A7 B7 4 65 I S3 五、發明説明（/ ) 發明背景： 此發明是屬於無線通訊中發射器利用陣列天線多枝分 集（Transmitter Diversity)之範疇，亦為實現智慧型天 線的一種方式。而且多枝分集的方法也是世界各國學者 專家熱烈研究的方向之一。在過去有許多的論文在討論 有關接收器多枝分集的方法諸如：選擇式組合法 (Selection-Combination)、相同增益組合法(Equal-Gain Conbination)以及最大訊雜比組合法（Maximal-Ratio Combination)等等，而近年來許多人開始討論發射器多 枝分集的方法，用以提高接收器收訊的品質。發射端多 枝分集（Transmitter Diversity)可運用於無線通訊的 基地台（Base Station)對移動台（Mobile Station)的下 行傳輸上，以提昇行動台接收器的收訊性能。理論上可 以假設在無線通訊中之發射器已知無線多路徑衰減通道 (Wireless Multi-Path Fading Channel)中的所有資 訊，但是實際上卻是行不通的，因為自接收器到發射器 之通道頻寬(Channel Bandwidth)是有限的，故不可能用 無限的位元數（bits)來表示無線多路徑衰減通道 (Wireless Multi-Path Fading Channel)的資訊，因此 在實際的通訊中只有用有限的位元數(bits)來表‘無線 多路徑衰減通道（Wireless Multi-Path Fading Channel)的資訊。故在本發明中，提出兩種創新的接收 器回授資訊的表示法與發射器陣列天線多枝分集組合技 術。 本紙張尺度顧t關家轉（CNS)八4規格（21GX297公幻 發明概述： L發明目的： 4利^簡單的控制方法及接收器迴授至發射器有限資 .凡表示法以提昇無線通訊或行動通訊的接收品質，當 ，用在行動通訊基地台至移動台（含手機y時也可以簡 化移動台（含手機）的硬體構造。、 2*動作方式： i. 先由發射器多枝分集（Diversity)的每一根天 線元件發射一串訓練訊號（Training_ Sequence)到接收器，接收器利用這些訓練訊 號（Training Sequence)偵測發射器至接收器 通道的特性與資訊。 由接收器回授一個位元或兩個位元資訊到發 射器。 iii，在運用本發明中發射器多枝分集(Diversify) 組合(Combination)之發射器中的解調變器解 調後將資訊輸入串/並聯轉換器（如圖一、二所 示）。 ίν.由串/並聯轉換器產生控制訊號，控制傳輸訊 號之相位或大小。 ν· 最後由發射器多枝分集天線發射訊號到接收 器，並由接收器將訊號解調，即完成訊號的傳 輸與接收。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規洛（210X297公釐） 4 65199 a7 __B7五、發明説明（3) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 發明的詳細說明： (1) 一個位元（Bit)迴授資訊之發射器（Transmitter) 多枝分集（Diversity)技術 如圖一所示’接收器（Receiver)迴授一位元之 資訊給發射器，發射器收到訊號後，先解調 (Demodulation)此一位元資訊，在將此資訊輸入 串 /並轉換器（Serial-to-Parallel Converter) 且由串/並聯轉換器產生控制訊號，控制數位相 位調變器（Digital PSK)之相位（Phase)，以產生 輸出訊號波形由發射器的天線輸出至接收_，最 後由接收器解調之即完成傳送過程。因為此設計 可用於一般數位相位調變系統，例如二位元或四 位元相位鍵入調變（BPSK or QPSK)為方便描述以 下均以二位相位調變（BPSK)為主體系統描述，其 數學模型與描述如下： 接收器到發射器之迴授基頻資訊訊號為％ (i = l，2……，L)且％Μ0，1)。另定義下列符號： L :發射器天線數。 ^ / :發射訊號之振幅（Amplitude)。 、 % :發射器第i根天線到接收器的通道衰 減因子大小，範圍為，0<%<0〇，/= 1,2，....，i 且一般以雷利夫分配（Rayleigh Distribution)或是瑞氏分配（Rice Distribution)的隨機變數（Random Variable)為模型。 -， «,·:發射器第i根天線’，ζ· = ι，2，.…乂到接收 .器的通道衰減因子大小在接收器中的 估計值。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)A7 B7 4 65 I S3 V. Description of the invention (/) Background of the invention: This invention belongs to the category of transmitter using wireless antenna diversity in wireless communication. It is also a way to realize smart antennas. Moreover, the multi-branch diversity method is also one of the hot research directions of scholars and experts from all over the world. In the past, many papers have discussed receiver multi-diversity methods such as: Selection-Combination, Equal-Gain Conbination, and Maximum-Ratio Combination. ) And so on, and in recent years, many people have begun to discuss the method of multi-branch diversity in the transmitter to improve the quality of the receiver. Transmitter Diversity at the transmitting end can be used for downlink transmission from the Base Station to the Mobile Station for wireless communication to improve the receiving performance of the mobile station receiver. Theoretically, it can be assumed that the transmitter in wireless communication knows all the information in the Wireless Multi-Path Fading Channel, but it is not practical because the channel frequency from the receiver to the transmitter The Channel Bandwidth is limited, so it is impossible to use infinite bits to represent the information of the Wireless Multi-Path Fading Channel. Therefore, only a limited number of bits are used in actual communication. The number of bits represents the information of the Wireless Multi-Path Fading