TWI227185B - Manufacturing method of a fire retardant plywood - Google Patents

Abstract

This new invention relates to a plywood manufacturing process that produces fire retardant plywood. The main idea is to impregnate fire retardants into rotalathed veneers via a full cell process. Melamine-urea adhesives is then applied on the veneer before room temperature press and hot press as well are conducted. Afire-retardant plywood is thus made. The moisture content and hygroscopicity of fire retardant. Plywoods can meet the Chinese National Standards. This fire retardant plywood's of this invention are applied for the interior finish material of buildings.

Description

1227185 Amendment No. 89Π7566 V. Description of the Invention (1) I. Introduction Wood is a biological material composed of many cells: there are many excellent materials that regulate the temperature and humidity of the environment. Since ancient times, wood has been Loved by human beings. Materials such as furniture, construction and interior decoration. Choosing Your Home In recent years, Taiwan's economy has grown rapidly, developed, and overpopulated, which has led to the rapid acquisition of architectural metropolitan areas, specialization, special structures, and complex equipment. Second, repairing clothes and using more paper, plastic, and wood. , People ^ /, to the inside of which wood accounts for the bulk. Wood is made of carbon: hydrogen :: 4 可 :: material, which is flammable, and its element is the main component: fire, which will cause the statistics of Erdan and Erbu in a short time, in recent years The frequency of fires coming to Taiwan is trending. Among them, most of them are caused by materials. The annual increase in domestic public safety issues is endless, and the government pays attention to them. Jian Fire Research and Training, and in 1984 7. Yemen actively started to implement the announcement on August 11 of the following year. Since then, the design and construction of the 8: 嗔 pass must be in strict accordance with the relevant buildings of the Fire Protection Law to protect the lives and property of the people. The implementation of plywood in the public safety wood board category right | up to the development of industry. In recent years, due to a shortage of log sources, 1 large shell dedicated to Taiwan ’s timber, and many other factors, making plywood workers = appreciation and labor prosperity, but plywood is the most important building material for interior decoration, = glory is no longer the past. In order to cope with this problem, strengthen the raw material door; develop with 2 required phases, use conifers

Page 6 1227185 __Case No. 89117566_ Year, month, day, and amendment 5. V. INTRODUCTION TO THE INVENTION (2) It is an inevitable trend that middle and small diameter woods are used as middle layer materials, and timely updating of automatic machine equipment is also very important. At present, the domestic production of flame-retardant plywood only accounts for a small part of the total production of plywood. It is speculated that the main reason is that the price is too high and the willingness to consume is not high. Secondly, the technology of manufacturing flame retardant plywood in the factory needs to be improved and the cost problem also affects the smooth flow of production and sales. In terms of manufacturing technology, factors such as the type of glue, the amount of cloth glue, the board making conditions, the compatibility of the tree species and the glue with the flame retardant, and even the thickness of the board need to be considered one by one. The inventors and others have thoroughly discussed the manufacture of flame-resistant plywood and the effect of improving its flame resistance.

Repair flame-retardant plywood has not been studied yet. Three-thick thick plywood is mostly used for wall decoration (nail flat) wooden floor construction, bedboards, and compartments in interior decoration. It is necessary to be flame-resistant. Therefore, the manufacturing conditions must be further discussed. In order to obtain the optimal conditions and product quality. For this purpose, the most commonly used eucalyptus (front and bottom) and radiant pine (middle-layer materials) are used as test materials. They have been tested by the National Standard of the Republic of China and (CNS-4182 Type C) flame retardants and two types of water capacity. " The flame retardant is injected under the pressure of the cell-filled method (FuU ceU "CD⑽ ^ melon pregnation), and then the three-thickness of the flame retardant plywood is tested by CNS-6532. Level as the benchmark, conduct surface burning test and related properties, two: the flame resistance improvement effect of each treatment material, to evaluate the minimum absorption required of the agent when passing the flame resistance level 3 of the standard at the time of grasping. Analyze the characteristics and tests of the board, flame retardant and hardener used in the fire-resistant plywood as follows: glue extender (I), test material 1 · single board: • 1227185

