本發明之概述
本發明關於式(I)化合物:
其中R1
為氫或C1-6
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-6
烷基,或R2
在n為0時不存在;R3
為氫或O,或R3
在m為0時不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-6
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基或CN;n 和 m
獨立為0或1;其先決條件為n和m不可同時為0;k 和 l
獨立為1、2或3;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、C1-6
烷基、鹵素或鹵基C1-6
烷基;R7
為氫、C1-6
烷基或鹵素;W
為CH或N;Z
為CH、C-C1-3
烷基或N;L
為隨意地經取代之由1、2或3個原子所組成的連接子,以T-U-V表示,其中T為CH2
、C(O)、NH、SO2
或O;U為CH2
、C(O)、O或不存在;且V為CH2
、O或不存在A
為飽和、不飽和或芳族碳環基或飽和、不飽和或芳族雜環基,其中雜原子係選自氮、氧及硫的群組;隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基、鹵基C1-6
烷基、鹵基C1-6
烷氧基、CN或苯甲基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供用於治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之如上文所定義的式(I)化合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供如上文所定義的式(I)化合物之用途,其係用於製造治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之藥物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供用於治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之方法,其包含對此等治療或預防有需要的哺乳動物投予有效量的至少一種如上文所定義的式(I)化合物。
在另一態樣中,如上文所定義的式(I)化合物可與其他用於治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之化合物組合投予。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供用於製造式(I)化合物之方法。
本發明之詳細說明
本發明關於式(I)化合物,
其中R1
為氫或C1-6
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-6
烷基,或R2
在n為0時不存在;R3
為氫或O,或R3
在m為0時不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-6
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基或CN;n 和 m
獨立為0或1;其先決條件為n和m不可同時為0;k 和 l
獨立為1、2或3;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、C1-6
烷基、鹵素或鹵基C1-6
烷基;R7
為氫、C1-6
烷基或鹵素;W
為CH或N;Z
為CH、C-C1-3
烷基或N;L
為隨意地經取代之由1、2或3個原子所組成的連接子,以T-U-V表示,其中T為CH2
、C(O)、NH、SO2
或O;U為CH2
、C(O)、O或不存在;且V為CH2
、O或不存在;A
為飽和、不飽和或芳族碳環基或飽和、不飽和或芳族雜環基、其中雜原子係選自氮、氧及硫的群組;隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-6
烷基、C1-6
烷氧基、鹵基C1-6
烷基、鹵基C1-6
烷氧基、CN或苯甲基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
術語「鹵基」或「鹵素」,如本文中所使用,依此或作為另一基團的部分,係指氟、氯、溴或碘。
如本文以原樣子或作為另一基團的一部分所使用之術語「C1-6
烷基」係指具有一、二、三、四、五或六個碳原子的支鏈或直鏈飽和烴基,其包括但不限於甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基和三級丁基。
如本文所使用之術語「鹵基C1-6
烷基」係指通過如上文所定義的「C1-6
烷基」基團鍵結至母分子部分之至少一種如上文所定義的鹵素。當有數個鹵素時,則鹵素可為相同或不同且鹵素可附著至不同的碳原子,或數個鹵素可附著至相同的碳原子。鹵基C1-6
烷基包括但不限於二氟甲基、三氟甲基和2-氯乙基。
如本文所使用之術語「C1-6
烷氧基」係指通過氧原子鍵結至母分子部分之如上文所定義的「C1-6
烷基」,其包括但不限於甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基和三級丁氧基。
如本文所使用之術語「鹵基C1-6
烷氧基」係指通過如上文所定義的「C1-6
烷氧基」鍵結至母分子部分之至少一種如上文所定義的鹵素。當有數個鹵素時,則鹵素可為相同或不同且鹵素可附著至不同的碳原子,或數個鹵素可附著至相同的碳原子。鹵基C1-6
烷氧基包括但不限於三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟乙氧基。
如本文所使用之術語「飽和、不飽和或芳族碳環基」係指由一至兩個環所組成的單價飽和、不飽和或芳族三至十二,較佳為四至九,更佳為六員部分。碳環基環可隨意地經取代,如上文所定義。實例包括但不限於隨意地經取代之環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、苯基、萘基等。
如本文所使用之術語「飽和、不飽和或芳族雜環基」係指由一至兩個環所組成的併入一、二或三個雜原子(選自氮、氧或硫,較佳為氮及氧)之單價飽和、不飽和或芳族三至十二員部分。雜環基環可隨意地經取代,如上文所定義。實例包括但不限於隨意地經取代之四氫呋喃基、1-吡啶基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基、嗒𠯤基、吲唑基、吲哚基、吖吲哚基、異喹啉基、喹啉基等。
術語「醫藥上可接受」說明可用於製備醫藥組成物、通常為安全、無毒及既非生物學上,亦非其他方面不希望的,且包括那些獸醫用途以及人類醫藥用途可接受的成分。
術語「水合物」意指在水與溶質之間的非共價組合。
術語「溶劑合物」意指在溶劑與溶質之間的非共價組合。溶劑包括但不限於乙醇、2-丙醇、乙腈和四氫呋喃。
「隨意的」或「隨意地」意指隨後說明的事件或情況可能未必發生,且該說明包括事件或情況發生的事例及不發生的事例。
「隨意地經取代」意指未經取代或經如本文所述的取代基中之一或多者取代。在此,「一或多者」意指自一個至最多可能的取代數目,亦即自置換一個氫至置換所有的氫。以一個、二個或三個取代基於給出之原子上較佳。
疾病狀態之「治療(Treating或treatmen)」包括:
a) 預防疾病狀態,亦即在可能暴露於或易罹患疾病狀態,但尚未經歷或顯現疾病狀態之症狀的個體中不引起疾病狀態之臨床症狀的發展,
b) 抑制疾病狀態,亦即阻止疾病狀態或其臨床症狀,或
c) 緩解疾病狀態,亦即引起疾病狀態或其臨床症狀的暫時性或永久性消退。
術語「醫藥上可接受之鹽類」係指習知的酸加成鹽或鹼加成鹽,其保留式(I)化合物之生物功效及性質且可與適合的無毒有機或無機酸或有機或無機鹼形成。酸加成鹽的實例包括自無機酸(諸如但不限於鹽酸、氫溴酸、氫碘酸、硫酸、胺磺酸、磷酸、硝酸和過氯酸)所衍生之鹽及自各種有機酸(諸如但不限於乙酸、丙酸、苯甲酸、乙醇酸、苯基乙酸、水楊酸、丙二酸、順丁烯二酸、油酸、雙羥萘酸、棕櫚酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、甲烷磺酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、檸檬酸、蘋果酸、乳酸、麩胺酸、反丁烯二酸及類似者)所衍生之鹽。鹼加成鹽的實例為自銨-、鉀-、鈉-和四級銨氫氧化物所衍生之鹽,諸如氫氧化四甲基銨。
術語「前藥」係指根據本發明之式(I)化合物的衍生物,其本身不具有療效,但是含有在活體內化學或代謝降解(生物轉變)後變成負責療效的「生物活性代謝物」的該等基團。與本發明之式(I)化合物締合的該等分解基團,特別為那些適用於前藥的基團為本技術中已知且亦可應用於本發明化合物(Rautio等人之Nature Reviews - Drug Discovery
2008, 7:255-270)。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-3
烷基,或R2
在n為0時不存在;R3
為氫或O,或R3
在m為0時不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或CN;n 和 m
獨立為0或1;其先決條件為n和m不可同時為0;k 和 l
獨立為1或2;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫、C1-3
烷基或鹵素;W
為CH或N;Z
為CH、C-C1-3
烷基或N;L
為隨意地經取代之由1、2或3個原子所組成的連接子,以T-U-V表示,其中T為CH2
、C(O)、NH、SO2
或O;U為CH2
、C(O)、O或不存在;且V為O或不存在;A
為飽和、不飽和或芳族4至9員碳環基或飽和、不飽和或芳族4至9員雜環基,其中雜原子係選自氮、氧及硫的群組;隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基、鹵基C1-3
烷基、鹵基C1-3
烷氧基、CN或苯甲基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-3
烷基,或R2
在n為0時不存在;R3
為氫或O,或R3
在m為0時不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或CN;n 和 m
獨立為0或1;其先決條件為n和m不可同時為0;k 和 l
獨立為1或2;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫、C1-3
烷基或鹵素;W
為CH或N;Z
為CH或N;L
為隨意地經取代之由1、2或3個原子所組成的連接子,以T-U-V表示,其中
T為CH2
、C(O)、NH、SO2
或O;U為CH2
、C(O)、O或不存在;且V為O或不存在;A
為飽和、不飽和或芳族4至9員碳環基或飽和、不飽和或芳族4至9員雜環基,其中雜原子為氮;隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基、鹵基C1-3
烷基、鹵基C1-3
烷氧基、CN或苯甲基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-3
烷基,或R2
在n為0時不存在;R3
為O,或R3
在m為0時不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或CN;n 和 m
獨立為0或1;其先決條件為n和m不可同時為0;k 和 l
獨立為1或2;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫、C1-3
烷基或鹵素;W
為CH或N;Z
為CH或N;L
為選自下列群組之連接子:-CH2
-、-O-、-NH-、
-SO2
-、-C(O)-、-CH2
-O-、-CH2
-CH2
-O-、-O-CH2
-、
-CH2
-CH2
-、-NH-C(O)-或-NH-CH2
-;A
為飽和、不飽和或芳族4至9員碳環基或飽和、不飽和或芳族4至9員雜環基,其中雜原子為氮;隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基、鹵基C1-3
烷基、鹵基C1-3
烷氧基、CN或苯甲基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-3
烷基,或R2
在n為0時不存在;R3
為O,或R3
在m為0時不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或CN;n 和 m
獨立為0或1;其先決條件為n和m不可同時為0;k 和 l
獨立為1或2;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫、C1-3
烷基或鹵素;W
為CH或N;Z
為CH或N;L
為選自下列群組之連接子:-CH2
-、-O-、-NH-、
-SO2
-、-C(O)-、-CH2
-O-、-CH2
-CH2
-O-、-O-CH2
-、
-CH2
-CH2
-、-NH-C(O)-或-NH-CH2
-;A
為芳族6員碳環基或芳族6員雜環基,其中雜原子為氮;隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基、鹵基C1-3
烷基、鹵基C1-3
烷氧基、CN,或苯甲基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為不存在;R3
為O;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基或CN;n
為0;m
為1;k
為2;l
為2;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫或鹵素;W
為CH或N;Z
為CH或N;L
為選自下列群組之連接子:-CH2
-、-O-、-NH-或
-SO2
-;A
為苯基、2-吡啶基或3-吡啶基,隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或鹵基C1-3
烷基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為不存在;R3
為O;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基或CN;n
為0;m
為1;k
為1;l
為1;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫或鹵素;W
為N;Z
為CH或N;L
為選自下列群組之連接子:-CH2
-、-O-、-NH-或
-CH2
-O-;A
為苯基、2-吡啶基或3-吡啶基,隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或鹵基C1-3
烷基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R3
為不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基或CN;n
為1;m
為0;k
為1;l
為1;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫;W
為N;Z
為CH或C-C1-3
烷基;L
為選自下列群組之連接子:-O-、-CH2
-O-、
-CH2
-CH2
-O-、-O-CH2
-、-CH2
-CH2
-、-NH-C(O)-或
-NH-CH2
-;A
為苯基、2-吡啶基或3-吡啶基,隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或鹵基C1-3
烷基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R3
為不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基或CN;n
為1;m
為0;k
為1;l
為2;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫;W
為N;Z
為CH;L
為選自下列群組之連接子:-O-、-CH2
-、-CH2
-O-或-NH-;A
為苯基、2-吡啶基或3-吡啶基,隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或鹵基C1-3
烷基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R3
為不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基或CN;n
為1;m
為0;k
為2;l
為2;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫;W
為N;Z
為CH或N;L
為選自下列群組之連接子:-O-、-CH2
-、-CH2
-O-或-C(O)-;
A為苯基、2-吡啶基,或3-吡啶基,隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或鹵基C1-3
烷基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物,其中R1
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R2
為氫或C1-3
烷基;R3
為不存在;R4
和R5
獨立為氫、C1-3
烷基、鹵素、鹵基C1-3
烷基或CN;n
為1;m
為0;k
為2;l
為3;Y
為N或C(R6
);R6
為氫、鹵素或鹵基C1-3
烷基;R7
為氫;W
為N;Z
為CH或N;L
為選自下列群組之連接子:-O-、-CH2
-O-或-NH-;A
為苯基、2-吡啶基或3-吡啶基,隨意獨立地經一或多個鹵素原子或鹵素原子類、C1-3
烷基、C1-3
烷氧基或鹵基C1-3
烷基取代;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於選自下列群組之式(I)化合物:
N-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)-2-{4-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]哌𠯤-1-基}-2-側氧基乙醯胺;
N-{1-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基}-2-{4-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]哌𠯤-1-基}-2-側氧基乙醯胺;
N-(3-氟-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)-2-{4-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]哌𠯤-1-基}-2-側氧基乙醯胺;
N-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)-2-[4-(4-甲基苯氧基)哌啶-1-基]-2-側氧基乙醯胺;
2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)哌啶-1-基]-N-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)-2-側氧基乙醯胺;
[(1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基][(3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾-1-基)甲基]胺;
N-({1-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基}甲基)-3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾-1-甲醯胺;
N-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]-3-{[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾-1-甲醯胺;
N-[(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]-3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾-1-甲醯胺;
3-{[3-氟-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}-N-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]吖呾-1-甲醯胺;
3-{[3-氟-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}-N-[(1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]吖呾-1-甲醯胺;
N-[(3-氟-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]-3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾-1-甲醯胺;
3-甲基-N-({1-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-5-基}甲基)-3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾-1-甲醯胺;
N-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]-3-[(4-甲基苯氧基)甲基]吡咯啶-1-甲醯胺;
(3R)-3-(4-氟苯氧基)-N-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]吡咯啶-1-甲醯胺;
(3S)-3-(4-氟苯氧基)-N-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]吡咯啶-1-甲醯胺:
(3S)-N-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]-3-[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡咯啶-1-甲醯胺;
