TW202304437A - 食慾激素2受體促效劑對於手術後復原的用途 - Google Patents
食慾激素2受體促效劑對於手術後復原的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
揭示了一種用於需要其之個體之手術後恢復之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
Description
本發明之某些實施例涉及食慾激素2受體促效劑對於手術後復原(改善麻醉維持後的意識延遲且改善由於類鴉片的鎮靜及呼吸抑制)之用途。
目前沒有藥物可以促進麻醉恢復時間。足量的鎮痛劑,尤其類鴉片,通常用於管理術後期間之疼痛。但是,諸如鎮靜、呼吸抑制等類鴉片相關的副作用可能會限制在術後期間使用類鴉片(非專利文獻1)。當觀察到類鴉片誘導的嚴重鎮靜及呼吸抑制時,廣泛使用類鴉片拮抗劑,諸如納洛酮(naloxone)。但類鴉片拮抗劑不僅減少此等副作用,而且還減少類鴉片之鎮痛作用。因此,將需要能夠促進麻醉恢復時間、並在保持類鴉片鎮痛作用之同時抑制類鴉片誘導的副作用之藥物。
食慾激素系統在睡眠/覺醒狀態之控制中發揮重要作用(非專利文獻2)。食慾激素肽之突觸後G蛋白偶聯受體有食慾激素1受體(OX1R)及食慾激素2受體(OX2R)兩種(非專利文獻3)。在該兩種受體中,認為OX2R在睡眠/覺醒調控中發揮關鍵作用,因為OX2R KO小鼠而非OX1R
KO小鼠顯示出異常的睡眠週期(非專利文獻2)。揭示了3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))作為食慾激素2受體促效劑(專利文獻1)。
專利文獻1:WO 2017/135306 A1
非專利文獻1:Sleep Med Rev 11 (2007) 35-46
非專利文獻2:Pharmacol Rev 61 (2009) 162-176
非專利文獻3:Cell 92 (1998) 573-585
本文揭示了一種用於需要其之個體之手術後復原(改善麻醉維持後的意識延遲且改善由於類鴉片的鎮靜及呼吸抑制)之方法,其包含向個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
本發明人已發現本說明書中之化合物(I)可用於手術後復原(改善麻醉維持後的意識延遲且改善由於類鴉片的鎮靜及呼吸抑制)。作為進一步研究的結果,他們完成了本發明。
因此,本發明包括以下實施例:
[1]一種用於需要其之個體之手術後恢復之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
[2]一種用於促進需要其之個體之麻醉恢復或縮短麻醉恢復時間之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
[3]一種用於預防或治療需要其之個體之術後呼吸障礙/抑制或由類鴉片誘導的呼吸障礙/抑制之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
[4]一種用於減少需要其之個體之類鴉片副作用之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
[5]一種用於預防或治療需要其之個體之術後鎮靜或由類鴉片誘導的鎮靜之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
[6]如[1]至[5]中任一項所述之方法,其中該投予係非經口投予。
[7]如[6]所述之方法,其中該非經口投予係靜脈內(亦稱為IV)投予、皮下(亦稱為SC)投予、經皮投予或經黏膜投予。
在其他實施例中,本發明係關於以下內容:
[8]一種用於加速需要其之個體之麻醉甦醒之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
[9]一種用於預防需要其之個體之麻醉延遲甦醒之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
[10]一種藉由解決需要其之個體之類鴉片限制性副作用來改善疼痛個體之疼痛管理之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
[11]一種藉由解決需要其之個體之類鴉片限制性副作用來改善手術後恢復個體之疼痛管理之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽。
本發明進一步係關於以下實施例:
[1a]化合物(I)或其鹽於手術後恢復之用途。
[2b]化合物(I)或其鹽於促進麻醉恢復或縮短麻醉恢復時間之用途。
[3c]化合物(I)或其鹽於預防或治療術後呼吸障礙/抑制或由類鴉片誘導的呼吸障礙/抑制之用途。
[4d]化合物(I)或其鹽於減少類鴉片的副作用之用途。
[5e]化合物(I)或其鹽於預防或治療術後鎮靜或由類鴉片誘導的鎮靜之用途。
本發明進一步係關於以下實施例:
[1aa]一種用於手術後恢復之醫藥組成物,其包含化合物(I)或其鹽。
[2bb]一種用於促進麻醉恢復或縮短麻醉恢復時間之醫藥組成物,其包含化合物(I)或其鹽。
[3cc]一種用於預防或治療術後呼吸障礙/抑制或由類鴉片誘導的呼吸障礙/抑制之醫藥組成物,其包含化合物(I)或其鹽。
[4dd]一種用於降低類鴉片的副作用之醫藥組成物,其包含化合物(I)或其鹽。
[5ee]一種用於預防或治療術後鎮靜或由類鴉片誘導的鎮靜之醫藥組成物,其包含化合物(I)或其鹽。
本說明書之化合物(I)具有食慾激素2型受體促效劑活性,且可用於手術後復原(改善麻醉維持後的意識延遲且改善由於類鴉片的鎮靜及呼吸抑制)。
本文揭示了3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物(I))或其鹽,包含化合物(I)或其鹽之組成物及套組,以及使用化合物(I)或其鹽之方法。
