TW202146103A - Apparatus and method for combustion exhaust gas purification - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for combustion exhaust gas purification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種用以去除燃燒排氣中所含之二氧化碳等之氣體淨化處理相關裝置及方法。The present invention relates to an apparatus and method related to gas purification treatment for removing carbon dioxide and the like contained in combustion exhaust gas.
一直要求減少被認為是全球暖化原因之一之二氧化碳之排出量。另一方面,由於燃燒生質、煤等時產生之灰為強鹼性,故而要求對其安全地進行處置。There have been demands to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which are considered to be one of the causes of global warming. On the other hand, since ash generated when biomass, coal, etc. is burned is strongly alkaline, it is required to be disposed of safely.
各種與二氧化碳之排出量減少相關之技術及與燃燒灰之處置相關之技術不斷被提出。
例如,專利文獻1揭示有一種藉由濕式石灰石-石膏法所進行之排煙脫硫裝置之排水處理法,其特徵在於:將來自應用於燃燒排氣處理之利用濕式石灰石-石膏法之排煙脫硫裝置之排水濃縮,使回收水分返回至排煙脫硫裝置,向該濃縮水中添加煤灰使其漿化,其後使該漿料中之水分蒸發,而使包含排水中之溶解成分與煤灰之水合反應產物之沈澱物生成,藉此使上述排水不排出至排煙脫硫裝置體系外。Various technologies related to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and technologies related to the disposal of combustion ash are constantly being proposed.
For example,
專利文獻2揭示有一種濕式排煙脫硫方法,其係將燃燒排氣引導至吸收塔,藉由吸收劑漿料吸收去除排氣中之硫氧化物之濕式排煙脫硫方法,其特徵在於:從吸收塔抽出一部分吸收劑漿料,添加煤灰、熟石灰加以混合之後,進行加熱而獲得無公害之固形物。
專利文獻3揭示有一種脫塵脫硫同時處理方法,其特徵在於:於利用包含鹼性物質之脫硫劑吸收去除燃燒排氣中之硫氧化物之濕式排煙脫硫方法中,將包含煤燃燒灰之排氣冷卻至40℃以下,使煤燃燒灰混入該冷凝水中,藉由向該煤燃燒灰與冷凝水之漿料中添加脫硫劑而成之脫硫吸收液將排氣中之硫氧化物分離去除。Patent Document 3 discloses a simultaneous dedusting and desulfurization treatment method, which is characterized in that, in a wet flue gas desulfurization method for absorbing and removing sulfur oxides in combustion exhaust gas using a desulfurizing agent containing an alkaline substance, a method comprising: The exhaust gas of coal combustion ash is cooled to below 40°C, and the coal combustion ash is mixed into the condensed water. The sulfur oxides are separated and removed.
專利文獻4揭示有一種脫硫排水之煤灰固化處理方法,其特徵在於具備兩階段之氯濃縮步驟:於自設置於排氣管線之利用濕式石灰石-石膏法之脫硫裝置之吸收塔將脫硫排水排出至體系外之脫硫排水處理法中,檢測出於吸收塔內循環之吸收液中之氯離子濃度,藉由調整自吸收塔抽出之吸收液之量及來自體系外之補給水量而將吸收液中之氯離子濃度濃縮至特定濃度,將自吸收塔內抽出至體系外之吸收液送至石膏回收裝置,將分離回收石膏後殘留之吸收液送至設置於排氣管線之濃縮塔,與燃燒排氣接觸,藉此使該濃縮塔內之循環液中之氯離子濃度濃縮至設定濃度;並且於向自該濃縮塔抽出之液體中添加煤灰、石灰、水泥之至少一種物質以上之後進行乾燥。Patent Document 4 discloses a coal ash solidification treatment method for desulfurization waste water, which is characterized by having a two-stage chlorine concentration step: adding chlorine from an absorption tower of a desulfurization device using a wet limestone-gypsum method installed in an exhaust line. The desulfurization wastewater is discharged to the outside of the system in the desulfurization wastewater treatment method, and the chloride ion concentration in the absorption liquid circulating in the absorption tower is detected, and the amount of the absorption liquid extracted from the absorption tower and the amount of make-up water from outside the system are adjusted. The chloride ion concentration in the absorption liquid is concentrated to a specific concentration, the absorption liquid extracted from the absorption tower to the outside of the system is sent to the gypsum recovery device, and the absorption liquid remaining after the separation and recovery of gypsum is sent to the concentration set in the exhaust line. The tower is in contact with the combustion exhaust gas, thereby concentrating the chloride ion concentration in the circulating liquid in the concentration tower to a predetermined concentration; and adding at least one substance of coal ash, lime and cement to the liquid extracted from the concentration tower After the above, drying is performed.