(3S)-3-(4-氰基苯氧基)-N-[(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]吡咯啶-1-甲醯胺;
(3S)-N-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]-3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]胺基}吡咯啶-1-甲醯胺;
N-[(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]-4-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基}哌𠯤-1-甲醯胺;
4-(2,4-二氟苯氧基)-N-[(2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基]哌啶-1-甲醯胺;
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供用於治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之如上文所定義的式(I)化合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供如上文所定義的式(I)化合物之用途,其係用於製造治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的之藥物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供治療或預防與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病之方法,其包含對此等治療或預防有需要的哺乳動物投予有效量的至少一種如上文所定義的式(I)化合物。
在一個實施態樣中,與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病係選自下列群組:精神性疾患,包括但不限於思覺失調症、類思覺失調症、情感思覺失調症、妄想症、短暫性精神性疾患、由於一般的醫學狀況之精神性疾患、經物質誘發之精神性疾患或未以其他方式具體指定之精神性疾患;認知損傷,包括但不限於由於中風、阿茲海默氏症、亨汀頓氏舞蹈症、匹克氏病、HIV相關性失智症、額顳葉失智症、路易體失智症、血管性失智症、腦血管病或其他失智狀態及與其他退化性疾患(包括但不限於肌萎縮性脊髓側索硬化症)相關的失智症之認知損傷,可引起認知衰退的其他急性或亞急性病症,包括但不限於譫妄、創傷性腦損害、老年失智症、輕度認知損傷、唐氏症、抑鬱症及與其他疾病有關的認知缺失,及運動困難疾患,包括但不限於巴金森氏症、抗精神抑制劑誘發之巴金森氏症或遲發性運動疾患,抑鬱症及情感疾患,包括但不限於抑鬱症和發作、雙極性疾患、循環性情緒疾患與未以其他方式具體指定之雙極性疾患,其他的情感疾患、物質誘發之情感疾患與未以其他方式具體指定之情感疾患;焦慮疾患、恐慌疾患和恐慌發作、強迫疾患、創傷後壓力疾患、急性壓力疾患、廣泛性焦慮疾患、由於一般的醫學狀況之焦慮疾患、物質誘發之焦慮疾患、恐懼症與未以其他方式具體指定之焦慮疾患;物質相關疾患,包括但不限於物質濫用或物質誘發之疾患,包括但不限於酒精、尼古丁、安非他命、苯環己哌啶、類鴉片、大麻、古柯鹼、咖啡因、迷幻劑、吸入劑、鎮靜劑、安眠藥、抗焦慮藥、多種物質或其他物質相關疾患;睡眠疾患,包括但不限於猝睡症、睡眠疾患、原發型嗜睡症、呼吸有關的睡眠疾患、晝夜節律性睡眠疾患與未以其他方式具體指定之睡眠異常;異睡症、睡眠驚恐疾患、夢遊症與未以其他方式具體指定之異睡症;與另一精神性疾患有關的睡眠疾患;由於一般的醫學狀況之睡眠疾患及物質誘發之睡眠疾患;代謝及飲食失調,包括但不限於神經性厭食症、心因性暴食症、肥胖症、強迫性飲食失調、嗜食症與未以其他方式具體指定之飲食失調;糖尿病、潰瘍性結腸炎、克隆氏病、腸躁症候群;自閉症譜系疾患,包括但不限於自閉症、亞斯伯格症、雷特氏症、兒童期崩解疾患與未以其他方式具體指定之廣泛性發展障礙;注意力不足過動症、破壞性行為疾患、對立性反抗疾患與未以其他方式具體指定之破壞性行為疾患;及抽動疾患,包括但不限於妥瑞氏症;人格疾患;性功能障礙,諸如性慾望障礙、性興奮障礙、性高潮障礙、性疼痛障礙、未以其他方式具體指定之性功能障礙、性倒錯、性別認同疾患、不孕症、經前症候群與未以其他方式具體指定之性障礙;呼吸系統疾患,如咳嗽、氣喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺發炎,心血管系統疾患,諸如心衰竭、心律不整、高血壓;發炎、發炎性與神經病變性疼痛、類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、過敏症、類肉瘤病、乾癬、共濟失調、肌張力不全症、全身紅斑性狼瘡、躁狂症、不寧腿症候群、進行性上眼神經核麻痺症、癲癇症、肌陣攣、偏頭痛、健忘症、慢性疲勞症候群、猝倒症、腦部缺血、多發性硬化症、腦脊髓炎、時差、大腦類澱粉血管病變及敗血症。
在一個實施態樣中,與α7菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體活性相關的疾病係選自認知損傷、思覺失調症及自閉症的群組。
本發明進一步關於組合療法,其中本發明化合物或包含本發明化合物之醫藥組成物或調配物係與另一治療劑或治療劑類一起投予以治療先前指出的病症中之一或多者。該等治療劑可選自:乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑、NMDA受體促效劑或拮抗劑、抗類澱粉蛋白抗體(包括抗類澱粉蛋白人源化單株抗體)、β-或γ-分泌酶抑制劑或調節劑、tau 磷酸化抑制劑、ApoE4構形調節劑、p25/CDK5抑制劑、NK1/NK3受體拮抗劑、COX-2抑制劑、LRRK2抑制劑、HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑、NSAID、維生素E、甘胺酸轉運抑制劑、甘胺酸位點拮抗劑、LXR β促效劑、雄性激素受體調節劑、Aβ寡聚體形成阻斷劑、NR2B拮抗劑、抗發炎化合物、PPAR γ促效劑、CB-1受體拮抗劑或逆促效劑、CB-2促效劑、VR-1拮抗劑、緩激肽Bl受體拮抗劑、鈉通道阻斷劑和拮抗劑、NOS抑制劑、抗生素、生長激素促泌素、鉀通道開放劑、AMPA促效劑或AMPA調節劑、GSK3抑制劑、神經元菸鹼促效劑、MARK配體、M1
或M4
mAChR促效劑或PAM、mGluR2拮抗劑或NAM或PAM、mGluR5拮抗劑、α-腎上腺素能促效劑、ADAM-10配體、鎮靜劑、安眠藥、抗焦慮藥、抗精神病藥、環吡咯酮、咪唑并吡啶、吡唑并嘧啶、輕寧神劑、褪黑激素促效劑和拮抗劑、褪黑激素劑、食慾激素拮抗劑和促效劑、前動力蛋白促效劑和拮抗劑、T型鈣通道拮抗劑、三唑并吡啶苯并二氮呯、巴比妥酸鹽、5-HT1A
拮抗劑、5-HT2
拮抗劑、5-HT4
促效劑、5-HT6
拮抗劑、組織胺H3
受體拮抗劑和逆促效劑、PDE4
抑制劑、PDE9
抑制劑、PDE10
抑制劑、HDAC抑制劑、KCNQ拮抗劑、GABAA
逆促效劑、GABA信號增強劑、GABA促效劑、GABAA
受體α5次單元NAM或PAM、抗精神病藥、MAO-B抑制劑、多巴胺轉運抑制劑、降腎上腺素轉運抑制劑、D2
促效劑和部分促效劑、抗膽鹼劑、COMT抑制劑、A2a腺苷受體拮抗劑、膽鹼能促效劑、神經弛緩劑、洛沙平、舒必利和利培酮、左旋多巴、鈣通道阻斷劑、MMP抑制劑、血栓溶解劑、類鴉片止痛劑、普拉克索、羅匹尼羅、嗜中性球抑制因子、SSRI或SSNRI、三環抗抑鬱藥、降腎上腺素調節劑、鋰、丙戊酸、加巴噴丁、普瑞巴林、利紮曲坦、佐米曲坦、那拉曲坦及舒馬曲坦。
在一個實施態樣中,治療劑係選自:乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑、NMDA受體拮抗劑、β-分泌酶抑制劑、抗精神病藥、GABAA
受體α5次單元NAM或PAM、組織胺H3
受體拮抗劑、5-HT6
受體拮抗劑、M1或M4 mAChR促效劑或PAM、mGluR2拮抗劑或NAM或PAM及左旋多巴。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供根據下列的反應路徑製造式(I)化合物之方法:
本發明之式(I)化合物可以那些一般熟習本技術領域者熟悉的有機化學技術中已知的合成方法或修飾之各種方式製備。在本文所使用之起始材料係於市場上取得或可以本技術中已知的慣例方法或以詳述之合成路徑製備。
在下列的反應流程及下文中,R1
至R7
、n、m、k、l、Y、W、Z、L及A係如第一態樣中所定義,除非另有其他陳述。
在整個說明書中,通式係以羅馬數字(I)、(II)、(III)等標示。流程 1
其中n之含義為0,R3
之含義為O,及m之含義為1,且R1
、R4
、R5
、R7
、Y、k、l、W、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明之式(I)化合物可根據流程1製備:
該製備係藉由將式(II)化合物
-其中R1
、R4
、R5
、R7
、Y之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-
與式(III)化合物偶合
-其中k、l、W、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明;
或藉由將式(IV)化合物
-其中R1
、R4
、R5
、R7
、Y之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-
與式(V)化合物偶合
-其中W之含義為N,且k、l、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明。
典型的條件包含將反應物以適合的偶合劑(諸如HATU、HBTU、EDC、T3
P)在適合的溶劑中(諸如CH2
Cl2
或DMF)處理。替代的條件包含將羧酸(式(III)或式(IV))使用草醯氯或高斯氏試劑(Ghosez’s reagent)在適合的溶劑中(諸如CH2
Cl2
或DMF)轉化成對應的醯基氯,接著將所形成的醯基氯與對應的胺在適合的鹼存在下(諸如DIPEA或TEA)反應以形成醯胺。反應係在0℃至室溫之範圍內的溫度下進行。必要的反應時間為6至20小時。反應的進度係以薄層層析術追蹤。反應混合物之後處理可以不同的方法進行,通常藉由添加水淬滅。產物係以適合的有機溶劑萃取而分離,且以結晶或管柱層析術純化。流程 2
式(III)及式(IV)化合物可根據流程2製備:
其中在鹼的存在下(諸如DIPEA、TEA)於適合的溶劑中(諸如二氯甲烷)以2-氯-2-側氧乙酸乙酯/甲酯處理式(II)
-其中R1
、R4
、R5
、R7
、Y之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明;
或式(V)
-其中W之含義為N,且k、l、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-以提供式(IVa)化合物
-其中R1
、R4
、R5
、R7
、Y之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明;
或式(IIIa)化合物
-其中W之含義為N,且k、l、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-且以該等酯伴發的鹼水解提供適當的下式之羧酸:式(IV)
-其中R1
、R4
、R5
、R7
、Y之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明;
或式(III)
-其中W之含義為N,且k、l、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明。流程 3
或者式(III)化合物可根據流程3製備:
其中在鹼的存在下(諸如NaH)於適合的溶劑中(諸如THF)以異氰基乙酸乙酯處理式(VI)
-其中W之含義為CH,且k、l、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-以提供式(VII)化合物
-其中W之含義為CH,且k、l、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-且以水性HCl溶液伴發處理式(VII)化合物,隨後以水性KOH溶液處理以獲得式(III)化合物
-其中W之含義為CH,且k、l、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明。流程 4
式(I)化合物可根據流程4製備:
-其中R2
之含義為C1-6
烷基或氫,n之含義為1,m之含義為0,W之含義為N,且R1
、R4
、R5
、R7
、Y、k、l、Z、L、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-該製備係藉由將適當的式(VIII)之一級胺化合物
-其中n為1,且R1
、R2
、R4
、R5
、R7
、Y之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-使用標準的程序及試劑(例如CDI、氯甲酸酯或1,1’-硫代羰基二咪唑)於適合的溶劑中(例如CH2
Cl2
或DMF)在氬氛圍下活化,隨後與式(V)化合物反應
-其中W之含義為N,且k、l、L、Z、A之含義係經上文式(I)化合物說明-該反應係在0℃至室溫之範圍內的溫度下進行。必要的反應時間為15至20小時。反應的進度係以薄層層析術追蹤。反應混合物之後處理可以不同的方法進行,通常藉由添加水淬滅。產物係以適合的有機溶劑萃取而分離,且以結晶或管柱層析術純化。
本文所使用之式(II)、式(V)及式(VIII)化合物係於市場上取得或可以本技術中已知的方法製備,較佳的方法包括但不限於那些在下文實施例章節中所述者。
本發明在其範圍內包括化合物所有可能的經同位素標記之形式。
本發明化合物可經口、腸胃外(例如肌內、腹膜內、靜脈內、關節內、鞘內、腹膜內、直接心室內、腦室內、髓內注射、腦池內注射或輸注、皮下注射或植入)、眼、鼻、陰道、直腸、舌下及局部投予路徑投予,且可單獨或一起調配在包含適合於各投予路徑的醫藥上可接受之賦形劑之適合的劑量單位調配物中。
另一選擇地,化合物可以局部而非全身方式投予,例如經由直接注射化合物至腎臟或心臟區域,經常以修飾釋放型調配物。此外,藥物可以靶向藥物遞送系統投予,例如以組織特異性抗體包膜之脂質體。脂質體係經靶向組織選擇性地吸收。
本發明之醫藥組成物通常以單一劑量單位含有0.01至500 mg活性成分。然而,在一些組成物中的活性成分之量有可能超過上文所界定的上限或下限。
化合物可以每天1至4次,較佳為每天一次或二次的方案投予。
此劑量水平及方案可經調整以提供最優的治療反應。然而,應理解用於任何特定患者的劑量之特定劑量水平及頻率可改變,且取決於各種因素而定,包括所使用之特定化合物的活性、該化合物的代謝穩定性和作用長度、年齡、體重、一般健康、性別、飲食、投予模式和時間、排泄率、藥物組合、特定病症的嚴重性及接受治療的宿主。
本發明提供含有式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、生物活性代謝物、前藥、消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、溶劑合物及水合物的藥物之醫藥製造作為本發明之另一態樣。
本發明之醫藥組成物可經調配成不同的醫藥劑型,包括但不限於固體經口劑型,如片劑(例如頰內、舌下、發泡性、咀嚼性、口溶性(orodispersible)、冷凍乾燥)、膠囊、口含錠、錠片、丸劑、口溶膜、粒劑、粉劑;液體經口劑型,包括但不限於溶液、乳液、懸浮液、糖漿、酏劑、經口滴劑;腸胃外劑型,包括但不限於靜脈注射、肌內注射、皮下注射;其他劑型,包括但不限於眼滴劑、半固體眼用製劑、鼻滴劑和噴霧劑、透皮劑型、栓劑、直腸膠囊、直腸溶液、乳液和懸浮液等。
本發明之醫藥組成物可以任何習知的方式製造,例如藉由混合、溶解、乳化、懸浮、包埋、冷凍乾燥、擠出、層壓、膜塑製、造粒、研磨、包封、製糖衣錠或壓片製程。
依照本發明使用之醫藥組成物因此可使用一或多種生理學上可接受之賦形劑以任何習知的方式調配。可使用如適合且如本技術所理解之熟知的技術及賦形劑中之任一者。
適合於製備劑型之賦形劑可選自下列類別,其包括但不限於片劑及膠囊填充劑、片劑及膠囊黏合劑、釋放修飾劑、崩解劑、助滑劑、潤滑劑、甜味劑、遮味劑、調味劑、包膜劑、界面活性劑、抗氧化劑、緩衝劑、複合劑、乳化劑、凍乾助劑、微包封劑、軟膏基劑、滲透增強劑、助溶劑、溶劑、栓劑基劑和懸浮劑。
在一個實施態樣中,本發明關於特定的賦形劑之用途,其能夠改進活性成分的溶解度、溶解性、滲透性、吸收性及/或生物利用率,該賦形劑包括但不限於親水性聚合物、熱熔擠出賦形劑、界面活性劑、緩衝劑、複合劑、乳化劑、凍乾助劑、超崩解劑、微包封劑、滲透增強劑、助溶劑、共溶劑和懸浮劑。
上述成分及不同的製造路徑僅為代表而已。亦可使用本技術中熟知的其他材料、以及加工技術及類似者。
實施例
本發明係於下列實施例中進一步定義。應理解實施例僅以例證方式給出。熟習本技術領域者可自上文的討論及實施例確定本發明之基本特徵,且可在不脫離其精神及範疇下進行各種變化及修飾,使本發明適應於各種用途及條件。因此,本發明不受下文所提出之例證性實施例的限制,而是以在此所附之申請專利範圍界定。
式(I)化合物通常可依照熟習本技術領域者的一般知識及/或使用在隨後的實施例及/或中間物章節中所提出之方法製備。溶劑、溫度、壓力及其他反應條件可由一般熟習本技術領域者輕易地選擇。起始材料係於市場上取得及/或由熟習本技術領域者輕易地製備。
本發明現以下列的非限制性實施例例證。
在下列的實施例中,「室溫」表示在20℃至25℃之範圍內的溫度。
在特定的實施例中所使用之縮寫具有下列含義:
芳族胺中間物係自市場上可取得的來源購得或彼等之合成係以化學文獻為基礎(表1)。
許多芳族胺係根據下列的合成路徑合成: 1,3- 二甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 胺
將500 mg (3.08 mmol) 5-硝基吲哚溶解在10 mL DMF中且添加0.135 g (5.625 mmol) NaH。在攪拌5分鐘後,添加0.211 mL (3.39 mmol)甲基碘且將混合物攪拌隔夜。添加濃縮NH4
Cl溶液且將其以10 mL EtOAc萃取兩次。將合併的有機相以10 mL水萃取兩次及以鹽水萃取兩次,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥,以獲得536 mg 1-甲基-5-硝基吲哚。
將0.312 mL (3.35 mmol)磷醯氯添加至-20℃下的2.5 mL DMF中。然後分批添加536 mg (3.04 mmol) 1-甲基-5-硝基吲哚。將混合物在室溫下攪拌5小時。添加5 mL水且將混合物以20 mL CH2
Cl2
萃取。將有機相以10 mL水及10 mL鹽水萃取兩次。將有機層經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥,以獲得666 mg 1-甲基-5-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-甲醛。
將496 mg (2.43 mmol) 1-甲基-5-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-甲醛溶解在200 mL甲醇中。將溶液在大氣壓力下以207 mg 10%之Pd/C經12小時氫化。濾出觸媒且將過濾物蒸發。將粗製產物以快速層析術(己烷/EtOAc)純化,以獲得165 mg 1,3-二甲基-1H-吲哚-5-胺。 3- 氟 -1- 甲基 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 胺
在氬氛圍下,將1.86 g (9.4 mmol) 5-溴-7-吖吲哚溶解在225 mL無水乙腈及45 mL濃縮乙酸中。將溶液加熱至40℃,添加5 g Selectfluor (1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-重氮化雙環[2.2.2]辛烷雙(四氟硼酸鹽))且將所得混合物加熱至80℃及攪拌隔夜。將其蒸發至乾燥,將粗製產物溶解在200 mL EtOAc中且以水清洗兩次。將有機層經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發。在快速管柱層析術(CH2
Cl2
/MeOH = 99/1)後,分離出362 mg 5-溴-3-氟-7-吖吲哚。
將12 mL無水THF中的300 mg (1.4 mmol)5-溴-3-氟-7-吖吲哚之溶液冷卻至0℃,且分批添加140 mg NaH (60% m/m之礦油懸浮液,3.5 mmol,2.5莫耳當量)。然後容許溶液溫熱至室溫(約30分鐘),逐滴添加397 mg (2莫耳當量)碘甲烷且將混合物攪拌隔夜。將反應以添加水淬滅。將混合物以EtOAc萃取三次。將萃取物經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且蒸發至乾燥,以獲得成為淡黃棕色油的380 mg 5-溴-3-氟-1-甲基-7-吖吲哚,其未經進一步純化而用於下一步驟中。
將380 mg (1.4 mmol) 5-溴-3-氟-1-甲基-7-吖吲哚溶解在15 mL無水甲苯中。將氬蒸汽化通過溶液20分鐘。然後添加0.305 mL (2.8 mmol)苯甲胺、405 mg (4.2 mmol) NaOt
Bu、66 mg (0.14 mmol) RuPhos及65 mg (0.07 mmol) Pd2
(dba)3
。將反應混合物加熱至105℃隔夜。容許混合物冷卻至室溫,添加水且將混合物以EtOAc萃取三次,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。使用未進一步純化之獲得的96 mg 5-苯甲基胺基-3-氟-1-甲基-7-吖吲哚。
將96 mg (0.376 mmol) 5-苯甲基胺基-3-氟-1-甲基-7-吖吲哚在6 mL甲醇與6 mL EtOAc之混合物中以35 mg 10%之Pd/C在大氣壓力下經48小時氫化。濾出觸媒且蒸發溶劑。將粗製產物以使用EtOAc作為溶析劑之快速層析術純化,以獲得23 mg 3-氟-1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-胺。 2-( 三氟甲基 )-1H
- 吲哚 -5- 胺
將200 mg (1.0 mmol) 2-三氟甲基吲哚溶解在1 mL乙酸酐中。將混合物冷卻至0℃且添加131 mg (0.54 mmol) Cu(NO3
)2 .