Channel. Therefore, in the present invention, two innovative representation methods of receiver feedback information and a multi-diversity combination technology of a transmitter array antenna are proposed. This paper scales Gus Guan Jia Zhuan (CNS) 8 4 specifications (21GX297 public magic invention overview: L purpose of the invention: 4 benefits ^ simple control method and receiver feedback to the transmitter limited capital. Any representation to improve wireless communication Or the reception quality of mobile communication. When used from mobile communication base stations to mobile stations (including mobile phones y, the hardware structure of mobile stations (including mobile phones) can also be simplified., 2 * action methods: i. Each antenna element of the branch diversity (Diversity) transmits a series of training signals (Training_ Sequence) to the receiver, and the receiver uses these Training signals to detect the characteristics and information of the transmitter-to-receiver channel. Feedback one bit or two bits of information to the transmitter. Iii. The demodulator in the transmitter using the transmitter's Diversify combination in the present invention demodulates the information into the string / Parallel converter (as shown in Figures 1 and 2). Ίν. The control signal is generated by the serial / parallel converter to control the phase or size of the transmission signal. Ν · Finally transmitted by the transmitter multi-branch diversity antenna The signal is sent to the receiver, and the signal is demodulated by the receiver to complete the transmission and reception of the signal. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 gauge (210X297 mm) 4 65199 a7 __B7 V. Description of the invention ) Detailed descriptions of inventions printed by employees ’cooperatives in the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs: (1) A transmitter (Bit) of feedback information (Multimitter Diversity) technology is shown in Figure 1 'Receiver ( Receiver) returns a bit of information to the transmitter. After the transmitter receives the signal, it first demodulates this bit of information and enters this information into a serial-to-parallel converter. The serial / parallel converter generates the control signal and controls the phase of the digital phase modulator (PSK) to generate the output signal waveform which is output by the antenna of the transmitter to the receiver_, and finally demodulated by the receiver. Complete the transmission process. Because this design can be used in general digital phase modulation systems, such as two-bit or four-bit phase key-in modulation (BPSK or QPSK). BPSK) is the description of the main system, and its mathematical model and description are as follows: The feedback base frequency information signal from the receiver to the transmitter is% (i = 1, 2, ..., L) and% M0, 1). The following symbols are also defined : L: number of transmitter antennas ^ /: amplitude of the transmitted signal (Amplitude),%: the attenuation factor of the channel from the i-th antenna of the transmitter to the receiver, the range is: 0 <% < 0〇, / = 1,2, ..., i are generally modeled by random variables (Rayleigh Distribution) or Rice Distribution (Random Variable). -, «, ·: The i-th antenna of the transmitter’, ζ · = ι, 2, .... The channel attenuation factor of the receiver to the receiver is an estimated value in the receiver. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)