下面詳細描述本說明書中使用的每個措辭之定義。
在本說明書中,「手術後恢復」之實例包括「促進麻醉恢復」、「縮短麻醉恢復時間」、「預防或治療術後呼吸障礙/抑制」、「預防或治
療由類鴉片誘導的呼吸障礙/抑制」、「預防或治療術後鎮靜」及「預防或治療由類鴉片誘導的鎮靜」。在一些實施例中,「手術後恢復(recovering post operation)」意指「手術後復原(post operation recovery)」或「手術後復原(postoperative recovery)」。
在一些實施例中,「手術後(post operation)」意指「手術後(post surgery)」、「手術後(after surgery)」或「手術後(after surgical operations)」。在一些實施例中,「手術後的(postoperative)」意指「手術後的(postsurgical)」。
在一些實施例中,「麻醉」由麻醉劑誘導。麻醉劑之實例包括吸入麻醉劑及靜脈麻醉劑。吸入麻醉劑之實例包括異氟醚(isoflurane)、安氟醚(enflurane)、甲氧氟醚(methoxyflurane)、七氟醚(sevoflurane)、地氟醚(desflurane)、氟烷(halothane)及其任何視情況選用之組合。靜脈內麻醉劑之實例包括丙泊酚(propofol)、硫噴妥鈉(thiopental)、噻菌靈(thiamylal)、咪達唑侖(midazolam)、氟馬西尼(flumazenil)、氯胺酮(ketamine)、右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine)(鹽酸鹽)、氟哌利多(droperidol)、依託咪酯(etomidate)及其任何視情況選用之組合。麻醉劑以其有效量用於誘導麻醉。此等量根據麻醉劑之目的或種類、麻醉劑之投予途徑、投予個體等適當決定。
在本說明書中,「術後呼吸障礙/抑制」之實例包括低氧血症(hypoxemia)、缺氧(hypoxia)及高碳酸血症(hypercapnia)。在一些實施例中,低氧血症定義為至多百分之90的外周血氧飽和度(SpO2)。
在本說明書中,「類鴉片之副作用」之實例包括呼吸障礙/抑制及鎮靜。呼吸障礙/抑制之實例包括低氧血症、缺氧及高碳酸血症。在一些實施例中,呼吸障礙/抑制為術後呼吸障礙/抑制。在一些實施例中,鎮靜為術後鎮靜。
在本說明書中,「類鴉片」之實例包括芬太尼(fentanyl)、氫嗎啡酮(hydromorphone)、嗎啡(morphine)、羥考酮(oxycodone)、羥嗎啡酮(oxymorphone)、曲馬多(tramadol)、丁丙諾啡(buprenorphine)、哌替啶(pethidine)、噴他佐辛(pentazocine)、多沙普崙(doxapram)及其任何視情況選用之組合。類鴉片以其有效量用於手術期間的疼痛管理或疼痛控制。此等量根據類鴉片之目的或種類、阿片類藥之投予途徑、投予個體等適當決定。
在本說明書中,「類鴉片之副作用」之實例包括呼吸障礙/抑制及鎮靜。呼吸障礙/抑制之實例包括缺氧及高碳酸血症。在一些實施例中,呼吸障礙/抑制為術後呼吸障礙/抑制。在一些實施例中,鎮靜為術後鎮靜。
在一些實施例中,化合物(I)係光學活性化合物。在一些實施例中,本文揭示之方法、用途及醫藥組成物中之任一者中之化合物(I)係(2R,3S)-3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((順-4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯(化合物A)。可如WO2017/135306中所揭示產生化合物(I),包括其鹽及其光學活性化合物。在本文揭示之用途及醫藥組成物中之任一者中,化合物(I)以其有效量使用。
在一些實施例中,有效量介於約3mg至約500mg之間。在一些實施例中,有效量介於約5mg至約300mg之間。在一些實施例中,
有效量介於約5mg至約100mg之間。在一些實施例中,有效量介於約5mg至約50mg之間。
化合物(I)(以下有時簡稱為本發明之化合物)可按原樣或藉由與藥理學上可接受之載劑等混合而呈醫藥組成物(亦稱為藥劑)的形式用於哺乳動物(例如,人類、小鼠、大鼠、兔、狗、貓、牛、馬、豬、猴)。
作為藥理學上可接受之載劑,可使用通常用作製劑材料之各種有機或無機載劑物質。它們作為用於固體製劑之賦形劑、潤滑劑、黏合劑及崩解劑併入;或作為用於液體製劑之溶劑、增溶劑、懸浮劑、等滲劑、緩沖劑及舒緩劑併入;等等;並可根據需要添加製劑添加劑,諸如防腐劑、抗氧化劑、著色劑、甜味劑等。
賦形劑之較佳實例包括乳糖、蔗糖、D-甘露醇、D-山梨醇、澱粉、膠化澱粉、糊精、結晶纖維素、低取代羥丙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、阿拉伯樹膠、普魯蘭糖、輕質無水矽酸、合成矽酸鋁及偏矽酸鋁鎂。
潤滑劑之較佳實例包括硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣、滑石及膠體二氧化矽。
黏合劑之較佳實例包括膠化澱粉、蔗糖、明膠、阿拉伯樹膠、甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、結晶纖維素、蔗糖、D-甘露醇、海藻糖、糊精、普魯蘭糖、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素及聚乙烯吡咯啶酮。
崩解劑之較佳實例包括乳糖、蔗糖、澱粉、羧甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈣、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、輕質無水矽酸及低取代羥丙基纖維素。