3H2
O。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌2.5小時。添加水及二乙醚,且將有機相以8%之NaHCO3
溶液萃取三次及以水萃取一次。將有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。獲得63 mg 2-三氟甲基-5-硝基吲哚。
將63 mg (0.27 mmol) 2-三氟甲基-5-硝基吲哚在大氣壓力及室溫下於5 mL乙醇中以6 mg 10%之Pd/C觸媒經9小時氫化。然後添加另外6 mg 10%之Pd/C且持續反應兩天。過濾觸媒且蒸發溶劑,獲得55 mg粗製2-三氟甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-胺,其未經進一步純化而用於下一步驟中。 3- 氟 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 胺
將1.0 g (6.13 mmol) 5-硝基-7-吖吲哚溶解在無水乙腈與30 mL乙酸的145 mL混合物中。將混合物加熱至40℃且添加3.5 g (9.2 mmol) Selectfluor。將溫度上升至80℃且將混合物保持在此溫度下隔夜。蒸發溶劑,添加EtOAc且將混合物以水萃取三次。將有機相乾燥且蒸發,將殘餘物以二乙醚處理且濾出固體。將所得產物以使用EtOAc作為溶析劑之管柱層析術純化,以獲得280 mg 3-氟-5-硝基-7-吖吲哚。
將110 mg (0.6 mmol) 3-氟-5-硝基-7-吖吲哚在大氣壓力下於156 mL乙醇中以11 mg 10%之Pd/C經24小時氫化。濾出觸媒且將過濾物蒸發。將粗製產物以使用在CH2
Cl2
中的5%之甲醇作為溶析劑之快速層析術純化。獲得64 mg 3-氟-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-胺。 1- 甲基 -7-( 三氟甲基 )-1H
- 吲哚 -5- 胺
將1.72 g (8.36 mmol) 4-硝基-2-(三氟甲基)苯胺溶解在20 mL CH2
Cl2
中。當溫度保持在0與10℃之間時,分批添加1.6 g (13.4 mmol) IPy2
BF4
。將溫度保持在0與5℃之間,緩慢地添加2.37 mL (26.75 mmol)三氟甲烷磺酸。將獲得的混合物在室溫下攪拌24小時。將反應混合物以添加水(20 mL)淬滅。在以CH2
Cl2
(2x 20 mL)萃取後,將合併的有機層以Na2
S2
O3
飽和溶液(20 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以環己烷-EtOAc (4:1)溶析之管柱層析術純化,以產出1.52 g 6-碘-4-硝基-2-(三氟甲基)苯胺。
將5 mL TEA在氬氛圍下添加至560 mg (1.69 mmol) 6-碘-4-硝基-2-(三氟甲基)苯胺中。在室溫下添加101 mg Pd(PPh3
)2
Cl2
、30 mg CuI及0.30 mL三甲基矽基乙炔且將混合物攪拌隔夜。在減壓下移除溶劑及揮發物,且將二乙醚添加至殘餘物中。在矽藻土上過濾後,將有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以環己烷-EtOAc (10:1)溶析之管柱層析術純化,以產出300 mg 4-硝基-2-(三氟甲基)-6-[2-(三甲基矽基)乙炔基]苯胺。
將380 mg (1.256 mmol) 4-硝基-2-(三氟甲基)-6-[2-(三甲基矽基)乙炔基]苯胺溶解在4 mL DMF中且添加240 mg CuI。將反應混合物在氬氛圍下加熱至100℃經2小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),在真空中移除溶劑且將EtOAc添加至殘餘物中。在矽藻土上過濾後,將有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以環己烷-EtOAc (5:1)溶析之管柱層析術純化,以產出220 mg 5‐硝基‐7‐(三氟甲基)‐1H
‐吲哚。
在氬氛圍下,將127 mg (0.5 mmol) 5‐硝基‐7‐(三氟甲基)‐1H
‐吲哚溶解在5 mL四氫呋喃中。將混合物冷卻至0℃且添加40 mg NaH (在礦油中的60%)。將懸浮液攪拌20分鐘且緩慢地添加在2 mL THF中的0.07 mL甲基碘。將混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。添加水及EtOAc,且將有機層分離,以水清洗三次,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且在真空中濃縮,以獲得60 mg 1-甲基‐5‐硝基‐7‐(三氟甲基)‐1H
-吲哚。
將95 mg (0.41 mmol) 5‐硝基‐7‐(三氟甲基)‐1-甲基‐1H
-吲哚溶解在20 mL甲醇中。添加10 mg Pd(OH)2
/C且在大氣壓力下經2小時氫化。添加另外5 mg Pd(OH)2
/C且持續氫化4小時。濾出觸媒且將過濾物在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物以使用2:1之己烷-EtOAc作為溶析劑之管柱層析術純化,以獲得48 mg 1-甲基-7-(三氟甲基)-1H
-吲哚-5-胺。
哌𠯤中間物係自市場上可取得的來源購得(表2)或經合成(參見下文)。
不可購得的哌𠯤衍生物係根據下文詳述之合成程序合成: 4 ‐ {[6 ‐ ( 三氟甲基 ) 吡啶 -3- 基 ] 甲基 } 哌 𠯤
將0.53 g (3 mmol) 2-三氟甲基-5-吡啶甲醛(piridinecarboxaldehide)及0.55 g (3 mmol)哌𠯤-1-羧酸三級丁酯溶解在40 mL CH2
Cl2
中且添加0.95 g (4.5 mmol)三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉。將反應在室溫下攪拌隔夜。將反應混合物依序以15 mL 20%之K2
CO3
及水萃取。將有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥且在真空中蒸發。將粗製產物以使用氯仿及乙醇作為溶析劑之管柱層析術純化,以產出0.65 g (63%) 4‐{[6‐(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌𠯤‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯。
將0.65 g (1.88 mmol) 4‐{[6‐(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌𠯤‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯在0℃下以10 mL在EtOAc 中的30%之HCl處理。在漿液攪拌3小時後,濾出沉澱之產物,以二乙醚清洗且在真空中乾燥,以產出0.56 g 4‐{[6‐(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌𠯤鹽酸鹽。 4 ‐ {[5 ‐ ( 三氟甲基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ] 甲基 } 哌 𠯤
中間物23係以中間物24所述之類似方式合成。 4 ‐ [(3 ‐ 氯 ‐ 4 ‐ 氟苯基 ) 甲基 ] 哌 𠯤
將1.86 g (10 mmol)哌𠯤-1-羧酸三級丁酯、2.23 g (10 mmol) 4-氯-3-氟苯甲基溴及2.78 g (20 mmol) K2
CO3
溶解在30 mL乙醇中且加熱至回流12小時。將漿液在真空中濃縮,添加20 mL水且將其以20 mL CH2
Cl2
萃取三次。將合併的有機層經Na2
SO4
乾燥且在真空中濃縮,以產出3.28 g (99%) 4‐[(3‐氯‐4‐氟苯基)甲基] 哌𠯤‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯。
將3.28 g (10 mmol) 4‐[(3‐氯‐4‐氟苯基)甲基]哌𠯤‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯溶解在30 mL CH2
Cl2
中。添加7.7 mL TFA且在室溫攪拌隔夜。將混合物在真空中濃縮。添加50 mL 10%之K2
CO3
且以60 mL EtOAc萃取兩次。將合併的萃取物經Na2
SO4
乾燥且在真空中濃縮,以獲得成為灰白色固體的2.1 g (92%) 4‐[(3‐氯‐4‐氟苯基)甲基]哌𠯤。
以表3呈示的哌啶中間物係自市場上可取得的來源購得。 2-{4-[(4- 甲基苯基 ) 甲基 ] 哌 𠯤 -1- 基 }-2- 側氧乙酸乙酯
將氯側氧乙酸乙酯(0.6 mL,5.37 mmol)在0℃下於氬氛圍下添加至CH2
Cl2
(25 mL)中的1-(4-甲基苯甲基)哌𠯤(854 mg,4.49 mmol)及TEA (0.94 mL,6.7 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。添加二氯甲烷(100 mL)且將混合物以水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮,以獲得成為淺黃色油的產物(1.243 g,95%)。
在表4中的中間物係根據中間物38之合成說明製備。 2-{4-[(4- 甲基苯基 ) 甲基 ] 哌 𠯤 -1- 基 }-2- 側氧乙酸
將水(5 mL)中的NaOH (515 mg,12.88 mmol,1.2莫耳當量)之溶液在0℃下逐滴添加至乙醇中的2-{4-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]哌𠯤-1-基}-2-側氧乙酸乙酯(3.098 g,10.67 mmol)之溶液中。將混合物在室溫下攪拌2.5小時且濃縮。將殘餘物溶解在水(50 mL)中,以二乙醚萃取,以12.9 mL 1 M水性HCl溶液酸化且以CH2
Cl2
萃取。將水層冷凍乾燥以獲得成為白色固體的標題化合物(3.546 g),其含有1.2莫耳當量NaCl。此中間物未經進一步純化而用於下一步驟中。
在表5中的中間物係根據中間物48之合成說明製備。 2- 側氧基 -2 ‐ (1 ‐ {[4 ‐ ( 三氟甲基 ) 苯基 ] 甲基 } 哌啶 -4- 基 ) 乙酸
將K2
CO3
(5.4 g,39 mmol)及1‐(溴甲基)‐4‐(三氟甲基)苯(7.0 g,29.29 mmol,1.5莫耳當量)在室溫下於氬氛圍下添加至DMF (60 mL)中的4-哌啶酮單水合物鹽酸鹽(3.0 g,19.5 mmol)之溶液中。將混合物在此條件下攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測-以碘-鄰聯甲苯胺目測),將混合物倒在水(80 mL)上且以EtOAc (3x30 mL)萃取。將合併的有機層以鹽水(3x30 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以環己烷-EtOAc (1:1)之混合物溶析而層析分離,以產出3.21 g 1-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基}哌啶-4-酮。
將THF (5 mL)中的異氰基乙酸乙酯(1.78 mL,16.25 mmol)之溶液在0至5℃下於氬氛圍下經15分鐘期間添加至THF (100 mL)中的NaH (在礦油中的60%)(751 mg,18.76 mmol,1.5莫耳當量)之攪拌懸浮液中。將混合物在此條件下攪拌40分鐘,接著在0至5℃下逐滴添加在THF (45 mL)中的1-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基}哌啶-4-酮(3.21 g,12.5 mmol)之溶液。容許溫度溫熱至室溫且將混合物攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物倒在水(100 mL)上且以EtOAc (2x80 mL)萃取。將合併的有機層以鹽水(2x30 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以產出1.27 g 2-甲醯胺基-2-(1-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基}亞哌啶-4-基)乙酸乙酯。其未經進一步純化而用於下一步驟中。
將10%之HCl水溶液(21 mL)在0至5℃下於氬氛圍下添加至EtOH (21 mL)中的2-甲醯胺基-2-(1-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基}亞哌啶-4-基)乙酸乙酯(1.27 g,3.43 mmol)之攪拌溶液中,接著將混合物室溫下攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將溶解在EtOH (28 mL)及水(10 mL)中的KOH (3.79 g,67.7 mmol)之溶液(pH=12)添加至所獲得的混合物中。在水解完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物之pH以添加1 N HCl溶液調整至6。以過濾移出沉澱之固體且將母液在真空中濃縮,以產出3.42 g (理論值1.08 g) 2-側氧基-2‐(1‐{[4‐(三氟甲基)苯基]甲基}哌啶-4-基)乙酸與KCl。其未經進一步純化而用於下一步驟中。
在表6中的中間物係根據中間物58之合成說明製備。
在一些醯胺化反應中(D、F、G方法),先將芳族胺醯化且將對應的酯水解,以獲得[(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)胺甲醯基]甲酸。 [(1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 胺甲醯基 ] 甲酸
將1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-胺(1.18 g,8.07 mmol)及DIPEA (2.1 mL,12.06 mmol)溶解在CH2
Cl2
(50 mL)中且將乙基草醯氯(0.98 mL,8.77 mmol)在0℃下逐滴添加所得反應混合物中。將混合物在室溫下攪拌3小時。將反應混合物以NaHCO3
飽和水溶液處理且將有機相以水清洗。將有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥,以得到[(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)胺甲醯基]甲酸乙酯。產量:1.2 g (61%)。
將[(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)胺甲醯基]甲酸乙酯(1.2 g,4.87 mmol)以甲醇(30 ml)中的2.1莫耳當量水性LiOH.H2
O溶液(426 mg,10.15 mmol於6 mL水中)水解。將反應混合物攪拌4小時。將混合物之pH以添加1 M HCl溶液(約10 mL)調整至3且以EtOAc (2×40 mL)萃取。將有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。產量:1.5 g粗製產物物[(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)胺甲醯基]甲酸。
在表7之實施例中得到的醯胺偶合反應係根據下列(A至H)方法中之一者進行。
方法A: N -(1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 )-2-{4-[(4- 甲基苯基 ) 甲基 ] 哌 𠯤 -1- 基 }-2- 側氧基乙醯胺
將500 mg 2-{4-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]哌𠯤-1-基}-2-側氧乙酸(1.906 mmol)在氬氛圍下溶解在無水DMF中。將350 mg (2.287 mmol,1.2莫耳當量) 1-羥基苯并三唑水合物(HOBt.H2
O)及438 mg (2.287 mmol,1.2莫耳當量)N
-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-N
’-乙基碳二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC.HCl)添加至此溶液中,且將混合物在氬氛圍下攪拌15分鐘。然後添加278 mg (1莫耳當量) 1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-胺及386 mg (2莫耳當量) TEA。將所得反應混合物在室溫下於氬氛圍下攪拌24小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物以水(20 mL)稀釋且以EtOAc (3x20 mL)萃取。將合併的有機層以水清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物以管柱層析術純化,以獲得71 mg (10%)標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 391.2。
方法B: N ‐ {3 ‐ 氟 ‐ 1 ‐ 甲基 ‐ 1H ‐ 吡咯并 [2,3 ‐ b ] 吡啶 -5- 基 } ‐ 2 ‐ {4 ‐ [(4 ‐ 甲基苯基 ) 甲基 ] 哌 𠯤 ‐ 1- 基 } ‐ 2 ‐ 側氧基乙醯胺
將40 mg 2-{4-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]哌𠯤-1-基}-2-側氧乙酸(0.152 mmol)在氬氛圍下溶解在無水DMF (1 mL)中。將22.4 mg (23 µL,0.168 mmol,1.1莫耳當量) 1-氯-N
,N
,2-三甲基-1-丙烯胺(高斯氏試劑)添加至此溶液中,且將混合物在室溫下於氬氛圍下攪拌30分鐘。然後添加在DMF (0.5 mL)中的23 mg (0.91莫耳當量) 3-氟-1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-胺及TEA 22 µL (15.5 mg,0.155 mmol)之溶液,且將反應混合物在室溫下於氬氛圍下攪拌4小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物倒在水(8 mL)上且以EtOAc (2x15 mL)萃取。將有機層經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以EtOAc溶析而層析分離,以產出16 mg (47%)標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 410.2。
方法C: N ‐ [1 ‐ 甲基 ‐ 7 ‐ ( 三氟甲基 ) ‐ 1H ‐ 吲哚 -5- 基 ] ‐ 2 ‐ {4 ‐ [(4 ‐ 甲基苯基 ) 甲基 ]- 哌 𠯤 ‐ 1- 基 } ‐ 2 ‐ 側氧基乙醯胺
將草醯氯(20 µL,0.0236 mmol)及一滴DMF在0ºC下於氮氛圍下添加至無水CH2
Cl2
(2 mL)中的20 mg (0.076 mmol) 2‐{4‐[(4‐甲基苯基)甲基]哌𠯤‐1-基}‐2‐側氧乙酸之溶液中。在加完後,將混合物在5至10℃下攪拌1小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),在真空中移除溶劑且經數次自殘餘物蒸發無水CH2
Cl2
。逐滴添加在CH2
Cl2
(1 mL)中的1‐甲基‐7‐(三氟甲基)‐1H‐吲哚-5‐胺(16 mg,0.075 mmol)、TEA (20 µL)之溶液。將獲得的混合物在室溫下攪拌12小時。將反應混合物以添加水(10 mL)淬滅。將反應混合物以CH2
Cl2
(2x)萃取,將合併的有機層以水清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以EtOAc-環己烷(1:1)溶析之製備性薄層層析術純化,以產出8.0 mg (24%)標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 459.2。
方法D: N ‐ (1 ‐ 甲基 ‐ 1H ‐ 吲哚 -5- 基 ) ‐ 2- 側氧基 -2 ‐ (4 ‐ {[5 ‐ ( 三氟甲基 ) 吡啶 -2- 基 ] 甲基 } 哌 𠯤 ‐ 1- 基 ) 乙醯胺
將HBTU (265 mg,0.7 mmol)及TEA (540 µL,5.5莫耳當量)在室溫下於氬氛圍下添加至無水CH2
Cl2
(30 mL)中的153 mg (0.7 mmol)[(1‐甲基‐1H
‐吲哚-5-基)胺甲醯基]甲酸之溶液中。將混合物攪拌20分鐘,接著添加1‐{[5‐(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]甲基}哌𠯤(223 mg,0.7 mmol)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將反應混合物以添加NaHCO3
飽和溶液(10 mL)淬滅,將有機層以水(10 mL)清洗,接著將有機相經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以CH2
Cl2
-MeOH (10:1)溶析之管柱層析術純化,以產出60 mg (20%)標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 446.2。
方法E:2 ‐ {4 ‐ [(4 ‐ 甲基苯基 ) 甲基 ] 哌 𠯤 ‐ 1- 基 } ‐ N ‐ ( 萘 -2- 基 ) ‐ 2 ‐ 側氧基乙醯胺
將HATU (260 mg,0.68 mmol,1.26莫耳當量)及DIPEA (190 µL,2莫耳當量)在室溫下添加至無水DMF (2.5 mL)中的2‐{4‐[(4‐甲基苯基)甲基]哌𠯤‐1-基}‐2‐側氧乙酸(176 mg,0.54 mmol)及萘-2‐胺(78 mg;0.54 mmol)之懸浮液中。將混合物在室溫下震盪隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物以鹽水稀釋且以EtOAc (3x20 mL)萃取。將合併的有機相以鹽水(3x20 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以環己烷中的40%之EtOAc溶析之快速層析術純化。亦將所欲產物自Et2
O結晶,以產出成為白色固體的108.0 mg (51%)標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 398.2。
方法F:2 ‐ (4 ‐ 苯甲基哌 𠯤 ‐ 1- 基 ) ‐ N ‐ (1 ‐ 甲基 ‐ 1H ‐ 吲哚 -5- 基 ) ‐ 2 ‐ 側氧基乙醯胺
將DMF中的~50%之丙基膦酸酐(T3
P)溶液(445 µL,0.7 mmol)及DIPEA (250 µL,2莫耳當量)在室溫下於氬氛圍下添加至無水CH2
Cl2
(15 mL)中的153 mg (0.7 mmol)[(1‐甲基‐1H
‐吲哚-5-基)胺甲醯基]甲酸之溶液中。將混合物攪拌20分鐘,接著添加1‐苯甲基哌𠯤(122 µL,0.7 mmol)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將反應混合物以CH2
Cl2
(10 mL)稀釋,以添加NaHCO3
飽和溶液(10 mL)淬滅。將有機層以水(2x10 mL)清洗,接著將有機相經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以CH2
Cl2
-EtOH (98:2)溶析之管柱層析術純化,以產出43 mg (17%)標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 377.2。
方法G: N -(1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 )-2-{3-[(4- 甲基苯氧基 ) 甲基 ] 吖呾 -1- 基 }-2- 側氧基乙醯胺
將224 µL (1.6 mmol) TEA在室溫下於氬氛圍下添加至無水DMF (3 mL)中的141 mg (0.8 mmol) 3-[(4-甲基苯氧基)甲基]吖呾、174 mg (0.8 mmol)[(1‐甲基‐1H
‐吲哚-5-基)胺甲醯基]甲酸及108 mg (0.8 mmol) 1-羥基苯并三唑水合物(HOBt.H2
O)及154 mg (0.8 mmol)N
-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-N
’-乙基碳二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC.HCl)之溶液中。將混合物在室溫下攪拌兩天。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將反應混合物以CH2
Cl2
及水稀釋。在分離層後,將有機相再以CH2
Cl2
清洗兩次,且將合併的有機層以鹽水清洗且經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以環己烷-EtOAc (7:3)溶析之管柱層析術純化,以產出92 mg標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 378.1。
方法H: N -{1- 甲基 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 基 }-2- 側氧基 -2-(1-{[4-( 三氟甲基 ) 苯基 ] 甲基 } 哌啶 -4- 基 ) 乙醯胺
將DMF中的~50%之丙基膦酸酐(T3
P)溶液(370 µL,0.63 mmol)及DIPEA (452 µL,4莫耳當量)在室溫下於氬氛圍下添加至無水DMF (5 mL)中的200 mg (0.63 mmol) 2-側氧基-2-(1-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-甲基}哌啶-4-基)乙酸之溶液中。將混合物攪拌20分鐘,接著添加1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-胺(93 mg,0.63 mmol)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。隔天,將額外226 µL (0.38 mmol) T3
P溶液(在DMF中的~50%)添加至混合物中且持續攪拌4小時。將反應混合物在減壓下蒸發且將殘餘物在矽膠上以環己烷-丙酮(2:1)溶析之管柱層析術純化,以產出40 mg標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 445.2。
在表7中所述之實施例係使用對應的醯胺偶合方法(方法A至H)製備。 3-[(4- 甲基苯氧基 ) 甲基 ] 吖呾
將3-(羥甲基)吖呾-1-羧酸三級丁酯(2.88 g,15.4 mmol)及TEA (4,23 mL,30.3 mmol)在室溫下溶解在CH2
Cl2
(130 mL)中。將甲烷磺醯氯(2.0 mL,30 mmol)逐滴添加至溶液中,隨後在相同的溫度下攪拌2.5小時,接著在減壓下移除溶劑。將殘餘物溶解在EtOAc中,且將溶液以NaHCO3
飽和水溶液及鹽水清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮,以獲得成為黃色液體的3-[(甲烷磺醯氧基)甲基]吖呾-1-羧酸三級丁酯(4.0 g),其未經進一步純化而用於下一步驟中。
