to the parallel light. 099101215 1013255177-0' 1375774 /. The light source that is irradiated to the triangular cone refracting surface by the replacement page is arranged in the three directions as shown in Fig. 8 and is irradiated at an angle of the above at an elevation angle toward the reference surface. The incidence from the incident other than the opposite light source is not blocked by the front triangular pyramid. Since the mixed color light of three colors is emitted as parallel light in the vertical direction of the reference surface, it can be used for the light source f of the three primary color display devices. In the case where the light incident on the refracting grating is parallel light, it is necessary to form a space of A of a plurality of parallel light sources on the back surface of the display device, and the refractive grating 15 of the triangular pyramid is formed on the side of the exit surface of the side light guide plate and is thin. Description of the structure. If a triangular pyramidal refractive grating 15 is formed on the exit surface side of the light guide plate, a convex reflection surface is formed on the bottom surface of the light guide plate, and a parallel light beam inclined from the side surface of the light guide plate to the bottom surface is incident on the convex reflection from 5, and the beam is reflected and enlarged. Refraction grating 丨5 to the triangular cone. The parallel light is enlarged by the convex reflecting surface and reflected, and is refracted by the refractive grating 15 of the triangular pyramid and expanded to the width w of the transmitting portion of the sub-pixel 27 in the illuminated surface as shown in Fig. 10. The length of the curved surface 4 along the circumference of the convex reflecting surface is expanded to the sub-pixel width W as the light enlargement ratio. The distance t to the illuminated surface is the sum of the thickness of the light guide plate and the thickness of the liquid crystal sandwiched substrate, and the transmission of the sub-pixel is set. The width of the portion is w, and the length of the curved surface along the circumference of the inclined portion of the convex surface of the light guide plate is d, and the radius of curvature r of the convex reflecting surface is expressed by Formula 6. [Equation 6] r = 2 . t · d / (W_d/, 2) The inclination angle 0i to the bottom surface of the incident light is obtained by the step 3 and the pixel width χ by Equation 7. 099101215 1013255177-0
1375774 2012 [公式7 ] 0i = t a n_1 (s/X) 若由3方向將3色的入射光入射到凸反射面 擴大光束並反射，被照射到三角錐的折射先柵15 射面，並被照射到次像素。因藉由菱形折射面折 於略鉛直方向，故正交於菱形折射面的基準面的 長度與三角錐的折射光柵15的上方的次像素寬 組合菱形的次像素形狀’故像素的形狀為6角形 段差為像素寬為400；tini時，θι成為 因可平緩成圖5中的19.5°的1/13,故光源、吾 可能。藉由薄型化使導光板為可能，可利用由凸 行的全反射，故無須鏡面形成。顯示每一像素寬 於兩方向的光源的凸反射面的構造於圖因擴 分’故0 i比1.43°還大而被顯示。圖12是以兩 構成，各導光板都以對向於兩方向的光源的凸 成。藉由使別色光透射於凸反射面間距間的水平 色以上的混色為可能，圖12是顯示藉由錯開配置 導光板，混合4色的狀態》以在導光板射出面配 面並恢復成平行光的情形顯示》 圖1 3是顯示供給3色至液晶顯示裝置的次像 的狀態之圖。在圖丨2與圖i 3中雖然是使用兩片 惟若統合該等要素，則如圖1 4所示能以一片導光 色條紋。由於是一片構成的導光板，故無須像素 可提高生產性，可減去一半材料費。擴大圖14的 099101215 年7月5曰修正 ，則各自 的菱形折 射並射出 對角線的 『同等。因 〇 1.43。’ 薄型化為 反射面進 配設對向 大主要部 片導光板 反射面構 面，使3 同一形狀 設凸折射 素並混色 導光板， *板實現3 的對準， 主要部分 101325.5177-0 1375774 A>/年？月：曰修(更)正替換頁 20丨2年7月5日修正 於圖1 5而說明。 入射到以3個次像素構成像素的第一個次像素27A的 細線的光越過右端的凸反射面5的上端並入射到中央的凸 反射面5A藉由凸反射面全反射，擴大光束並照射到次像 素寬。虛線的光入射到左側的凸反射面並擴大光束入射到 第二個次像素，第3色的光由導光板的下部入射。突出於 導光板的下部的入射部構成垂直於入射光線的面，將突起 部的後面作成凸反射面5C，擴大光束並照射到第3個像 素。若形成對稱於5C面的反射面，則4色顯示也可能。 為了使擴大光束的擴散光不入射到構成三角錐的其他 的兩面’需平行於其他的兩面或成為其他的兩面的陰影而 不入射。以該條件混色的光根據公式5(丨）的司乃耳定律擴 大光束並射出。圖16的光線A平行地行進於構成三角錐的 其他的兩面的棱並在基準面射出於鉛直方向。成為將凸反 射面中的反射造成的光東擴大光轉換成平行光的凸折射面 配設於與三角錐的折射光栅1 5之間的兩層構造，惟也能使 入射到三角錐的折射光柵15的角度一定。為擴散光的放射 角越大’光線B、C'D的射出光越由鉛直方向傾斜的射出 光。若入射到構成三角錐的其他的兩面，則如光線E般全 反射並射出到與公式2不同的方向。 圖17、圖18是顯示三角錐的折射光柵15中的兩面的 剖面之圖。圖17是顯示藉由一個圓筒凸反射面反射並照射 到一列的次像素的列的狀態，也可以如圖1 8所示由一個圓 筒凸反射面照射到複數個次像素的列。次像素列的數目不 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 年7月亇曰修(栗)正替換頁 限於整數，若來自下一個凸反射面的光連續的話，則使用 尾數也可能。若以導光板底面的圓筒凸反射面比像素數少 的列數構成’由一個圓筒凸反射面照射到複數個次像素的 列則凸反射面的尺寸比照射到一列的次像素的列時大， 可削減圓筒凸反射面的列數，故朝3方向的凸反射面的成 型變的容易。 因隨著增加分配於複數個次像素列的數目，如圖16 的光線B、C ' D般傾斜，故為了使射出方向成鉛直方向需 根據公式5 ( 1)補正射出面的傾斜角度，或者‘抑制在不入射 到接鄰的其他顏色的次像素的放射角。圖16的光線b、C、 D被谷部遮蔽並在頂部附近產生死角部分並減少光量 (quantity of light)，抑制在不產生亮度不均（brightness unevenness)的影響的放射角較佳。減少導光板厚的情形也 如光線B、C、D般傾斜，故一樣。 由於圖17、圖18 僅顯不兩方向成分，故以俯視圖顯 不3方向成分為圖19〇說明藉.由朝導光板底面的3方向的 凸反射面將來自1375774 2012 [Formula 7] 0i = ta n_1 (s/X) If three colors of incident light are incident on the convex reflecting surface by the three directions and the light beam is reflected and reflected, it is irradiated to the refractive fringe of the triangular cone 15 and is Irradiation to the sub-pixel. Since the rhombic refractive surface is folded in a slightly vertical direction, the length of the reference plane orthogonal to the rhombic refractive surface is combined with the sub-pixel width above the refraction grating 15 of the triangular pyramid to form a sub-pixel shape of the diamond. The angular step is a pixel width of 400; when tini, θι becomes a 1/13 of 19.5° in Fig. 5, so the light source, I may. By making the light guide plate thinner by thinning, total reflection by convexity can be utilized, so that it is not necessary to form a mirror. The structure of the convex reflecting surface of the light source showing the fact that each pixel is wider than the two directions is displayed as shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, 0 i is larger than 1.43°. Fig. 12 is constructed in two, and each of the light guide plates is protruded by a light source that opposes both directions. It is possible to transmit the color of the other color to the color mixture of the horizontal color or more between the convex reflection surface spacings, and FIG. 12 shows the state in which the four light colors are mixed by disposing the light guide plate to match the surface of the light guide plate and return to parallel. The situation of light is displayed. Fig. 13 is a view showing a state in which three colors are supplied to the secondary image of the liquid crystal display device. In Fig. 2 and Fig. i3, although two pieces are used, if these elements are integrated, a light guide color stripe can be used as shown in Fig. 14. Since it is a light guide plate, there is no need for pixels to improve productivity, and half of the material cost can be reduced. When the correction of July 5, 099101215 of Figure 14 is expanded, the respective diamonds are refracted and the diagonal is equal. Because 〇 1.43. 'Thinning is to provide the reflecting surface with the reflecting surface of the large main part of the light guide plate, so that the same shape is provided with convex refractin and the color light guide plate is mixed. * The plate realizes the alignment of 3, the main part is 101325.5177-0 1375774 A> ;/year? Month: 曰修 (more) is replacing page 20丨2 July 5th correction is illustrated in Figure 15. The light incident on the thin line of the first sub-pixel 27A constituting the pixel by the three sub-pixels passes over the upper end of the convex reflection surface 5 at the right end and is incident on the central convex reflection surface 5A, and is totally reflected by the convex reflection surface, and the light beam is enlarged and irradiated. To the sub-pixel width. The dotted light is incident on the convex reflecting surface on the left side and the enlarged light beam is incident on the second sub-pixel, and the light of the third color is incident on the lower portion of the light guiding plate. The incident portion protruding from the lower portion of the light guide plate constitutes a surface perpendicular to the incident light, and the rear surface of the projection is formed as a convex reflection surface 5C, and the light beam is enlarged and irradiated to the third pixel. If a reflecting surface symmetrical to the 5C plane is formed, a 4-color display is also possible. In order to prevent the diffused light of the enlarged beam from being incident on the other two faces constituting the triangular pyramid, it is required to be parallel to the other two faces or to the other two faces without being incident. The light mixed under this condition expands the beam according to the Sner's law of Equation 5 (丨) and emits it. The light ray A of Fig. 16 travels in parallel on the other two sides constituting the triangular pyramid and is projected in the vertical direction on the reference surface. A two-layer structure in which a convex refracting surface that converts the light-enlarged light caused by the reflection in the convex reflecting surface into parallel light is disposed between the refractive grating 15 and the triangular pyramid, but also makes the refractive incident incident on the triangular cone The angle of the grating 15 is constant. The larger the radiation angle of the diffused light is, the more the light emitted from the light rays B and C'D is reflected by the vertical direction. If it is incident on the other two sides constituting the triangular pyramid, it is totally reflected as the light E and is emitted in a direction different from the formula 2. Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 are views showing a cross section of both faces of the refractive grating 15 of the triangular pyramid. Fig. 17 is a view showing a state in which a column of sub-pixels which are reflected by a cylindrical convex reflecting surface and is irradiated to one column is irradiated to a column of a plurality of sub-pixels by a cylindrical convex reflecting surface as shown in Fig. 18. The number of sub-pixel columns is not 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 July 亇曰修 (栗) positive replacement page Limited to integers, if the light from the next convex reflection surface is continuous, it is possible to use the mantissa. If the cylindrical convex reflecting surface on the bottom surface of the light guide plate has a smaller number of columns than the number of pixels, the size of the convex reflecting surface is larger than that of the sub-pixels irradiated to one column by the one convex convex reflecting surface irradiating the plurality of sub-pixel columns. When the time is large, the number of rows of the convex reflecting surfaces of the cylinder can be reduced, so that the formation of the convex reflecting surface in the three directions becomes easy. Since the number of sub-pixel columns allocated is increased as shown by the light rays B and C' D in Fig. 16, the inclination angle of the exit surface is corrected according to the formula 5 (1) in order to make the emission direction vertical. 'Suppresses the radiation angle of sub-pixels of other colors that are not incident on adjacent sides. The light rays b, C, and D of Fig. 16 are shielded by the valley portion to generate a dead angle portion near the top portion and reduce the amount of light, and it is preferable to suppress the radiation angle which does not cause the influence of brightness unevenness. The case where the thickness of the light guide plate is reduced is also inclined like the lights B, C, and D, and so is the same. Since Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 show only the two-direction component, the three-direction component in the top view is shown in Fig. 19. The convex reflection surface from the three directions toward the bottom surface of the light guide plate will come from
面排列於導光板的底面 狂狀。將為了使照射於圖的右下 形的折射光柵方向的圓筒凸反射 使照射於圖的右上方向的平行光 099101215 1375774 /»/年7月I曰修(更)正替換頁 c反射於菱形的折射光柵方向的圓筒凸 棱，藉由接觸該頂稜的圓筒凸反射面反 方向的平行光B與照射於圖的右上方向 到三角錐的折射光柵1 5，且入射到次係 藉由菱形的折射光柵將來自朝左方 的光轉換方向成鉛直方向並照射到排列 素A。 將反射來自在圖19中配設於右邊纪 個凸反射面配設於位於兩個三角柱狀 部。因來自配設於圖19的上邊與下邊g 入射到位於三角柱狀凸反射面的陰影 5 A ’故僅將光源Α的光照射到次像素a 顯示沿著該谷部的剖面A - A ’於圖 反射面5A擴大光束並反射的光僅入射 射面15A並入射到次像素27A。顯示於g 凸反射面5C不是存在於同一個剖面上， 直方向’透視顯示》來自配設於圖19的 B、C的光藉由凸反射面5C與更存在於 面5B擴大光束並反射，各自入射到三 15C與15B並入射到次像素27C與27B 折射面1 5 B、次像素2 7 B位於背面側， 向的凸反射面的導光板底面將來自3方 於三角錐的折射光柵15方向。 形成凸反射面A成圓筒的情形，因 20丨2年7月5日修正 反射面接觸並形成 射照射於圖的右下 的平行光C並入射 素 B、C。 ， 向的平行光光源A 於上下方向的次像 光源A的光的複數 凸反射面之間的谷 光源B、C的光不 的谷部的凸反射面 〇 20。藉由圖20的凸 到三角錐光柵的折 1反射面5A之上的 而是存在於紙面垂 上邊與下邊的光源 其背面侧的凸反射 角錐光柵的折射面 。因凸反射面5B、 故未圖示，朝3方 向的平行光全反射 若來自右邊的光反 099101215 1013255177-0 20 1375774 _ W年7月丫日修{更)正替換頁 --------1 2012年7月5日修正 射’則三角柱狀凸反射面，的上部成為死角不被照明’故也 在凸反射面A的長轴方向形成曲面，控制長轴方向的放射 角ε並照射到三角柱狀凸反射面的上部的像素。凸反射面 • 的長軸方向的曲率半徑R是設凸反射面的長軸方向的長度 . 為L，以公式8表示。 [公式8 ] R=L/ {2 · s i n U/2)} 因照射比正交於三角柱狀凸反射面的方向的凸反射面 的長軸方向長度長的範圍，故可照射到前述三角柱狀凸反 射面的上部的像素。 藉由圖19的底面的凸反射面反射的3方向的光入射到 配設於導光板的上側面的三角錐的折射光栅1.5的A、B、C 面。因三角錐的折射光栅15為組合3個菱形面的構造’故 在導光板的上方配置具有菱形的次像素的液晶面板。圖21 是以菱形形成3色的次像素並三角排列，由6角形的像素 構成的液晶顯示裝置之俯視圖。在圖21中為了說明的方便 起見，相當大地擴大次像素的尺寸而顯示》 將3色的光源A、B、C配置於周邊部並由120°不同 ’ 的方向照射。雖然R、G、B .的排列為任意，但因配置於右 - 邊的光源A的數目最少，故配置高亮度的元件為上策。在 右邊排列照射於朝左方向的平行光光源A，在圖2 1的上邊 與左邊上側排列照射於圖的右下方向的平行光光源B，在 下邊與左邊下側排列照射於圖的右上方向的平行光光源 C。能以6角形的像素將3方向的光混色並進行彩色顯示。 21 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 因通過三 不使用彩色濾 凸反射面與三 光板，故可與 是將菱形次像 混色佳，比由 因彩色遽 factor)為 33 裝置全體的效 片，故效率變 RGB發光二極 序，也能削減 在顯示裝 置、攝影裝置 確的色彩再現 色螢光體的補 平緩的黃光光1 螢光體並使螢； 合螢光體，使^ 因此’不是混1 三苒錐的反射β 頻化。 令第一發j 光體產生的波Η 光片 以下 ransmission 則液晶顯示 099101215 . 2〇丨2年7月5日修正 角錐的折射光栅15照射3色光到次像素，故 光片可進行液晶顯示裝置的彩色顯示，由於 角雜的折射光才册15是由同—構件構成的導 液晶面板的像素對準並進行彩色顯示。由於 素排列成點對稱的6角形像素，故併設加法 條紋構成的正方形像素平滑。 吸收該色以外，故透射率（t ’若包含偏光板的吸收等， 率為8以下，惟因本案發明不使用彩色濾光 成3倍，與白色發光二極體比較為約1/3的 體數。因此，不僅削減彩色濾光片的製造程 發光二極體與電源部的成本。 置中此以3原色的混色再現，惟在照明裝 等中若缺乏光源的波長特性，則無法進行正 。利用將藍色發光二極體的藍色光照射到黃 色的白色發光二極體具有尖銳的藍光光譜與 ’在青綠色域具有大的谷值。混合複數個 白色發光二極體寬頻化時，藉由多量地混 光藉由其他的螢光體吸收，效率更降低。 營光體’而是若藉由三角錐的折射光柵或 棚混色’則不伴隨效率降低使波長特性寬 元件為青紫色發光二極體，若以由黃色螢 值為月紫色光波高值的約一半的雙峰特性 22 1013255177-0 1375774 "年7月sT日修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 (dua卜Peak Characteristics)分散螢光體，則為在藍色〜 綠色具有谷值，紅色域降低的特性。 令以第一發光元件的谷底波長發光的青綠色發光二極 體為第二發光元件，若以由橙色螢光體產生的波高值為青 . 綠色光波高值的約一半的雙峰特性分散螢光體，則為在綠 色〜黃色具有谷值的特性。 令以第一發光元件的谷底波長發光的綠色發光二極體 為第三發光元件，若以由橙色螢光體產生的波高值為綠色 光波高值的約一半的雙峰特性分散螢光體，則為在黃色〜 橙色具有谷值的特性》 第三發光二 二、第三發 若使用二角錐的折射光柵加法.混色第一〜 極體光，則第一發光二極體的谷底區域藉由第 光二極體的激發光補足。第一〜第三發光二極體的螢光光譜 藉由加法混色遍及黃色~紅色域，波高值大致與激發光相 等’可得到平緩的連續光譜的螢光。卩螢光體得到寬頻特 性的方法其效率降低，惟可藉由在谷底區域設有別的激發 波長並進行利用三角錐的折射光柵進行的混色，高效率地 實現連續波長。顯示由拋物面鏡構成的剖面圖於圖22，顯 示將折射光栅的傾斜面作成凹面，由導光板構成的剖面圖 於圖23。顯示以三角錐混色裝置將不同的激發波長的螢光 轉換發光二極體混色之合成前與合成後的波長特性於圖 30 ° 因在照明裝置中往往比平行光還擴大放射角而被使 用’故可藉由負焦距光學系統將被混色的平行光比平行光 099101215 10132.55177-0 1375774 _ /。/年？月i日修(£)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 還擴大放射角。由於若放射方向不同，則成為僅一方的成 分’故藉由使各光源光其放射角與方向都一致，可照射均 勻的混色光。圖2 4是在折射光柵的射出部配設凹透鏡陣列 (concave lens array)之圖。 可藉由將折射光栅的傾斜面作成凹面擴大放射角，將 其顯示於圖25。可藉由使對向的折射光拇傾斜面的凹面的 射出光的放射角一致，照射均勻的混色光。為了不入射到 對向的折射光柵傾斜面’需以折射光柵谷部中的切線的杂卜 丧傾斜角度入射。因此’因不入射到折射光栅的頂部，故 頂部無需作成尖銳，也可使其平坦而容易成型。 也可將折射光柵的傾斜面作成凸面，在通過焦點後擴 大放射角。即使折射光柵的傾斜面為平面，入射.光也不會 是平行光，而是於擴散光時，在射出折射光栅後為擴散光。 不將折射光柵的基準面作成平面而是作成凹面，可使擴散 光入射到折射光柵，射出擴散光。 若令光源部為來自一點的擴散光，則入射到折射光柵 的基準面的角度因位置而不同，惟若令成來自複數個點的 擴散光，則可使入射到基準面的角度一致。 因在聚光燈（spotlight)、號諸燈（traffic light)等 中照射範圍或觀察可能範圍的放射角0比公式6、圖的 顯不面中的寬度W還容易利用，故若以凸反射面的曲率半 徑r、沿著圓周的曲面長度d、放射角0表示的話則能以 公式9表示，也能以公式j 〇近似。其中放射角如圖i i所 示為對中心線對稱的角度。 099101215 1013255177-0 24 1375774 /ν年7月i曰修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 [公式9 ] 0 = d -3 6 0° / (2π r) [公式1 0 ] . 0 = s i η'1 (d/r) • 圖11是顯示以放射角0將來自兩方向的平行光混色 並射出於同一方向的狀態。若為放射角相等且方向一 八 法辨識光柵的尺寸’則均勻地進行加法混色。 為了以個別發光元件得到連續光譜，發光二極體的發 光強度成為尖峰的約半值的波長寬為2〇nm〜6〇nm，故若以 各色的半值波長連接並使用6色〜9色，則可涵蓋可見光域 並實現連續光譜的白色光。更由於入射到三角錐的折射光 拇的3個光源使用由折射光柵或反射光柵產生的混色光， 可混合6色或9色。因不是由散射產生的混色，故可照射 放射角窄的白色光。若混合6色，則如圖31所示可合成連 續光譜的白色光，顯示其構造的主要部分透視圖的例子於 圖26’顯示剖面圖的例子於圖27~圖 因射出面的折射光柵可將複數條光入射到一個光栅傾 斜面故圖28與圖27比較變成一半的折射光柵數《圖29 疋利用導光板底面的凸反射光柵的光束擴大功能，刪除圖 • 27的導光板射出面的凹折射面之圖。 【發明的功效】 為了解決產生因複數個發光元件與反射鏡的距離與角 度的非對稱性造成的色斑，藉由使用防止別的光源光混入 25 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 --- 〜年7月，日修(£)正替換頁 20丨2年7月5日修正 的反射光栅或折射光栅並混合，以同一放射角射出，可防 止色斑。 藉由將反射光柵作成凸反射面，可減小入射光的傾斜 角度，使光源部薄型化。 因可藉由使凸反射面光柵朝3方向的構造或使三角錐 的折射光柵與凸反射面光柵朝3方向的構造，以一片導光 板實現3色條紋，故無須對準，生產性提高，可削減彩色 濾光片製程與發光二極體等的材料費》 為了解決螢光白色發光二極體的光譜是由尖銳的藍色 與平緩的黃色域的兩個尖峰構成，可藉由使用混色裝置利 用複數個激發光，高效率地實現連續光譜。 可比以多成分系混合螢光體並使光譜寬頻化的方法還 高效率地得到連續光譜的白色光。 【實施方式】 [實施例1 ] 針對藉由使用三角錐的折射光栅15，由菱形次像素27 構成的液晶顯示裝置說明。顯示在液晶顯示.裝置的導光板 的底面配置3種類的凸反射光柵4，在導光板側面配置3 種類的光源之俯視圖於圖19,顯示由菱形次像素構成的液 晶顯示裝置的俯視圖於圖21。對角1117mm(46型）、高畫 質（Full High Definition:Full HD)( 1920xl 080)時，畫面 尺寸為橫1018mm、縱573mm、像素間距530从m、次像素的 菱形邊長306//me 099101215 1013255177-0 26 1375774 __ 〜年7月彳日修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正The surface is arranged in a mad shape on the bottom surface of the light guide plate. In order to make the cylindrical convex reflection in the direction of the refractive grating of the lower right shape of the figure, the parallel light irradiated in the upper right direction of the figure is 099101215 1375774 /»/July I repair (more) positive replacement page c is reflected in the diamond a cylindrical rib in the direction of the refractive grating, the parallel light B in the opposite direction of the cylindrical convex reflecting surface contacting the top edge and the refractive grating 15 irradiated to the upper right direction of the figure to the triangular pyramid, and incident on the secondary system The rhombic refractive grating converts the light from the leftward direction into a vertical direction and illuminates the aligning element A. The reflection is from the convex reflection surface disposed on the right side in Fig. 19, and is disposed on the two triangular prism portions. Since the shadows 5 A ′ located on the triangular columnar convex reflecting surface are incident from the upper side and the lower side g arranged in Fig. 19, only the light of the light source 照射 is irradiated to the sub-pixel a to display the section A - A ' along the valley portion. The reflection surface 5A enlarges the light beam and reflects the light only incident on the emission surface 15A and is incident on the sub-pixel 27A. The convex