溶劑之較佳實例包括注射用水、生理鹽水、林格溶液、酒精、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、芝麻油、玉米油、橄欖油及棉籽油。
增溶劑之較佳實例包括聚乙二醇、丙二醇、D-甘露醇、海藻糖、苯甲酸芐酯、乙醇、三胺基甲烷、膽固醇、三乙醇胺、碳酸鈉、檸檬酸鈉、水楊酸鈉及乙酸鈉。
懸浮劑之較佳實例包括表面活性劑諸如硬脂基三乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸鈉、月桂基胺基丙酸酯、卵磷脂、苯紮氯銨(benzalkonium chloride)、芐索氯銨(benzethonium chloride)、單硬脂酸甘油酯等;親水性聚合物諸如聚(乙烯醇)、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、羧甲基纖維素鈉、甲基纖維素、羥甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素等,聚山梨醇酯;及聚氧乙烯氫化蓖麻油。
等滲劑之較佳實例包括氯化鈉、甘油、D-甘露醇、D-山梨醇及葡萄糖。
緩沖劑之較佳實例包括磷酸鹽、乙酸鹽、碳酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽等之緩沖劑。
舒緩劑之較佳實例包括苄醇。
防腐劑之較佳實例包括對羥基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苄醇、苯乙醇、脫氫乙酸及山梨酸。
抗氧化劑之較佳實例包括亞硫酸鹽及抗壞血酸鹽。
著色劑之較佳實例包括水性食用焦油色素(例如,食用色素,諸如食用色素紅色2號及3號、食用色素黃色4號及5號、食用色素藍色
1號及2號等食用色素)、水不溶性色澱染料(例如,上述水性食用焦油色素之鋁鹽)、天然染料(例如,β-胡蘿蔔素、葉綠素、氧化鐵紅)等。
甜味劑之較佳實例包括糖精鈉、甘草酸二鉀、阿斯巴甜及甜菊。
上述醫藥組成物之劑型之實例包括經口製劑,諸如錠劑(包括糖衣錠劑、膜衣錠劑、舌下錠劑、口腔崩解錠劑、口頰錠劑)、膠囊(包括軟膠囊、微膠囊)、丸劑、顆粒劑、散劑、口含錠、糖漿劑、液體劑、乳劑、混懸劑、氣霧劑、膜(例如,口腔崩解膜、口腔黏膜黏附膜)等;以及非經腸劑,諸如注射劑(例如,皮下注射劑、靜脈內注射劑、肌內注射劑、腹膜內注射劑、點滴輸注劑)、外用製劑(例如,經皮吸收型製劑、軟膏、洗劑、膠黏製劑)、栓劑(例如,直腸栓劑、陰道栓劑)、小丸劑、鼻製劑、肺製劑(吸入劑)、滴眼劑等。本發明之化合物及藥劑可各自安全地經口或非經腸投予(例如,直腸內、靜脈內、動脈內、肌肉內、皮下、器官內、鼻內、皮內、滴注、腦內、陰道內、腹膜內、瘤內、近端腫瘤投予以及對病灶進行投予)。
此等製劑可係控釋製劑(例如,緩釋微膠囊),諸如速釋製劑、緩釋製劑等。
醫藥組成物可根據醫藥調配領域中常用之方法產生,例如,日本藥典中所述之方法等。
本發明之醫藥組成物中本發明之化合物的含量根據本發明之化合物的劑型、劑量等而不同,例如為約0.1至100wt%。
當產生經口製劑時,為了掩味、腸溶性或持久性之目的,必要時可應用包衣。
用於包衣之包衣基質之實例包括糖包衣基質、水溶性膜包衣基質、腸溶性膜包衣基質及緩釋膜包衣基質。
作為糖包衣基質,使用蔗糖,且可進一步組合使用選自滑石以及沉澱碳酸鈣、明膠、阿拉伯樹膠、普魯蘭糖、巴西棕櫚蠟等中之一或多個種類。
水溶性膜包衣基質之實例包括纖維素聚合物諸如羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、甲基羥乙基纖維素等;合成聚合物諸如聚乙烯醇縮醛二乙基胺基乙酸酯、胺基烷基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物E[Eudragit E(商品名)]、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮等;以及多醣諸如普魯蘭糖等。
腸溶性膜包衣基質之實例包括纖維素聚合物諸如羥丙基甲基纖維素鄰苯二甲酸酯、羥丙基甲基纖維素乙酸琥珀酸酯、羧甲基乙基纖維素、乙酸鄰苯二甲酸纖維素等;丙烯酸聚合物諸如甲基丙烯酸共聚物L[Eudragit L(商品名)]、甲基丙烯酸共聚物LD[Eudragit L-30D-55(商品名)]、甲基丙烯酸共聚物S[Eudragit S(商品名)]等;以及天然存在的物質諸如蟲膠等。
緩釋膜包衣基質之實例包括纖維素聚合物諸如乙基纖維素等;以及丙烯酸聚合物諸如胺基烷基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物RS[Eudragit RS(商品名)]、丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物懸浮液[Eudragit NE(商品名)]等。
可以適當比率混合使用二或更多種上述包衣基質。另外,例如在包衣期間亦可使用遮光劑諸如二氧化鈦、紅色三氧化二鐵等。
由於本發明之化合物顯示出低毒性(例如,急性毒性、慢性毒性、遺傳毒性、生殖毒性、心臟毒性、致癌性)及較少副作用,因此它可用作哺乳動物(例如人類、牛、馬、狗、貓、猴、小鼠、大鼠)之各種疾病之預防劑或治療劑或診斷劑。
此外,預期本發明之化合物在中樞遷移(central migration)方面更優異。
在本發明之方法或用途中使用的個體之實例包括哺乳動物諸如人類、牛、馬、狗、貓、猴、小鼠及大鼠,較佳地係人。在一些實施例中,個體係阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停(OSA)高風險或在需要全身麻醉的手術後患有OSA之個體。
雖然本發明之化合物之劑量根據投予個體、投予途徑、目標疾病、症狀等而變化,但是例如,當本發明之化合物經口或非經腸投予至成年個體時,其劑量例如為每劑約0.01至100mg/kg體重,較佳地為每劑0.1至50mg/kg體重,且更佳地為每劑0.5至20mg/kg體重。此量理想地以每天一至3份投予。在一些實施例中,本發明之化合物在術後及作為疼痛控制劑之類鴉片投予後投予。