將3-[(甲烷磺醯氧基)甲基]吖呾-1-羧酸三級丁酯(3.8 g,14 mmol)、對-甲酚(1.95 g,18 mmol)、Cs2
CO3
(9.85 g,30.2 mmol)與DMF (100 mL)之混合物在110℃下攪拌隔夜。濾出無機固體材料,將過濾物在減壓下濃縮。將殘餘物溶解在CH2
Cl2
中,依次以水、2 M水性NaOH溶液及鹽水清洗。將有機相經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以管柱層析術(溶析劑:CH2
Cl2
-MeOH (98:2))純化,以獲得成為淺黃色油的3-[(4-甲基苯氧基)甲基]吖呾-1-羧酸三級丁酯(2.3 g,58%)。
將三氟乙酸(24 mL,313 mmol)添加至在冰水浴中冷卻至0℃之CH2
Cl2
(50 mL)中的3-[(4-甲基苯氧基)甲基]吖呾-1-羧酸三級丁酯(2.3 g,8.3 mmol)之溶液中,且將溶液在此溫度下攪拌1小時。在減壓下於40℃下移除溶劑。將冰水添加至殘餘物中且將混合物之pH以添加NaHCO3
飽和溶液調整至9。將混合物以CH2
Cl2
萃取,將合併的有機層以鹽水清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥且過濾。在減壓下移除溶劑,以獲得3-[(4-甲基苯氧基)甲基]吖呾(1.37 g,7.7 mmol,93%)。
在表8中的中間物係根據中間物62之合成說明製備。 3-[(4- 甲基苯基 ) 甲氧基 ] 吖呾
將NaH (280 mg,在油中的60%,12 mmol)在0℃下於氬氛圍下以劇烈攪拌添加至DMF (10 mL)中的3-羥基吖呾-1-羧酸三級丁酯(可於市場上取得)(1.0 g,6 mmol)之溶液中。將溶液攪拌30分鐘,接著添加4-甲基苯甲基溴(1.22 g,6.6 mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。將反應在0℃下以MeOH (2 mL)淬滅,接著添加NH4
Cl飽和溶液(40 mL)淬滅。將混合物以Et2
O (2x75 mL)萃取。將有機層合併,以水(20 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以獲得成為油的1.38 g 3‐[(4‐甲基苯基)甲氧基]吖呾‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯,其未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
將TFA (18 mL,3 mmol)在0至2℃下於氬氛圍下添加至無水CH2
Cl2
(18 mL)中的3‐[(4‐甲基苯基)甲氧基]吖呾‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯(1012 mg,4.03 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物在此條件下攪拌30分鐘,接著在室溫下攪拌1小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解在CH2
Cl2
(20 mL)中,將pH以添加1 N NaOH溶液(在冷卻下)調整至10。將水相以CH2
Cl2
(3x20 mL)萃取,將合併的有機相經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以獲得成為黃色油的660 mg標題化合物。粗製產物未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。 2-[( 吖呾 -3- 基氧基 ) 甲基 ]-5-( 三氟甲基 ) 吡啶
2-[(吖呾-3-基氧基)甲基]-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶係根據中間物89之合成說明而製備。 N -( 吖呾 -3- 基 )-4- 甲基苯甲醯胺
將對甲苯醯氯(539 mg,3.48 mmol)在0℃下於氬氛圍下以劇烈攪拌逐滴添加至CH2
Cl2
(50 mL)中的3-胺基吖呾-1-羧酸三級丁酯(可於市場上取得)(0.5 g,2.9 mmol)及TEA (1.0 mL,2.5莫耳當量)之溶液中。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物以水(2x20 mL)清洗。將有機層經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以管柱層析術(溶析劑:CH2
Cl2
-MeOH (98:2))純化,以獲得3‐(4‐甲基苯甲醯胺基)吖呾‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯(0.65 g,77%)。
將TFA (3.4 mL,44.4 mmol)在0至2℃下於氬氛圍下添加至無水CH2
Cl2
(35 mL)中的3‐(4‐甲基苯甲醯胺基)吖呾‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯(650 mg,2.24 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物在此條件下攪拌 30分鐘,接著在室溫下隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解在CH2
Cl2
(50 mL)中,將pH以添加25%之氨水溶液(在冷卻下)調整至10。在相分離後,將水相以CH2
Cl2
(3x20 mL)萃取,將合併的有機相經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以獲得360 mg標題化合物。粗製產物未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。 N -[(4- 甲基苯基 ) 甲基 ] 吖呾 -3- 胺
將對甲苯甲醛(0.35 mL,2.9 mmol)在室溫下於氬氛圍下以劇烈攪拌經兩小時添加至甲醇(30 mL)中的3-胺基吖呾-1-羧酸三級丁酯(0.5 g,2.9 mmol)之溶液中。接著添加NaBH3
CN (360 mg,5.73 mmol)且將混合物攪拌24小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將冷水添加至混合物中,且將pH以添加濃縮HCl (在冷卻下)調整至1。在真空中移除甲醇,且將水性混合物以EtOAc (20 mL)萃取以移除雜質,接著添加CH2
Cl2
(20 mL),且將pH以添加25%之氨水溶液(在冷卻下)調整至9。在相分離後,將水相以CH2
Cl2
(3x20 mL)萃取,將合併的有機相經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以獲得730 mg 3‐{[(4‐甲基苯基)甲基]胺基}吖呾‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯。其未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
將TFA (2.4 mL,31.4 mmol)在0至2℃下於氬氛圍下添加至無水CH2
Cl2
(20 mL)中的3‐{[(4‐甲基苯基)甲基]胺基}吖呾‐1‐羧酸三級丁酯(0.73 mg,1.5 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物在此條件下攪拌30分鐘,接著在室溫下隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解在CH2
Cl2
(50 mL)中,將pH以添加25%之氨水溶液(在冷卻下)調整至10。在相分離後,將水相以CH2
Cl2
(3x20 mL)萃取,將合併的有機相經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以獲得250 mg標題化合物。粗製產物N
-(吖呾-3-基)-4-甲基苯甲醯胺未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
將具有乙基連接子之中間物呈示於表9中。
中間物93可於市場上取得。
中間物94和95可以下列的文獻為基礎來合成:Palkowitz, M. D.Org. Lett. 19
(2017) pp 2270-2273。
將市場上可取得胺基甲基吲哚衍生物總結於表10中。
不可於市場上取得的胺基甲基吲哚和吖吲哚衍生物及彼之合成法係於下文說明。 (1R
)-1-(1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 乙 胺
將N
-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(90 mL)中的5-溴-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚(5.0 g,23.80 mmol)之溶液以氮氣吹洗15分鐘。添加K3
PO4
(10.11 g,47.60 mmol)、三丁基(1-乙氧基乙烯基)錫(8.05 mL,23.82 mmol)及肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)(1.38 g,1.19 mmol),且將混合物在80至90℃下於氮氛圍下攪拌7.5小時。將反應混合物以水稀釋且以EtOAc萃取。將有機相與5%之氫氯酸溶液在室溫下劇烈攪拌30分鐘。將混合物之pH以添加25%之氨水溶液調整至7至8且以EtOAc萃取。將有機相以水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物在矽膠上以使用EtOAc與環己烷之混合物(1:5至1:3)作為溶析劑之管柱層析術純化,以給出1-(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)乙酮。產量:1.17 g (28%)。
將異丙醇鈦(IV)(0.60 mL,2.027 mmol)添加至DMF (2 mL)中的1-(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)乙酮(150 mg,0.866 mmol)與(S
)-2-甲基-丙烷-2-亞磺酸醯胺(210 mg,1.733 mmol)之混合物中。將反應混合物在微波反應器中以100℃/60 W加熱2小時。將此反應重複5次,且將反應混合物合併及以EtOAc (140 mL)稀釋,以水(60 mL)淬滅且通過矽藻土塞過濾。將矽藻土以EtOAc清洗,將合併的有機層以水及鹽水清洗且經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在蒸發後,將殘餘物在矽膠上以快速層析術(95:5至4:1之CH2
Cl2
-EtOAc)純化,以獲得2-甲基-N
-[(1E
)-1-(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)亞乙基]丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺。產量:371 mg (34%)。
將L
-Selectride (1M於THF中,0.85 mL,0.85 mmol)在惰性氛圍下於室溫下添加至THF (7 mL)中的2-甲基-N
-[(1E
)-1-(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)亞乙基]丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(38 mg,0.1375 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物攪拌1小時且接著將其蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物在矽膠上以使用EtOAc-環己烷(1:1)作為溶析劑之管柱層析術純化,得到2-甲基-N
-[(1R
)-1-(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)乙基]丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺。產量:53 mg (38 mg之理論重量,100%)單一非鏡像異構物。將材料冷藏儲存,直到下一步驟為止。未測定絕對組態,使用如US 2012/0252853 A1 (SAMS ANETTE GRAVEN, LUNDBECK & CO AS H)所述之類似的合成路徑。
將HCl (2 M於二乙醚中,0.4 mL,0.8 mmol)添加至二乙醚(10 mL)中的2-甲基-N
-[(1R
)-1-(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)乙基]丙烷-2-亞磺醯胺(38 mg,0.1365 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌3小時且接著蒸發至乾燥,以給出成為HCl鹽的標題化合物(29 mg之理論重量)。使用未進一步純化的該材料。 1-(2- 氯 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲胺
將溴(42.5 g;13.5 mL,275 mmol)在25℃下逐滴(20分鐘)添加至三級丁醇(250 mL)中的1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(7.10 g;50 mmol,Combi-Blocks)之攪拌溶液中且攪拌1.5小時。在完成後,將反應混合物在真空下濃縮。將此殘餘物以EtOAc (400 mL)稀釋且添加水(75 mL)。將有機層以水(2x100 mL)、鹽水(100 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在減壓下濃縮。將粗製殘餘物與二異丙醚(100 mL)攪拌30分鐘。濾出沉澱之晶體,以二異丙醚清洗且乾燥,以產出成為淡紅棕色固體的12.89 g (81%) 3,3-二溴-2-側氧基-2,3-二氫-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈。
將Zn粉(16.3 g;250 mmol)分批(每次約2 g)添加至AcOH (270 mL)中的3,3-二溴-2-側氧基-2,3-二氫-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(12.89 g;40.8 mmol)之懸浮液中。不容許混合物的溫度增加至35℃以上且在30℃下攪拌2小時。在完成後,將反應混合物在真空下濃縮。將此殘餘物懸浮在EtOAc (300 mL)中,濾出,將固體在與EtOAc (150 mL)攪拌,接著濾出。將合併的有機層在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物與1 N HCl溶液(100 mL)攪拌1小時,濾出,以水(2x5 mL)清洗且乾燥,以產出3.86 g (60%) 2-側氧基-2,3-二氫-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈。
將POCl3
(11.5 g,6.95 mL;74.79 mmol)在0℃下添加至DCE (23 mL)中的2-側氧基-2,3-二氫-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(5.8 g;36.9 mmol)之攪拌懸浮液中。將反應混合物在90℃下回流30分鐘。在反應冷卻後,添加咪唑(2.75 g,44.55 mmol)且在90℃下再加熱2小時。在完成後,將反應混合物濃縮,將殘餘物溶解在EtOAc (110 mL)中且以NaHCO3
飽和溶液(30 mL)、鹽水(50 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將產物在矽膠上以THF-正己烷(9:1)溶析之管柱層析術純化,以產出成為黃色固體的4.58 g (70%) 2-氯-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈。
將LiAlH4
(1 M於THF中;45 mL;45 mol)在0℃下於氮氛圍下添加至無水THF (23 mL)中的2-氯-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(4.48 g;25.3 mmol)之攪拌溶液中。將反應混合物在65℃下回流2小時。TLC顯示形成產物。將反應混合物在0℃下以EtOAc (20 mL)淬滅且逐滴添加Na2
SO4
飽和水溶液(15 mL)。將反應混合物通過矽藻土墊過濾且以EtOAc (100 mL)徹底清洗。將過濾物以鹽水(50 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物自EtOAc (50 mL)結晶而純化,以獲得成為灰白色固體的3.9 g (85%)標題化合物。 (2- 氯 -1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲胺
(2-氯-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲胺係根據其未經甲基化之衍生物,中間物104之合成說明製備。 (3- 氯 -1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲胺
將CH2
Cl2
(10 mL)中的二碳酸二-三級丁酯(Boc2
O) (1.74 g;7.97 mmol)之溶液在0℃下於氮氛圍下添加至CH2
Cl2
(40 mL)中的(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲胺(640 mg;3.995 mmol)及DIPEA (1.03 g;1.39 mL,7.98 mmol)之攪拌溶液中。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。將反應混合物以CH2
Cl2
(20 mL)稀釋且以水(50 mL)清洗。將有機相以鹽水(50 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物以快速層析術純化,以給出786 mg (76%)N
-[(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯。
將N
-氯琥珀醯亞胺(82 mg;0.61 mmol)在0℃下於氬氛圍下添加至CH2
Cl2
(4 mL)中的N
-[(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯(160 mg;0.615 mmol)之攪拌溶液中。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌3.5小時。將反應混合物以CH2
Cl2
(20 mL)稀釋且以水(20 mL)清洗。將有機相以鹽水(15 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物以快速層析術純化,以給出145 mg (80%)N
-[(3-氯-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯。
將TFA (300 mg;0.2 mL,3 mmol)在0至2℃下於氬氛圍下添加至無水CH2
Cl2
(3 mL)中的N
-[(3-氯-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯(72 mg,0.244 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌3小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解在CH2
Cl2
(20 mL)中,將pH以添加1N NaOH溶液(在冷卻下)調整至10,將水相以CH2
Cl2
(3x15 mL)萃取,將有機相經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物在矽膠上以CH2
Cl2
中的10%之MeOH溶析之快速層析術純化,以獲得成為黃色固體的49 mg標題化合物。 (3- 氯 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲胺
將N
-氯琥珀醯亞胺(2.01 g,15.05 mmol)在0℃下分批添加至CH2
Cl2
(60 mL)中的1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(2.10 g,14.8 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。濾出所形成之沉澱物且將過濾物在減壓下濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以EtOAc與環己烷之1比4的混合物溶析之管柱層析術純化,以獲得3-氯-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(0.77 g,30%)。
將4 mL在THF中的1 M BH3
溶液在0℃下逐滴添加至二乙醚 (3 mL)中的3-氯-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(176 mg,1 mmol)之懸浮液中,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌2小時。將反應混合物在0℃下以逐滴添加的甲醇(5 mL)淬滅且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以管柱層析術純化,其使用自CH2
Cl2
經由CH2
Cl2
-甲醇的混合物(9:1)逐步改變至CH2
Cl2
-甲醇-25%之水性氨的混合物(89:10:1)之溶析劑。產量:120 mg (67%),黃色油。 (3- 氟 -1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲胺
將NaH (840 mg,在油中的60%,21 mmol)在0℃下於氬氛圍下以劇烈攪拌添加至DMF (16 mL)中的lH
-吲哚-5-甲腈(2.09 g,14.7 mmol)之溶液中。將溶液攪拌30分鐘,接著添加碘甲烷(9.12 g,4 mL,63 mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌4小時。將反應以水(50 mL)淬滅且以EtOAc (3x120 mL)萃取。將有機層合併,以水(2x50 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,且自殘餘物蒸發無水甲苯以獲得成為灰白色固體的2.3 g 1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈,其未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
將PCC (氯鉻酸吡啶鎓,7.6 g,35.2 mmol)添加至乙腈(40 mL)中的1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(1.38 g,8.83 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物回流7小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將反應混合物在真空中濃縮,將殘餘物分溶在H2
O與EtOAc之間。濾出不可溶的部分,將有機層以鹽水清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發溶劑至乾燥。將粗製殘餘物在矽膠上以CH2
Cl2
溶析之快速層析術純化,以獲得成為橘色固體的760 mg 1-甲基-2,3-二側氧基-2,3-二氫-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈。
將1-甲基-2,3-二側氧基-2,3-二氫-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(502 mg,2.7 mmol)在氬氛圍下添加至雙(2-甲氧基乙基)胺基三氟化硫 (Deoxofluor,在甲苯中的50%,5 mL,10 mmol)之溶液中,接著添加0.025 mL絕對EtOH且將混合物在90℃下加熱1小時。
將反應以MeOH (1 mL)淬滅且以CH2
Cl2
(100 mL)稀釋,接著將混合物倒在冷的Na2
SO4
飽和溶液上,且將產物以CH2
Cl2
萃取。將萃取物以鹽水清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發溶劑至乾燥。將粗製殘餘物在矽膠上以0至20%之EtOAc/己烷梯度溶析之快速層析術純化,以給出成為黃色固體的3,3-二氟-1-甲基-2-側氧基-2,3-二氫-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(322 mg)。
將BH3
.THF (1 M於THF中)(7.5 mL,7.5 mmol)在0至2℃下於氬氛圍下添加至無水THF (10 mL)中的3,3-二氟-1-甲基-2-側氧基-2,3-二氫-1H
-吲哚-5-甲腈(510 mg,2.45 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌3小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),在冷卻下添加MeOH (10 mL)且將混合物在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物溶解在EtOAc (50 mL)中,以NaHCO3
飽和溶液(25 mL)清洗,接著以鹽水(25 mL)清洗,經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物在矽膠上以CH2
Cl2
中的10%之MeOH溶析之快速層析術純化,以獲得成為淺黃色固體的70 mg標題化合物。 (3- 氟 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲胺
(3-氟-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲胺係根據其經N甲基化之衍生物,中間物108之合成說明製備。 5-( 胺基甲基 )-1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -3- 甲腈
5-(胺基甲基)-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-3-甲腈係根據下列的合成流程來製備:
將CH2
Cl2
(24 mL)中的二碳酸二-三級丁酯(4.26 g,19.5 mmol)之溶液在0℃下於氬氛圍下逐滴添加至CH2
Cl2
(100 mL)中的(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲胺(1.642 g,10.2 mmol)及DIPEA (2.52 mL,14.5 mmol)之溶液中。將混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜,以水(100 mL)淬滅且以CH2
Cl2
萃取。將有機層以水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物自己烷再結晶以獲得成為白色晶體的[(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯(1.58 g,60%)。