No. 1 89117566 V. Description of the invention (3) Red lauan (Shorea sd) silk has a specific gravity of 0.48 to 0.50, a moisture content of 10 to 12%, and a thickness of 0.2 reverse sheet = dry cut into an area of 30 x 30 (cnf), used as the base plate of the plywood. Slave veneer with Pinus radiata, air-dry specific gravity 0 ~ 0.50, moisture content 7 ~ 10%, medium plate thickness 2 55_, deputy medium plate thickness ^ 2.50mm 'The single plate is also cut into an area 3 〇χ 3〇 (cnf), to the middle plate, vice middle plate. / 、 Yier δ board 2 · Flame retardant:

There are three types of CNS-4182, wood-based flame retardants, (Type C) and two kinds of self-assembled flame retardants. Its main components and basic properties are shown in (Table 1). 3. Adhesive: Urea formaldehyde resin (UF for short). It is a milky white viscous liquid; its solid content is 56 · 〇%; it has formalin (formaldehyde) irritating taste; viscosity is 163cps (27 ° C); pH: 7.8 (27 ° C); gelation time: 70 m i η.

Melamine-Urea formald ehyde resin (MUF for short). The properties are determined as follows: solid content 58%; viscosity 1 870cps (27 ° C); ρΗ5 · 2 (27 ° C); gelation time: 90min 〇4 · extender · flour (low gluten): moisture content 11. 2 %. Soy flour: moisture content of 6.1%. 5 · Hardener:

Page 8 1227185

Said iO ^ oNLCl correction (Π), the test method is based on the manufacture of flame-resistant plywood, flame retardant and plywood are the basic materials, and the material characteristics of the plate, flame retardant and glue are explained one by one. And cooperate with the test to let your reviewing committee understand the flame retardant plywood of this case / and the national standards of the Republic of China for comparison. As for the manufacturing method of financial and fuel plywood, it will be introduced step by step in the following description. Secondly, the manufacturing method of the flame-resistant plywood is described as follows: 1 · Single-board flame retardant pressure injection treatment: (1) Each flame retardant is prepared to a concentration of 5% by weight. (2) Take the air dry veneer, number, measure the volume and weigh (%). (3) FuU cen vacuum-impregna retention (1 on) is used for pressure injection of the flame retardant, that is, the air-dried veneer is moved into the pressure treatment tank and sealed. Evacuate (front exhaust) 72mmHg for 5-10 minutes, the flame retardant is introduced, and then pressurized at 0.5 kgf / c for 5 minutes. Decompress and discharge the excess medicine. The surface of the veneer is no longer dripped and weighed (%). Calculate the absorption of each veneer by the following formula: Absorption (kg / m3) (W2 -W,)

x C (%) V where ‘Wi •• dry weight of sample gas before injection (kg) w2: weight of sample after injection (kg)

1227185. ,, η ,, B .. Daily amendment V. Description of the invention (5) V: Air-dry volume of the sample (m 3) C: Flame retardant concentration (%) Each treated veneer is placed in the room and air-dried. Set a constant temperature and humidity chamber for preparing plywood. 2. Secondly, the manufacturing method of the flame-resistant plywood is described as follows: Three kinds of plywood and fuel-treated veneers are respectively 161.5g / m2 (15g / ft2) and i83.0g / m2 (17g / ft2) with UF and MUF cement. ), 204.5g / m2 (19g / ft2) and other single-sided cloth adhesive boards. Board conditions:

(1) UF (MUF): Flour: Soy flour: Water: Hardener = 3〇〇: 22: 20: 10: 1 (> (minutes) 〇 (2) Preparation of MUF adhesive MF ·· UF = 1 : 1 (Wt / Wt). (3) Compression conditions: cold pressing pressure i0kgf / cm2, time 10 minutes; hot pressing pressure 10kgf / c m2, time is 1min per 1 mm plate thickness in principle. The hot pressing temperature is 11 ～ 115 ° C. (DI). After the fire-resistant plywood is completed, the untreated test specimen and the treated test specimen are tested, and the description is as follows:

(1) The surface flammable veneer of the untreated test material was made with UF and MUF as adhesives. 161.5, 183.0, and 204 • 5g / m2 cloth glue amount of the board to form a board WCNS 6532, building The surface burning test is performed on the basis of the flame resistance test method of indoor repair materials 〃3, as shown in (Table 2). The combustion properties of each sample are as follows: Ignition (tc) <180sec; Heating (t (l Θ)) > 350 ° C · min; Smoke Coefficient (CA) >120;

Page 10 1227185 Amendment-Case No. 8911 Fifth, the description of the invention (6) Knock time (A f) > 3 〇 s e. . α. Therefore, the crack width of the Fruh U 仏 surface is greater than the plate thickness 1/1 0. The analysis results are as follows (Table 3 failed the test. Zheng and UF of the heart and Af properties: MUF plywood (0 〇; 〖) two kinds of plywood test materials burn The properties are shown in (Xing Xidan / 鄕 士 · ievel). Comparing the amount of cloth glue to the test materials is known / recognized, as shown by the Duncan analysis of the test material core, Af, and tc values (high 4). It can be known that the lower the amount of cloth glue, the surface burning of the test material (Π) flame retardant treated sample 2 = the burning properties of the board after the surface burning test, as shown in (Table 5) w td 0, CA Known properties such as Af, Af, Ck, except flame retardants FR-first, second, and night's can pass the flame resistance test level 3, showing that the treatment of flame retardants has a considerable improvement on financial and flammability. (ΠΙ) Effect of improving the flame resistance of the treated material From (Table 6), it is known that the various combustion properties of the treated material are greatly improved compared with those of the untreated one. I mpr oving Efficiency (丨 · Ε ·) of the unit absorption amount of each treatment material can be calculated by the following formula: I Etc (the average value of tc of the untreated material)-(the average value of the tc of the treatment material) kg / m 3)% 2. Fever improvement effect (IE td 0, ° C · min (kg / m3) _i)

1227185 Case No. 89117566 _3 Amendment V. Description of the Invention (7) Smoke improvement effect (IE CA, (kg / m3) -1); I talk about improvement effect (IE Af 'sec (kg / m3) _i); weight reduction Rate improvement effect (IE WPG;% (kg / m 3) -1) IE (td Θ, CA, Af, WPG) = (average of treated material)-(average of untreated material) average absorption of the agent (kg / m 3) The improvement effects of various combustion properties are as follows IE tc 1 · 53 ~ 2 · 0 (sec (kg / m3) _ 1) IE td03.32 ~ 4.73 (〇C • minCkg / m3) -1); IE CA 1 〇5 〜1. 58 ((kg / m 3) _ 1); IE WPG 0 · 24 ～ 〇 · 3〇 (% (kg / m3) -1); IE Af 1.31 ~ 2 · 52 ( sec (kg / m3) -1). The difference between these improvement effects may be related to different factors such as the amount of flame retardant absorption, the type of flame retardant, the type of adhesive, and the amount of cloth glue. The following are summarized as follows: 1 · The amount of flame retardant absorption The effect of flame retardant absorption on the flammability of the test material is obtained by a linear regression analysis: td0 = -7.17M + 776.72 r = 0.63 F = 10. 46 **

Af = -4. 56M + 441.67 r = 0.72 F = 17.68 ** In the formula, td 0, Af, and M respectively represent exothermicity (° C · min), 4 days in inches (sec), and resistance Fuel absorption (kg / m3).

Page 12 1227185-Case No. 8mi75fifi Date

V. Description of the invention (Fantasy " " " 1 " From the formula, it can be known that the flame retardant absorption amount and the sample heat generation (td Θ) and the time to talk (Af) show a linear regression negative correlation, respectively. The value tests have a very significant correlation of 0 · 0 1 1 eve 1. That is, the more the flame retardant absorption in the test material, the lower the sample's heat generation and afterflame time, the greater the improvement. It is in line with common sense. 2 · Flame retardant The effect of the type of agent is treated by three kinds of flame retardants (FR — C, FR — L, FR — W). The combustion results of tc, CA, and A f are analyzed as shown in (Table 7). For tc and CA, FR-C > FR — W, FR — L (0 · 〇1 levei),