reflection surface 5C shown on the g is not present on the same cross section, and the straight direction 'perspective display' is derived from the light B and C disposed in FIG. 19 by the convex reflection surface 5C and the light beam which is more present on the surface 5B and is reflected. Each of them is incident on the three 15C and 15B and is incident on the sub-pixels 27C and 27B. The refraction surface 15B and the sub-pixel 2 7 B are located on the back side, and the bottom surface of the light guide plate of the convex reflection surface is a refraction grating 15 from the triangular pyramid. direction. In the case where the convex reflecting surface A is formed into a cylinder, the correcting reflecting surface is contacted on July 5, 20, and the parallel light C irradiated to the lower right of the figure is formed and incident on the elements B and C. The parallel light source A is in the vertical direction. The secondary image of the light source A has a complex reflection surface 〇 20 between the convex reflection surfaces and the valleys of the light sources B and C. The convex surface of the convex reflection pyramidal grating on the back side of the light source on the upper side and the lower side of the paper surface is formed by the convex reflection surface 5A of the triangular pyramid grating of Fig. 20 . Due to the convex reflecting surface 5B, it is not shown, and the total reflection of the parallel light in the three directions is from the right side. The light is reversed 099101215 1013255177-0 20 1375774 _ W July, the next day is repairing {more) is replacing the page ----- ---1 On July 5, 2012, the correction shot 'the triangular columnar convex reflecting surface, the upper part becomes the dead angle is not illuminated', so the curved surface is formed in the long axis direction of the convex reflecting surface A, and the radiation angle ε in the long axis direction is controlled. And irradiated to the upper pixel of the triangular columnar convex reflecting surface. Convex reflection surface • The radius of curvature R in the long-axis direction is the length in the long-axis direction of the convex reflection surface. It is L, which is expressed by Equation 8. [Equation 8] R=L/ {2 · sin U/2)} Since the irradiation length is longer than the length of the convex reflection surface in the direction orthogonal to the triangular columnar convex reflection surface, it can be irradiated to the aforementioned triangular column shape. The upper pixel of the convex reflecting surface. Light in three directions reflected by the convex reflecting surface of the bottom surface of Fig. 19 is incident on the A, B, and C faces of the refractive grating 1.5 of the triangular pyramid disposed on the upper side surface of the light guide plate. Since the refractive grating 15 of the triangular pyramid is a structure in which three rhombic surfaces are combined, a liquid crystal panel having a rhombic sub-pixel is disposed above the light guide plate. Fig. 21 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device comprising hexagonal pixels of three colors and triangular arrays in a rhombic shape. For the sake of convenience of explanation in Fig. 21, the size of the sub-pixels is enlarged considerably, and the light sources A, B, and C of the three colors are arranged in the peripheral portion and irradiated in a direction different from 120°. Although the arrangement of R, G, and B is arbitrary, since the number of the light sources A disposed on the right side is the smallest, it is a good idea to arrange components having high brightness. The parallel light source A irradiated to the left direction is arranged on the right side, and the parallel light source B irradiated in the lower right direction of the figure is arranged on the upper side and the upper left side of FIG. 21, and arranged in the upper right direction of the lower side and the lower left side. Parallel light source C. The light in the three directions can be mixed in a hexagonal pixel and displayed in color. 21 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 Because the three do not use the color filter convex reflection surface and the three-light plate, it can be mixed with the diamond-shaped sub-image, and the efficiency is changed to RGB by the color device. The light-emitting diode sequence can also reduce the color of the fluorescent material in the display device and the photographic device to reproduce the smooth yellow light 1 phosphor and make the fluorescing; The reflection of the beta is frequencyd. The Η mission 产生 ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran ran The color display shows that the pixels 15 of the refracting light of the corners are aligned by the pixels of the liquid crystal panel of the same member and are displayed in color. Since the pixels are arranged in a point-symmetric hexagonal pixel, the square pixels formed by the addition stripes are smoothed. In addition to the absorption of the color, the transmittance (t' includes the absorption of the polarizing plate, etc., and the rate is 8 or less. However, since the invention does not use color filtering to be 3 times, it is about 1/3 compared with the white light-emitting diode. Therefore, not only the cost of the manufacturing process of the color filter and the power supply unit are reduced, but the color reproduction of the three primary colors is performed, but the wavelength characteristics of the light source cannot be performed in the illumination device or the like. The white light-emitting diode that illuminates the yellow light of the blue light-emitting diode to the yellow color has a sharp blue spectrum and has a large valley value in the cyan field. When a plurality of white light-emitting diodes are mixed and wide-banded By using a large amount of light to be absorbed by other phosphors, the efficiency is further reduced. The camping body 'but if the color is mixed by the triangular cone's refractive grating or the shed', the wavelength characteristic wide component is blue. The purple-emitting diode, if the yellow-yellow value is about half of the peak value of the moon-violet light wave, is a half-peak characteristic 22 1013255177-0 1375774 "July July sT day repair (more) is being replaced page July 5, 2012 Correction (dua Bu Peak Character) Istics) disperse the phosphor, which has a characteristic that the blue to green has a valley value and the red domain is lowered. The cyan LED that emits light at the bottom wavelength of the first light-emitting element is used as the second light-emitting element. The height of the wave generated by the orange phosphor is cyan. The bimodal characteristic of the high value of the green light wave disperses the phosphor, and has a characteristic of having a valley value in green to yellow. The light is emitted at the bottom wavelength of the first light-emitting element. The green light-emitting diode is a third light-emitting element, and if the phosphor is dispersed in a bimodal characteristic in which the wave height value generated by the orange phosphor is about half of the green light wave high value, the yellow to orange has a valley value. The third illuminating 22nd and the third radiant are added by the refracting grating of the dichroic cone. When the first to the polar body is mixed, the valley region of the first illuminating diode is supplemented by the excitation light of the photodiode. ~ The fluorescence spectrum of the third light-emitting diode is obtained by adding color mixing throughout the yellow to red domain, and the wave height is approximately equal to the excitation light. A smooth continuous spectrum of fluorescence is obtained. The method of obtaining a broadband characteristic of the phosphor is The efficiency is reduced, but the continuous wavelength can be realized efficiently by providing a different excitation wavelength in the valley region and performing the color mixture using the triangular cone refractive grating. The cross-sectional view showing the parabolic mirror is shown in Fig. 22, showing the refraction. The inclined surface of the grating is made into a concave surface, and the cross-sectional view of the light guide plate is shown in Fig. 23. The wavelength characteristics of the pre-synthesis and the synthesized wavelength of the fluorescent conversion light-emitting diode mixed with different excitation wavelengths by the triangular pyramid mixing device are shown in Fig. 30. ° Because it is often used in the illumination device to expand the radiation angle than the parallel light, the parallel light that can be mixed by the negative focal length optical system is more than the parallel light 099101215 10132.55177-0 1375774 _ /. / year? (£) The replacement