將磷醯氯(0.31 mL,4 mmol)逐滴添加至-5℃(丙酮-乾冰浴)下的DMF (1.5 mL,19 mmol)中且將混合物在0℃(冰-水浴)下於氬氛圍下攪拌1.5小時。將以此方式獲得的Vilsmeyer試劑在-7℃下於氬氛圍下經由注射器逐滴添加至THF (5 mL)中的[(1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯(780 mg,3 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物在0℃下再攪拌1小時。逐滴添加EtOAc (10 mL)及接著逐滴添加3 M乙酸鈉溶液(4.5 mL),且將混合物在室溫下再攪拌2.5小時。添加水(30mL)且將混合物以EtOAc萃取。將合併的有機層以鹽水清洗,乾燥且在真空中蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物以二乙醚濕磨,過濾且乾燥,以產出成為粉紅色固體的[(3-甲醯基-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯(568 mg,66%)。
將N,N
-二甲基甲醯胺(3 mL)中的[(3-甲醯基-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯(288 mg,1 mmol)、羥胺鹽酸鹽(83 mg,1.2 mmol)及吡啶(0.1 mL,1.25 mmol)之溶液在60℃下於氬氛圍下攪拌45分鐘。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫,接著冷卻至0℃,且分批添加羰基二咪唑(811 mg,5 mmol)。將混合物在60℃下於氬氛圍下攪拌30分鐘,接著添加TEA (0.28 mL,2 mmol)且將混合物再攪拌30分鐘。將反應混合物冷卻至0℃,以小心添加的水淬滅且以EtOAc萃取,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中蒸發。將殘餘物在矽膠上以CH2
Cl2
作為溶析劑之管柱層析術純化,以產出成為白色晶體的[(3-氰基-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯(141 mg,50%)。
將TFA (0.46 mL,6 mmol)在0℃下逐滴添加至CH2
Cl2
(4 mL)中的[(3-氰基-1-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲基]胺甲酸三級丁酯(133 mg,0.47 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌2.5小時。將反應混合物在減壓下蒸發至乾燥,添加水且將混合物之pH在0℃下以添加2 M NaOH溶液(0.6 mL)調整至10。將混合物以CH2
Cl2
萃取,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中蒸發,以產出成為白色晶體的標題化合物(82 mg,95%)。 {1- 甲基 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 基 } 甲胺
化合物5-溴-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶可於市場上取自Combi Blocks (目錄編號:IN-0206),且所欲吖吲哚-胺係以上文例證之步驟順序製備。
步驟1:1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈
中間物係如EP 1782811 A1 (EISAI R&D MAN CO LTD)中所述製備。
步驟2:1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈
中間物係如WO 2009/155017 A2 (MERCK & CO INC)中所述製備。
步驟3:{1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-基}甲胺
中間物係如WO 2012/042915 A1 (RAQUALIA PHARMA INC)中所述製備。 {1,2- 二甲基 -1H- 吡咯并 [2,3-b] 吡啶 -5- 基 } 甲胺
將TFA (574 mg,386 µL,1.2莫耳當量)添加至DMF (5 mL)中的2-胺基-5-氰基吡啶(500 mg,4.2 mmol)之溶液中。在室溫下添加N
-碘琥珀醯亞胺(1.04 g,4.62 mmol,1.1莫耳當量)且將反應混合物在50℃下加熱3小時。以TLC顯示完全轉化。在反應混合物冷卻至室溫後,藉由添加反應混合物至水中而沉澱出產物。在以Na2
S2
O3
及1 N NaOH中和後,以過濾收集成為棕色固體的6-胺基-5-碘吡啶-3-甲腈(660 mg)。其未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
將丙炔溶液(在THF中的3至4%;13.2 mL)在0至5℃下經由隔膜添加至絕對THF (18 mL)中的6-胺基-5-碘吡啶-3-甲腈(329 mg,1.34 mmol)、雙(三苯膦)二氯鈀(0)(95 mg,0.134 mmol)、CuI (128 mg,0.671 mmol)與TEA (976 mg,1.34 mL,9.64 mmol)之脫氣混合物中。將混合物在0至5℃下攪拌30分鐘,接著在室溫下再經18小時。將反應以添加NH4
Cl溶液淬滅。以過濾移除固體且將濾餅以CH2
Cl2
清洗。將合併的有機層經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物在矽膠上以環己烷中的40%之EtOAc溶析之快速層析術純化,以獲得成為黃色固體的150 mg 6-胺基-5-(丙-1-炔-1-基)吡啶-3-甲腈(71%)。
將KOt
Bu (428 mg,3.82 mmol,2莫耳當量)添加至DMF (5 mL)中的6-胺基-5-(丙-1-炔-1-基)吡啶-3-甲腈(300 mg,1.91 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物在90℃下加熱5.5小時。以TLC顯示完全轉化。在冷卻至室溫後,將反應混合物倒在水上且以CH2
Cl2
萃取。將合併的有機層經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以獲得成為黃色固體的2-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈279 mg (93%)。其未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
將NaH (在礦油中的60%)(92 mg,2.31 mmol,1.3莫耳當量)在0℃下添加至DMF (7.5 mL)中的2-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(279 mg,1.78 mmol)之溶液中。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌30分鐘,接著逐滴添加在DMF (1.5 mL)中的碘甲烷(380 mg,167 µL)。將混合物在室溫下攪拌隔夜。以TLC顯示完全轉化。將混合物倒在水上且以CH2
Cl2
(3x20 mL)萃取。將合併的有機層經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以獲得成為黃色固體的1,2-二甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(298 mg,98%)。其未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
將雷氏(Raney)-Ni (200 mg)添加至MeOH (100 mL)與水中的25%之氨溶液(25 mL)的混合物中的1,2-二甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(297 mg,1.73 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物在1 atm之H2
下於室溫下攪拌16小時。將反應混合物通過矽藻土墊過濾且將過濾物在減壓下濃縮,以獲得成為黃色固體的標題化合物226 mg (74%)。 {2- 甲基 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 基 } 甲胺
將KIO3
(1.85, 8.64 mmol)分批添加至水性2 M H2
SO4
(30 mL)中的5-溴吡啶-2-胺(3.0 g,17.34 mmol)之溶液中。將混合物加熱至100℃且經1.5小時逐滴添加水(3 mL)中的KI (1.59 g,9.57 mmol)之溶液。在溶液於此溫度下再攪拌30分鐘後,將其冷卻,將混合物之pH以添加6 M水性NaOH溶液調整至8且以EtOAc (3x)萃取。將有機相以5%之Na2
S2
O3
溶液、水及鹽水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物經層析分離(矽膠,環己烷/EtOAc,67/33)以給出成為黃色固體的2.61 g (50.4%) 5-溴-3-碘吡啶-2-胺。
在氮氛圍下,將5-溴-3-碘吡啶-2-胺(500 mg,1.67 mmol)於壓力燒瓶中溶解在THF (27 mL)中。將CuI (159 mg,0.836 mmol)、二氯化雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)(117 mg,0.167 mmol)、丙炔(在庚烷中的約3至4%,16.4 mL,8.36 mmol)及TEA (1.67 mL,12 mmol)添加至混合物中。將燒瓶密閉且將混合物攪拌隔夜。將混合物以飽和NH4
Cl處理,通過矽藻土過濾,以CH2
Cl2
(2x)萃取。將合併的有機層經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物經層析分離(矽膠,環己烷-EtOAc (70:30))以給出成為黃色固體的323 mg (92%) 5-溴-3-(丙-1-炔-1-基)吡啶-2-胺。
將KOt
Bu (686 mg,6.11 mmol)添加至DMF (27 mL)中的5-溴-3-(丙-1-炔-1-基)吡啶-2-胺(645 mg,3.06 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物在90℃下加熱3小時。在冷卻後,將反應混合物以水及冰稀釋,將產物以CH2
Cl2
(3x)萃取。將合併的有機層經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物經層析分離(矽膠,CH2
Cl2
-甲醇-NH4
OH (25%水性)(99:1:0.1))以給出504 mg (78%) 5-溴-2-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶。
在惰性氛圍下,將5-溴-2-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶(450 mg,2.13 mmol)、Zn(CN)2
(376 mg,3.2 mmol)及肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)(246 mg,0.213 mmol)溶解在1-甲基吡咯啶-2-酮(18 mL)中且在150℃下加熱隔夜。在冷卻後,將反應混合物以水稀釋且將產物以EtOAc (2x)萃取。將合併的有機層以鹽水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物經層析分離(矽膠,環己烷-EtOAc,(6:4))以給出159 mg (47%) 2-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈。
將雷氏-Ni (在水中的50%之漿液,0.20 mL)添加至甲醇(32 mL)與25%之水性NH4
OH溶液(8 mL)之混合物中的2-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(88 mg,0.56 mmol)之溶液中,且使用氫氣球在室溫經隔夜氫化。將反應通過矽藻土墊過濾且濃縮。將粗製產物溶解在甲醇及NH4
OH溶液中,通過矽膠(2 g)過濾且蒸發,以給出成為黃色油的86 mg (96%)標題化合物。 {1,3- 二甲基 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 基 } 甲胺
將5-溴-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶(1 g,5.075 mmol)溶解在DMF (8 mL)中且冷卻至0℃。接著添加NaH (300 mg,7.51 mmol,在礦油中的60%之分散液)且將混合物在室溫下攪拌20分鐘。在混合物冷卻至0℃後,逐滴添加苯磺醯氯(0.78 mL,6.09 mmol)且容許溫熱至室溫。在2小時反應時間後,將混合物以飽和NH4
Cl處理,以CH2
Cl2
(2x)萃取。將合併的有機層以水(2x)及鹽水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥,以給出1.71 g (100%) 1-(苯磺醯基)-5-溴-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶。
在惰性氛圍下,將1-(苯磺醯基)-5-溴-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶(816 mg,2.42 mmol)、Zn(CN)2
(426 mg,3.63 mmol)及肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)(280 mg,0.242 mmol)溶解在1-甲基吡咯啶-2-酮(21 mL)中且在110℃下加熱9小時。在冷卻後,將反應混合物以水稀釋,將產物以EtOAc (3x)萃取。將合併的有機層以鹽水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物經層析分離(矽膠,環己烷-EtOAc (7:3))以給出529 mg (77%) 1-(苯磺醯基)-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈。
將溴(191 µL,3.73 mmol)在0℃下緩慢地添加至DMF (8 mL)中的1-(苯磺醯基)-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(528 mg,1.86 mmol)之冷卻溶液中。接著容許懸浮液溫熱至室溫且攪拌隔夜。將混合物之pH以添加2 M水性NaOH溶液調整至9且以CH2
Cl2
萃取。將有機相以NaHCO3
飽和溶液、5%之Na2
S2
O3
溶液及鹽水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥,以給出447 mg (66%) 1-(苯磺醯基)-3-溴-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈。
在惰性氛圍下,將1-(苯磺醯基)-3-溴-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(447 mg,1.23 mmol)溶解在THF (25 mL)中,添加肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)(428 mg,0.37 mmol),隨後逐滴添加三甲基鋁溶液(2.0 M於甲苯中,2.47 mL,4.94 mmol)且接著將混合物加熱至回流7小時。在重複添加肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)(143 mg,0.123 mmol)及三甲基鋁溶液(2.0 M於甲苯中,1.23 mL,2.47 mmol)後,將混合物加熱至回流再4小時。在冷卻後,將反應以緩慢添加的NaHCO3
飽和溶液淬滅,將產物以EtOAc (3x)萃取。將合併的有機層以鹽水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物經層析分離(矽膠,環己烷-EtOAc (8:2))以給出158 mg (43%) 1-(苯磺醯基)-3-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈。
將6 M水性NaOH溶液(1.73 mL,10.4 mmol)添加至甲醇(17 mL)中的1-(苯磺醯基)-3-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(247 mg,0.83 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物加熱至回流2小時。將混合物冷卻且蒸發溶劑。將殘餘物之pH以添加水及10%之檸檬酸溶液調整至7。在攪拌30分鐘後,濾出固體且以水清洗。將粗製產物在50℃之真空烘箱中乾燥且經層析分離(矽膠,環己烷-EtOAc (8:2))以給出94 mg (72%) 3-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈。
將3-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(93 mg,0.59 mmol)溶解在DMF (2.5 mL)中且冷卻至0℃。接著添加NaH (31 mg,0.77 mmol,在礦油中的60%之分散液)且將混合物在此溫度下攪拌30分鐘。逐滴添加在DMF (0.5 mL)中的甲基碘(56 µL,0.9 mmol),接著容許溫熱至室溫且攪拌隔夜。將水緩慢地添加至混合物中且以CH2
Cl2
(3x)萃取。將合併的有機層經Na2
SO4
乾燥且蒸發至乾燥,以給出100 mg (99%) 1,3-二甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈。
將雷氏-Ni (0.21 mL,在水中的50%之漿液)添加至甲醇(34 mL)及25%之氫氧化銨水溶液(8.5 mL)中的1,3-二甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(100 mg,0.584 mmol)之溶液中,且在室溫下使用氫氣球經4小時氫化。將反應通過矽藻土墊過濾且濃縮。將粗製產物溶解在甲醇及氫氧化銨溶液中,通過矽膠(2 g)過濾且蒸發,以給出成為黃色油的92 mg (90%)標題化合物。 {3- 氯 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 基 } 甲胺
{3-氯-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-基}甲胺係如WO 2016/ 083816 A1 (SMITH ALUN JOHN)中所述製備。 {3- 氯 -1- 甲基 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 基 } 甲胺
步驟1:1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈
中間物係如EP 1782811 A1 (EISAI R&D MAN CO LTD)中所述製備。
步驟2:1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈
中間物係如WO 2009/155017 A2 (MERCK & CO INC)中所述製備。
步驟3:3-氯-1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈
將N
-氯琥珀醯亞胺(502 mg,3.76 mmol)在室溫下於氬氛圍下以劇烈攪拌添加至DMF (14 mL)中的1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(600 mg,3.69 mmol)之溶液中。將溶液在室溫下攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物在真空中濃縮(經數次自殘餘物蒸發無水甲苯)。將殘餘物溶解在二乙醚-EtOAc之混合物(1:1,40 mL)中且以水(3x15 mL)清洗。將有機層經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以獲得670 mg 3-氯-1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈,其未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
步驟4:{3-氯-1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-基}甲胺
中間物係如WO 2012/042915 A1 (RAQUALIA PHARMA INC)中所述製備。 {3- 溴 -1- 甲基 -1H
- 吡咯并 [2,3-b
] 吡啶 -5- 基 } 甲胺
步驟1至2:
中間物係以{3-氯-1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-基}甲胺所例證之步驟順序製備,其方法係與EP1782811 A1 (EISAI R&D MAN CO LTD)及WO2009/155017 A2 (MERCK & CO INC)中所述之方法相同。
步驟3:
將N
-溴琥珀醯亞胺(446 mg,2.51 mmol)在室溫下於氬氛圍下以劇烈攪拌添加至CH2
Cl2
(6.5 mL)中的1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈(358 mg,2.28 mmol)之溶液。將溶液在室溫下攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物以CH2
Cl2
(25 mL)稀釋且以水(3x20 mL)清洗。將有機層經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮,以給出670 mg 3-溴-1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-甲腈,其未經任何純化而用於下一步驟中。
步驟4:{3-溴-1-甲基-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-b
]吡啶-5-基}甲胺
中間物係如WO 2012/042915 A1 (RAQUALIA PHARMA INC)中所述製備。 N -[(1- 甲基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲基 ]-3-{[4-( 三氟甲基 ) 苯氧基 ] 甲基 } 吖呾 -1- 甲醯胺
將CH2
Cl2
(3 mL)中的DIPEA (155 mg,208 µL,1.2 mmol)及氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯(121 mg,0.6 mmol)在0℃下於氬氛圍下添加至CH2
Cl2
(6 mL)中的(2-甲基-1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲胺(96 mg,0.6 mmol)之溶液中。將混合物在此條件下攪拌1.5小時。在活化期後,逐滴添加在CH2
Cl2
(3 mL)中的3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾(138 mg,0.6 mmol,中間物66),容許混合物溫熱至室溫,且在此溫度下攪拌隔夜。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物在真空中濃縮。將粗製產物在矽膠上以環己烷與EtOAc之混合物溶析而層析分離,且將所得產物在製備性TLC上進一步純化,以產出64 mg (26%)標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 418.3。
在表11中的實施例係根據實施例38之上述方法製備。
經由不同的路徑合成之實施例: N -[(2- 氰基 -1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲基 ]-3-{[4-( 三氟甲基 ) 苯氧基 ] 甲基 } 吖呾 -1- 甲醯胺
將CH2
Cl2
中的羥甲基-1H
-吲哚(2.73 g,18.55 mmol)、3,4-二氫-2H
-吡喃(2.6 mL,28.5 mmol)及對甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓鹽(470 mg,1.87 mmol)之溶液在室溫下攪拌3小時。添加另一份3,4-二氫-2H
-吡喃(0.8 mL,8.8 mmol),且將混合物再攪拌2小時。添加水且將混合物之pH以添加NaHCO3
飽和溶液調整至8。將混合物以CH2
Cl2
萃取,將合併的有機層經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上以管柱層析術(溶析劑:CH2
Cl2
-EtOAc (98:2))純化,以給出成為淺黃色油的5-[(四氫-2H
-吡喃-2-基氧基)甲基]-1H
-吲哚(2.47 g,58%)。
將二碳酸二-三級丁酯(1.12 g,51.3 mmol)在惰性氛圍下添加至CH2
Cl2
(65 mL)中的5-[(四氫-2H
-吡喃-2-基氧基)甲基]-1H
-吲哚(1.00 g,4.3 mmol)、TEA (0.60 mL,4.3 mmol)及4-(二甲基胺基)吡啶(51 mg,0.4 mmol)之溶液中,且將混合物在室溫下攪拌3小時。添加二氯甲烷,且將混合物以鹽水萃取,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在減壓下蒸發至乾燥。將殘餘物在矽膠上以管柱層析術(梯度溶析:環己烷至環己烷-EtOAc = 95:5)純化,以獲得成為淺黃色油的5-[(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)甲基]-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(1.08 g,75%)。
將三級丁基鋰(在戊烷中的1.7 M溶液,0.88 mL,1.5 mmol)逐滴添加至介於-78℃與-65℃之間於氬氛圍下的四氫呋喃(20 mL)中的5-[(四氫-2H
-吡喃-2-基氧基)甲基]-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(331 mg,1 mmol)之溶液中。將混合物在-70℃下攪拌20分鐘,接著逐滴添加在CH2
Cl2
中的氰酸苯酯(20% m/m,0.75 mL,1.6 mmol)之溶液。將其在-70℃下攪拌30分鐘,容許到達室溫且再攪拌4小時。將混合物以添加NH4
Cl飽和水溶液(20 mL)淬滅。將所得混合物以EtOAc萃取,將合併的有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在減壓下蒸發以給出黃色油。將此粗製材料在矽膠上經由快速管柱層析術(在CH2
Cl2
中的0%至3%之EtOAc)純化,以給出成為白色非晶形物質的2-氰基-5-[(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)甲基]-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(133 mg,47%)。
