1239133 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種靜態轉供之快速異常電壓偵測方、去 及裝置’係一種應用於雙電源系統中，用以痛測主電源之 三相電壓有無異常情況而可快速切換至輔助電源者。 【先前技術】 一般在商業或工業之配電系統中，大部份是利用機械 式的自動切換開關在兩個獨立的供電電源之間進行切換 一般而g，使用機械式切換開關進行切換需要2至1 〇利 的時間才能將電力自故障或斷電之饋線端轉移至自備發電1239133 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a fast abnormal voltage detection method and device for static transfer, which is used in a dual power supply system to painfully measure the third of the main power supply. If there is any abnormality in the phase voltage, you can quickly switch to the auxiliary power supply. [Previous technology] Generally, in commercial or industrial power distribution systems, most of them use mechanical automatic switch to switch between two independent power supplies. Generally, g, mechanical switch requires 2 to 10 hours before the power can be transferred from the feeder end of the fault or outage to its own power generation
統，對於較敏感型之負載而言，並無法符合由資訊技術產 業協會（Information Technology industry c〇uncU ITIC)所制定之CBEMA曲線及半導體設備製造商建議之 SEMI F47之要求。至於以閘流體為主要切換元件之靜態快 速切換開關（Static Transfer Switch, STS),其切換速产 係取決於電壓擾動偵測所需時間與換相所需時間。、又 请參見第三圖所示，為一雙電源供電系統之架構示音 圖，主電源饋線（5 1 )與一輔助電源饋線（5 2 )之 間係藉由一切靖（5 3)作為供電電源切換元件，合 線（5 1 )電壓異常時，電力係轉由辅助電： 貝次（5 2 )，經由一匯流排（5 4 )供應 =常、驟降的原因可能來自於電力系統受雷擊突=響 或疋設備故障所導致。 ’、警 至於如何偵測異常電壓 的發生及控制前述切換開關 ( 1239133 、、則之雷動# β參閱第四圖所示’係為—習用異常電壓偵 ;路方塊圖，主電源饋線（51)所輸出之三相電壓 中Vbe Vea ’係利用—均方根值計算電路（6 0 )求 '、均方根值V，。該均方根值V·係輸入至一減法器（For the more sensitive load, it cannot meet the CBEMA curve established by the Information Technology Industry CouncU ITIC and the requirements of SEMI F47 recommended by semiconductor equipment manufacturers. As for the static transfer switch (STS) with the brake fluid as the main switching element, its switching speed depends on the time required for voltage disturbance detection and the time required for commutation. Please also refer to the third figure, which is a sound diagram of the structure of a dual power supply system. The main power feeder (5 1) and an auxiliary power feeder (5 2) are connected by all the power (5 3) as Power supply switching element, when the line (5 1) voltage is abnormal, the power system will switch to auxiliary power: Bayes (5 2), supply via a bus (5 4) = constant, the reason for the sudden drop may come from the power system Lightning strike = loud or 疋 caused by equipment failure. ', The police as to how to detect the occurrence of abnormal voltage and control the aforementioned switch (1239133 ，， 则 之 雷动 # β refer to the fourth figure') is-conventional abnormal voltage detection; road block diagram, main power feeder (51) Among the three-phase voltages that are output, Vbe Vea is calculated using a rms value calculation circuit (60), and the rms value V. The rms value V · is input to a subtractor (
與第一參考電壓V ia 77 lU A ref相互比杈，進而得到一第一誤 Z '此第力差彳5號卜係再輸人至—-階低通滤波 ^ 2 )以求出一第二誤差信號~。該第二誤差信號 erd係輸入至一比較器（6 3)與一第二參考信號U較 二匕較器（6 3 )即依據此兩輸入參數送出—切換信號。 右一相電壓有異常情況時，該切換信號即控制前述切換開 關（53)自主電源饋、線（51)轉換至輔助 5 2)。 當月丨J述三相電壓Vh、 Vi_ 、 v 文义丄 ab Vbc 發生不平衡故障時， 可於電壓分析過程中發現故障電壓包含有正序成分、負序 成分及零序成分。惟前述一階低通濾波器（6 2 )並無法 有效濾除其中的負序成分，導致異常電壓偵測時間加長。 再者負序成分當中的漣波(咖61)成分極易誤觸發前述比 較器（6 3 ) ’使其輸出一錯誤的切換信號。 