在一些實施例中,本發明之方法包含以下投予步驟:
在術前投予個體有效量的麻醉劑以誘導麻醉,然後在術後投予有效量的化合物(I)或其鹽。
在一些實施例中,本發明之方法包含以下投予步驟:
在術前投予個體有效量的麻醉劑以誘導麻醉,在術後投予有效量的化合物(I)或其鹽,然後投予有效量的類鴉片。
在一些實施例中,本發明之方法包含以下投予步驟:
在術前投予個體有效量的麻醉劑以誘導麻醉,在術後投予有效量的化合物(I)或其鹽,投予有效量的類鴉片,然後投予有效量的化合物(I)或其鹽。
本發明之化合物可與其他藥物(以下簡稱為併用藥物)組合使用。
藉由將本發明之化合物與併用藥物組合,例如,可實現優異的作用,
(1)與單次投予本發明之化合物或併用藥物相比,可減少劑量,
(2)可根據患者之病況(輕症、重症等)選擇與本發明之化合物組合的藥物,
(3)藉由選擇與本發明之化合物具有不同作用及機制的併用藥物,可延長治療期,
(4)藉由選擇與本發明之化合物具有不同作用及機制的併用藥物,可設計持續治療效應,
(5)藉由本發明之化合物與併用藥物等的組合使用,可發揮協同效應。
在本說明書中,將組合使用的本發明之化合物及併用藥物稱為「本發明之組合劑」。
使用本發明之組合劑時,本發明之化合物及併用藥物之投予時間不受限制,並且本發明之化合物或其醫藥組成物、或併用藥物或其醫
藥組成物可同時投予至投予個體,或者可在不同時間投予。併用藥物之劑量可根據臨床使用的劑量確定,並且可根據投予個體、投予途徑、疾病、組合等適當選擇。
本發明之組合劑及併用藥物之投予方式沒有特別限制,並且本發明之化合物及併用藥物只需在投予時組合即可。此種投予方式的實例包括:
(1)投予藉由同時加工本發明之化合物及併用藥物而獲得的單一製劑,(2)藉由相同的投予途徑同時投予分開產生的本發明之化合物及併用藥物之兩種製劑,(3)藉由相同的投予途徑以交錯的方式投予分開產生的本發明之化合物及併用藥物之兩種製劑,(4)藉由不同的投予途徑同時投予分開產生的本發明之化合物及併用藥物之兩種製劑,(5)藉由不同的投予途徑以交錯的方式(例如,以本發明之化合物與併用藥物之次序,或以相反次序)投予分開產生的本發明之化合物及併用藥物之兩種製劑,等。
併用藥物之劑量可基於臨床情況下使用的劑量適當確定。本發明之化合物及併用藥物的混合比率可根據投予個體、投予途徑、目標疾病、症狀、組合等適當確定。
例如,本發明之組合劑中本發明之化合物的含量根據製劑形式而不同,並且通常為基於整個製劑約0.01至約100wt%,較佳地為約0.1至約50wt%,進一步較佳地為約0.5至約20wt%。
本發明之組合劑中併用藥物的含量根據製劑形式而不同,並且通常為基於整個製劑約0.01至約100wt%,較佳地為約0.1至約50wt%,進一步較佳地為約0.5至約20wt%。
本發明之組合劑中諸如載劑等添加劑的含量根據製劑形式而不同,並且通常為基於製劑約1至約99.99wt%,較佳地為約10至約90wt%。
甚至當本發明之化合物及併用藥物分開調配成製劑時,亦可採用類似含量。
併用藥物之實例包括以下。嗜睡症治療藥物(例如,哌醋甲酯(methylphenidate)、安非他明(amphetamine)、匹莫林(pemoline)、苯乙肼(phenelzine)、普羅替林(protriptyline)、羥丁酸鈉(sodium oxybate)、莫達非尼(modafinil)、咖啡因),抗肥胖藥物(安非他明(amphetamine)、苯非他明(benzfetamine)、溴隱亭(bromocriptine)、安非他酮(bupropion)、二乙基丙酸(diethylpropion)、艾塞那肽(exenatide)、芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)、碘塞羅寧(liothyronine)、利拉魯肽(liraglutide)、馬吲哚(mazindol)、甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine)、奧曲肽(octreotide)、奧曲肽(octreotide)、奧利司他(orlistat)、苯二甲嗎啉(phendimetrazine)、苯二甲嗎啉(phendimetrazine)、苯甲嗎啉(phenmetrazine)、芬特明(phentermine)、Qnexa(註冊商標)、苯丙醇胺、普蘭林肽(pramlintide)、丙己胺(propylhexedrine)、重組瘦素(leptin)、西布曲明(sibutramine)、托吡酯(topiramate)、齊美力定(zimelidine)、唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)、氯卡色林(Lorcaserin)、二甲雙胍(metformin)),乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑(例如,多奈哌齊(donepezil)、卡巴拉汀(rivastigmine)、加蘭他敏(galanthamine)、紮那哌齊(zanapezil)、艾地苯醌(idebenone)、他克林(tacrine)),抗癡呆劑(例如美金剛(memantine)),β類澱粉蛋白產生、分泌、積累、聚集及/或沉積的抑