page is revised on July 5, 2012. If the radiation direction is different, the component becomes only one component. Therefore, by making the radiation angles and directions of the respective light sources uniform, it is possible to illuminate the uniform color mixture light. Fig. 24 is a view in which a concave lens array is disposed in an emitting portion of the refractive grating. This can be shown in Fig. 25 by making the inclined surface of the refractive grating a concave surface and expanding the radiation angle. The uniform mixed color light can be irradiated by matching the radiation angles of the light emitted from the concave surface of the opposing refracting optical thumb inclined surface. The inclined surface of the refractive grating which is not incident on the opposite direction is incident at an oblique angle of the tangential line in the valley portion of the refractive grating. Therefore, since it is not incident on the top of the refractive grating, the top does not need to be sharpened, and it can be flattened and easily formed. It is also possible to make the inclined surface of the refractive grating convex, and to enlarge the radiation angle after passing through the focus. Even if the inclined surface of the refractive grating is a flat surface, the incident light is not parallel light, but is diffused light after being emitted from the refractive grating when the light is diffused. The reference surface of the refractive grating is not formed into a flat surface but is formed into a concave surface, and the diffused light is incident on the refractive grating to emit the diffused light. When the light source portion is diffused light from one point, the angle of the reference plane incident on the refractive grating differs depending on the position. However, if the diffused light from a plurality of points is made, the angles incident on the reference plane can be made uniform. Since the radiation angle 0 in the irradiation range or the observation range in the spotlight, the traffic light, etc. is easier to use than the width W in the expression 6 and the visible surface of the figure, if the convex reflection surface is used The radius of curvature r, the length d of the curved surface along the circumference, and the angle of radiation 0 can be expressed by Equation 9, and can also be approximated by the formula j 〇. The radiation angle is shown in Fig. i i as the angle symmetrical to the center line. 099101215 1013255177-0 24 1375774 / July of the year i曰 repair (more) is replacing page July 5, 2012 correction [Formula 9] 0 = d -3 6 0 ° / (2π r) [Formula 1 0 ] . 0 = si η'1 (d/r) • Fig. 11 is a view showing a state in which parallel light from two directions is mixed at a radiation angle of 0 and emitted in the same direction. If the radiation angle is equal and the direction of the grating is recognized by the direction of the image, the additive color mixing is performed uniformly. In order to obtain a continuous spectrum of the individual light-emitting elements, the light-emitting intensity of the light-emitting diode has a wavelength of about 1/2 nm to 6 〇 nm which is about a half value of the peak. Therefore, if the half-wavelength of each color is connected, 6 to 9 colors are used. , can cover the visible light region and achieve a continuous spectrum of white light. Further, since the three light sources incident on the triangular cone are mixed light generated by the refractive grating or the reflective grating, six or nine colors can be mixed. Since it is not a color mixture caused by scattering, white light having a narrow radiation angle can be irradiated. If six colors are mixed, white light of a continuous spectrum can be synthesized as shown in FIG. 31, and an example of a principal part of a perspective view showing the structure thereof is shown in FIG. 26'. An example of a cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. 27 to FIG. A plurality of light beams are incident on a grating inclined surface, so that the number of refractive gratings becomes half of that in Fig. 28 compared with Fig. 27 "Fig. 29" The light beam expanding function of the convex reflection grating on the bottom surface of the light guide plate is used to delete the light exit surface of the light guide plate of Fig. 27 A diagram of a concave refractive surface. [Effects of the Invention] In order to solve the problem of the color plaque caused by the asymmetry of the distance and angle of the plurality of illuminating elements and the mirror, the light source is prevented from being mixed into the light by using 25 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 --- ~ 7 Month, Japanese repair (£) is replacing the reflective grating or the refractive grating corrected on page 5, 2, July 2, and mixed, and is emitted at the same radiation angle to prevent stains. By forming the reflection grating as a convex reflection surface, the inclination angle of the incident light can be made small, and the light source portion can be made thinner. Since the three-color stripe can be realized by one light guide plate by the structure of the convex-reflecting surface grating in the three-direction or the structure of the triangular-shaped refractive grating and the convex-reflecting surface grating in three directions, alignment is not required, and productivity is improved. Material cost for color filter process and light-emitting diode can be reduced. In order to solve the problem that the spectrum of the fluorescent white light-emitting diode is composed of two sharp peaks of sharp blue and gentle yellow, by using color mixing The device utilizes a plurality of excitation lights to efficiently achieve a continuous spectrum. A method of mixing a phosphor with a multi-component and widening the spectrum can also obtain a white light of a continuous spectrum with high efficiency. [Embodiment] [Embodiment 1] A liquid crystal display device comprising a diamond-shaped sub-pixel 27 by a refractive grating 15 using a triangular pyramid will be described. Three types of convex reflection gratings 4 are arranged on the bottom surface of the light guide plate of the liquid crystal display device, and three types of light sources are arranged on the side surface of the light guide plate. FIG. 19 shows a plan view of the liquid crystal display device including the diamond sub-pixels. . When the diagonal is 1117mm (46 type) and high quality (Full HD) (1920xl 080), the screen size is 1018mm horizontal, 573mm vertical, pixel pitch 530 is m, and the diamond side length of the sub-pixel is 306//me. 099101215 1013255177-0 26 1375774 __ ~ July of the next day, repair (more) is being replaced page July 5, 2012 amendment
導光板的底面是配置朝3方向的3種類的凸反射面5。 以圓筒凸反射面5B將照射到圖的右下方向的平行光B反射 到斜上方，並以入射角α入射到菱形的折射光柵15ββ以 . 與前述圓筒凸反射面5Β接觸並形成棱的圓筒凸反射面5C • 將照射到圖的右上方向的平行光1 9C反射到斜上方，並以 入射角α入射到菱形的折射光柵1 5B。以圓筒凸反射面5A 將來自朝左方向的平行光光源46A的光反射到斜上方，並 以入射角〇：入射到菱形的折射光柵15。 以三角錐的折射光柵15的折射面15A、15B、15C轉換 方向成鉛直方向並照射到次像素27A、27B、27C。因導光 板的凸反射面5的段差比像素尺寸小，故擴大成像素尺 寸，惟因導光板厚一定，故凸反射面5的曲率半徑為一定。 若設導光板厚t為l〇mm’凸反射面5的段差s為l〇#m， 則曲率半徑r為i 59以朝位於略鉛直方向的液晶的次像 素反射來自光源的平行光線，無須藉由傾斜成全反射臨界 角以上而形成反射層，可削減製造費用。 將發光二極體偏移（off set)配置於在光源部的拋物面 鏡6的焦點不遮蔽抛物面鏡的反射光的位置。.藉由在光源 . 46A配置540個發光強度240mcd的發光二極體，在光源46b • ’與46C配置540個發光強度140mcd的發光二極體，在透光 率（light transmittanceMO 時得到亮度 263cd/m2。此時 的功率消耗（power consumption)約130W，為白色發光二 極體與彩色濾'光片的情形的約1 / 3的功率消耗。 透明材料可為聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、脂環族丙烯酸樹脂 27 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 ____ A>/年7月ν'日修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 (alicyclic acrylic resin)、環烯烴樹脂（cycloolefin resin)、聚碳酸酯、光/硬化丙烯酸樹脂（ph〇t〇curable acrr lie resin)等，可藉由射出壓縮成型等成型。因光硬 化丙稀酸树脂為低點度的單體^⑽⑽^)，將低聚物 (oligomer·)聚合成起始材料（以3纣丨叫material)，故精密 的成型為可能》 [實施例二] 顯不混合成配置反射面成格子狀的3色條紋的液晶顯 示裝置的照明裝置於圖14,顯示主要部分於圖15。對角 510關（20.1 型）、XGA(1024x768)時畫面尺寸為橫 4〇8_、 縱306mm、像素間距3 99 /zm、次像素間距133以m。 朝3方向的3種類的凸反射面5為以像素間距均等地 配置1024段的構造。因導光板的凸反射面5的段差比像素 尺寸小，故擴大成像素尺寸，惟因導光板厚一定，故凸反 射面5的曲率半徑為十若設導光板厚…0mm，凸反 射面5的段差s為1Mm，則曲率半徑r為159…朝位 於略鉛直方向的液晶的次像素反射來自光源的平行光線， 無須藉由傾斜成全反射臨界角以上而形成反㈣可削減 製造費用》 源部的抛物面鏡的焦點 。藉由配置128個各色 在透光率40時得到亮 將發光一極體偏移配置於在光 不遮蔽拋物面鏡6的反射光的位置 的發光強度250mcd的發光二極體， 度 307cd/m2 。 [實施例三] 09910121-5 1013255177-0 1375774 _ /V年7月vf曰修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 將兩色的平行光人射到在雙方向具有凸反射面5的光 柵的導光板並混色的實施例是針對使用紅色發光二極體與 綠色發光二極體合成黃色的號誌燈說明。以實施例四說明 . 依照折射光柵15的例子，以實施例五說明依照反射光栅4 的例子。雖然被稱為藍彳§號’但正確為綠色。色盲對策是 以▼藍色的綠色顯不。黃色信號是以帶橙色的橙黃色顯 示。圖32為將綠色與紅色的平行光入射到在雙方向具有凸 反射面5的反射光栅4’在黃色信號時將綠色與紅色混色 並以黃撥色顯示的號誌燈之剖面圖。顯示俯視圖於圖33。 導光板的底面為朝以圖11顯示的雙方向的凸反射面5 形成三角枉。因到號諸燈顯示面的距離為約5πι以上，故在 凸反射面5的寬度為5mm以下無法辨識光柵，在紅色光與 綠色光由凸反射光柵4於同一方向以同一放射角射出時， 被加法混色不產生色斑。 顯示面周圍的兩個光源部是由配設於各9 6個的橢圓 鏡8的焦點後，以拋物面鏡6形成平行光並入射到一方的 凸反射面5的構造構成，在一方的光源部配設綠色發光二 極體，在他方的光源部配設紅色發光二極體。以成對的凸 ' 反射面5於同一方向以同一放射角反射，以導光板表面的 . 凹折射面11擴大光束成必要的放射角。