專利文獻5揭示有一種二氧化碳之吸收固定化方法,其特徵在於:使煤灰水漿料或煤灰水溶出液與燃燒排氣進行氣液接觸,而與該燃燒排氣中之二氧化碳反應,進行吸收,而作為碳酸鹽固定化。
專利文獻6揭示有一種二氧化碳之固定化方法,其特徵在於:將含有灰分之燃料、垃圾及生質之至少任一者投入燃燒爐中燃燒,對燃燒排氣之顯熱進行熱回收,其後,將熱回收後之燃燒排氣導入至CO2 固定化反應器,並且將來自燃燒爐之燃燒灰導入至該CO2 固定化反應器,於CO2 固定化反應器內使燃燒排氣與燃燒灰接觸,使燃燒排氣中之二氧化碳藉由燃燒灰中之金屬氧化物碳酸化而作為碳酸鹽固定化,並且回收碳酸化時產生之反應熱,將所回收之熱用於發電。Patent Document 6 discloses a method for immobilizing carbon dioxide, which is characterized in that at least any one of fuel containing ash, garbage, and biomass is put into a combustion furnace to be burned, and sensible heat of combustion exhaust gas is heat recovered, and then , the combustion exhaust gas after heat recovery is introduced into the CO 2 immobilization reactor, and the combustion ash from the combustion furnace is introduced into the CO 2 immobilization reactor, and the combustion exhaust gas is combined with combustion in the CO 2 immobilization reactor. The ash contacts, so that the carbon dioxide in the combustion exhaust is immobilized as carbonate by carbonation of the metal oxides in the combustion ash, and the reaction heat generated during the carbonation is recovered, and the recovered heat is used for power generation.
專利文獻7揭示有一種生質混合燃燒鍋爐系統,其具備:粉碎煤之煤用立式粉碎機、粉碎包含生質之固體燃料之生質用立式粉碎機、燃燒經粉碎之上述煤與上述固體燃料之鍋爐、及用以去除自上述鍋爐排出之燃燒排氣中之灰之集塵裝置;該生質混合燃燒鍋爐系統之特徵在於:設置有排氣投入管線,其自上述集塵裝置之燃燒排氣流下流側抽出上述燃燒排氣之一部分並引導至上述生質用立式粉碎機;設置有製造脫硫漿料之漿料製造裝置,該脫硫漿料包含由上述集塵裝置所捕獲之煤灰、及作為脫硫部分之鹼金屬鹽;且設置有漿料供給管線,其將上述脫硫漿料引導至上述生質用立式粉碎機。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]Patent Document 7 discloses a biomass co-combustion boiler system comprising: a vertical pulverizer for pulverizing coal, a vertical pulverizer for pulverizing solid fuel containing biomass, and burning the pulverized coal and the above-mentioned pulverized coal. A solid fuel boiler and a dust collecting device for removing ash from the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the above-mentioned boiler; the biomass mixed combustion boiler system is characterized in that: an exhaust gas input line is provided, which is discharged from the above-mentioned dust collecting device. A part of the combustion exhaust gas is extracted from the downstream side of the combustion exhaust gas flow and guided to the above-mentioned vertical pulverizer for biomass; a slurry production device for producing desulfurization slurry is provided, and the desulfurization slurry contains the dust collected by the above-mentioned dust collector. The captured coal ash, and the alkali metal salt as a desulfurization part; and a slurry supply line is provided which guides the desulfurized slurry to the vertical mill for biomass. [Prior Art Literature] [Patent Literature]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開平3-8411號公報 [專利文獻2]日本專利特開平4-141216號公報 [專利文獻3]日本專利特開平6-126127號公報 [專利文獻4]日本專利特開平9-29058號公報 [專利文獻5]日本專利特開2004-261658號公報 [專利文獻6]日本專利特開平11-192416號公報 [專利文獻7]日本專利特開2012-137250號公報[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-8411 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-141216 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-126127 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-29058 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-261658 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-192416 [Patent Document 7] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-137250
[發明所欲解決之問題][Problems to be Solved by Invention]
本發明之課題在於提供一種用以去除燃燒排氣中所含之二氧化碳等之燃燒排氣淨化處理相關裝置及方法。 [解決問題之技術手段]An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for purifying combustion exhaust gas for removing carbon dioxide and the like contained in combustion exhaust gas. [Technical means to solve problems]
為了解決上述課題,而完成了包含以下形態之本發明。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention including the following aspects has been completed.
[1]一種燃燒排氣之淨化方法,其包括: 使燃燒灰懸浮於水中而獲得燃燒灰水漿料; 對燃燒灰水漿料實施固液分離處理而獲得液體部分;繼而 使該液體部分與燃燒排氣接觸,而自該氣體中去除二氧化碳。[1] A method for purifying combustion exhaust gas, comprising: Suspended combustion ash in water to obtain combustion ash-water slurry; The liquid part is obtained by subjecting the combustion ash-water slurry to solid-liquid separation treatment; then Contacting the liquid portion with the combustion exhaust gas removes carbon dioxide from the gas.
[2]如[1]所記載之方法,其中液體部分與燃燒排氣之接觸係藉由將液體部分噴霧至燃燒排氣中而進行。 [3]如[1]或[2]所記載之方法,其進而包括向液體部分中添加鹼。[2] The method of [1], wherein the contacting of the liquid portion with the combustion exhaust gas is carried out by spraying the liquid portion into the combustion exhaust gas. [3] The method according to [1] or [2], further comprising adding a base to the liquid portion.