制劑,β分泌酶抑制劑(例如,6-(4-聯苯基)甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基]四氫萘、6-(4-聯苯基)甲氧基-2-(N,N-二甲胺基)甲基四氫萘、6-(4-聯苯基)甲氧基-2-(N,N-二丙基胺基)甲基四氫萘、2-(N,N-二甲基胺基)甲基-6-(4’-甲氧基聯苯基-4-基)甲氧基四氫萘、6-(4-聯苯基)甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二乙基胺基)乙基]四氫萘、2-[2-(N,N-二甲胺基)乙基]-6-(4’-甲基聯苯基-4-基)甲氧基四氫萘、2-[2-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基]-6-(4'-甲氧基聯苯基-4-基)甲氧基四氫萘、6-(2’,4’-二甲氧基聯苯基-4-基)甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基]四氫萘、6-[4-(1,3-苯并二氧戊環-5-基)苯基]甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基]四氫萘、6-(3’,4’-二甲氧基聯苯基-4-基)甲氧基-2-[2-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基]四氫萘、其光學活性形式、其鹽及其水合物、OM99-2(WO01/00663)),γ分泌酶抑制劑,β類澱粉蛋白聚集抑制劑(例如,PTI-00703、ALZHEMED(NC-531)、PPI-368(國際專利申請國家公開第11-514333號)、PPI-558(國際專利申請國家公開第2001-500852號)、SKF-74652(Biochem.J.(1999),340(1),283-289)),β類澱粉蛋白疫苗,β類澱粉蛋白降解酶等,腦功能增強劑(例如阿尼西坦(aniracetam)、尼麥角林(nicergoline)),帕金森病治療藥物[(例如,多巴胺受體促效劑(例如,L-DOPA、溴隱亭(bromocriptine)、培高利特(pergolide)、他立克索(talipexole)、普拉克索(pramipexole)、卡麥角林(cabergoline)、金剛烷胺(amantadine))、單胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制劑(例如,司來吉蘭(deprenyl)、司立吉林(selegiline)、瑞馬醯胺(remacemide)、利魯唑(riluzole))、抗膽鹼能劑(例如,苯海索(trihexyphenidyl)、吡哌立登(biperiden))、COMT抑制劑(例如,恩他卡朋(entacapone))],肌萎縮側索硬化症治療藥物(例如,利魯
唑(riluzole)等、神經營養因子),伴隨癡呆、恍惚等進展之異常行為之治療藥物(例如,鎮靜劑、抗焦慮藥物),凋亡抑制劑(例如,CPI-1189、IDN-6556、CEP-1347)、神經元分化-再生促進劑(例如,來普利寧(leteprinim)、紮立羅燈()(xaliproden);SR-57746-A)、SB-216763、Y-128、VX-853、神經營養肽(prosaptide)、5,6-二甲氧基-2-[2,2,4,6,7-五甲基-3-(4-甲基苯基)-2,3-二氫-1-苯并呋喃-5-基]異吲哚啉、5,6-二甲氧基-2-[3-(4-異丙基苯基)-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基-2,3-二氫-1-苯并呋喃-5-基]異吲哚啉、6-[3-(4-異丙基苯基)-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基-2,3-二氫-1-苯并呋喃-5-基]-6,7-二氫-5H-[1,3]二氧戊環[4,5-f]異吲哚及其光學活性形式、鹽或水合物),非甾體抗炎劑(美洛昔康(meloxicam)、替諾昔康(tenoxicam)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、塞來昔布(celecoxib)、羅非昔布(rofecoxib)、阿斯匹靈、消炎痛(indomethacin)等),類固醇藥物(地塞米松(dexamethasone)、己烷雌酚(hexestrol)、醋酸可的松(cortisone acetate)等),改善疾病的抗風濕劑(DMARD),抗細胞激素藥物(例如,TNF抑制劑、MAP激酶抑制劑),失禁、尿頻治療劑(例如,鹽酸黃酮酯(flavoxate hydrochloride)、鹽酸奧昔布寧(oxybutynin hydrochloride)、鹽酸丙哌維林(propiverine hydrochloride)),磷酸二酯酶抑制劑(例如,西地那非(sildenafil)(檸檬酸鹽)),多巴胺促效劑(例如,阿撲嗎啡(apomorphine)),抗心律失常藥物(例如,美西律(mexiletine)),性激素或其衍生物(例如,黃體酮、雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇)、骨質疏鬆症治療劑(例如,阿法骨化醇(alfacalcidol)、骨化三醇(calcitriol)、依降鈣素(elcatonin)、鮭降鈣素(calcitonin salmon)、雌三醇(estriol)、異丙黃酮(ipriflavone)、帕米膦酸二鈉(pamidronate disodium)、