For Af, FR ~ W> FR-L, FR-C (0.01 level). Comprehensive analysis shows that the flame retardant improvement effect of the three flame retardants on the test material is best with FR — L, followed by FR — C, and FR — W is the worst. This may be due to the fact that FR_1 is mainly composed of ammonium phosphates and pendant acids. According to known research, ammonium phosphonates have mechanisms of dehydration, dilution and heat absorption, and can promote thermal decomposition to produce a smaller amount of Ievog-lUC0san. And other benefits. Therefore, it is an excellent flame-retardant and non-flame-inhibiting agent. 3 · Types of Glue It has been mentioned that the flammability of untreated plywood is greater than urea plywood. The effect of improving the flame resistance of the flame retardant treated materials is shown in (Table 8) by the analysis of the properties of td (9 and A f) of each test material, as shown in (Table 8). The flame resistance improvement effect is poor. From this, it can be known that the flammability of UF glued materials is not as good as that of MUF glued, regardless of the treated or untreated materials.丨 6 5. 丨 g / m2 > 183 · 0 g / m2 > 204 · 5g / m2. That is, the smaller the amount of adhesive cloth glue when making boards,

1227185

The greater the flammability of the test material. The flame retardant improvement effect of the amount of the flame retardant treated material can be analyzed by the Duncan analysis result of the smoke coefficient (CA) as shown in (Table 9). It is shown that the amount of the three types of cloth glue is 204 5 g / m2> 183 () g / m2> 1 and 1 lg / nf (〇 〇i ievel). That is, the treated material with a smaller amount of rubber has better flame resistance improvement effect. This has the opposite effect to that of the untreated material. Or the flame retardant treatment improves the flame resistance of the test material, which is far better than the effect of the amount of rubber. ~ (IV) Estimated absorption of flame retardant

As mentioned earlier, the test materials treated with the three flame retardants can pass the fire resistance level 3 test except those made of FR-W and UF. However, in consideration of the cost of the medicament, it is advisable to adopt the minimum absorption amount of the flame resistance class 3 which passed the CNS 6 5 3 2 test standard. Estimation The minimum absorption (kg / m3) through flame resistance 3 can be calculated according to the following formulas (r t c, Rtd 0, RCA, RAf). 1. tc estimated absorption (Rtc, kg / m3) 180-tc where tc is the measured value of the untreated material;

Rtc (kg / m3) = ----- Etc is flame retardant per unit volume of treated material

Tc improvement effect of Etc absorption; 1 8 0 means pass standard (sec)

2 · td 0 Estimated absorption (Rtd Θ, kg / m3) td θ -350 td 0 is the measured value of untreated material

Rtd Θ (kg / m3) ------ (° C.min); ETd Θ is the unit

Etd Θ Absorption of flame retardants for volume treated materials

Case No. 1227185 89117566 V. Description of the invention (10) Modified td Θ improvement effect; 350 means pass standard (° C · min). 3 · CA estimated absorption (RCA, kg / m3) CA-120 CA is the measured value of untreated material, · RCA (kg / m3) = --------- ECA is processed per unit volume

CA improvement effect of the flame retardant absorption of ECA materials; 1 2 0 is the estimated absorption (RAf, kg / m3) by standard 4 · Af RA f (kg / xxi 3

Af-30 Af is the measured value of untreated material; EAf-EAf is the A f improvement effect of the flame retardant absorption per unit volume of treated material; 30 is the pass standard (sec). Most of them have passed the flammability resistance level 3 surface burning test. Each burning property means that UF plywood is used in industrial practice: 2 low cost. Three flame retardant treated materials, estimated to be the oldest recipients of MUF plywood. I talk about the push of time

cal): === The talk time should be the critical value of the flammability of the test material (CM m3; fr— [the 69 69 ~~ flame estimated absorption is 71.9 ~ 89 · 2 kg / • ~ 94-lkg / m3; FR — ¥ 76 ~ 2 to U85kg /