[4]一種燃燒排氣之淨化方法,其包括: 使燃燒排氣通過濕式排煙脫硫裝置,自上述燃燒排氣中去除硫氧化物,而獲得包含二氧化碳之氣體; 使燃燒灰懸浮於水中而獲得燃燒灰水漿料; 對燃燒灰水漿料實施固液分離處理而獲得液體部分;繼而 使該液體部分與上述包含二氧化碳之氣體之一部分或全部接觸,而自該氣體中去除二氧化碳。[4] A method for purifying combustion exhaust gas, comprising: Passing the combustion exhaust gas through a wet flue gas desulfurization device to remove sulfur oxides from the combustion exhaust gas to obtain a gas containing carbon dioxide; Suspended combustion ash in water to obtain combustion ash-water slurry; The liquid part is obtained by subjecting the combustion ash-water slurry to solid-liquid separation treatment; then The carbon dioxide is removed from the gas by contacting the liquid portion with some or all of the aforementioned carbon dioxide-containing gas.
[5]如[4]所記載之燃燒排氣之淨化方法,其中液體部分與包含二氧化碳之氣體之接觸係藉由將液體部分噴霧至包含二氧化碳之氣體中而進行。 [6]如[4]或[5]所記載之方法,其進而包括向液體部分中添加鹼。[5] The method for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to [4], wherein the contacting of the liquid part with the gas containing carbon dioxide is performed by spraying the liquid part into the gas containing carbon dioxide. [6] The method according to [4] or [5], further comprising adding a base to the liquid portion.
[7]如[1]至[6]中任一項所記載之方法,其中使燃燒灰懸浮之水係自濕式排煙脫硫裝置排出之水。 [8]如[1]至[7]中任一項所記載之方法,其中燃燒灰係煤灰、生質灰或煤灰與生質灰之混合物。 [9]如[1]至[8]中任一項所記載之方法,其中對燃燒灰水漿料實施之固液分離處理包括:對燃燒灰水漿料實施重力式固液分離處理,繼而實施離心式固液分離處理。[7] The method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the water for suspending the combustion ash is water discharged from a wet flue gas desulfurization device. [8] The method according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the combustion ash is coal ash, biomass ash, or a mixture of coal ash and biomass ash. [9] The method according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the solid-liquid separation treatment performed on the combustion ash-water slurry comprises: performing gravity-type solid-liquid separation treatment on the combustion ash-water slurry, followed by the following steps: Perform centrifugal solid-liquid separation treatment.
[10]一種用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置,其具有: 火爐、濕式排煙脫硫裝置、二氧化碳去除裝置、用以將自火爐排出之燃燒排氣引導至濕式排煙脫硫裝置之煙道、及用以將自濕式排煙脫硫裝置排出之包含二氧化碳之氣體引導至二氧化碳去除裝置之煙道, 二氧化碳去除裝置具有: 用以使燃燒灰懸浮於水中而獲得燃燒灰水漿料之機構、 用以對燃燒灰水漿料實施固液分離處理而獲得液體部分之機構、及 用以使上述液體部分與包含二氧化碳之氣體接觸之機構。[10] A device for purifying combustion exhaust gas, comprising: Furnace, wet flue gas desulfurization device, carbon dioxide removal device, flue for guiding combustion exhaust gas discharged from the furnace to wet flue gas desulfurization device, and for discharging self-wet flue gas desulfurization device The gas containing carbon dioxide is led to the flue of the carbon dioxide removal device, The carbon dioxide removal unit has: Mechanism for suspending combustion ash in water to obtain combustion ash-water slurry, Mechanism for obtaining a liquid portion by subjecting a combustion ash-water slurry to solid-liquid separation treatment, and A mechanism for bringing the above-mentioned liquid portion into contact with a gas containing carbon dioxide.
[11]如[10]所記載之裝置,其中二氧化碳去除裝置進而具有將上述液體部分噴霧至包含二氧化碳之氣體中之機構。 [12]如[9]或[11]所記載之裝置,其中使燃燒灰懸浮之水係自濕式排煙脫硫裝置排出之水。 [13]如[10]至[12]中任一項所記載之裝置,其中燃燒灰係煤灰、生質灰或煤灰與生質灰之混合物。 [14]如[10]至[13]中任一項所記載之裝置,其中用以對燃燒灰水漿料實施固液分離處理而獲得液體部分之機構包括:對燃燒灰水漿料實施重力式固液分離處理,繼而實施離心式固液分離處理。 [發明之效果][11] The device according to [10], wherein the carbon dioxide removal device further includes a mechanism for spraying the above-mentioned liquid part into a gas containing carbon dioxide. [12] The device according to [9] or [11], wherein the water for suspending the combustion ash is water discharged from the wet flue gas desulfurization device. [13] The apparatus of any one of [10] to [12], wherein the combustion ash is coal ash, biomass ash, or a mixture of coal ash and biomass ash. [14] The apparatus according to any one of [10] to [13], wherein the means for performing a solid-liquid separation process on the combustion ash-water slurry to obtain a liquid portion comprises: applying gravity to the combustion ash-water slurry solid-liquid separation treatment, followed by centrifugal solid-liquid separation treatment. [Effect of invention]
根據本發明之燃燒排氣淨化處理法及裝置,可利用因燃燒煤或生質燃料而副產之燃燒灰、及視需要去除燃燒排氣中所含之硫氧化物之過程中副產之包含鈣之水漿料或水溶液等,而有效率地去除二氧化碳。According to the combustion exhaust gas purification treatment method and device of the present invention, the combustion ash produced by burning coal or biomass fuel, and the by-products in the process of removing sulfur oxides contained in the combustion exhaust gas can be used if necessary. Calcium water slurry or aqueous solution, etc., and effectively remove carbon dioxide.