阿崙膦酸鈉水合物(alendronate sodium hydrate)、英卡膦酸二鈉(incadronate disodium)),甲狀旁腺素(PTH),鈣受體拮抗劑,失眠治療藥物(例如,苯二氮卓類藥劑、非苯二氮卓類藥劑、褪黑激素促效劑、食慾激素受體拮抗劑),精神分裂症治療藥物(例如,典型抗精神病劑諸如氟哌啶醇等;非典型抗精神病劑諸如氯氮平、奧氮平、利培酮、阿立哌唑等;作用於代謝型谷氨酸受體或離子通道綴合型谷氨酸受體之藥劑;磷酸二酯酶抑制劑),苯二氮卓類藥劑(氯二氮卓(chlordiazepoxide)、地西泮(diazepam)、氯氮卓鉀(potassium clorazepate)、勞拉西泮(lorazepam)、氯硝西泮(clonazepam)、阿普唑侖(alprazolam)等),L型鈣通道抑制劑(普瑞巴林(pregabalin)等),三環或四環類抗抑鬱劑(鹽酸丙咪嗪(imipramine hydrochloride)、鹽酸阿米替林(amitriptyline hydrochloride)、鹽酸地昔帕明(desipramine hydrochloride)、鹽酸氯米帕明(clomipramine hydrochloride)等),選擇性5-羥色胺再攝取抑制劑(馬來酸氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine maleate)、鹽酸氟西汀(fluoxetine hydrochloride)、鹽酸西酞普蘭(citalopram hydrobromide)、鹽酸舍曲林(sertraline hydrochloride)、鹽酸帕羅西汀(paroxetine hydrochloride)、草酸依他普崙(escitalopram oxalate)等),5-羥色胺-去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(鹽酸文拉法辛(venlafaxine hydrochloride)、鹽酸度洛西汀(duloxetine hydrochloride)、鹽酸去甲文拉法辛(desvenlafaxine hydrochloride)等),去甲腎上腺素再攝取抑制劑(甲磺酸瑞波西汀(reboxetine mesylate)等),米氮平(mirtazapine),鹽酸曲唑酮(trazodone hydrochloride),鹽酸奈法唑酮(nefazodone hydrochloride),鹽酸安非他酮(bupropion hydrochloride)、馬來酸西替替
林(setiptiline maleate),5-HT1A促效劑(鹽酸丁螺環酮(buspirone hydrochloride)、檸檬酸坦多螺酮(tandospirone citrate)、鹽酸奧司唑坦(osemozotan hydrochloride)等),5-HT2A促效劑,5-HT2A反向促效劑,5-HT3促效劑(氰美馬嗪(cyamemazine)等),心臟非選擇性β抑制劑(鹽酸普萘洛爾(propranolol hydrochloride),鹽酸奧普洛爾(oxprenolol hydrochloride)等),組胺H1拮抗劑(鹽酸羥嗪(hydroxyzine hydrochloride)等),CRF拮抗劑,其他抗焦慮藥物(甲丙氨酯(meprobamate)等),速激肽(tachykinin)拮抗劑(MK-869、沙瑞度坦(saredutant)等),作用於代謝型麩胺酸受體之藥劑,CCK拮抗劑,β3腎上腺素拮抗劑(鹽酸阿米貝隆(amibegron hydrochloride)等),GAT-1抑制劑(鹽酸噻加賓(tiagabine hydrochloride)等),N型鈣通道抑制劑,碳酸酐酶II抑制劑,NMDA甘氨酸部分促效劑,NMDA拮抗劑(美金剛等),外周苯二氮卓受體促效劑,加壓素(vasopressin)拮抗劑,加壓素V1b拮抗劑,加壓素V1a拮抗劑,磷酸二酯酶抑制劑,類鴉片拮抗劑,類鴉片促效劑,尿苷,菸鹼酸受體促效劑,甲狀腺激素(T3、T4),TSH,TRH,MAO抑制劑(硫酸苯乙肼(phenelzine sulfate)、硫酸反苯環丙胺(tranylcypromine sulfate)、嗎氯貝胺(moclobemide)等),躁鬱症治療藥物(碳酸鋰、丙戊酸鈉、拉莫三嗪(lamotrigine)、利魯唑、非爾氨酯(felbamate)等),大麻素CB1拮抗劑(利莫那班(rimonabant)等),FAAH抑制劑,鈉通道抑制劑,抗ADHD藥物(鹽酸哌甲酯(methylphenidate hydrochloride)、鹽酸甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine hydrochloride)等),酗酒治療藥物,自閉症治療藥物,慢性疲勞症候群治療藥物,痙攣治療藥物,纖維肌痛症候群治療藥物,頭
痛治療藥物,戒煙治療藥物,重症肌無力治療藥物,腦梗塞治療藥物,躁狂治療藥物,嗜睡治療藥物,疼痛治療藥物,心境惡劣治療藥物,自主神經性共濟失調治療藥物,男女性功能障礙治療藥物,偏頭痛治療藥物,病態賭徒治療藥物,不寧腿症候群治療藥物,物質成癮治療藥物,酒精相關症候群治療藥物,腸易激症候群治療藥物,血脂異常治療藥物諸如降膽固醇藥物(他汀系列(普伐他汀鈉(pravastatin sodium)、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、瑞舒伐他汀(rosuvastatin)等)、貝特類(氯貝特(clofibrate)等)、角鯊烯合成酶抑制劑),由於癡呆的異常行為治療藥物或由於癡呆的嗜睡症抑制劑(鎮靜劑、抗焦慮劑等),糖尿病治療藥物,糖尿病併發症治療劑,高血壓治療藥物,低血壓治療藥,利尿劑,化療劑,免疫治療劑,抗血栓劑,抗癌劑等。
可以適當比率混合使用二或更多種上述併用藥物。
本發明之化合物亦可與生物製劑(例如,抗體藥物、核酸或核酸衍生物、適體藥物、疫苗製劑)組合使用,或可與基因療法等組合使用,或亦可在不使用藥物的情況下與精神病學領域之治療組合使用。
不使用藥物的精神病學領域之治療方法之實例包括改良電痙攣療法、深部腦刺激療法、重複經顱磁刺激療法、包括認知行為療法的心理療法等。
化合物(I)的作用,例如「手術後恢復」、「促進麻醉恢復」、「縮短麻醉恢復時間」、「預防或治療術後呼吸障礙/抑制」、「預防或治療由類鴉片誘導的呼吸障礙/抑制」、「減少類鴉片的副作用」、「預防或
治療術後鎮靜」及「預防或治療由類鴉片誘導的鎮靜」,藉由下文實驗實例中所示之方法評定或評估。