Page 15 1227185

2 ， Evaluation of the above 5 levels, the flame retardant absorption of the best board conditions I, called, curtain rubber, cloth glue amount 2.45—, = lining absorption amount 69. 9 kg / m absorption amount 76. 2 kg / m FR—L, foot glue, cloth adhesive amount m.5g / ni 71.9k ^ FR_W, MUF glue, cloth glue amount 183.0g / nf (V), property inspection of flame retardant plywood 1 · Moisture absorption Properties ~ The hygroscopicity of materials is the most important for the use of materials with high water absorption in the atmosphere, because it directly affects the strength of 'gel 3 properties = properties of pueraria. The moisture absorption of the treated plywood made from two kinds of adhesives is within the qualified range of 04g. (Table 11: The moisture absorption of the test material treated with flame retardant is still less than 0.4g, and the Tongxili (s) knife Don't show a linear positive and negative correlation once. If the F value is ~: then Ξ 耆 or 0 · 01 is very significantly correlated. In other words, the flame retardant absorption is large. The smaller the amount of cloth glue, the larger the moisture absorption. The influence of these two manufacturing conditions should be taken into account. Zhiyan = The influence of the flame retardant on the moisture absorption of the test material is determined by Duncan's points in (Table 12): Results, showing that FR_C > FH > FR_L, but The first two are not significantly different: knife 1 = Dandan flame retardant is the largest among the three; L flame retardant is the smallest. The moisture absorption of the three types of cloth glue to the test material increases with the amount of cloth glue. The reduction (0.01 to Table 13) is shown. The inventors have studied commercially available inorganic salts t 'treated solid wood, plywood and other test materials whose moisture absorption is higher than that of untreated materials. Another scholar pointed out that the low molecular weight Those with higher molecules are easily soluble in water, so

Page 16 1227185

"Monthly repair" also causes considerable water absorption in low relative humidity environments. 2 · Water Soaking Peeling The water soaking peeling test can test the plywood's gluing performance. This test is mainly based on ^. From the results of the water immersion peel test (Ί > ί ^ Π), untreated plywood {now peeling phenomenon. In addition to the flame retardant treatment of flame retardant treated materials, if the average length of the peeling length is more than 2.5 cm, the average length of the F4 adhesive is 161.5 g / nf, and the peeling phenomenon is shown in (Table 14). It has been shown that, at low cloth glue amounts, natural additives will reduce the gluing performance. It should be caused by the composition of flame retardant. /, Scholars have conducted FR-CZC, pyl〇Hth and pyres〇te 1 energy, and found that the inorganic salt flame retardant materials have significantly reduced their bonding strength. Inventor Salt-type tincture inhibitor_ # ρ 大 外人 &# 口 口 无机 3. Contains ^ board, and its bonding strength is also worse than that of untreated ones. After the flame retardant treatment, the test material is mixed, and processed. This test ^ 5 The X rate should not be too high, so as not to affect the moisture content of the treated plywood below 14%, which is lower than the qualified test standard such as (Table 15 ^ All the treated samples except the caller are all The relationship between the unabsorbed amount (M) is as follows: kg. The moisture content (MC) of the specimen and the flame retardant UF •• MC = 0.04MH1.32 r = 0.80F: l719 «MU_F.mc = 〇.〇3M + 11.21 r = 〇88 f: 34 * 〇4 ^ The moisture content of QinzhiΪΓί plywood is positively correlated with the absorption of flame retardants in a straight line, and it is extremely polarized to 罝 line after F test. leVe〇5 ... As shown in (Table 16), it shows that

1227185

There were no significant differences. Obviously, among the three flame retardants, only those with FR_L treated plywood have the lowest moisture content and all can pass the qualification standards. V. Conclusion

After the three flame retardants were injected into the veneer by full cell vacuum impregnation, the liver was used as the adhesive, and the single-sided adhesive was 161.5 ~ 204.5g / m2, and then five layers (9 _Thick) Flame-retardant plywood. The surface burning test was carried out according to the CNS 6532, and the 3rd-grade inspection standard for the fire resistance of building interior decoration materials ", to investigate the improvement of the flame resistance of the treated materials and whether they meet the inspection standards, and to estimate the minimum absorption of the agent And test various properties. The test results are as follows: 1 · None of the untreated materials failed to pass the Grade 3 standard for anti-combustion specified in CNS 6 5 3 2. And UF plywood is more flammable than MUF plywood. 2 · The flame resistance improvement effects of the various combustion properties of the treated materials are Ietc: 1.53 ~ 2.0sec (kg / m3)-丄; IEtd0: 3.32 ~ 4.73 ° C • minCkg / m3) -1; IECA: 1.05 to 1.58 (kg / m3) _1; IEAf: 1.31 to 2.52sec (kg / m3) _1; IEWPG: 0.24 to 0.30% (kg / m3) -1.