[用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之方法] 本發明之燃燒排氣淨化處理法包括:自燃燒排氣中去除二氧化碳(排煙脫碳酸)。本發明之燃燒排氣淨化處理法視需要包括去除硫氧化物(排煙脫硫)。[Method for purifying combustion exhaust gas] The combustion exhaust gas purification treatment method of the present invention comprises: removing carbon dioxide from combustion exhaust gas (exhaust gas decarbonation). The combustion exhaust gas purification treatment method of the present invention optionally includes removal of sulfur oxides (flue gas desulfurization).
燃燒排氣係燃燒以下物質時所排出之氣體:煤、液化天然氣、石油等化石燃料;木屑、稻草、木質廢料、動物糞便、廚餘垃圾等生質燃料;化石燃料與生質燃料之混合物等。此種燃燒排氣含有氮氧化物、硫氧化物、二氧化碳等被認為會對環境造成影響之酸性物質。本發明尤其是以設置於鍋爐等之火爐中之燃燒所排出之氣體為對象為佳。再者,自火爐之底部能夠獲得燃燒灰(爐渣)。又,自節熱器或空氣預熱器之底部能夠獲得燃燒灰(飛灰)。Combustion exhaust gas is the gas emitted when the following substances are burned: fossil fuels such as coal, liquefied natural gas, and petroleum; biomass fuels such as wood chips, straw, wood waste, animal manure, kitchen waste, etc.; mixtures of fossil fuels and biomass fuels, etc. . Such combustion exhaust gas contains nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide and other acidic substances that are considered to have an impact on the environment. In particular, the present invention is preferably aimed at the gas discharged from the combustion installed in a furnace such as a boiler. Furthermore, combustion ash (slag) can be obtained from the bottom of the furnace. Also, combustion ash (fly ash) can be obtained from the bottom of the economizer or air preheater.
本發明之燃燒排氣淨化處理法較佳為進而包括:自燃燒排氣中去除氮氧化物,亦即排煙脫硝。 排煙脫硝例如可藉由於氨等還原劑之存在下使燃燒排氣與脫硝觸媒接觸而進行。作為所使用之脫硝觸媒,並無特別限制,可例舉氧化鈦系脫硝觸媒、沸石系脫硝觸媒、其等之混合系脫硝觸媒等。排煙脫硝較佳為於後述之排煙集塵、排煙脫硫之前進行。The combustion exhaust gas purification treatment method of the present invention preferably further comprises: removing nitrogen oxides from the combustion exhaust gas, that is, exhaust gas denitrification. The exhaust gas denitrification can be performed, for example, by bringing the combustion exhaust gas into contact with a denitration catalyst in the presence of a reducing agent such as ammonia. The denitration catalyst to be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include titanium oxide-based denitration catalysts, zeolite-based denitration catalysts, and mixed denitration catalysts thereof. The flue gas denitrification is preferably performed before the later-described flue gas and dust collection and flue gas desulfurization.
本發明之燃燒排氣淨化處理法較佳為進而包括:自燃燒排氣中去除燃燒灰,亦即排煙集塵。 排煙集塵可藉由使燃燒排氣通過例如旋風分離機、電氣集塵機、過濾袋等集塵裝置而進行。藉由排煙集塵,可將燃燒灰(飛灰)自燃燒排氣中去除。燃燒灰(飛灰)可適當收集,而用於後述之二氧化碳之去除。The combustion exhaust gas purification treatment method of the present invention preferably further comprises: removing combustion ash from the combustion exhaust gas, that is, exhausting smoke and collecting dust. Fume extraction and dust collection can be performed by passing the combustion exhaust gas through a dust collection device such as a cyclone, an electric precipitator, a filter bag, or the like. Combustion ash (fly ash) can be removed from combustion exhaust gas by exhausting smoke and collecting dust. Combustion ash (fly ash) can be appropriately collected and used for the removal of carbon dioxide described later.
排煙脫硫係藉由使燃燒排氣通過濕式排煙脫硫裝置5而進行。作為濕式排煙脫硫之代表性方法,可例舉:石灰-石膏法、氫氧化鎂法、鹼法等。本發明中所使用之濕式排煙脫硫裝置較佳為包含可使燃燒排氣與包含石灰石(CaCO3
)、熟石灰(Ca(OH)2
)或生石灰(CaO)之水漿料接觸之氣體吸收裝置。藉由該氣體吸收裝置,燃燒排氣中之硫氧化物會與水漿料中之石灰石、熟石灰或生石灰反應而成為亞硫酸鈣,且將該亞硫酸鈣氧化而成為硫酸鈣(石膏)。利用可將石膏分離去除之裝置將石膏從自氣體吸收裝置排出之石膏漿料(包含鈣之水漿料)中分離去除。藉由分離去除該石膏,可獲得石膏脫水濾液(包含鈣之水溶液)。另一方面,自濕式排煙脫硫裝置排出包含二氧化碳之氣體。The flue gas desulfurization system is performed by passing the combustion exhaust gas through the wet flue
排煙脫碳酸係藉由使對燃燒灰水漿料實施固液分離處理而獲得之液體部分與自鍋爐或渦輪排出之燃燒排氣或藉由上述濕式排煙脫硫所獲得之包含二氧化碳之氣體接觸而進行。Flue gas decarbonation is obtained by subjecting the liquid part of the combustion ash-water slurry to solid-liquid separation treatment and the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the boiler or turbine or the carbon dioxide-containing gas obtained by the above-mentioned wet flue gas desulphurization. gas contact.