I 私紙張尺度適用中國國家榇準（CNS ) Μ规格（210X297公釐） 4 65 】99 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明（+) θ,_ .發射器第i根天線到接收器的通道衰 減因子相位的隨機變數（Rand〇m Variable)為模型，其範圍為 Ο <θ; <2π，/ = l，2，._..，i ’ 且一般以均句分配 λ (Uniform Distribution)。 易：發射器第i根天線到接收器的通道衰 減因子相位的在接受器中的估計值。 β .接收器熱雜訊（Thermal Noise)，一 身又以高斯白雜訊（White Gaussian Noise)為模型。 "*發射器所欲傳送之訊號（Massage) u e {1,-1} φ(κ):相位控制器之相位控制訊號，為％的 函數 哪:广，巧1---------------[1] 1-1 ,tf wt=\ 其中％=〇代表-<苎 2 ' 2 ^ %=1代表|4<警 1 接收器接收到之訊號（Receiver Signal)經降頻 至基頻帶後，可表示為：I The size of the private paper is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) M specifications (210X297 mm) 4 65】 99 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (+) θ, _. Channel attenuation factor phase from the i-th antenna of the transmitter to the receiver Random Variable is a model with a range of 0 <θ; < 2π, / = 1, 2, ._ .., i ', and generally λ (Uniform Distribution) is assigned with a uniform sentence. Easy: The estimated value of the channel attenuation factor phase from the transmitter to the receiver in the receiver. β. The receiver thermal noise (Thermal Noise), which is based on the Gaussian White Noise (White Gaussian Noise) as a model. " * The signal the transmitter wants to send (Massage) ue {1, -1} φ (κ): The phase control signal of the phase controller, which is a function of%. -------- [1] 1-1, tf wt = \ where% = 〇 stands for-< 苎 2 '2 ^% = 1 stands for | 4 < Alarm 1 The signal received by the receiver (Receiver Signal ) After frequency reduction to the base band, it can be expressed as:
II
Xx = '^ΑΦ(Ψί)αί cos(0f)« + η -------------[2] * /-1 其中 當4 <吾時COS0 > 0 且φ(γ.) = 1所以 Φ(^)〇05(^) > 1 當.Sf 時 C〇S0,· < 0 且 Φ(γ) = -1 所以 Φ(^)〇05(^)>1 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > Α4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注項再填寫本頁)Xx = '^ ΑΦ (Ψί) αί cos (0f) «+ η ------------- [2] * / -1 where 4 < 我 时 COS0 > 0 and φ ( γ.) = 1 so Φ (^) 〇05 (^) > 1 when .Sf is C0S0, < 0 and Φ (γ) = -1 so Φ (^) 〇05 (^) > 1 This paper size applies to Chinese national standards (CNS > Α4 size (210X297 mm) (Please read the note on the back before filling this page)
46^1 〇g A7 B7 五、發明説明（y) 因此上面[2]式可改寫為 I Χχ =J]^a/|c〇s(^)|w + ?i ------------------------[3] 然後可利用上式由最大概率偵測法（Maximum Likelihood Detection，簡稱為ML)做決策即可 解出所傳之訊號。 從以上之數學模型可以看出相位控制訊號可 以補償衰減的相位或是保護訊號的相'位，因此可 以使通訊的品質變好。 (2)二個位元迴授資訊之發射器多枝分集技術 如圖二所示，接收器迴授二位元之資訊給發射 器，發射器收到訊號後，先解調此二位元資訊， 在將此資訊輸入串/並轉換器且由串/並聯轉換 器產生兩組控制訊號，第一組訊號控制數位相位 調變器之相位與（1)相同，第二組訊號控制數位 相位調變器之傳輸訊號大小以產生輸出訊號波 =由發射器的天線輸出至接收器之，最後由接收 器解調之即完成傳送過程。以下以二位相位調變 (BPSK)為主體系統描述，其數學模型虚描述如 下： (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) k- 、^ ir i £ h46 ^ 1 〇g A7 B7 V. Explanation of the invention (y) Therefore, the above formula [2] can be rewritten as I χχ = J] ^ a / | c〇s (^) | w +? I ------- ----------------- [3] Then the above formula can be used to make a decision by Maximum Likelihood Detection (ML for short) to solve the transmitted signal. It can be seen from the above mathematical model that the phase control signal can compensate the phase of the attenuation or the phase of the protection signal, so the quality of the communication can be improved. (2) The transmitter multi-branch diversity technology with two bits of feedback information is shown in Figure 2. The receiver returns two bits of information to the transmitter. After the transmitter receives the signal, it first demodulates the two bits. The information is input to the serial / parallel converter and two sets of