將乙醇(5 mL)中的2-氰基-5-[(四氫-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)甲基]-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(130 mg,0.36 mmol)及對甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓鹽(18 mg,0.07 mmol)之溶液在回流下加熱2小時。在冷卻至室溫後,將混合物蒸發至乾燥,添加鹽水且將其以EtOAc萃取。將合併的有機層經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在減壓下蒸發,以給出成為白色固體的2-氰基-5-(羥甲基)-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(104 mg)。產物未經進一步純化而用於下一步驟中。
將1,8-二吖雙環(5.4.0)十一-7-烯(0.084 mL,0.56 mmol)在0℃下添加至四氫呋喃(5 mL)中的2-氰基-5-(羥甲基)-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(100 mg,0.36)及疊氮磷酸二苯酯(0.12 mL,0.56 mmol)之溶液中,接著將混合物在回流下加熱3小時。在室溫下添加另一份疊氮磷酸二苯酯(0.06 mL,0.28 mmol)及1,8-二吖雙環(5.4.0)十一-7-烯(0.042 mL,0.28 mmol),且將混合物在回流溫度下再攪拌1小時。在真空中蒸發溶劑,且將殘餘物溶解在CH2
Cl2
中,以NaHCO3
飽和溶液及鹽水萃取,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在減壓下蒸發。將殘餘物以快速管柱層析術(在環己烷中的0%至50%之CH2
Cl2
)純化,以給出成為淡黃色固體的5-(疊氮基甲基)-2-氰基-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(57 mg,51%)。
將四氫呋喃(2 mL)中的5-(疊氮基甲基)-2-氰基-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(55 mg,0.18 mmol)及三苯膦(145 mg,0.55 mmol)之溶液在室溫下於氬氛圍下攪拌5.5小時。添加水(0.5 mL,28 mmol)且將混合物在相同的溫度下攪拌1.5小時。將反應混合物吸附至矽膠上且以快速管柱層析術(在CH2
Cl2
中的0%至10%之MeOH)純化,以給出成為白色晶體的5-(胺基甲基)-2-氰基-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(33 mg,66%)。
將氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯(100 mg,0.5 mmol)在0℃下於氬氛圍下添加至DMF (4 mL)中的5-(胺基甲基)-2-氰基-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(122 mg,0.45 mmol)與DIPEA (0.16 mL,0.92 mmol)之混合物中。將淺黃色懸浮液在此條件下攪拌2.5小時,接著添加另一份氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯(25 mg,0.125 mmol)且將混合物再攪拌1小時,接著添加另一份氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯(25 mg,0.125 mmol)且將混合物再攪拌1小時。在0℃下添加在CH2
Cl2
(2 mL)中的3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾(112 mg,0.45 mmol)之溶液,容許混合物溫熱至室溫且攪拌隔夜。將混合物在真空中濃縮且將殘餘物在矽膠上層析分離,其使用0至10%之EtOAc-CH2
Cl2
的混合物,隨後0至3%之MeOH-CH2
Cl2
的混合物之梯度溶析,以產出136 mg (57%) 2-氰基-5-{[(3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾-1-羰基)胺基]甲基}-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯。
將三氟乙酸(0.4 mL,5 mmol)添加至CH2
Cl2
(10 mL)中的2-氰基-5-{[(3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾-1-羰基)胺基]甲基}-1H
-吲哚-1-羧酸三級丁酯(135 mg,0.25 mmol)之溶液中,在冰水浴中冷卻至0℃且將溶液在室溫下攪拌22小時。在減壓下移除溶劑,且將殘餘物在矽膠上層析分離,其使用0至3%之MeOH-CH2
Cl2
的混合物之梯度溶析,且進一步以乙腈與水的混合物梯度之製備性反相HPLC純化,以獲得標題化合物(24 mg,0.056 mmol,22%)。[M+H]+
= 429.1。 N -[(1H
- 吲哚 -5- 基 ) 甲基 ]-3-{[4-( 三氟甲基 ) 苯氧基 ] 甲基 } 吖呾 -1- 硫代甲醯胺
將1,1’-硫代羰基二咪唑(98 mg,0.55 mmol)在室溫下於氬氛圍下添加至DMF (2 mL)中的3-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}吖呾(116 mg,0.5 mmol)之溶液中。將淡棕黃色溶液在此條件下攪拌1小時。在活化期後,添加在DMF (1 mL)中的1-(1H
-吲哚-5-基)甲胺(72 mg,0.49 mmol)之溶液,且將混合物在此溫度下攪拌隔夜,接著在65℃下攪拌1小時。在反應完成後(以TLC監測),將混合物倒在水(8 mL)上且以EtOAc (2x15 mL)萃取。將有機層經無水Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且在真空中濃縮。將殘餘物在矽膠上層析分離,其係以CH2
Cl2
與MeOH (95:5)的混合物溶析,以產出23 mg標題化合物。LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 420.2。 3-[(4- 甲基苯氧基 ) 甲基 ] 吡咯啶
中間物118係根據中間物62之合成說明製備。 3-{[4-( 三氟甲基 ) 苯氧基 ] 甲基 } 吡咯啶
中間物119係根據中間物62之合成說明製備。
甲基吡咯啶衍生物總結於表12中。
在表13中的其他吡咯啶中間物係根據中間物62之合成說明製備。
在表14中的實施例係根據中間物38之合成說明製備。
以表15呈示之含有哌啶、哌𠯤及氮𠰢環的實施例根據實施例38之合成說明製備。
醫藥組成物之製備
下列的調配實施例係例證本發明之代表性醫藥組成物。然而,本發明不受限於下列的醫藥組成物。A) 固體經口劑型 I., 片劑 II., 口溶膜 B) 液體經口劑型 III., 經口懸浮液 IV., 糖漿 C) 腸胃外劑型 V., 靜脈內注射液 D) 其他劑型 VI., 栓劑 VII., 鼻滴劑或鼻噴霧劑 生物學活性 人類 α7 菸鹼乙醯膽鹼受體 [Ca2+
]i 檢定法
細胞:Flp-In 293細胞穩定地表現人類α7 nAchR及人類RIC-3 (α7細胞,機構內產生)。
材料:以PDL (Falcon)塗佈之96孔盤、培養基、檢定緩衝液、DMSO、FLIPR鈣5套組(Molecular Devices)、丙磺舒(probenecid)、促效劑及PAM試驗化合物。 方法 (Ca2+ 螢光測定法 ) 的簡要說明
將穩定地表現人類α7 nAchR之α7細胞在上文詳述之培養基中培養且每週分流兩次。將用於細胞溶質Ca2+
離子濃度([Ca2+
]i
)之螢光測量的細胞以60000個細胞/孔的密度接種在96孔微量盤中,且在37℃下於95%之空氣/5%之CO2
氛圍下的組織培養培育器中維持隔夜。平板培養基與培養基相同。將50 µl生長培養基以細胞清洗器(BioTek Elx405UCVWS)吸出。接著使用8通道吸管經手動添加在檢定緩衝液中稀釋2倍的50 μl/孔之鈣5套組。在培育期(20分鐘,37℃)後,經手動添加50 μl/孔之含媒劑(DMSO,以4%添加)或參考α7 PAM (4倍最終濃度)的檢定緩衝液且將細胞在37℃下再培育10分鐘。基線及促效劑引誘之[Ca2+
]i
改變係以FlexStation II (Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale, CA),具有集成之8通道流體添加能力的盤式讀數螢光計監測。螢光測量係在37℃下進行。染料係在485 nm激發,在525 nm下以1.4s間隔取樣發射。記錄基線20秒,隨後進行促效劑刺激。將50 µl 4倍濃縮促效劑溶液使用FlexStation II之吸管添加至細胞中且再監測螢光40秒。所有處理的最終DMSO濃度為1%。為了達成此濃度,自所有的試驗化合物製備一系列DMSO儲備溶液。將該等儲備溶液儲存在0℃下,且在測量前立即於檢定緩衝液中進一步稀釋以獲得所欲最終濃度。促效劑及PAM濃度反應研究係分別在飽和濃度之PAM (主要為PNU-120596,5 µM)及促效劑(主要為PNU-282987,1 µM)的存在下進行。結果係使用SoftMax Pro軟體(Molecular Devices)以ΔF/F值表示,其中F為促效劑應用前之靜止螢光,及ΔF為在給出之時間增加的螢光(ΔF = 在刺激後的最大螢光強度值減去刺激前的平均螢光強度值)。在所有實驗中,所有的處理係在多個孔中並行測量且使用平均ΔF/ F值分析。
表16顯示在[Ca2+
]i
檢定法中的PAM EC50
值: 活體內藥理學 ( 位置識別試驗 )
動物:雄性NMRI小鼠(Toxicoop,Hungary)
物質:將莨菪鹼溶解於鹽水中且以1 mg/kg之劑量i.p.投予。試驗化合物係在習得試驗(acquisition trial)(T1)前30分鐘及莨菪鹼係在習得試驗後以0.1 ml/10 g之體積投予。
程序:任務係在透明塑膠玻璃Y形迷宮(各臂具有40 cm長度,11 cm內部寬度及30 cm高度)中進行。許多目視提示係放在臂周圍且在實驗期間保持不變。試驗係由二組以30分鐘相隔時間間隔之試驗(T1和T2)所組成。小鼠係在每次試驗開始時放入迷宮的起始臂中。在T1中,將迷宮的對稱臂之一關閉(其於T2中為新奇臂)且容許動物探索迷宮5分鐘(習得期)。在T2中,小鼠可自由進入所有的三個臂2分鐘(提取期)(retrieval phase)。測量在T2期間探索新奇臂及熟悉臂所花費的時間。各組在迷宮的熟悉臂對新奇臂所花費的探索時間之間的差異係以MANOVA,隨後以Duncan事後檢測(post hoc test)評估。
表17顯示在小鼠的位置識別檢定中經莨菪鹼誘發之健忘症的逆轉:
在迷宮的新奇臂對熟悉臂所花費的探索時間之間觀察到顯著差異(+
p<0.05;++
p<0.01;+++
p<0.001)。Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I):
among themR 1
Hydrogen or C1-6
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-6
Alkyl, or R2
Does not exist when n is 0;R 3
Is hydrogen or O, or R3
Does not exist when m is 0;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-6
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-6
Alkyl, C1-6
Alkoxy or CN;n with m
Independent is 0 or 1; its prerequisite is that n and m cannot be 0 at the same time;k with l
Independent is 1, 2 or 3;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
For hydrogen, C1-6
Alkyl, halogen or halo C1-6
alkyl;R 7
For hydrogen, C1-6
Alkyl or halogen;W
CH or N;Z
CH, C-C1-3
Alkyl or N;L
Is a linker consisting of 1, 2 or 3 atoms optionally substituted, represented by T-U-V, where T is CH2
, C(O), NH, SO2
Or O; U is CH2
, C(O), O or does not exist; and V is CH2
, O or does not existA
It is a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic group or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic group, wherein the heteroatom system is selected from the group of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogens Atom, C1-6
Alkyl, C1-6
Alkoxy, halo C1-6
Alkyl, halo C1-6
Alkoxy, CN or benzyl substitution;
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) as defined above for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined above for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with the activity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing a disease associated with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment or prevention an effective amount At least one compound of formula (I) as defined above.
In another aspect, the compound of formula (I) as defined above may be administered in combination with other compounds used to treat or prevent diseases associated with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
In another aspect, the invention provides methods for making compounds of formula (I).
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I),
among themR 1
Hydrogen or C1-6
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-6
Alkyl, or R2
Does not exist when n is 0;R 3
Is hydrogen or O, or R3
Does not exist when m is 0;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-6
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-6
Alkyl, C1-6
Alkoxy or CN;n with m
Independent is 0 or 1; its prerequisite is that n and m cannot be 0 at the same time;k with l
Independent is 1, 2 or 3;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
For hydrogen, C1-6
Alkyl, halogen or halo C1-6
alkyl;R 7
For hydrogen, C1-6
Alkyl or halogen;W
CH or N;Z
CH, C-C1-3
Alkyl or N;L
Is a linker consisting of 1, 2 or 3 atoms optionally substituted, represented by T-U-V, where T is CH2
, C(O), NH, SO2
Or O; U is CH2
, C(O), O or does not exist; and V is CH2
, O or does not exist;A
Is a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic group or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic group, wherein the heteroatom system is selected from the group of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogens Atom, C1-6
Alkyl, C1-6
Alkoxy, halo C1-6
Alkyl, halo C1-6
Alkoxy, CN or benzyl substitution;
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
The term "halo" or "halogen", as used herein, as such or as part of another group, refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
As used herein or as part of another group, the term "C1-6
"Alkyl" refers to a branched or straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon group having one, two, three, four, five, or six carbon atoms, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl Base, secondary butyl and tertiary butyl.
The term "halo C" as used herein1-6
"Alkyl" means by "C1-6
The "alkyl" group is bonded to at least one halogen as defined above in the parent molecular moiety. When there are several halogens, the halogens may be the same or different and the halogens may be attached to different carbon atoms, or several halogens may be attached to the same carbon atom. Halo C1-6
Alkyl groups include but are not limited to difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and 2-chloroethyl.
As used herein, the term "C1-6
"Alkoxy" means an oxygen atom bonded to the parent molecular moiety as defined above "C1-6
"Alkyl" includes, but is not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, and tertiary butoxy.
The term "halo C" as used herein1-6
"Alkoxy" means defined by "C1-6
"Alkoxy" is bonded to at least one halogen as defined above in the parent molecular moiety. When there are several halogens, the halogens may be the same or different and the halogens may be attached to different carbon atoms, or several halogens may be attached to the same carbon atom. Halo C1-6
Alkoxy groups include but are not limited to trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoroethoxy.
The term "saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated, unsaturated or aromatic three to twelve composed of one to two rings, preferably four to nine, more preferably Six members. The carbocyclyl ring can be optionally substituted as defined above. Examples include, but are not limited to, optionally substituted cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, naphthyl, and the like.
The term "saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic group" as used herein refers to one to two rings incorporating one, two or three heteroatoms (selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, preferably Nitrogen and oxygen) monovalent saturated, unsaturated or aromatic three to twelve members. Heterocyclyl rings can be optionally substituted as defined above. Examples include, but are not limited to, optionally substituted tetrahydrofuranyl, 1-pyridyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, carbazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, Acridinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolinyl, etc.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" indicates that it can be used to prepare pharmaceutical compositions, is generally safe, non-toxic, and is neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes those ingredients that are acceptable for veterinary use as well as human medical use.
The term "hydrate" means a non-covalent combination between water and solute.
The term "solvate" means a non-covalent combination between solvent and solute. Solvents include but are not limited to ethanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran.
"Arbitrary" or "arbitrarily" means that the subsequently described event or situation may not necessarily occur, and the description includes instances where the event or situation occurs and instances where it does not.
"Arbitrarily substituted" means unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents as described herein. Here, "one or more" means from one to the most possible number of substitutions, that is, from replacing one hydrogen to replacing all hydrogens. Substitution with one, two or three is preferably based on the given atom.
"Treating or treatmen" of disease states include:
a) prevention of disease states, that is, the development of clinical symptoms that do not cause disease states in individuals who may be exposed to or susceptible to the disease state but have not experienced or exhibited symptoms of the disease state,