在一些實施例中,呼吸障礙/抑制藉由全身體積描記法(WBP)評定。對於WBP,評定呼吸參數,諸如呼吸頻率(RR)、潮氣量(TV)及分鐘容量(MV)。在一些實施例中,呼吸障礙/抑制藉由動脈血氧飽和度(SaO2)、外周(或經皮)血氧飽和度(SpO2)、呼氣末二氧化碳張力(PETCO2)或其任何視情況選用之組合評定。
在一些實施例中,鎮靜藉由里士滿激動-鎮靜量表(RASS)、拉姆齊鎮靜量表(RSS)、改良的觀察者警覺性評定、鎮靜量表(MOAAS)或其任何視情況選用之組合評定。
如下文實驗實例所示,化合物(I)不影響或抵消類鴉片的鎮痛作用。因此,化合物(I)在「預防或治療由類鴉片誘導的呼吸障礙/抑制」、「減少類鴉片的副作用」及/或「預防或治療由類鴉片誘導的鎮靜」之方法中非常有用。
與化合物(I)一樣,其他食慾激素受體促效劑可用於個體手術後恢復之方法。作為食慾激素受體促效劑,可使用以下文獻中揭示之化合物(WO2017/135306、WO2018/164191、WO2018/164192、WO2019/027003、WO2019/027058、WO2020/004536、WO2020/004537、WO2020/122092、WO2020/122093、WO2020/158958、WO2020/167701、WO2020/167706、WO2021/026047)。
在食慾激素受體促效劑中,食慾激素2受體選擇性促效劑係較佳的。食慾激素2受體選擇性促效劑係食慾激素2受體促效活性為食慾
激素1受體促效活性之大於200倍之化合物。更佳地,食慾激素2受體選擇性促效劑係食慾激素2受體促效活性為食慾激素1受體促效活性之大於500倍之化合物。此外較佳地,食慾激素2受體選擇性促效劑係食慾激素2受體促效活性為食慾激素1受體促效活性之大於1,000倍之化合物。
在一些實施例中,化合物(I)或其鹽可用於在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停(OSA)高風險或患有需要全身麻醉(吸入或IV)的手術後的OSA之成人中實現呼吸控制及低氧血症預防。
在一些實施例中,化合物(I)或其鹽在化合物(I)或其鹽開始後90分鐘內經歷定義為SpO2 90%的低氧血症之術後患者之比例比安慰劑降低20%(>70%概率)。在此,化合物(I)的劑量在一些實施例中為5.6至22.4mg。在一些實施例中,此劑量用於IV輸注。
實例
提出以下實例係為了向所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者提供關於如何製備及使用本發明之組成物及治療方法之完整揭露及描述,並且不旨在限制發明人認為的其發明之範圍。
化合物(I)(3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯)根據WO 2017/135306 A1中所述之方法製備並進行以下實驗實例。
麻醉恢復時間(異氟醚及丙泊酚)
實驗實例1:藉由大鼠翻正反射評定的化合物(I)對異氟醚誘導的麻醉恢復時間的影響。
8週齡的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠購自Charles river Japan。為了誘導並維持異氟醚麻醉,將大鼠置於預先填充4%異氟醚的麻醉誘導室中。麻醉誘導被定義為大鼠在籠中以仰臥位放置後無法自行進入俯臥位(失去翻正反射:LORR)。確認LORR後,使用面罩將大鼠暴露於3%異氟醚並維持30min。LORR十五分鐘後,以5mL/kg體重(BW)的體積向大鼠皮下(SC)投予化合物(I)。作為酶劑處理的對照,向大鼠投予蒸餾水中之10.5%(w/v)Captisol®(CyDex Pharmaceuticals,KS,USA)/1.5mM Na2HPO4。確認LORR後三十分鐘,停止異氟醚吸入,並將LORR恢復時間記錄為麻醉持續時間。在麻醉期間及麻醉後使用加熱墊將體溫維持在37.0至37.5℃。結果如表1所示。
實驗實例2:藉由大鼠翻正反射評定的化合物(I)對丙泊酚誘導的麻醉恢復時間的影響。
8週齡的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠購自Charles river Japan。為了誘導並維持丙泊酚麻醉,向大鼠靜脈內投予推注劑量的丙泊酚(10mg/kg)。確認LORR後,將大鼠以仰臥位輕輕置於加熱墊上,以將體溫維持在37.0-37.5℃。隨後,丙泊酚以60mg/kg/hr連續投予30min。LORR十五分鐘後,以5mL/kg BW的體積向大鼠SC投予化合物(I)。作為酶劑
處理的對照,向大鼠投予蒸餾水中之10.5%(w/v)Captisol®/1.5mM Na2HPO4。確認LORR後三十分鐘,停止丙泊酚輸注,並將LORR恢復時間記錄為麻醉持續時間。結果如表2所示。
自表1及表2清楚地看出,藉由大鼠翻正反射評定,化合物(I)縮短了異氟醚及丙泊酚誘導的麻醉恢復時間。
抑制類鴉片(芬太尼)誘導的副作用而不影響疼痛
實驗實例3:藉由大鼠翻正反射評定的化合物(I)對芬太尼(0.1mg/kg)誘導的鎮靜的影響。
8週齡的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠購自Charles river Japan。在此研究中,LORR被用作鎮靜的指標。為了誘導鎮靜,以2mL/kg BW的體積向大鼠SC投予0.1mg/kg芬太尼。投予芬太尼十分鐘後,在所有大鼠中觀察到LORR,然後以5mL/kg BW的體積SC投予化合物(I)。作為酶劑處理的對照,投予蒸餾水中之10.5%(w/v)Captisol®/1.5mM Na2HPO4。將LORR恢復時間記錄為鎮靜持續時間。
結果如表3所示。藉由大鼠翻正反射評定,化合物(I)縮短了芬太尼誘導的鎮靜持續時間。
實驗實例4:藉由全身體積描記法(WBP)評定化合物(I)對芬太尼(0.1mg/kg)誘導的大鼠呼吸抑制的影響。