習知的照射到上空 或交叉的道路的指向性其消耗電流變成浪費，惟若令上下 方向的放射範圍為水平面以下，令左右方向的放射角為±45 。的範圍，則可削減消耗電流成約1 /4。因此，即使在一 個顯示面一半一半配設紅與綠的元件也能得到必要的光 29 .099101215 1013255177-0· 1375774 20丨2年7月5曰修正 量。 若使用500nm以下的青綠色發光二極體並與紅色發光 二極體混色’則色度座標上的直線接近白色域並成為淡黃 色’故若使用500nm以上的綠色發光二極體與61〇ηιη以上 的紅色發光二極體，則混色直線沿著成馬蹄形的色度座標 的右側緣面’故可將濃的黃色混色。 - 在習知的3燈號誌燈中有接受太陽光非點亮的兩燈也 邊亮’壳度差降低的疑似點亮現象’在利用折射光柵進行 的混色中因顯示面為1燈，故不發生疑似點亮現象，可削 減κ色的發光元件1 ’可更藉由由指向性的控制造成的元 件數的降低削減號誌燈的成本。習知的號誌燈因指向性 寬’故不僅可看到交又的道路側的信號，也能放射到上空， 故雖然消耗電流變多，但若令成必要的指向性範圍，則可 降低消耗電流，可藉由元件數的降低削減製造成本。近年 來發光效率的提高顯著，惟習知的顯示面因發光元件丨的 點顯著，若削減元件數，則更成為粗糙的顯示，故元件數 的削減困難。但是，因以無法辨識凸反射光柵4的寬度顯 示，故全體被均勻地顯示。因此，可依照指向性的控制與 發光效率削減發光元件數β [實施例四] 針對與實施例三的不同點，說明藉由折射光柵丨5將紅 色發光二極體與青綠色發光二極體合成黃色的號誌燈。若 作成圖34所示的單元（unit)的直徑25mm，則可在圖π所 不的直徑300mm的顯示面排列約12〇單元。若配設8對折 30 099Γ01215 10132:55177-0 1375774 /y年7月，曰修<更)正替換頁 20丨2年7月5曰修正 射光柵1 5，則成為在單側面1. 5mm寬的梳子形，在紅或綠 顯示時由光柵的單側面射出成梳子形。在紅色光與綠色光 由寬1.5mm的折射光柵15射出時，無法藉由到號誌燈顯示 面的距離辨識光栅，也藉由放射方向的一致不產生色斑。 在必要的指向性範圍射出擴散光的手段（means)為圖34所 示的凹透鏡陣列。凹透鏡陣列具有兼具防塵、防水的防護 罩（hood)的功能。 [實施例五] 針對與實施例三的不同點，說明^由反射光柵4將紅 色發光二極體與青綠色發光二極體合成黃色的號誌燈。若 將圖2所示的單元的反射光栅面作成19mm四角形，則可在 圖36所示的直徑300mm的顯示面排列約120單元β若配設 8對反射光拇4，則成為在單侧面1.5mm寬的凸反射面5， 在紅或綠顯示時由光柵的單側面射出成梳子形。在紅色光 與綠色光由寬1.5 mm的反射光柵4射出時，無法藉由到號 總燈顯示面的距離辨識光栅，也藉由放射方向的一致不產 生色斑。 反射光柵4藉由彎曲反射面擴大指向性，具有發光元 件1尺寸加原來的放射角的指向性，可彎曲反射光柵的設 置面並可設定指向性。因此，可藉由反射光柵4的彎曲設 置面設定成依照道路狀況的指向性向性的控制具有自 由度比導光板的凸反射面5及/或導光板的折射面寬的特 徵。因反射光柵4形為光源部排列的構造，故反射面的佔 積率（space factor)為60 。在使用砲彈型發光二極體的 3 1 099101215 .10132:55177-0- 1375774 ’畔7价日修(更)正替換頁· 2012年7月5日修正 習知的號諸燈的顯示面’發光元件的點引人注目者為·根據 透鏡形狀的没計，僅尖端附近 積比（area ratio)為約 50 » 輝亮部的佔積率》 [實施例六] 使用由凸反射面5構成的 的正交方向有差的實施例是針 為將使用黃色螢光體於藍色發 極體，與使用橙色螢光體於青 發光二極體混色，並滿足可見 射角等，則也能應用於聚光燈 設車輛用前照燈的上下方 由光源尺寸造成的誤差角度約 的放射角T為6° 。由公式2 為28° ，谷部的傾斜角度召為 4的方向的放射角為20° ，設 為14mm，則由公式8曲率半徑 面5的反射光柵4構成的剖面 燈的前視圖於圖38。左右的光 體於藍色發光二極體的螢光白 橙色螢光體於青綠色發光二極 在橢圓鏡的一方的焦點配 點配設螢光體。由接受激發光 前方的抛物面鏡6，來自後方 發光，故輝亮部分所佔的面 因此，為與以往同等以上的 反射光柵4，放射角在光柵 對車輛用前照<燈說明。光源 光二極體的螢光白色發光二 綠色發光二極體的螢光白色 光域的白色光源。若變更放 等。 向的放射角為10° ，若扣除 4° ，則正交於反射光柵4 傾斜光與頂部的傾斜角度α 34° 。若設平行於反射光柵 反射光柵4薄長方形的長度 為4 0mm。顯示4對的凸反射 圖於圖37，顯示車輛用前照 源部的一方為使用黃色螢光 色發光二極體，他方為使用 體的螢光白色發光二極體。 設發光元件1，在他方的焦 的螢光體發出螢光至後方與 的拋物面鏡6的平行光藉由 099101215 1013255177-0 32 1375774 — /。/年？月丨日修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 平面鏡轉換方向並照射平行光於反射光栅4方向。 若使40 mA的正向電流（forwar(i current)流到發光元 件1 ’則成為由2光源構成的1單元、〇. 2 8 W，使用該單元 ' 橫向11列，縱向8列合計88單元，得到轉換效率6〇1 m/w、 • 14801m的光束。尺寸為橫向i6〇mm、縱向i70mm。顯示混色 的光譜於圖3 9。 交錯光束（beam)時若點亮下5列，則成為9201m，如 圖38所示若在單元的配置配設截止線（cut〇f f Hne)，則 可增加給予對向車的防眩效果。截止線斜的反射光柵是組 合橢圓鏡與雙曲線鏡並作成梯形狀的反射光柵。圖38是正 面看左側行駛車輛的情形之圖，顯示將上3段熄燈，交錯 光束的狀態。反射光柵4若利用鋁等的金屬鏡面的基板 29’則可兼用散熱的基板。由上述構成造成的行駛光束時 的全損失成為24. 6W。在反射光柵4陣列的周圍設有3 0mm 寬的安裝空間時的基板29尺寸為橫向220mm、縱向230mm。 若在該基板 29 的後方配設導管（duct)，以風速 u = 10m/s(3 6km/h)以上的行駛風或強制對流冷卻，則由公式 11 ’溫度上升為約25°C。因可由基板29熱傳導到導管的 ’ 壁面全體並可利用於散熱，故可使溫度上升比約2 5 °C還降 - 低。因公式11使用基板2 9溫度中的空氣的物性值’故需 要重複計算，使用收斂條件附近的50°C中的物性值 卜然托數（Prandtl number)Pr:0.71 熱導率（thermal conductivity) Λ :0. 0241[W/mC ] 動力黏度（dynamic viscosity)v :1.86xl〇 5 [m/s] 33 .099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 ___ 〜年？月I日修(更)正替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 雷諾數（Reynolds number)Re、那塞特數（NusseU number)!^、平均熱傳遞率（average heat transfer Fate：) α、溫度上升T可由公式11求出》 設基板29的縱尺寸L、橫尺寸w，設外部的空‘溫度為 20〇C。 [公式11] R e = υ ·L·/νThe bottom surface of the light guide plate is three types of convex reflecting surfaces 5 arranged in three directions. The parallel light B irradiated to the lower right direction of the figure is reflected obliquely upward by the cylindrical convex reflecting surface 5B, and is incident on the diamond-shaped refractive grating 15ββ at the incident angle α to contact the cylindrical convex reflecting surface 5Β and form a rib. The cylindrical convex reflecting surface 5C • The parallel light 1 9C irradiated to the upper right direction of the figure is reflected obliquely upward, and is incident on the diamond-shaped refractive grating 15B at the incident angle α. The light from the parallel light source 46A in the left direction is reflected obliquely upward by the cylindrical convex reflecting surface 5A, and is incident on the diamond-shaped refractive grating 15 at an incident angle 〇. The refractive surfaces 15A, 15B, and 15C of the refractive grating 15 of the triangular pyramid are turned in the vertical direction and irradiated to the sub-pixels 27A, 27B, and 27C. Since the step difference of the convex reflecting surface 5 of the light guide plate is smaller than the pixel size, the pixel size is enlarged, but since the thickness of the light guiding plate is constant, the radius of curvature of the convex reflecting surface 5 is constant. If the thickness t of the light guide plate is l〇mm', the step s of the convex reflecting surface 5 is l〇#m, the radius of curvature r is i 59 to reflect the parallel light from the light source toward the sub-pixel of the liquid crystal in the slightly vertical direction, without By forming the reflective layer by tilting to a critical angle of total reflection or more, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The light-emitting diode is disposed at an offset position at which the focus of the parabolic mirror 6 at the light source portion does not block the reflected light of the parabolic mirror. By 540 light-emitting diodes of 540 illuminating intensity 240mcd in the light source 46A, 540 light-emitting diodes with a luminous intensity of 140mcd are arranged in the light source 46b • ' and 46C, and the brightness is 263 cd at light transmittance (light transmittance MO). M2. The power consumption at this time is about 130 W, which is about 1/3 of the power consumption of the white light-emitting diode and the color filter 'light film. The transparent material may be polymethyl methacrylate or alicyclic. Family Acrylic Resin 27 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 ____ A>/July ν'day repair (more) replacement page July 5, 2012 amendment (alicyclic acrylic resin), cycloolefin resin (cycloolefin resin), polycarbonate , light/hardening acrylic resin (ph〇t〇curable acrr lie resin), etc., can be formed by injection compression molding, etc. The photohardenable acrylic resin is a low-point monomer ^(10)(10)^), the oligomer (oligomer·) is polymerized into a starting material (3 is called material), so precise molding is possible. [Example 2] Illumination of a liquid crystal display device in which three-color stripes having a reflective surface in a lattice shape are not mixed The device is shown in Figure 14 To portion 15 in FIG. When the diagonal 510 is off (20.1 type) and XGA (1024x768), the screen size is horizontal 4〇8_, vertical 306mm, pixel pitch 3 99 /zm, and sub-pixel pitch 133 is m. The three types of convex reflecting surfaces 5 in the three directions have a structure in which 1024 segments are equally arranged at a pixel pitch. Since the step of the convex reflecting surface 5 of the light guide plate is smaller than the pixel size, it is enlarged into a pixel size. However, since the thickness of the light guiding plate is constant, the radius of curvature of the convex reflecting surface 5 is ten. If the thickness of the light guiding plate is 0 mm, the convex reflecting surface 5 The step s is 1Mm, and the radius of curvature r is 159... The parallel light from the light source is reflected toward the sub-pixel of the liquid crystal in the slightly vertical direction, and the reverse is not necessary by tilting to the critical angle of the total reflection (four), and the manufacturing cost is reduced. The focus of the parabolic mirror. By arranging 128 colors, light is obtained at a light transmittance of 40. The light-emitting diode is shifted to a light-emitting diode having a light-emitting intensity of 250 mcd at a position where the light does not block the reflected light of the parabolic mirror 6, and has a degree of 307 cd/m2. [Embodiment 3] 09910121-5 1013255177-0 1375774 _ /V July July vf曰修(more) replacement page July 5, 2012 correction Two-color parallel light person is shot to have convex reflection surface in both directions The embodiment of the light guide plate of the grating of 5 and color mixing is directed to the description of the illuminating lamp using the red light emitting diode and the green light emitting diode to synthesize yellow. The fourth embodiment will be described. According to the example of the refractive grating 15, an example in accordance with the reflective grating 4 will be described in the fifth embodiment. Although it is called the blue 彳 § ', it is correct green. The color blindness strategy is displayed in green with ▼ blue. The yellow signal is displayed in orange-orange with orange. Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view showing a light source in which green and red parallel light is incident on a reflection grating 4' having a convex reflection surface 5 in both directions, and green and red are mixed in a yellow signal and displayed in a yellow dial color. The top view is shown in Figure 33. The bottom surface of the light guide plate is formed into a triangular ridge toward the convex reflecting surface 5 in the two directions shown in FIG. Since the distance from the display surface of the lamp is about 5 πι or more, the grating cannot be recognized when the width of the convex reflection surface 5 is 5 mm or less, and when the red light and the green light are emitted by the convex reflection grating 4 at the same radiation angle in the same direction, Mixed color by addition does not produce stains. The two light source sections around the display surface are configured by the focal point of each of the eleven elliptical mirrors 8 and are formed by the parabolic mirror 6 and incident on one of the convex reflecting surfaces 5, and are formed in one of the light source sections. A green light-emitting diode is arranged, and a red light-emitting diode is disposed in the other light source portion. The pair of convex 'reflecting surfaces 5 are reflected at the same radiation angle in the same direction, and the concave refractive surface 11 of the surface of the light guide plate enlarges the light beam to a necessary radiation angle. Conventional radiation directing or crossing the road's directivity consumes current, but if the radiation range in the up and down direction is below the horizontal plane, the radiation angle in the left and right direction is ±45. The range can be reduced by about 1/4 of the current consumption. Therefore, even if the red and green components are arranged in half of one display surface, the necessary light can be obtained. 29.099101215 1013255177-0·1375774 20丨2 July 5曰 correction. If a cyan LED of 500 nm or less is used and mixed with a red LED, the line on the chromaticity coordinates is close to the white field and becomes pale yellow. Therefore, if a green light emitting diode of 500 nm or more is used, 61 〇ηιη In the above red light-emitting diode, the mixed color straight line is along the right edge surface of the horseshoe-shaped chromaticity coordinate, so that the rich yellow color can be mixed. - In the conventional 3 lamp, there are two lamps that receive the non-lighting of the sun, and the 'suspecting phenomenon of the difference in the degree of the shell is reduced'. In the color mixture by the refractive grating, the display surface is 1 lamp. Therefore, the suspected lighting phenomenon does not occur, and the light-emitting element 1' which can reduce the κ color can reduce the cost of the horn light by the reduction in the number of components caused by the directivity control. Because the well-known horn light is wide in directivity, it can not only see the signal on the side of the road, but also radiate it to the sky. Therefore, although the current consumption is increased, it can be reduced if it becomes a necessary directivity range. Current consumption can reduce manufacturing costs by reducing the number of components. In recent years, the luminous efficiency has been remarkably improved. However, the conventional display surface is marked by the luminescent element, and if the number of components is reduced, the display is more rough, and the number of components is difficult to reduce. However, since the width of the convex reflection grating 4 is not recognized, the whole is uniformly displayed. Therefore, the number of light-emitting elements can be reduced according to the control of the directivity and the luminous efficiency. [Embodiment 4] For the difference from the third embodiment, the red light-emitting diode and the cyan light-emitting diode are illustrated by the refractive grating 丨5. Synthetic yellow sign light. When the diameter of the unit shown in Fig. 34 is 25 mm, about 12 units can be arranged on the display surface having a diameter of 300 mm as shown in Fig. π. If there is a set of 8 pairs of 30 099Γ01215 10132:55177-0 1375774 / y July, 曰修 <more) is replacing the page 20 丨 2 years July 5 曰 correction grating 1 5, then become a single side 1. 5mm The wide comb shape is emitted from the single side of the grating into a comb shape when displayed in red or green. When the red light and the green light are emitted by the refractive grating 15 having a width of 1.5 mm, the grating cannot be recognized by the distance from the display surface of the signal light, and the color unevenness is not generated by the uniformity of the radiation direction. The means for emitting diffused light in the necessary directivity range is the concave lens array shown in Fig. 34. The concave lens array has a function of a dustproof and waterproof hood. [Embodiment 5] With respect to the difference from the third embodiment, a luminescent lamp in which the red light-emitting diode and the cyan light-emitting diode are combined into yellow by the reflection grating 4 will be described. When the reflection grating surface of the unit shown in FIG. 2 is formed into a 19 mm square shape, about 120 units of β can be arranged on the display surface having a diameter of 300 mm as shown in FIG. 36. If eight pairs of reflected light 4 are disposed, the side is 1.5 on one side. The convex reflecting surface 5 of mm width is emitted from the single side of the grating into a comb shape when displayed in red or green. When the red light and the green light are emitted by the reflection grating 4 having a width of 1.5 mm, the grating cannot be recognized by the distance from the display surface of the total lamp, and the color unevenness is not produced by the uniformity of the radiation direction. The reflection grating 4 expands the directivity by bending the reflection surface, and has the directivity of the size of the light-emitting element 1 plus the original radiation angle, and the setting surface of the reflection grating can be bent and the directivity can be set. Therefore, the curved surface of the reflection grating 4 can be set such that the directivity control according to the road condition has a characteristic of being wider than the convex reflection surface 5 of the light guide plate and/or the refractive surface of the light guide plate. Since the reflection grating 4 has a structure in which the light source portions are arranged, the space factor of the reflection surface is 60 Å. 3 1 099101215 .10132:55177-0- 1375774 'the 7-price daily repair (more) replacement page using the bullet-type light-emitting diodes · The display surface of the conventional lamp is revised on July 5, 2012' The point of the light-emitting element is noticeable. According to the shape of the lens, only the area ratio near the tip is about 50 » the accumulation ratio of the bright portion. [Embodiment 6] The use of the convex reflection surface 5 is used. The difference in the orthogonal direction is that the needle is to use a yellow phosphor in the blue emitter, and the color is mixed with the orange phosphor in the blue light-emitting diode, and the visible incident angle is satisfied. The angle of incidence T of the error angle caused by the size of the light source applied to the spotlight of the vehicle for the spotlight is about 6°. The front view of the cross-section lamp consisting of the reflection grating 4 of the radius of curvature face 5 of the formula 8 is shown in FIG. 38, where the angle of the valley is 28° and the angle of inclination of the valley is 20°, which is set to 14 mm. . The left and right phosphors are fluorescent white in the blue light-emitting diode. The orange phosphor is in the cyan light-emitting diode. A phosphor is placed in one of the focal points of the elliptical mirror. Since the parabolic mirror 6 in front of the excitation light is emitted from the rear, the surface occupied by the bright portion is a reflection grating 4 equal to or higher than the conventional one, and the radiation angle is described in the raster for the vehicle front light < Light source Photodiode fluorescent white light two Green light emitting diode fluorescent white light white light source. If you change the release, etc. The radiation angle of the direction is 10°, and if 4° is deducted, the angle of inclination of the oblique light to the top of the reflection grating 4 is 34°. If it is parallel to the reflective grating, the length of the thin rectangular rectangle is 40 mm. Fig. 37 shows a convex reflection of four pairs. Fig. 37 shows that one of the front light source portions of the vehicle is a fluorescent white light emitting diode using a yellow fluorescent color light emitting diode, and the other is a fluorescent white light emitting diode. The light-emitting element 1 is arranged such that the phosphor of the other focus emits fluorescence to the rear side of the parabolic mirror 6 by 099101215 1013255177-0 32 1375774. /year?