由上述說明可知，目前利用單一濾波器判斷電壓有無 異常情況發生之方式係無法去除負序成分，而使得電力切 換時間延長甚至產生誤動作，這些問題顯然極待 【發明内容】 為此’本發明之主要目的係提供一種靜態轉供之快速 異常電壓偵測方法及裝置’可有效濾除異常電壓中之負序 1239133 成分進而縮短異當雷厭 統之間的錯誤二之偵測反應時間’並避免兩電力系 快速ί目的抓取的技術手段係令前述靜態轉供之 h逑異兩電壓偵測方法為·· V,Compare it with the first reference voltage Via 77 lU A ref, and then get a first error Z 'this first force difference 彳 # 5, and then input to-order low-pass filtering ^ 2) to find a first Second error signal ~. The second error signal erd is input to a comparator (6 3) and a second reference signal U to the second comparator (6 3), and a switching signal is sent according to the two input parameters. When there is an abnormality in the voltage of the right phase, the switching signal controls the aforementioned switching switch (53) to switch from the autonomous power supply and line (51) to auxiliary 5). During the month, the three-phase voltages Vh, Vi_, and v are described. Ab Vbc When an unbalance fault occurs, it can be found in the voltage analysis process that the fault voltage contains a positive sequence component, a negative sequence component, and a zero sequence component. However, the aforementioned first-order low-pass filter (62) cannot effectively remove the negative sequence components therein, resulting in a longer abnormal voltage detection time. Furthermore, the ripple (Ca 61) component in the negative sequence component is apt to trigger the comparator (6 3) ′ erroneously to cause it to output a wrong switching signal. From the above description, it can be known that the current method for determining whether an abnormal voltage occurs with a single filter is that the negative sequence component cannot be removed, and the power switching time is prolonged or even erroneous. These problems obviously need to be solved. [SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION] The main purpose is to provide a fast abnormal voltage detection method and device for static transfer, which can effectively filter out the negative sequence 1239133 components in abnormal voltages, thereby shortening the detection response time of error 2 between abnormalities and anomalies, and avoiding them. The technical means for rapid capture of the two electric power systems is to make the aforementioned two static voltage detection methods different. V,
V ab be 均方根值計算，係求出三相f源電壓V 之均方根值信號vFras; 序漣慮除，係遽除該均方根值㈣v⑽當中之負 ，擾動雜訊去除，係去除該均方根值信號v⑴當中之電 壓暫態成分及高頻諸波成分 反成刀而產生一脈寬信號； 信號比較，係將前述脈寬信號與—容忍準位信號加以 比較’據此產生一切換信號。 詈孫:!施上述方法’ 5亥靜態轉供之快速異常電壓偵測裝 置係包含有： 一均方根值計算電路，㈣輸人之三相電壓vab、Vbc 、vea轉換為一均方根值信號v ·V ab be root-mean-square value calculation is to obtain the root-mean-square value signal vFras of the three-phase f-source voltage V; the order ripple division is to remove the negative of the root-mean-square value ㈣v⑽, remove the disturbance noise, and Remove the voltage transient component and the high-frequency various wave components in the root-mean-square signal v⑴ to generate a pulse width signal. The signal comparison is to compare the aforementioned pulse width signal with the tolerance level signal. Generate a switching signal.詈 孙:! Apply the above method '5 Hai static transfer of fast abnormal voltage detection device includes: a rms value calculation circuit, the three-phase voltage vab, Vbc, vea input into a rms Value signal v
ϋ r rms J 一負序成分遽除單元’係連接前述均方根值計算電路 之輸出’用以遽除均方根值信號v⑽中之負序成分； 一擾動雜訊去除單元，係去除該均方根值信號V中之 電壓暫態及電壓高頻譜波信號，並產生一脈寬信號二ϋ r rms J a negative-sequence component removing unit 'is connected to the output of the root-mean-square value calculation circuit' to remove the negative-sequence component in the root-mean-square value signal v⑽; a disturbance noise removing unit is to remove the The voltage transient and voltage high-spectrum wave signal in the rms value signal V, and generate a pulse width signal two