燃燒灰亦可為自火爐之底部獲得之爐底灰、自節熱器或空氣預熱器之底部獲得之飛灰、或於排煙集塵之過程之獲得之飛灰、或於其他之焚化爐、火力發電廠、工廠等處所獲得之燃燒灰。其中,要想容易製備水漿料,使用飛灰為佳。又,燃燒灰較佳為煤灰、生質灰或煤灰與生質灰之混合物。生質灰與煤灰等相比鹼性較高,因此可提高後述之液體部分之pH值。水漿料中所含之燃燒灰之量並無特別限定,較佳為3~30質量%,更佳為5~15質量%。Combustion ash can also be bottom ash obtained from the bottom of the furnace, fly ash obtained from the bottom of the economizer or air preheater, or fly ash obtained during the process of exhaust and dust collection, or other incineration Combustion ash obtained from furnaces, thermal power plants, factories, etc. Among them, fly ash is preferably used in order to easily prepare an aqueous slurry. Further, the combustion ash is preferably coal ash, biomass ash, or a mixture of coal ash and biomass ash. Biomass ash has higher alkalinity than coal ash, etc., so it can raise the pH value of the liquid part described later. The amount of the combustion ash contained in the water slurry is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
燃燒灰水漿料之製備中所使用之水並無特別限制,可例舉:工業用水;河川池湖之水、海水;包含鈣之水漿料或水溶液等。關於燃燒灰水漿料之製備中所使用之水,就二氧化碳之吸收力之觀點而言,較佳為硬水、或包含鈣之水漿料或水溶液,就二氧化碳之吸收力及運轉成本之觀點而言,較佳為自上述濕式排煙脫硫裝置排出之水(例如石膏脫水濾液等)。自濕式排煙脫硫裝置排出之水中含有Ca離子,而適於二氧化碳之吸收。燃燒灰水漿料之溫度較佳為30~40℃。The water used in the preparation of the combustion ash water slurry is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include: industrial water; water of rivers, ponds and lakes, sea water; water slurry or aqueous solution containing calcium, and the like. The water used in the preparation of the combustion ash-water slurry is preferably hard water, or a water slurry or aqueous solution containing calcium from the viewpoint of carbon dioxide absorptivity. From the viewpoint of carbon dioxide absorptivity and running cost In other words, it is preferably the water discharged from the above-mentioned wet flue gas desulfurization device (eg, gypsum dehydration filtrate, etc.). The water discharged from the wet flue gas desulfurization device contains Ca ions, which is suitable for the absorption of carbon dioxide. The temperature of the combustion ash-water slurry is preferably 30-40°C.
燃燒灰水漿料之固液分離處理可利用固液分離裝置而進行。作為固液分離裝置,可例舉:傾析器(溢流式、撇取式等)、濾布袋、螺旋壓力機、輥壓機、轉筒篩、帶式篩、振動篩、多重板波動過濾器、真空脫水機、加壓脫水機、帶式壓濾機、旋風式固液分離器(液體旋風器)、離心濃縮脫水機、多重圓板脫水機等。藉由該固液分離處理,可由燃燒灰水漿料獲得液體部分與固體部分(廢燃燒灰22)。固體部分可作為水泥等之原料進行再利用,亦可廢棄。於本發明中,燃燒灰水漿料之固液分離處理可包括:如圖2或3所示之對燃燒灰水漿料實施重力式固液分離處理,繼而實施離心式固液分離處理。The solid-liquid separation treatment of the combustion ash-water slurry can be performed using a solid-liquid separation device. Examples of solid-liquid separation devices include decanters (overflow type, skimming type, etc.), filter bags, screw presses, roller presses, trommel sieves, belt sieves, vibrating sieves, and multi-plate wave filtration. dehydrator, vacuum dehydrator, pressurized dehydrator, belt filter press, cyclone solid-liquid separator (liquid cyclone), centrifugal concentration dehydrator, multiple disc dehydrator, etc. By this solid-liquid separation process, a liquid part and a solid part (waste combustion ash 22 ) can be obtained from the combustion ash-water slurry. The solid part can be reused as a raw material for cement or the like, or it can be discarded. In the present invention, the solid-liquid separation treatment of the combustion ash-water slurry may include: as shown in FIG. 2 or 3, a gravity-type solid-liquid separation treatment is performed on the combustion ash-water slurry, followed by a centrifugal-type solid-liquid separation treatment.