control signals are generated by the serial / parallel converter. The first group of signals controls the phase of the digital phase modulator as (1), and the second group of signals controls the digital phase. The size of the transmission signal of the modulator to produce an output signal wave = output from the antenna of the transmitter to the receiver, and finally the demodulation by the receiver completes the transmission process. The following uses the two-phase phase modulation (BPSK) as the main system description, and its mathematical model is described as follows: (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) k-, ^ ir i £ h
令接收器到發射器之二位元迴授基頻資訊訊號為訊號（％軋），i = 1 2 丨，H &{〇，1}，Μί€{〇，1}^ 宗篇 ’......， /另疋義下列符號： β(〇 :第i根天線的權重，且為的函數 如下： ’ Jf -----------W Q(Mt) 本紙張尺料财額家^TEns M4规格 4 S 1 .99 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 其中#/= 0代表么之77 = 1代表么<77 利用與上述[2]式同樣的推導邏輯可得接收 到的基頻訊號的表示法如下： 尤2 =2^2(〇|。。3的)卜 + « -----------------[5] Μ 然後可利用上式由最大概率（ML)偵測法做決 策即可解出妍傳之訊號。 從以上之數學模型可以看出相位控制訊號可 以補償衰減的大小或是保護訊號的能量，使.訊雜 比（Signal-to-NoiseRatio,簡稱為 SNR)提昇， 因此可以使通訊的品質變好。 (3)利用一個位元之接收器的迴授通道資訊的表示法 (如圖三所示） 當通道衰減因子相位估計值在區間.時 π 此一個區域的相位以fi^=l表不且此時 Φ(γ·) = ΐ。 i i.當通道衰減因子相位估計值在區間戎 < 笠 . 2 2 日寸此一個區域的相位以％ = 2表示且此時 Φ(%) = 一1。 經濟部智葸財產局員工消费合作社印製 (4)，用一個位元之接收器迴授通道資訊的表示法 (如圖四所示） l當通道衰減因子大小估計值在區間么4時 此一個區域的大小以表示且此時 2(0% 〇 21 Ox 297公釐） 私纸張纽適用中國國家標 465 1 gg A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（7) i i · ¥通道衣減因子大小估計值在 △ 的大小=表 (5)實施例分析與結果 (i)實施例分析參數及模型如下： 1. 接收益天線數目為單根天線 2. 發射器使用陣列天線，天線數：L=1或2.......或4 3. 天線的通道衰減因子模型為互相間統計獨立的雷 利夫分佈（Rayligh Distribution)隨機變數，其 分佈函數如下： 、 Λ(α) = Χ] 其中Ω = 3 4. 在接收機所估計之通道衰減因子估計值誤差可忽略不計 以下實例分析中是在發射器偵測迴授訊號無誤之條 件下所得之分析與模擬之結果》其分析與模擬結果如 (圖五）與（圖六）所示。 (ii)說明與比較： 1，如圖五所示’是一個位元迴授資訊技術系統之分 析與模擬結果，其中分析之結果曲線是平均位元錯誤 機率之上界(Upper Bound)曲線圖。由圖可知，分析 .與模擬曲線相差不到一階(Order)，因此分析曲線很可 靠。另圖可知一位元迴授資訊技術系統每增加一根天 線平均會有4或5分貝(dB)的增益。 私紙張尺度適用中國囪家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 訂-----—------------ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4 65199 A7 B7 五、發明说明（2) 2_如圖六所示’是二個位元迴授資訊技術系統之分 析與模擬結果，其中分析之結果曲線也是平均位元錯 誤機率之上界(Upper Bound)曲線圖，且圖中橫軸是 平均發射器所發射之平均SNR。由圖可知，分析與模 擬曲線相差亦不到一階(Order·)，因此分析曲線也很可 靠。另由圖可知二位元迴授資訊技術系統每增加一根 天線平均會有6或7分貝（dB)的增益。 3·比較圖五與圖六，二位元迴授資訊技術系統會比 一位元迴授資訊技術系統平均位元錯誤機率將近妤 十倍。 ~ ΜΪ »pv ·£ LL· ϊ ! · V· 表紙張尺度適用中囡囤家榇準（CNS ) M规格（210X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Let the two-bit feedback baseband information signal from the receiver to the transmitter be the signal (% roll), i = 1 2 丨, H & {〇, 1}, Μί € {〇, 1} ^ Zong Pian '. ....., / also means the following symbols: β (〇: the weight of the i-th antenna, and the function is as follows: 'Jf ----------- WQ (Mt) This paper rule Material amount ^ TEns M4 specification 4 S 1.99 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (where # / = 0 represents what 77 = 1 represents < 77 can be received using the same derivation logic as the above [2] The representation of the received baseband signal is as follows: You 2 = 2 ^ 2 (〇 |. 3 of the) + +---[5] Μ Then you can By using the above formula to make a decision by the maximum probability (ML) detection method, the signal can be solved. From the mathematical model above, it can be seen that the phase control signal can compensate the attenuation or protect the energy of the signal. (Signal-to-NoiseRatio, referred to as SNR) is improved, so the quality of communication can be improved. (3) Representation of feedback channel information using a one-bit receiver (as shown in Figure 3) When the channel The phase estimate of the attenuation factor is in the interval. When this is π The phase of fi is expressed as fi ^ = l and Φ (γ ·) = 此时 at this time. I i. When the phase attenuation value of the channel attenuation factor is in the interval Rong < 2. And at this time Φ (%) = -1. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (4), using a one-bit receiver to send back channel information (see Figure 4). L When The estimated value of the channel attenuation factor is in the interval 4 when the size of this area is expressed and at this time 2 (0% 〇21 Ox 297 mm) Private paper New Zealand applies Chinese national standard 465 1 gg A7 B7 Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Employee Consumption Cooperative V. Description of the invention (7) ii · The estimated value of ¥ channel clothing reduction factor size is △ = Table (5) Example analysis and results (i) Example analysis parameters and models are as follows: 1. Connect The number of gain antennas is a single antenna 2. The transmitter uses an array antenna, and the number of antennas: L = 1 or 2 ....... or 4 3. The channel attenuation factor models of the antennas are statistically independent Raleigh distributions ( Rayligh Distribution) random variable, its distribution function is as follows:, Λ (α) = Χ] where Ω = 3 4. The error of the estimated channel attenuation factor estimated by the receiver can be ignored. In the following example analysis, the analysis and simulation results obtained under the condition that the transmitter detects the feedback signal are correct. The analysis and simulation results are shown in (Figure 5) and (Figure 6). (Ii) Description and comparison: 1. As shown in Figure 5, 'is a bit feedback information technology system analysis and simulation results, where the analysis result curve is above the average bit error probability Upper (Bound) curve. As can be seen from the figure, the analysis. Differs from the simulation curve by less than a first order (Order), so the analysis curve is very reliable. The other figure shows that the average feedback technology system of a yuan will gain 4 or 5 decibels (dB) for each additional antenna. Private paper scale is applicable to China Standards (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) Order ----------------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 4 65199 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) 2_ As shown in Figure 6, 'is the analysis and simulation result of the two bit feedback information technology system, where the analysis result curve is also the upper limit of the average bit error probability ( Upper Bound) graph, and the horizontal axis in the graph is the average SNR transmitted by the average transmitter. It can be seen from the figure that the difference between the analysis and the simulation curve is less than the first order (Order ·), so the analysis curve is also very reliable. It can also be seen from the figure that each two-bit feedback information technology system has an average gain of 6 or 7 decibels (dB) for each additional antenna. 3. Comparing Figures 5 and 6, the average bit error rate of a two-bit feedback IT system is nearly ten times higher than the average bit error rate of a one-bit feedback IT system. ~ ΜΪ »pv · £ LL · ϊ! · V · The paper size of the paper is applicable to the standard (CNS) M size (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)