b) Suppress the disease state, that is, prevent the disease state or its clinical symptoms, or
c) To alleviate the disease state, that is, the temporary or permanent regression of the disease state or its clinical symptoms.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to conventional acid addition salts or base addition salts, which retain the biological efficacy and properties of the compound of formula (I) and are compatible with suitable non-toxic organic or inorganic acids or organic or Inorganic base formation. Examples of acid addition salts include salts derived from inorganic acids (such as but not limited to hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and perchloric acid) and from various organic acids (such as But not limited to acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, glycolic acid, phenylacetic acid, salicylic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, oleic acid, pamoic acid, palmitic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid , Methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glutamic acid, fumaric acid and the like) derived salts. Examples of base addition salts are salts derived from ammonium-, potassium-, sodium- and quaternary ammonium hydroxides, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
The term "prodrug" refers to a derivative of a compound of formula (I) according to the present invention, which itself does not have a therapeutic effect, but contains a "biologically active metabolite" that becomes responsible for the therapeutic effect after chemical or metabolic degradation (biological transformation) in vivo Of such groups. The decomposing groups associated with the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention, especially those suitable for prodrugs, are known in the art and can also be applied to the compounds of the present invention (Rautio et al.Nature Reviews-Drug Discovery
2008, 7:255-270).
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-3
Alkyl, or R2
Does not exist when n is 0;R 3
Is hydrogen or O, or R3
Does not exist when m is 0;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or CN;n with m
Independent is 0 or 1; its prerequisite is that n and m cannot be 0 at the same time;k with l
Independent of 1 or 2;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
For hydrogen, C1-3
Alkyl, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
For hydrogen, C1-3
Alkyl or halogen;W
CH or N;Z
CH, C-C1-3
Alkyl or N;L
Is a linker consisting of 1, 2 or 3 atoms optionally substituted, represented by T-U-V, where T is CH2
, C(O), NH, SO2
Or O; U is CH2
, C(O), O or does not exist; and V is O or does not exist;A
It is a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 9-membered carbocyclic group or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 9-membered heterocyclic group, in which the heteroatom system is selected from the group of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; One or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy, halo C1-3
Alkyl, halo C1-3
Alkoxy, CN or benzyl substitution;
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-3
Alkyl, or R2
Does not exist when n is 0;R 3
Is hydrogen or O, or R3
Does not exist when m is 0;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or CN;n with m
Independent is 0 or 1; its prerequisite is that n and m cannot be 0 at the same time;k with l
Independent of 1 or 2;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
For hydrogen, C1-3
Alkyl, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
For hydrogen, C1-3
Alkyl or halogen;W
CH or N;Z
CH or N;L
Is a linker consisting of 1, 2 or 3 atoms optionally substituted, represented by T-U-V, where
T is CH2
, C(O), NH, SO2
Or O; U is CH2
, C(O), O or does not exist; and V is O or does not exist;A
It is a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 9-membered carbocyclic group or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 9-membered heterocyclic group, in which the heteroatom is nitrogen; optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms Class, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy, halo C1-3
Alkyl, halo C1-3
Alkoxy, CN or benzyl substitution;
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-3
Alkyl, or R2
Does not exist when n is 0;R 3
Is O, or R3
Does not exist when m is 0;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or CN;n with m
Independent is 0 or 1; its prerequisite is that n and m cannot be 0 at the same time;k with l
Independent of 1 or 2;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
For hydrogen, C1-3
Alkyl, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
For hydrogen, C1-3
Alkyl or halogen;W
CH or N;Z
CH or N;L
Is a linker selected from the group: -CH2
-, -O-, -NH-,
-SO2
-, -C(O)-, -CH2
-O-, -CH2
-CH2
-O-, -O-CH2
-,
-CH2
-CH2
-, -NH-C(O)- or -NH-CH2
-;A
It is a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 9-membered carbocyclic group or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4- to 9-membered heterocyclic group, in which the heteroatom is nitrogen; optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms Class, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy, halo C1-3
Alkyl, halo C1-3
Alkoxy, CN or benzyl substitution;
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-3
Alkyl, or R2
Does not exist when n is 0;R 3
Is O, or R3
Does not exist when m is 0;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or CN;n with m
Independent is 0 or 1; its prerequisite is that n and m cannot be 0 at the same time;k with l
Independent of 1 or 2;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
For hydrogen, C1-3
Alkyl, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
For hydrogen, C1-3
Alkyl or halogen;W
CH or N;Z
CH or N;L
Is a linker selected from the group: -CH2
-, -O-, -NH-,
-SO2
-, -C(O)-, -CH2
-O-, -CH2
-CH2
-O-, -O-CH2
-,
-CH2
-CH2
-, -NH-C(O)- or -NH-CH2
-;A
Is an aromatic 6-membered carbocyclic group or an aromatic 6-membered heterocyclic group, in which the heteroatom is nitrogen; optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy, halo C1-3
Alkyl, halo C1-3
Alkoxy, CN, or benzyl substitution;
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Does not exist;R 3
Is O;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl or CN;n
Is 0;m
Is 1k
Is 2;l
Is 2;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
Is hydrogen, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
Is hydrogen or halogen;W
CH or N;Z
CH or N;L
Is a linker selected from the group: -CH2
-, -O-, -NH- or
-SO2
-;A
Is phenyl, 2-pyridyl or 3-pyridyl, optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or halo C1-3
Alkyl substitution
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Does not exist;R 3
Is O;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl or CN;n
Is 0;m
Is 1k
Is 1l
Is 1Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
Is hydrogen, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
Is hydrogen or halogen;W
Is N;Z
CH or N;L
Is a linker selected from the group: -CH2
-, -O-, -NH- or
-CH2
-O-;A
Is phenyl, 2-pyridyl or 3-pyridyl, optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or halo C1-3
Alkyl substitution
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 3
Does not exist;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl or CN;n
Is 1m
Is 0;k
Is 1l
Is 1Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
Is hydrogen, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
Is hydrogenW
Is N;Z
CH or C-C1-3
alkyl;L
Is a linker selected from the following groups: -O-, -CH2
-O-,
-CH2
-CH2
-O-, -O-CH2
-, -CH2
-CH2
-, -NH-C(O)- or
-NH-CH2
-;A
Is phenyl, 2-pyridyl or 3-pyridyl, optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or halo C1-3
Alkyl substitution
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 3
Does not exist;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl or CN;n
Is 1m
Is 0;k
Is 1l
Is 2;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
Is hydrogen, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
Is hydrogenW
Is N;Z
For CH;L
Is a linker selected from the following groups: -O-, -CH2
-, -CH2
-O- or -NH-;A
Is phenyl, 2-pyridyl or 3-pyridyl, optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or halo C1-3
Alkyl substitution
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 3
Does not exist;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl or CN;n
Is 1m
Is 0;k
Is 2;l
Is 2;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
Is hydrogen, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
Is hydrogenW
Is N;Z
CH or N;L
Is a linker selected from the following groups: -O-, -CH2
-, -CH2
-O- or -C(O)-;
A is phenyl, 2-pyridyl, or 3-pyridyl, optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or halo C1-3
Alkyl substitution
Or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates
In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of formula (I), whereinR 1
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 2
Hydrogen or C1-3
alkyl;R 3
Does not exist;R 4
withR 5
Independent of hydrogen and C1-3
Alkyl, halogen, halo C1-3
Alkyl or CN;n
Is 1m
Is 0;k
Is 2;l
Is 3;Y
N or C (R6
);R 6
Is hydrogen, halogen or halo C1-3
alkyl;R 7
Is hydrogenW
Is N;Z
CH or N;L
Is a linker selected from the following groups: -O-, -CH2
-O- or -NH-;A
Is phenyl, 2-pyridyl or 3-pyridyl, optionally through one or more halogen atoms or halogen atoms, C1-3
Alkyl, C1-3
Alkoxy or halo C1-3
Alkyl substitution
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) selected from the following group:
N-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-2-{4-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]piper𠯤-1-yl}-2-oxoacetamide amine;
N-{1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl}-2-{4-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]piper𠯤-1-yl} -2- pendant acetamide;
N-(3-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-2-{4-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]piper 𠯤-1-yl}-2-side Oxyacetamide;
N-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-2-[4-(4-methylphenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoacetamide;
2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]-N-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-2-oxoacetamide;
[(1H-indol-5-yl)methyl][(3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}acryl-1-yl)methyl]amine;
N-({1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl}methyl)-3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}acridine X-1-methanamide;
N-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]-3-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]methyl}acryl-1-carboxamide ;
N-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]-3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}acryl-1-carboxamide;
3-{[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}-N-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]acryl-1- Formamide;
3-{[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}-N-[(1H-indol-5-yl)methyl] acridine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(3-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]-3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}acryl-1- Formamide;
3-methyl-N-({1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl}methyl)-3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy ] Methyl} acridine-1-carboxamide;
N-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-methylphenoxy)methyl]pyrrolidin-1-carboxamide;
(3R)-3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-1-carboxamide;
(3S)-3-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-1-carboxamide:
(3S)-N-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]pyrrolidin-1-carboxamide;
(3S)-3-(4-cyanophenoxy)-N-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-1-carboxamide;
(3S)-N-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]-3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}pyrrolidine-1-methyl Amide
N-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}piper 𠯤-1-carboxamide;
4-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-N-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide;
Or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) as defined above for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined above for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment or prevention an effective amount of at least one The compound of formula (I) as defined above.