要想提昇二氧化碳之吸收,較佳為液體部分中含有鈣離子。鈣離子例如可藉由使用上述自濕式排煙脫硫裝置排出之水而進行補充,亦可藉由添加氯化鈣等水溶性鈣化合物而進行補充。鈣離子之補充可於製備燃燒灰水漿料時、進行燃燒灰水漿料之固液分離處理時、進行二氧化碳氣體之吸收處理時等進行。In order to enhance the absorption of carbon dioxide, it is preferable that calcium ions are contained in the liquid part. For example, calcium ions can be supplemented by using the water discharged from the wet flue gas desulfurization device, or by adding water-soluble calcium compounds such as calcium chloride. Supplementation of calcium ions can be performed during the preparation of the combustion ash-water slurry, during the solid-liquid separation treatment of the combustion ash-water slurry, during the absorption treatment of carbon dioxide gas, and the like.
關於液體部分,較佳為,pH值較佳為超過7且為14以下,更佳為超過8且為14以下。可向液體部分中添加鹼以調整pH值。鹼一般係溶解於水中呈現鹼性(氫離子指數(pH值)大於7)、能夠與酸中和之物質。作為本發明中所使用之鹼,可例舉:氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鈣等。其中,較佳為氫氧化鈣。例如,可利用管線32供給鹼。Regarding the liquid part, the pH value is preferably more than 7 and 14 or less, and more preferably more than 8 and 14 or less. A base can be added to the liquid portion to adjust the pH. Alkali is generally a substance that dissolves in water and is alkaline (hydrogen ion index (pH value) greater than 7) and can be neutralized with acid. As the alkali used in the present invention, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc. may, for example, be mentioned. Among them, calcium hydroxide is preferred. For example,
自鍋爐或渦輪排出之燃燒排氣或藉由上述濕式排煙脫硫而獲得之包含二氧化碳之氣體、與液體部分之接觸例如可藉由如下等方式進行:於氣泡塔、氣泡槽、泡罩塔等中向上述液體部分中吹入上述氣體;或於填充塔、濕壁塔等中使上述液體部分流動並向其中流入上述氣體;或於噴霧塔等中使上述氣體流動並將上述液體部分噴霧至其中。其中,較佳為將液體部分噴霧至氣體中而進行。自容易溶解二氧化碳之方面考慮,接觸時之溫度以低溫為佳,具體而言,較佳為10~80℃,更佳為30~60℃,進而較佳為30~40℃。去除了二氧化碳之氣體有時會伴隨有飛沫,故視需要通過除霧器等為佳。並且,能夠自煙囪排出至大氣中。The contact of the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the boiler or the turbine or the gas containing carbon dioxide obtained by the above-mentioned wet flue gas desulfurization, and the liquid part can be carried out, for example, by the following means: in a bubble column, a bubble tank, a bubble cap The above-mentioned gas is blown into the above-mentioned liquid part in a tower, etc.; or in a packed tower, a wetted-wall tower, etc., the above-mentioned liquid part flows and flows into the above-mentioned gas; or in a spray tower, etc., the above-mentioned gas flows and the above-mentioned liquid part flows. Spray into it. Among these, it is preferable to carry out by spraying a liquid part into a gas. From the viewpoint of easily dissolving carbon dioxide, the temperature at the time of contact is preferably a low temperature, specifically, preferably 10 to 80°C, more preferably 30 to 60°C, still more preferably 30 to 40°C. The gas from which carbon dioxide has been removed may be accompanied by droplets, so it is better to pass it through a mist eliminator if necessary. Furthermore, it can be discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney.
[用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置]
本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置具有:火爐1、濕式排煙脫硫裝置5、二氧化碳去除裝置11、用以將自火爐排出之燃燒排氣引導至濕式排煙脫硫裝置之煙道、及用以將自濕式排煙脫硫裝置排出之包含二氧化碳之氣體引導至二氧化碳去除裝置之煙道14。較佳為於用以將自火爐排出之燃燒排氣引導至濕式排煙脫硫裝置之煙道設置有排煙脫硝裝置2、空氣預熱器3及/或集塵裝置4。空氣預熱器3係用於藉由燃燒排氣對輸送至鍋爐之空氣進行加溫者。[Device for purifying combustion exhaust gas]
The device for purifying combustion exhaust gas of the present invention includes: a
濕式排煙脫硫裝置5較佳為包含能夠使燃燒排氣與包含石灰石、熟石灰或生石灰之水漿料接觸之氣體吸收裝置,且進而包含將石膏分離去除之裝置。該氣體吸收裝置可為填充塔、濕壁塔、噴霧塔等。將石膏分離去除之裝置可為公知之水處理裝置。於水處理裝置中進行凝集、凝結、脫水等。The wet flue
二氧化碳去除裝置11具有:用以使燃燒灰懸浮於水中而獲得燃燒灰水漿料之機構(漿料製備機構)、用以對燃燒灰水漿料實施固液分離處理而獲得液體部分之機構(固液分離機構)、及用以使上述液體部分與包含二氧化碳之氣體接觸之機構(氣液接觸機構)。The carbon
圖2係表示本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置之一例之圖。
圖2所示之漿料製備機構具備用以供給燃燒灰之給料器12、用以供給水之管線13、用以混合燃燒灰與水之燃燒灰水漿料製備槽20等。燃燒灰水漿料製備槽20中亦可設置有攪拌機。作為用以供給燃燒灰之給料器,可例舉螺旋式給料器、台式給料器等。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention.