一比較單元’係將前述脈寬信號erd與-容忍準位信 號Etol進行比較，並據以輸出—切換信號。 D 前述負序成分渡除單元係為一帶拒渡波器，其載 率範圍為100Hz〜200Hz ; 1239133 前述擾動雜訊去除單元係為一低通滤波器， 率範圍為150Hz〜600Hz。 >、截止頻 【實施方式】 本發明係為一種靜態轉供之快速 ^ ^ 穴疋兴吊冤壓偵測方法及 、，在以下說明中將對其結構及動作原理加以詳細介紹 ，惟各電路及單元除可利用硬體方式實施外 ^ 體設計方式實現。 』猎宙孝人 μ參見第-圖所示，為本發明電壓偵測 塊圖，其包含有： 1之木構方 -均方根值計算電路（1。），係將輸入之三相電壓 ab、 Vbc、 Vca轉換為一均方根值信號V ; 一負序成分濾、除單元（21)，係^接前述均方根值 计算電路（1 0)之輸出，用以滤除均方根值信號v中之 負序成分，於此實施例中，該負序成分滤除單元（2P 係由-帶拒遽波器(notchfilter)組成，其 100Hz〜200HZ，以有效過濾負序成份； 牛了為 一擾動雜訊去除單元7么丄人 千几I Z 2 )，係去除該均方根值信 號、中之電壓暫態及電壓高頻諸波信號，並產生一脈寬信 唬erd ’該擾動雜訊去除單元（ ^ ^ ( 2 2 )係以一低通濾波器構A comparison unit 'compares the aforementioned pulse width signal erd with the -tolerance level signal Etol and outputs a -switching signal accordingly. D The aforementioned negative-sequence component elimination unit is a band rejector with a load range of 100 Hz to 200 Hz; 1239133 The aforementioned disturbance noise removal unit is a low-pass filter with a rate range of 150 Hz to 600 Hz. > Cut-off frequency [Embodiment] The present invention is a fast method for detecting static pressure of confession. ^ ^ The structure and operation principle will be described in detail in the following description. Circuits and units can be implemented in hardware, except for hardware implementation. 『Hunting filial piety man μ』 Refer to the figure-this is the voltage detection block diagram of the present invention, which contains: 1 wooden square-root mean square value calculation circuit (1.), is the three-phase voltage input ab, Vbc, Vca are converted into a rms value signal V; a negative-sequence component filtering and dividing unit (21) is connected to the output of the aforementioned rms value calculation circuit (1 0) to filter the rms The negative-sequence component in the root value signal v. In this embodiment, the negative-sequence component filtering unit (2P is composed of a -band rejection filter (notchfilter), 100Hz ~ 200HZ, to effectively filter the negative-sequence component; This is a perturbation noise removal unit 7 and a few thousand IZ 2), which removes the rms value signal, the voltage transient in the voltage, and the high-frequency voltage wave signals, and generates a pulse width signal erd ' The disturbance noise removing unit (^ ^ (2 2) is constructed by a low-pass filter
成’該低通渡波器之階數則不加以限制，其截止頻率範圍 可為150HZ~600Hz ; 只午軌W 一比較單元（3G) ’係將前述擾動雜訊去除單元（ 22)所輸出之脈寬㈣h與一容忍準位信號Etol(包含 —上限準位值及一下限準位值）進行比較，並據以輸出- 1239133 十刀換信號。 本發明之特點即在 9 1 』 社於厂J時知用一負序成分濾除單元（ 匕1 )與一擾動雜訊去除單元r 9 Q、 生不平你从立 除早^(22)，故當三相電壓發 將加以遽除P早時’均方根值信冑VP #中的負序達波成分 利用擾Π M降低其造成的電屋偵測時間延遲；再者， 之諸波等2去除單元（2 2)料消除均方根值信號π 。該自庄〔、擾動雜訊，藉以提高異常電壓判斷之準確率 2 )二去成刀濾除早70 (2 1 )與擾動雜訊去除單元（2 ㈣：八：：串聯方式連接，惟兩者之連接順序係可互相 =心r信號^先去除擾動雜訊後’再進入負 序成分的濾除處理。 靜:^方根值計算電路（ι〇)其一可行實施例係以 轉㈣路（ιι)、-旋轉座標軸轉換電路 及彳异電路（13)組成。首先，將三相電源 ς戒vab、vbc、vca經過乘法運算轉換至靜止座標轴 (StaWy Fr賺）之交軸（⑻及直軸（ds)，其中在靜止 座標軸下，電壓交直軸成分計算公式如下： \Vab-TVbc--Vca τ， 2 1 〗 ·"The order of the low-pass ferrule is not limited, and its cut-off frequency range can be 150HZ ~ 600Hz; only the mid-orbit W-a comparison unit (3G) 'is the output of the aforementioned disturbance noise removal unit (22) The pulse width ㈣h is compared with a tolerance level signal Etol (including-upper limit level value and lower limit level value), and the -1239133 ten-tool change signal is output accordingly. The characteristic of the present invention is that at 9 1 ′, the company knows that a negative-sequence component filtering unit (Dagger 1) and a disturbance noise removing unit r 9 Q are used when the company is in the factory. Therefore, when the three-phase voltage is generated, the early-root-mean-square value of VP # will be eliminated, and the negative-sequence arrival wave component in VP # will reduce the electrical house detection time delay caused by disturbance M. Furthermore, the waves