丨月日修 (more) replacement page Corrected on July 5, 2012, the plane mirror changes direction and illuminates parallel light in the direction of the reflection grating 4. When a forward current of 40 mA (forwar (i current) flows to the light-emitting element 1', it becomes one unit composed of two light sources, 〇. 2 8 W, and the unit is used in the horizontal direction 11 columns, and the vertical direction 8 columns totals 88 units. A beam with a conversion efficiency of 6〇1 m/w and • 14801 m is obtained. The dimensions are i6〇mm in the horizontal direction and i70mm in the vertical direction. The spectrum showing the color mixture is shown in Fig. 39. If the next five columns are lit when the beam is crossed, it becomes 9201m, as shown in Fig. 38, if the cutoff line (cut〇ff Hne) is arranged in the unit configuration, the anti-glare effect given to the opposite vehicle can be increased. The reflection grating of the cut-off line is a combined elliptical mirror and a hyperbolic mirror. Fig. 38 is a view showing a state in which the vehicle on the left side is viewed from the front, and shows a state in which the upper three segments are turned off and the light beams are staggered. When the reflective grating 4 is made of a metal mirrored substrate 29' such as aluminum, heat dissipation can be used. The total loss of the traveling beam caused by the above-described configuration is 24.6 W. When the mounting space of 30 mm is provided around the array of the reflective grating 4, the size of the substrate 29 is 220 mm in the lateral direction and 230 mm in the longitudinal direction. A duct is provided at the rear of 29 In the case of wind speed or forced convection cooling with a wind speed of u = 10 m/s (36 km/h) or more, the temperature rises to about 25 ° C by the equation 11 '. The heat can be transmitted from the substrate 29 to the 'wall surface of the duct. In the case of heat dissipation, the temperature rise can be lowered or lowered from about 25 ° C. Since Equation 11 uses the physical property value of the air in the temperature of the substrate 29, it is necessary to repeat the calculation, and the physical properties in the vicinity of the convergence condition at 50 ° C are used. Prandtl number Pr: 0.71 Thermal conductivity Λ : 0. 0241 [W/mC ] Dynamic viscosity v : 1.86xl 〇 5 [m/s] 33 .099101215 1013255177 -0 1375774 ___ ~ Year? Month Day Repair (More) Replacement Page July 5, 2012 Revised Reynolds number Re, NusseU number!^, average heat transfer rate (average heat Transfer Fate:) α, temperature rise T can be obtained from Equation 11 ” Set the vertical dimension L and the horizontal dimension w of the substrate 29, and set the external empty 'temperature to 20 〇 C. [Formula 11] R e = υ · L·/ ν
N u = 0. 3 3 2 * V~R e · P r1/3 a = N u · λ/W T = P/ (1. 1 63 · a · L · w) [實施例七] 藉由圖22、圖23等說明使用三角錐的折射光柵15， 在3方向使用3種類的螢光轉換發光二極體的照明裝置的 實施例。第一螢光轉換發光二極體A為激發波長44Onm、 螢光波長55 Onm。第二螢光轉換發光二極體b為激發波長 475nm、螢光波長590nm。第三螢光轉換發光二極體c為激 發波長510nm、螢光波長590nm。因圖23為第一螢光轉換 發光二極體A與第二螢光轉換發光二極體b之間的剖面 圖’故第三螢光轉換發光二極體C未顯示。 發光元件ΙΑ、1B各自配設於軸外拋物面鏡6的焦點， 在紙面縱深方向各配設6個。藉由軸外拋物面鏡6轉換成 平行光’藉由分散配置於導光板24的反射面47反射並入 射到三角錐的折射光概15。 為了使放射角成約±10° ，將三角錐的折射光柵15的 射出面作成凹折射面。 099101215 1013255177-0 34 吻774 /。/年7月』曰修(更)正替換頁 20丨2年7月5日修正 若使1 OOdiA的正向電流流到各發光元件，則成為合計 W個光源、6.3W，得到轉換效率8〇lm/W、5001m的光束》 電路基板30是搭載發光元件的印刷電路板❶混色的光譜如 圖22所不為連續光譜的白色光。因可見光域的包絡線 Unvelope)近似於5500k的白色光，故適合求高的色彩再 現性，不包含紅外線避免溫度上升，避免因紫外線造成的 損傷之用途。 [實施例八] 說明使用三角錐的折射光柵，在3方向使用6色的發 光二極體的LED燈泡的實施例。圖26為透視主要部分之斜 視圖。為了照射到三角錐的折射光柵的3方向的光源為具 有朝在圖11說明的雙方向的凸反射面的導光板與雙方向 的光源顯示二角錐的折射光柵與具有朝雙方向的凸反射 面的導光板的到面圖於@ 28。具有朝雙方向的凸反射面的 導光板將來自兩方向的平行光擴大光束並反射在藉由導 光板射出面的凸折射面恢復成平行光後入射到三角錐的折 射光栅。因三角錐的折射光柵的射出光為平行光，故配設 凹折射面11並擴大光束成必要的放射角。放射角窄的情形 所示以凹折射面構成三角錐的折射光柵也可以。混 色的光°曰如圖31所示為連續光譜的白色光。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖 1 是 §§ ^ &觸不二角波狀的反射光柵之剖面圖。 圖 2 是 gg . 翔不二角波狀凸面反射光柵之侧視圖。 099101215 101325.5177-0' 1375774 /〇/年7月J·日修(更)正替換頁 2〇丨2年7月5曰修正 圖 圖3是顯示頂部傾斜角度、谷部傾斜角度與放射角之 圖 圖 置之圖 4是顯示由光源尺寸造成的放射角誤# 、左之圖。 5是顯示併用反射光栅與透射部的3 & v 巴條紋顯示裝 圖6是顯示組合凸三角錐的反射光柵與 w u二角錐的反 射光柵的構造之俯視圖。 圖7是顯示利用三角波狀的折射光栅進行的曰色之原 理圖。 的混色的原理 圖8是顯示利用三角錐的折射光栅進行 之斜視圖。 圖9是顯示組合凸三角錐的折射光柵與 、^二角雖的折 射光柵的構造之俯視圖。 圖10是顯示利用凸反射面進行的光東抵 不艰大之原理圖。 圖11是顯示利用成對的凸反射光柵進行的混色與放 射角之圖。 圖12是顯示併用凸反射面光柵與透 爾興边射部的多色條紋 的導光板之圖》 圖13是顯示併用ώ反射面光柵與透射部的兩層構造 的3色條紋的導光板之圖。 圖14是顯示將凸反射面光柵配置於導光板底面側的 一片構成的3色條紋的導光板之圖。 圖15是顯示一片構成的3色條紋導光板的主要部分擴 大圖。 099101215 1013255177-0 36 1375774 /。/年7月J日修(更)^替換頁 2012年7月5日修正 圖16是顯示擴散光的入射射出角之圖。 、圖17是顯示併用凸反射光柵與三角錐的折射光柵的 液日曰顯示裝置的導光板之剖面圖。 圖18是顯示由一個凸反射光栅照射到複數個三角錐 • 的折射光柵的液晶顯示裝置的導光板之剖面圖。 圖19是顯示在導光板的底面配置3種類的凸反射光 拇在導光板側面配置3種類的光源之俯視圖。 圖20是顯示併用凸反射光柵與三角錐的折射光栅的 液晶顯示裝置的導光板之剖面圖。 圖21是顯示由菱形次像素構成的6角形像素的液晶顯 不裝置之俯視圖。 圖22是顯示由3種類的榮光轉換發光二極體與三角錐 的折射光柵的混色構成的學之剖面圖。 圖23是顯示藉由3種類的螢光轉換發光二極體與凹面 的三角錐的折射光柵混色的燈之剖面圖。 圖24是顯示藉由凹透鏡使三角錐的折射/光栅的射出 光擴散之剖面圖。 .圖25是顯示藉由三角錐的折射光柵的凹折射面使射 出光擴散之剖面圖。 . 圖26是顯示由6種類的發光二極體與三角錐的折射光 栅的混色構成的燈之主要部分透視圖。 圖27是顯示由6種類的發光二極體與凹面的三角錐的 折射光柵的混色構成的燈之剖面圖。 圖28是顯示射出側的三角錐的折射光栅為兩色混色 37 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 知年7月I日修正替換頁 '2012年7月5日修正 折射光柵尺寸的兩倍的情形的混色之圖。 圖29是顯示以凹面的三角錐的折射光柵與導光板底 面的凸反射面擴大光束的燈之剖面圖。 圖30是顯示由3種類的螢光白色發光二極體的混色產 生的合成光譜之圖。 圖31是顯示由6種類的發光二極體的混色產生的合成 光譜之圖。 圖32是顯示以凸反射面擴大光束並混色的號誌燈的 實施例之剖面圖。 圖33是顯示以凸反射面擴大光束並混色的號tfe燈的 實施例之俯視圖。 圖34是顯示由三角波狀的折射光柵構成的混色裝置 之圖。 圖35是顯示由折射光柵構成的交通號誌燈的顯示面 之圖。 圖36是顯示由反射光柵構成的交通號誌燈的顯示面 之圖。 圖37是顯示凸面光柵單元之剖面圖。 圖38是顯示車輛用前照燈之前視圖。 圖39是顯示由2種類的螢光白色發光二極體的混色產 生的合成光譜之圖。 圖40是僅顯示由圓錐型散射面產生的習知的混色裝 置中的前方散射光之模式圖。 圖41是顯示使晶粒附近的反射鏡急遽傾斜，緩和色斑 38 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 &年7月I日修(更)正替換頁 20丨2年7月5日修正 並混色的封裝的習知例之圖。 圖42是顯示以45。的溝的界面全反射於液晶面板方 向的無彩色遽'光片的習知例之圖·。 圖43是顯示藉由條紋寬的積層導光體將3色光供給到 液晶條紋的習知例之圖。 圖44是顯示藉由配設於導光板的四角錐的傾斜面照 射3色光到規定的像素的習知例之圖。 圖45是顯示由梯田狀凸反射面導光板與條紋分配元 件構成的3色液晶顯示裝置的習知例之圖。 圖46是顯示使兩方向的光入射到直角稜鏡，並用帶通 鏡並混色的習知例之圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :發光元件 4 :反射光柵 5 :凸反射面 5A、5B、5C :凸反射面 6 :抛物面鏡 L橢圓鏡 9 :雙曲線鏡 10 :凸折射面 11 :凹折射面 15: 折射光柵 15A、15B、15C: 折射面 1 8 :透光物質 1 9 :平行光 20 : 擴散光 21 :凹面鏡 22 :凸面鏡 24: 導光板 27 :次像素 27A、27B、27C:次像素 28:液晶夹持基板 29: 基板 30 :電路基板 31 :谷部 32: 頂部 33 :空氣層 37:入射面 38: 支撐構件 099101215 1013255177-0 39 1375774 /。/年7月I曰修(更)正替換頁 3 9 :散射面 44 :四角錐 47 :帶通鏡 50 :基準面 4 0 :焦點 4 5 :入射光 48 :偏光板 51 :死角 2012年7月5日修正 42··溝 4 6 :光源 49:稜鏡 099101215 1013255177-0 40N u = 0. 3 3 2 * V~R e · P r1/3 a = N u · λ/WT = P/ (1. 1 63 · a · L · w) [Embodiment 7] With Figure 22 23 and the like, an embodiment of an illumination device using three types of fluorescent conversion light-emitting diodes in three directions will be described using a refractive grating 15 having a triangular pyramid. The first fluorescent conversion LED A has an excitation wavelength of 44 Onm and a fluorescence wavelength of 55 Onm. The second fluorescent conversion light-emitting diode b has an excitation wavelength of 475 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 590 nm. The third fluorescent conversion light-emitting diode c has an excitation wavelength of 510 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 590 nm. Since Fig. 23 is a cross-sectional view between the first fluorescent conversion LED A and the second fluorescent conversion LED b, the third fluorescent conversion LED C is not shown. Each of the light-emitting elements ΙΑ and 1B is disposed at the focus of the off-axis parabolic mirror 6, and six are disposed in the depth direction of the paper. The off-axis parabolic mirror 6 is converted into parallel light by reflecting the refracted light 15 incident on the triangular pyramid by the reflective surface 47 dispersedly disposed on the light guide plate 24. In order to make the radiation angle about ±10°, the exit surface of the refractive grating 15 of the triangular pyramid is made into a concave refractive surface. 099101215 1013255177-0 34 kiss 774 /. / July, 曰 曰 ( ( 更 替换 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 丨 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若 若〇lm/W, 5001 m light beam The circuit board 30 is a printed circuit board on which a light-emitting element is mounted, and the spectrum of the mixed color is white light of a continuous spectrum as shown in FIG. Since the envelope of the visible light region (Unvelope) is approximately 5500k white light, it is suitable for high color reproducibility, and does not contain infrared rays to avoid temperature rise and avoid damage caused by ultraviolet rays. [Embodiment 8] An embodiment of an LED bulb using a six-color light-emitting diode in three directions will be described using a refractive grating of a triangular pyramid. Figure 26 is a perspective view of the main portion of the perspective. The light source in the three directions for illuminating the refractive grating of the triangular pyramid is a refractive grating having a convex reflecting surface facing the bidirectional direction illustrated in FIG. 11 and a birefringent refractive index of the bidirectional light source and a convex reflecting surface having a bidirectional direction. The front view of the light guide is at @28. The light guide plate having the convex reflecting surfaces in the two directions expands the parallel light from both directions and reflects the light beam incident on the triangular cone by the convex refractive surface of the light exit surface of the light guide plate. Since the light emitted from the refractive grating of the triangular pyramid is parallel light, the concave refractive surface 11 is disposed and the light beam is enlarged to have a necessary radiation angle. In the case where the radiation angle is narrow, a refractive grating in which a concave refractive surface forms a triangular pyramid may be used. The color of the mixed color is shown in Fig. 31 as a white light of a continuous spectrum. [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a §§ ^ & Figure 2 is a side view of a gg. Xiang Duo wave-like convex reflection grating. 