The slurry preparation mechanism shown in FIG. 2 includes a
圖2所示之燃燒灰水漿料製備槽還可兼具機構21,該機構21使燃燒灰沈澱,藉由溢流或撇取抽出上清液,將沈澱之燃燒灰以污泥之形式抽出。或,亦可另外設置漿料沈澱分離槽,將漿料自漿料製備槽搬送至漿料沈澱分離槽,使燃燒灰沈澱,藉由溢流或撇取抽出上清液,將燃燒灰沉泥29以污泥之形式抽出。The combustion ash-water slurry preparation tank shown in FIG. 2 can also be equipped with a
由於上清液中有時含有微小之燃燒灰,故而較佳為於用於輸送自漿料製備槽抽出之上清液31之管線之前方設置液體旋風器(水力旋風器)18等固液分離裝置,從而去除上清液中之燃燒灰。較佳為於用於輸送自燃燒灰水漿料製備槽抽出之污泥之管線之前方設置脫水過濾器等固液分離裝置19,而對污泥進行脫水。因藉由固液分離處理所獲得之液體部分中不含有大量之燃燒灰,故與輸送燃燒灰水漿料相比,輸送液體部分能夠使配管、泵、槽塔類之磨耗得到抑制,亦能夠節約泵或攪拌機等之運轉所需之電力。Since minute combustion ash may be contained in the supernatant, it is preferable to provide solid-liquid separation such as a liquid cyclone (hydrocyclone) 18 before the pipeline for conveying the supernatant 31 extracted from the slurry preparation tank. device to remove combustion ash from the supernatant. Preferably, a solid-
氣液接觸機構具備氣泡塔、氣泡槽、泡罩塔、填充塔、濕壁塔、噴霧塔等氣體吸收裝置。其中,使用噴霧塔為佳。若使自鍋爐等排出之燃燒排氣或自脫硫裝置排出之包含二氧化碳之氣體與藉由固液分離機構所獲得之液體部分接觸,則會生成碳酸鈣等。由於碳酸鈣難溶於水,故於圖2所示之噴霧塔中,碳酸鈣沈澱於積存在底部之液體部分之下層而成為漿料。位於積存在底部之液體部分之上層之上清液可將其回送至噴霧塔之頂部之噴霧器16進行噴霧。抽出積存於漿料塔底部之下層之淤泥28,利用脫水機等固液分離裝置17進行脫水。由於利用脫水所獲得之水24呈鹼性,故可於上述燃燒灰漿料製備或二氧化碳氣體吸收中再次使用。碳酸鈣23可用於粉筆、作為研磨劑之橡皮擦或牙膏、化妝品或沐浴劑之原料、作為pH值調整劑之土壤改良劑、作為營養強化材料之牛或豬之餌料、作為填充劑之橡膠、樹脂、紙、塗料、墨水、接著劑、密封劑等。The gas-liquid contact mechanism is equipped with gas absorption devices such as a bubble column, a bubble tank, a bubble cap column, a packed column, a wet wall column, and a spray tower. Among them, it is better to use a spray tower. When the combustion exhaust gas discharged from a boiler or the like or a gas containing carbon dioxide discharged from a desulfurization device is brought into contact with the liquid part obtained by the solid-liquid separation mechanism, calcium carbonate or the like is produced. Since calcium carbonate is hardly soluble in water, in the spray tower shown in Figure 2, calcium carbonate is precipitated in the lower layer of the liquid portion accumulated at the bottom to become slurry. The supernatant liquid located on top of the liquid portion accumulated at the bottom can be returned to the
圖3係表示本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置之另一例之圖。圖3所示之裝置除了於噴霧塔設置有集水器26以外,與圖2所示之裝置相同。可利用集水器26收集吸收了二氧化碳之液體部分,並送至存在於其下側之沈澱槽。由於噴霧之液體不會直接落在積存於沈澱槽之液體之表面,故不會擾亂沈澱槽之上清液之靜置。又,於存在於集水器26之下部之管在積存於沈澱槽之液體之深部開口之情形時,能夠使因二氧化碳之吸收而生成之碳酸鈣之粒子難以漂浮到沈澱槽之表層。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another example of the apparatus for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention. The apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is the same as the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 except that a
圖4係表示本發明之用於對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置之另一例之圖。圖4所示之裝置除了於存在於氣液接觸機構(噴霧塔)之底部之沈澱槽設置有漿料製備機構及固液分離機構以外,與圖3所示之裝置相同。利用給料器12將燃燒灰直接供給至存在於噴霧塔底部之沈澱槽。並且,利用沈澱槽使廢燃燒灰沈澱。積存於沈澱槽之底部之淤泥(碳酸鈣與廢燃燒灰)可利用脫水機33進行脫水,而分為排水34與廢固形物成分35。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the apparatus for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention. The apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is the same as the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 except that a slurry preparation mechanism and a solid-liquid separation mechanism are provided in the sedimentation tank existing at the bottom of the gas-liquid contact mechanism (spray tower). Using the
圖5係表示本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置之另一例之圖。圖5所示之裝置除了將固液分離機構分為燃燒灰沈澱槽與碳酸鈣沈澱槽而設置以外,與圖4所示之裝置相同。
自燃燒灰沈澱槽之底部抽出之燃燒灰沉泥29利用脫水過濾器19而分為排水25與廢燃燒灰22。由於排水25係包含鈣之水,故可於燃燒灰水漿料製備中進行再利用。因自噴霧塔流入至燃燒灰沈澱槽之液體吸收了二氧化碳,故pH值降低,而可促進鈣自燃燒灰之溶出。
自碳酸鈣沈澱槽之底部抽出之碳酸鈣淤泥28利用脫水機17而分為排水24與碳酸鈣23。由於排水24係包含鹼之水,故可將其添加至噴霧塔中噴霧之液體部分中進行再利用。因積存於碳酸鈣沈澱槽之液體富含鈣,故藉由添加來自管線32之鹼,而可促進碳酸鈣之生成及噴霧塔中之二氧化碳之吸收。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of the apparatus for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention. The apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is the same as the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 except that the solid-liquid separation mechanism is divided into a combustion ash precipitation tank and a calcium carbonate precipitation tank.