The 2 removing unit (2 2) is expected to remove the root mean square signal π. The Zhuangzhuang [, disturbing noise, to improve the accuracy of abnormal voltage judgment 2) two to a knife filter early 70 (2 1) and the disturbance noise removal unit (2 ㈣: eight :: connected in series, but two The connection order of the two can be mutual = heart r signal ^ first remove the disturbance noise and then enter the filtering process of negative sequence components. Static: ^ square root value calculation circuit (ι〇) One possible embodiment is to convert Circuit (ιι),-Rotary coordinate axis conversion circuit and strange circuit (13). First, the three-phase power supply or vab, vbc, vca is multiplied and converted to the axis of the stationary coordinate axis (StaWy Fr earning) (⑻ And the direct axis (ds), where the formula of the voltage-crossing direct axis component under the static coordinate axis is as follows: \ Vab-TVbc--Vca τ, 2 1 〖·
Vds T3Vbc + —F V3 Cfl 接著將Vqs與Vds經過乘法運算轉換至旋轉座椤軸 ing Frame)之交軸(qe)直軸(de)，其中旋轉座‘軸 下電壓交直軸成分計算公式如丁： F# =cos 奴·、—sin 奴·Κώ Vde = sin^ · Vqs + cos^ · Vd5 1239133 八中Sin t及COst為與市電同步之正弦與餘弦信號 最後將付到之旋轉座標軸下直軸電壓Vde與交軸電壓 Vqe平方和開根號，便得到電壓均方根值。 為證明本發明相較於習用異常電壓谓測方法更能縮短 反應時間，請參閱附件一A、B兩圖所示，係模擬市電電 壓發生單相接地故障時(不平衡故障），A圖係習用電壓判 斷方式之量測波形，而B圖則採用本發明之量測波形，於 A、B圖中，不同顏色之波形其代表的意義各為： 藍色：切換信號 紅色··電壓比較基準值 黃色：實際電壓值 綠色：交流輸入電壓Vab 由圖中可看出當交流輸入電壓（綠色）一旦發生異常 接地時’切換信號（藍色）冑由高準位轉成低準位以控制 切換開關，然而就習用方式來看其偵測所需時間（τ)約 為14，反觀本發明僅須以2〜3ms即可完成偵測動作 ’於短時間内令切換信號改變其準位。 而在附件二的C、D兩圖，係模擬市電電壓發生三相 接地故障（平衡故障）’C圖係為f时式之波形而_ 則為本發明之波形，習用異常電壓谓測所需時間約為9ms ’而本發明所須時間則僅為2ms。 請參見第二圖所示，係本發明將電壓均方根值Vp利 用軟體轉換為可供比較之脈寬信號er之流程方塊圖，在轉 1239133 換過程中，電壓均方根值Vp (以χ[η]表示）係經計算式處 而模擬為濾波後之電壓均方根值~ (以γ[η]表示），在 汁算過耘中，係將目前所得的數值Υ [ η ]回代至計算式。此 濾波後之電壓均方根值er係輸入至一比較器與一上限值 v、upp與—下限值v⑽進行比對，當高於上限值Vupp或是低 於下限值vL0W時，比較器將輸出一高電壓準位信號作為切 換信號。 ^綜上所述，本發明靜態轉供之快速異常電壓偵測技術 係能於最短時間内判斷出目前電力系統中之三相電源有無 任何異常狀況發生，且將誤判機率降至最低。當實際應用 於雙電源系統巾時，係可快速於將電力供應自故障的主電 源側切換至輔助電源，以確保負載能持續獲得正常電力， 相較於習知技術，故本發明於倶足專利要件前提之下，爰 依法提出申請。 【圖式簡單說明】 (一）圖式部分 第一圖：係本發明靜態轉供之快速異常電壓偵測裝置 其架構方塊圖。 第二圖：係本發明將電壓肖方根值轉換為脈寬信號之 流程方塊圖。 第三圖··係習用-雙電源系統之切換架構示意圖。 第四圖·係習用異常電壓债測電路之方塊圖。 附件一：係本發明與習用異常電壓偵測方法於單相接 地故障時之波形圖。 1239133 附件二··係本發明與習用異常電壓偵測方法於三相接 地故障時之波形圖。 (二）元件代表符號 (1 〇)均方根值計算電路 (1 1 )靜止座標軸轉換電路 (1 2 )旋轉止座標軸轉換電路 (1 3 )計算電路 (2 1 )負序成分濾除單元 (22)擾動雜訊去除單元 (3 0 )比較單元 (5 1 )主電源饋線 （5 2 )輔助電源饋線 (5 3 )切換開關 （5 4 )匯流排 (6 0 )均方根值計算電路 （6 1 )減法器 (6 2 ) —階低通遽波器（6 3 )比較器Vds T3Vbc + —F V3 Cfl Then multiply Vqs and Vds and convert them to the quadrature axis (qe) and the straight axis (de) of the rotary frame's y-axis frame. : F # = cos slave, —sin slave · Κώ Vde = sin ^ · Vqs + cos ^ · Vd5 1239133 Sin t and COst of the Eighth Middle School are the sine and cosine signals synchronized with the mains voltage. The root-mean-square value of the voltage is obtained by summing the square of Vde and the quadrature-axis voltage Vqe. In order to prove that the present invention can shorten the response time more than the conventional abnormal voltage measurement method, please refer to the two diagrams in A and B of the Annex I. It is a simulation of a single-phase ground fault (unbalance fault) of the mains voltage. The measurement waveforms of the conventional voltage judgment method are used, and the measurement waveforms of the present invention are used in Figure B. In Figures A and B, the waveforms of different colors have the following meanings: Blue: Switching signal red. Voltage reference Value yellow: Actual voltage value Green: AC input voltage Vab It can be seen from the figure that when the AC input voltage (green) is abnormally grounded, the 