3. The more the flame retardant absorbs, the lower the exothermic property (tci θ) and afterflame time (Af) of the sample, the worse the improvement. Said 4 · The flame retardant improvement effect of two flame retardants, with j? R a [best, F R — C second, and FR ~ W the worst. 5. MUF adhesive has better flame resistance improvement than UF.

Page 18 1227185 _ case number 89117566_ year! Day __ 5. Description of the invention (14) 6 · Effect of improving the flame resistance of the treated material by the amount of cloth glue, i61. 5g / m2 and 183 • Og / m2 > 204 · 5g / m2 〇7 · Each test material passed the flame resistance 3 The estimated amount of medicament absorption is fr-C 71.

9 ~ 89.2kg / m3; FR-L69.9 ~ 94.1kg / m3 & FR-W 76 · 2 ~ 118 · 5kg / m3 〇8 · The hygroscopicity test of untreated and treated plywood can pass the test standard ^ treatment The moisture absorption of plywood has a positive correlation with the amount of flame retardant absorption and a negative correlation with the fabric. The FR-C flame retardant treatment has the largest moisture absorption; the ρ R-L has a smaller absorption; the smaller the amount of cloth glue, the greater the moisture absorption. 9 · Except for FR-C flame retardant treatment and MUF, 1615g / m2, the other treatment materials have no peeling (Type Π), pass the qualified standard I 0 · Water content and resistance of flame retardant d treated plywood The amount of fuel absorbed was normal phase g. Only FR-L flame retardant treated plywood can pass the inspection standard

II · Flame resistance improvement effect and property test of flame retardant ’

I227185 The schematic illustration is for the convenience of the reader and Table 2 of the First Schedule of this Schedule. No. 891175fifi Λ ___ 3. It is easier to understand the advantages of this case by reviewing the revised Test Table 5 and the review committee of Yubei. The process and measurement description of the finished flame-resistant plywood are as follows: The main composition and basic properties of flame retardants. The surface burning properties of untreated plywood. The Duncan analysis results of the heat treatment and afterflame time of the untreated plywood. The results of Duncan analysis of the burning properties of the materials. The combustion properties and judgment results of the flame retardant physical treatment materials after the surface test of CNS— 6 5 3 2. The flame resistance improvement effect of the unit absorption of the treated materials. Zheng Ken analyzed the heat generation and afterflame time of flame retardant treated plywood ^ Analysis result 3 Qiu Yuefen The flame retardant treatment of plywood treated with flame retardant Duncan analysis. Moisture absorption test results of flame retardant plywood Two or three kinds of flame retardants for the moisture absorption of the test material Zheng Kenfen Three or three kinds of cloth glue amount for the moisture absorption of the test material Duncan Results from test ,, " test result if the water content of five plywood sixty-three kinds flame retardant treatment of wood moisture content again Ken Jeong Results Eight

Page 20

Claims (1)

Purpose No. 89117566 VI. Application scope 1 · A fire-resistant plywood manufacturing method. After the main rotation is cut into a veneer, the flame retardant is injected into the cell by the pressurized cell method and coated with a glue on the surface of the treated veneer. The characteristics of the flame-resistant plywood completed by cold pressing and hot pressing are that the flame retardant used is a mixture of ammonium phosphate and boric acid agent. The proportion of flame retardant in ^ is phosphoric acid. Dihydrogen ammonium 7 0 ~ 85%, boric acid 5 ~ 10%, zinc butterfly 5 ~ 10%, ammonium sulfate 5 ~ 10%, and its glue is mixed with melamine gum powder and urea glue By. 2 · A method of manufacturing a plywood with a flame resistance as described in item i of the scope of the patent application, the glue amount of the adhesive used is from 150 to 175 g / m 2 〇 Page 21