The
本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置於不違反本發明之主旨之範圍內,可變更構造、形狀、配置等,又,亦可追加先前技術中所使用之構件、機構等,可理解,進行了此種變更或追加之態樣屬於本發明之技術範圍。The device for purifying combustion exhaust gas of the present invention can be changed in structure, shape, arrangement, etc. within the scope of not deviating from the gist of the present invention, and components, mechanisms, etc. used in the prior art can also be added. It is understood that such modifications or additions belong to the technical scope of the present invention.
1:火爐 2:排煙脫硝裝置 3:空氣預熱器 4:電氣集塵裝置 5:濕式排煙脫硫裝置 6:煙囪 11:二氧化碳去除裝置 12:燃燒灰供給裝置(給料器) 13:水供給管線 14:含有CO2 之氣體流入口 15:氣體流出口 16:噴霧器 17:脫水機 18:液體旋風器 19:脫水過濾器 20:燃燒灰水漿料製備槽 21:沈澱分離槽 22:廢燃燒灰 23:碳酸鈣 24:排水(鹼水) 25:排水(鈣水) 26:集水器 27:噴霧液滴 28:碳酸鈣之淤泥 29:燃燒灰之淤泥 30:燃燒灰漿料 31:上清液 32:鹼供給管線 33:脫水機 34:排水 35:廢固形物成分1: Furnace 2: Flue gas denitrification device 3: Air preheater 4: Electric dust collector 5: Wet flue gas desulphurization device 6: Chimney 11: Carbon dioxide removal device 12: Combustion ash supply device (feeder) 13 : water supply line 14 : gas inlet 15 containing CO 2 : gas outlet 16 : sprayer 17 : dehydrator 18 : liquid cyclone 19 : dehydration filter 20 : combustion ash water slurry preparation tank 21 : sedimentation separation tank 22 : Waste combustion ash 23: Calcium carbonate 24: Drainage (alkaline water) 25: Drainage (calcium water) 26: Water collector 27: Spray droplets 28: Sludge of calcium carbonate 29: Sludge of combustion ash 30: Combustion ash slurry 31: Supernatant liquid 32: Alkali supply line 33: Dehydrator 34: Drainage 35: Waste solid content
圖1係表示具備排煙脫碳酸裝置之鍋爐系統之一例之圖。 圖2係表示本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置之一例之圖。 圖3係表示本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置之另一例之圖。 圖4係表示本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置之另一例之圖。 圖5係表示本發明之用以對燃燒排氣進行淨化處理之裝置之另一例之圖。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a boiler system equipped with a flue gas decarbonation device. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another example of the apparatus for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the apparatus for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of the apparatus for purifying combustion exhaust gas according to the present invention.
11:二氧化碳去除裝置 11: Carbon dioxide removal device
12:燃燒灰供給裝置(給料器) 12: Combustion ash supply device (feeder)
13:水供給管線 13: Water supply line
14:含有CO2之氣體流入口 14: Inlet of gas containing CO 2
15:氣體流出口 15: Gas outflow port
16:噴霧器 16: Sprayer
17:脫水機 17: Dehydrator
18:液體旋風器 18: Liquid Cyclone
19:脫水過濾器 19: Dehydration filter
20:燃燒灰水漿料製備槽 20: Combustion ash water slurry preparation tank
21:沈澱分離槽 21: Precipitation separation tank
22:廢燃燒灰 22: Waste combustion ash
23:碳酸鈣 23: Calcium Carbonate
24:排水(鹼水) 24: Drainage (alkaline water)
25:排水(鈣水) 25: Drainage (calcium water)
27:噴霧液滴 27: Spray Droplets
28:碳酸鈣之淤泥 28: Sludge of calcium carbonate
29:燃燒灰之淤泥 29: Sludge of Burning Ash
30:燃燒灰漿料 30: Combustion ash slurry
31:上清液 31: supernatant
32:鹼供給管線 32: Alkali supply pipeline
Claims (14)
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