'switching signal (blue)' is changed from a high level to a low level to control the switching The switch, however, according to the conventional method, the detection time (τ) is about 14; on the other hand, the present invention only needs to complete the detection operation in 2 ~ 3ms, so that the switching signal changes its level in a short time. In the two diagrams C and D in Annex II, the three-phase ground fault (balanced fault) of the simulated mains voltage is shown. The C diagram is a waveform of the time-type and _ is the waveform of the present invention. The abnormal voltage is used for measurement. The required time is about 9ms' and the time required by the present invention is only 2ms. Please refer to the second figure, which is a block diagram of the process for converting the voltage root-mean-square value Vp into a comparable pulse width signal er by software in the present invention. During the 1239133 conversion process, the voltage root-mean-square value Vp χ [η] means) is calculated as the root mean square value of the voltage after filtering through the calculation formula ~ (represented by γ [η]). In the calculation, the current value Υ [η] is returned. Substitute it into a calculation. The rms voltage er after this filtering is input to a comparator and compared with an upper limit value v, upp and —lower limit value v ，. The comparator will output a high-voltage level signal as a switching signal. ^ In summary, the rapid abnormal voltage detection technology of the static transfer of the present invention can determine whether there is any abnormal condition of the three-phase power supply in the current power system in the shortest time, and minimize the probability of misjudgment. When it is actually applied to a dual power supply system, it can quickly switch the power supply from the faulty main power supply side to the auxiliary power supply to ensure that the load can continue to obtain normal power. Compared with the conventional technology, the present invention is sufficient. Under the prerequisites of patents, the application was filed in accordance with the law. [Brief description of the drawings] (1) Schematic part The first diagram: a block diagram of the structure of the fast abnormal voltage detection device for static transfer of the present invention. The second figure is a block diagram of the process of converting the voltage root square value into a pulse width signal according to the present invention. The third picture is a schematic diagram of the switching architecture of a conventional-dual power system. The fourth figure is a block diagram of a conventional abnormal voltage debt measurement circuit. Attachment 1: The waveform diagrams of the present invention and the conventional abnormal voltage detection method when single-phase ground faults occur. 1239133 Attachment 2 is a waveform diagram of the present invention and the conventional abnormal voltage detection method when a three-phase ground fault occurs. (2) Element representative symbol (10) Root mean square value calculation circuit (1 1) Static coordinate axis conversion circuit (1 2) Rotational coordinate axis conversion circuit (1 3) Calculation circuit (2 1) Negative sequence component filtering unit ( 22) Disturbance noise removal unit (3 0) comparison unit (5 1) main power feeder (5 2) auxiliary power feeder (5 3) switch (5 4) bus (6 0) rms value calculation circuit ( 6 1) Subtractor (6 2) — order low-pass chirper (6 3) comparator
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