099101215 101325.5177-0' 1375774 /〇/年July JJ·日修(more) replacement page 2〇丨2年July 5曰Revision diagram Figure 3 is a diagram showing the top inclination angle, the valley inclination angle and the radiation angle Figure 4 is a diagram showing the radiation angle error # and the left image caused by the size of the light source. 5 is a 3 & v bar-strip display device for displaying and using a reflection grating and a transmissive portion. Fig. 6 is a plan view showing a configuration of a reflection grating of a combined convex triangular pyramid and a reflective grating of a w u-diagonal pyramid. Fig. 7 is a view showing the principle of bleed by a triangular wave-shaped refractive grating. Principle of color mixing Figure 8 is a perspective view showing a refractive grating using a triangular pyramid. Fig. 9 is a plan view showing the structure of a refractive grating combining a convex triangular pyramid and a refractive grating of a double angle. Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing that the light made by the convex reflecting surface is not difficult. Fig. 11 is a view showing a color mixture and a radiation angle by using a pair of convex reflection gratings. Fig. 12 is a view showing a light guide plate using a multi-color stripe of a convex reflection grating and a Perlex edge portion. Fig. 13 is a view showing a three-color stripe light guide plate having a two-layer structure of a reflective grating and a transmissive portion. Figure. Fig. 14 is a view showing a light guide plate of a three-color stripe in which a convex reflection grating is disposed on the bottom surface side of the light guide plate. Fig. 15 is a main-portion enlarged view showing a three-color stripe light guide plate of one piece. 099101215 1013255177-0 36 1375774 /. / July, J, repair (more) ^ replacement page July 5, 2012 correction Figure 16 is a diagram showing the incident exit angle of diffused light. Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a light guide plate of a liquid corona display device using a convex reflection grating and a triangular cone refractive grating. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a light guide plate of a liquid crystal display device which is irradiated to a plurality of triangular pyramids by a convex reflection grating. Fig. 19 is a plan view showing three types of light sources arranged on the bottom surface of the light guide plate, and three types of light sources are disposed on the side surface of the light guide plate. Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a light guide plate of a liquid crystal display device using a convex reflection grating and a triangular cone refractive grating. Fig. 21 is a plan view showing a liquid crystal display device of a hexagonal pixel composed of diamond-shaped sub-pixels. Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing the color mixture of three types of refracting light-emitting diodes and triangular cones. Fig. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a lamp in which three kinds of fluorescent conversion light-emitting diodes are mixed with a concave triangular refractive index grating. Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing the diffusion of the triangular pyramid by the concave lens and the light emitted from the grating. Fig. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing the diffusion of the emitted light by the concave refractive surface of the refractive grating of the triangular pyramid. Fig. 26 is a perspective view showing a main portion of a lamp comprising a mixture of six types of light-emitting diodes and a refractive grating of a triangular pyramid. Fig. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a lamp comprising a mixture of six types of light-emitting diodes and a concave triangular pyramidal refractive grating. Fig. 28 is a view showing a case where the refractive grating of the triangular pyramid on the exit side is a two-color mixed color 37 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774, and the mixed color of the modified refraction raster on July 5, 2012 Figure. Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view showing a lamp in which a refractive beam is enlarged by a concave triangular pyramid and a convex reflecting surface on the bottom surface of the light guide plate. Fig. 30 is a view showing a synthesized spectrum produced by color mixing of three types of fluorescent white light-emitting diodes. Fig. 31 is a view showing a synthesized spectrum produced by color mixing of six types of light-emitting diodes. Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a horn lamp in which a light beam is enlarged by a convex reflecting surface and mixed. Fig. 33 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a tfe lamp in which a light beam is enlarged by a convex reflecting surface and mixed. Fig. 34 is a view showing a color mixing device composed of a triangular wave-shaped refractive grating. Fig. 35 is a view showing a display surface of a traffic light lamp composed of a refractive grating. Fig. 36 is a view showing a display surface of a traffic light lamp constituted by a reflection grating. Figure 37 is a cross-sectional view showing a convex grating unit. Figure 38 is a front view showing a headlight for a vehicle. Fig. 39 is a view showing a synthesized spectrum produced by color mixing of two types of fluorescent white light-emitting diodes. Fig. 40 is a schematic view showing only forward scattered light in a conventional color mixing device produced by a conical scattering surface. Figure 41 is a diagram showing that the mirror near the crystal grain is tilted sharply, and the color spot is relaxed. 38 099101215 1013255177-0 1375774 & July, I-day repair (more) replacement page 20丨2 July 5th correction and color mixing package A diagram of a conventional example. Figure 42 is shown at 45. A diagram of a conventional example in which the interface of the groove is totally reflected in the achromatic color of the liquid crystal panel. Fig. 43 is a view showing a conventional example in which three color lights are supplied to liquid crystal stripes by a laminated light guide having a wide stripe. Fig. 44 is a view showing a conventional example of illuminating three colors of light to a predetermined pixel by an inclined surface of a quadrangular pyramid disposed on a light guide plate. Fig. 45 is a view showing a conventional example of a three-color liquid crystal display device comprising a terrace-like convex reflecting surface light guide plate and a stripe distributing member. Fig. 46 is a view showing a conventional example in which light in both directions is incident on a right angle 稜鏡, and a band mirror is used and mixed. [Description of main component symbols] 1 : Light-emitting element 4 : Reflection grating 5 : convex reflection surface 5A, 5B, 5C : convex reflection surface 6 : parabolic mirror L elliptical mirror 9 : hyperbolic mirror 10 : convex refractive surface 11 : concave refractive surface 15: Refractive grating 15A, 15B, 15C: refractive surface 18: light-transmitting material 1 9 : parallel light 20 : diffused light 21 : concave mirror 22 : convex mirror 24 : light guide plate 27 : sub-pixel 27A, 27B, 27C: sub-pixel 28 : Liquid crystal holding substrate 29: Substrate 30: Circuit substrate 31: Valley 32: Top 33: Air layer 37: Incidence surface 38: Support member 099101215 1013255177-0 39 1375774 /. / July, I repair (more) is replacing page 3 9: scattering surface 44: square pyramid 47: bandpass mirror 50: reference plane 4 0: focus 4 5: incident light 48: polarizing plate 51: dead end 2012 7 Correction on the 5th of the month 42··Ditch 4 6 : Light source 49: 稜鏡099101215 1013255177-0 40