8週齡的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠購自Charles river Japan。呼吸功能由WBP評定,該WBP具有用於連續輸送新鮮室內空氣及去除呼出二氧化碳的流入及流出端口。在此等實驗條件下,在投予芬太尼(0.1mg/kg,SC)後就將大鼠置於WBP室中。呼吸參數諸如呼吸頻率(RR)、潮氣量(TV)及分鐘容量(MV)由壓力傳感器檢測,並用數據採集軟體(FinePoint軟體,Data Sciences International,Inc.)記錄。所有呼吸參數均以芬太尼投予自0至30min的1-min量測值之個體積分值作為30分鐘積分值進行分析。在投予芬太尼前15min,向大鼠SC投予化合物(I)。
結果如表4所示。作為結果,芬太尼(0.1m/kg作為酶劑組)與基礎組相比降低了RR及MV。在此等實驗條件下,與酶劑組相比,化合
物(I)增加了RR、TV及MV,表明化合物(I)抑制大鼠的芬太尼誘導的呼吸抑制。
實驗實例5:藉由在大鼠中使用福馬林試驗評定化合物(I)對芬太尼誘導的鎮痛作用的影響。
8週齡的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠購自Charles river Japan。化合物(I)投予後30min,左後爪SC注射2.5vol%福馬林溶液,化合物(I)投予後15min,投予芬太尼(0.045mg/kg)。在痛閾的量測中,在福馬林注射後1、6、11、16、21、26、31、36、41、46、51、56及61min的13個點計數1min內疼痛行為(退縮)的次數。階段I(福馬林直接刺激周圍神經系統引起的疼痛)係在福馬林注射後1至11min,並且階段II(與第一階段刺激誘發的脊髓後角神經元敏感性增加有關的疼痛)係自福馬林注射後16至61min,各階段中退縮次數相加。
結果如表5所示。如藉由大鼠退縮總數減少所評定,芬太尼(0.045mg/kg)在福馬林疼痛模型中顯示出鎮痛作用。在此等實驗條件下,化合物(I)未抵消大鼠中芬太尼的鎮痛作用。
實驗實例6:藉由在大鼠中使用皮膚切口術後疼痛模型評定化合物(I)對芬太尼誘導的鎮痛作用的影響。
8週齡的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠購自Charles river Japan。在異氟醚麻醉下,在右腳足底面的皮膚上做一個1cm縱向切口,自腳跟邊緣0.5cm開始並向腳趾延伸。用鑷子提起暴露的蹠肌並做縱向切口。將蹠肌恢復到原來的位置後,用經消毒的針線(耐綸,5-0)在兩個點處縫合皮膚上的切口。縫合後,在手術部位塗抹含抗生素的軟膏。手術足用消毒碘酒及酒精消毒,並且使用滅菌手套及無菌手術器械。右後爪足墊的痛閾(g)的量測係使用動態足底觸覺計組量測的,以使壓力在10sec內達到0g至50
g。痛閾係3次量測之平均值。皮膚切口後立即SC投予芬太尼,並且皮膚切口前15min SC投予化合物(I)。
結果如表6所示。如藉由大鼠中之痛閾(g)所量測,芬太尼(0.03mg/kg)在術後皮膚切口模型中顯示出鎮痛作用。在此等實驗條件下,化合物(I)未抵消大鼠中芬太尼的鎮痛作用。
結果表明,化合物(I)OX2R選擇性促效劑具有促進麻醉恢復時間及抑制類鴉片誘導的副作用而不影響疼痛的潛力。
調配實例1(膠囊的產生)
1)化合物(I) 30mg
2)結晶纖維素 10mg
3)乳糖 19mg
4)硬脂酸鎂 1mg
總計 60mg
將1)、2)、3)及4)混合且填充在明膠膠囊中。
調配實例2(片劑的產生)
1)化合物(I) 30g
2)乳糖 50g
3)玉米澱粉 15g
4)羧甲基纖維素鈣 44g
5)硬脂酸鎂 1g
1000粒 共140g
將1)、2)、3)及30g 4)之總量用水捏合,真空乾燥並過篩。將過篩後的粉末與14g 4)及1g 5)混合,並將混合物用壓錠機沖壓。以此方式,得到每錠劑含有30mg化合物(I)的1000個錠劑。
調配實例3(注射用凍乾調配物的產生)
[0114]將化合物(I)(50mg)溶解於日本藥典注射用蒸餾水(50ml)中,並加入日本藥典注射用蒸餾水至100ml。在無菌條件下過濾溶液,並在無菌條件下將1ml溶液裝入注射小瓶中,冷凍乾燥並密封。
工業適用性
本發明之化合物(I)具有食慾激素2型促效劑活性,且可用於手術後復原(改善麻醉維持後的意識延遲且改善由於類鴉片的鎮靜及呼吸抑制)。
Claims (7)
- 一種用於需要其之個體之手術後恢復之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯或其鹽。
- 一種用於促進需要其之個體之麻醉恢復或縮短麻醉恢復時間之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯或其鹽。
- 一種用於預防或治療需要其之個體之手術後呼吸障礙/抑制或由類鴉片誘導的呼吸障礙/抑制之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯或其鹽。
- 一種用於減少需要其之個體之類鴉片副作用之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯或其鹽。
- 一種用於預防或治療需要其之個體之手術後鎮靜或由類鴉片誘導的鎮靜之方法,其包含向該個體投予有效量的3-((甲基磺醯基)胺基)-2-(((4-苯基環己基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯或其鹽。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項所述之方法,其中,該投予係非經口投予。
- 如請求項6所述之方法,其中,該非經口投予係靜脈內投予、皮下投予、經皮投予或經黏膜投予。
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