In one embodiment, the diseases associated with the activity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are selected from the group consisting of: mental disorders, including but not limited to thought disorders, quasi-thinking disorders, emotional thought Disorders, delusions, transient mental disorders, mental disorders due to general medical conditions, substance-induced mental disorders or mental disorders not otherwise specified; cognitive impairment, including but not limited to stroke , Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, HIV-related dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, cerebrovascular disease or other Cognitive impairment of dementia and dementia associated with other degenerative disorders (including but not limited to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) can cause other acute or subacute conditions of cognitive decline, including but not limited to delirium, Traumatic brain damage, senile dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Down's disease, depression and other cognitive impairments related to other diseases, and dyskinesias, including but not limited to Parkinson's disease, induced by antipsychotic inhibitors Parkinson's disease or delayed movement disorders, depression and emotional disorders, including but not limited to depression and seizures, bipolar disorders, circulatory emotional disorders and bipolar disorders not otherwise specified, other emotional disorders 1. Substance-induced emotional disorders and emotional disorders not otherwise specified; anxiety disorders, panic disorders and panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, acute stress disorders, generalized anxiety disorders, anxiety due to general medical conditions Disorders, substance-induced anxiety disorders, phobias and anxiety disorders not otherwise specified; substance-related disorders, including but not limited to substance abuse or substance-induced disorders, including but not limited to alcohol, nicotine, amphetamines, phencyclidine Piperidine, opioids, cannabis, cocaine, caffeine, hallucinogens, inhalants, sedatives, sleeping pills, anxiolytics, multiple substances or other substance-related disorders; sleep disorders, including but not limited to narcolepsy, sleep Disorders, primary narcolepsy, respiratory-related sleep disorders, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, and sleep abnormalities not otherwise specified; parasomnias, sleep panic disorders, sleepwalking disorders, and parasomnias not otherwise specified Disease; sleep disorders related to another mental disorder; sleep disorders and substance-induced sleep disorders due to general medical conditions; metabolism and eating disorders, including but not limited to anorexia nervosa, psychogenic binge eating disorder, obesity , Compulsive eating disorders, eating disorders and eating disorders not specified otherwise; diabetes, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, intestinal irritability syndrome; autism spectrum disorders, including but not limited to autism, Yass Berger's disease, Rett's disease, childhood disintegration disorders and generalized developmental disorders not otherwise specified; inattention deficit hyperactivity disorder, destructive behavior disorders, antagonistic resistance disorders and those not otherwise specified Disruptive behavior disorders; and tic disorders, including but not limited to Tourette's disease; personality disorders; sexual dysfunction, such as sexual desire disorder, sexual excitability disorder, orgasm disorder, sexual pain disorder , Sexual dysfunction, sexual inversion, gender identity disorders, infertility, premenstrual syndrome and sexual disorders not otherwise specified; respiratory disorders such as cough, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , Inflammation of the lungs, diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as heart failure, arrhythmia, hypertension; inflammation, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allergies, sarcoma, psoriasis, ataxia , Dystonia, systemic lupus erythematosus, mania, restless legs syndrome, progressive upper eye nucleus palsy, epilepsy, myoclonus, migraine, amnesia, chronic fatigue syndrome, cataplexy, Cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis, jet lag, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and sepsis.
In one embodiment, the disease associated with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity is selected from the group of cognitive impairment, ataxia, and autism.
The invention further relates to combination therapy, wherein the compound of the invention or the pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising the compound of the invention is administered together with another therapeutic agent or therapeutic agent to treat one or more of the previously indicated disorders. Such therapeutic agents may be selected from: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor agonists or antagonists, anti-amyloid antibodies (including anti-amyloid humanized monoclonal antibodies), β- or γ -Secretase inhibitors or regulators, tau phosphorylation inhibitors, ApoE4 conformation regulators, p25/CDK5 inhibitors, NK1/NK3 receptor antagonists, COX-2 inhibitors, LRRK2 inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors, NSAIDs, vitamin E, glycine transport inhibitors, glycine site antagonists, LXR β agonists, androgen receptor modulators, Aβ oligomer formation blockers, NR2B antagonists, anti Inflammatory compounds, PPAR gamma agonists, CB-1 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists, CB-2 agonists, VR-1 antagonists, bradykinin Bl receptor antagonists, sodium channel blockers and Antagonist, NOS inhibitor, antibiotic, growth hormone secretagogue, potassium channel opener, AMPA agonist or AMPA modulator, GSK3 inhibitor, neuronal nicotinic agonist, MARK ligand, M1
Or M4
mAChR agonists or PAM, mGluR2 antagonists or NAM or PAM, mGluR5 antagonists, alpha-adrenergic agonists, ADAM-10 ligands, sedatives, sleeping pills, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, cyclopyrrolidone, Imidazopyridine, pyrazolopyrimidine, Qingning God, melatonin agonists and antagonists, melatonin agents, appetite hormone antagonists and agonists, prokineticin agonists and antagonists, type T Calcium channel antagonist, triazolopyridine benzodiazepine, barbiturate, 5-HT1A
Antagonist, 5-HT2
Antagonist, 5-HT4
Agonist, 5-HT6
Antagonist, Histamine H3
Receptor antagonists and inverse agonists, PDE4
Inhibitors, PDE9
Inhibitors, PDE10
Inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, KCNQ antagonists, GABAA
Inverse agonist, GABA signal enhancer, GABA agonist, GABAA
Receptor α5 subunit NAM or PAM, antipsychotic drugs, MAO-B inhibitors, dopamine transport inhibitors, norepinephrine transport inhibitors, D2
Agonists and partial agonists, anticholinergics, COMT inhibitors, A2a adenosine receptor antagonists, cholinergic agonists, nerve relaxants, loxapine, sulpiride and risperidone, levodine Barium, calcium channel blockers, MMP inhibitors, thrombolytic agents, opioid analgesics, pramipexole, ropinirole, neutrophil inhibitors, SSRI or SSNRI, tricyclic antidepressants, norepinephrine Modifiers, lithium, valproic acid, gabapentin, pregabalin, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan and sumatriptan.
In one embodiment, the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, β-secretase inhibitors, antipsychotic drugs, GABAA
Receptor α5 subunit NAM or PAM, histamine H3
Receptor antagonist, 5-HT6
Receptor antagonist, M1 or M4 mAChR agonist or PAM, mGluR2 antagonist or NAM or PAM and levodopa.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing the compound of formula (I) according to the following reaction pathway:
The compounds of formula (I) of the present invention can be prepared in various ways that are generally familiar with synthetic methods or modifications known in organic chemistry techniques familiar to those skilled in the art. The starting materials used herein are commercially available or can be prepared by conventional methods known in the art or by detailed synthetic routes.
In the following reaction scheme and below, R1
To R7
, N, m, k, l, Y, W, Z, L, and A are as defined in the first aspect, unless otherwise stated.
Throughout the specification, the general formulas are indicated by Roman numerals (I), (II), (III), etc.Process 1
Where n means 0, R3
The meaning is O, and the meaning of m is 1, and R1
, R4
, R5
, R7
The meaning of, Y, k, l, W, Z, L, A is that the compound of formula (I) explained by the compound of formula (I) above can be prepared according to Scheme 1:
This preparation is achieved by combining the compound of formula (II)
-Where R1
, R4
, R5
, R7
The meaning of Y is explained by the compound of formula (I) above-
Coupling with compound of formula (III)
-Wherein the meanings of k, l, W, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above;
Or by combining the compound of formula (IV)
-Where R1
, R4
, R5
, R7
The meaning of Y is explained by the compound of formula (I) above-
Coupling with compound of formula (V)
-Wherein the meaning of W is N, and the meanings of k, l, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above.
Typical conditions include reactants with suitable coupling agents (such as HATU, HBTU, EDC, T3
P) In a suitable solvent (such as CH2
Cl2
Or DMF) processing. Alternative conditions include the use of carboxylic acid (formula (III) or formula (IV)) using oxalyl chloride or Ghosez’s reagent in a suitable solvent (such as CH2
Cl2
Or DMF) into the corresponding acetyl chloride, and then the formed acetyl chloride is reacted with the corresponding amine in the presence of a suitable base (such as DIPEA or TEA) to form the amide. The reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of 0°C to room temperature. The necessary reaction time is 6 to 20 hours. The progress of the reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography. The post-treatment of the reaction mixture can be carried out in different ways, usually quenched by the addition of water. The product is isolated by extraction with a suitable organic solvent and purified by crystallization or column chromatography.Process 2
Compounds of formula (III) and formula (IV) can be prepared according to scheme 2:
Where formula (II) is treated with 2-chloro-2-oxo ethyl acetate/methyl ester in a suitable solvent (such as dichloromethane) in the presence of a base (such as DIPEA, TEA)
-Where R1
, R4
, R5
, R7
The meaning of Y is explained by the compound of formula (I) above;
Or (V)
-Wherein the meaning of W is N, and the meanings of k, l, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above- to provide the compound of formula (IVa)
-Where R1
, R4
, R5
, R7
The meaning of Y is explained by the compound of formula (I) above;
Or compound of formula (IIIa)
-Wherein the meaning of W is N, and the meanings of k, l, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above- and the alkali hydrolysis accompanied by these esters provides a suitable carboxylic acid of the following formula: Formula (IV)
-Where R1
, R4
, R5
, R7
The meaning of Y is explained by the compound of formula (I) above;
Or formula (III)
-Wherein the meaning of W is N, and the meanings of k, l, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above.Process 3
Or the compound of formula (III) can be prepared according to Scheme 3:
Formula (VI) is treated with ethyl isocyanoacetate in a suitable solvent (such as THF) in the presence of a base (such as NaH)
-Wherein the meaning of W is CH, and the meanings of k, l, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above- to provide the compound of formula (VII)
-Wherein the meaning of W is CH, and the meanings of k, 1, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above- and the compound of formula (VII) is treated with an aqueous HCl solution, followed by an aqueous KOH solution Treatment to obtain the compound of formula (III)
-Wherein the meaning of W is CH, and the meanings of k, l, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above.Process 4
The compound of formula (I) can be prepared according to Scheme 4:
-Where R2
The meaning is C1-6
Alkyl or hydrogen, n means 1, m means 0, W means N, and R1
, R4
, R5
, R7
, Y, k, l, Z, L, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above-the preparation is made by applying the appropriate primary amine compound of formula (VIII)
-Where n is 1, and R1
, R2
, R4
, R5
, R7
The meaning of Y is as described above for compounds of formula (I)-using standard procedures and reagents (e.g. CDI, chloroformate or 1,1’-thiocarbonyldiimidazole) in a suitable solvent (e.g. CH2
Cl2
Or DMF) activated under argon atmosphere, and then reacted with the compound of formula (V)
-Wherein the meaning of W is N, and the meanings of k, 1, L, Z, A are explained by the compound of formula (I) above-the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of 0°C to room temperature. The necessary reaction time is 15 to 20 hours. The progress of the reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography. The post-treatment of the reaction mixture can be carried out in different ways, usually quenched by the addition of water. The product is isolated by extraction with a suitable organic solvent and purified by crystallization or column chromatography.
The compounds of formula (II), formula (V) and formula (VIII) used herein are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art. Preferred methods include but are not limited to those in the Examples section below The said.
The invention includes within its scope all possible isotopically labeled forms of the compound.
The compounds of the present invention can be administered orally, parenterally (e.g. intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intraarticular, intrathecal, intraperitoneal, direct intraventricular, intraventricular, intramedullary injection, intracisternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection or Implantation), ocular, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual, and topical routes of administration, and can be formulated separately or together in suitable dosage units containing pharmaceutically acceptable excipients suitable for each route of administration In the formulation.
Alternatively, the compound may be administered locally rather than systemically, for example via direct injection of the compound into the kidney or heart area, often in a modified release formulation. In addition, drugs can be administered in targeted drug delivery systems, such as liposomes coated with tissue-specific antibodies. The lipid system is selectively absorbed by targeted tissues.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention usually contains 0.01 to 500 mg of the active ingredient in a single dosage unit. However, the amount of active ingredient in some compositions may exceed the upper or lower limit defined above.
The compound can be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times a day, preferably once or twice a day.
This dosage level and regimen can be adjusted to provide the optimal treatment response. However, it should be understood that the specific dosage level and frequency of the dosage for any specific patient may vary and depend on various factors, including the activity of the specific compound used, the metabolic stability and length of action of the compound, age, body weight , General health, gender, diet, mode and time of administration, excretion rate, drug combination, severity of specific conditions, and host receiving treatment.
The present invention provides medicines containing compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, prodrugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates Pharmaceutical manufacturing is another aspect of the present invention.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be formulated into different pharmaceutical dosage forms, including but not limited to solid oral dosage forms, such as tablets (eg, buccal, sublingual, foamable, chewable, orodisible, orophilic) ), capsules, lozenges, tablets, pills, oral films, granules, powders; liquid oral dosage forms, including but not limited to solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs, oral drops; parenteral Dosage forms, including but not limited to intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection; other dosage forms, including but not limited to eye drops, semi-solid ophthalmic preparations, nasal drops and sprays, transdermal dosage forms, suppositories, rectal capsules, rectum Solutions, emulsions and suspensions.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be manufactured in any conventional manner, for example, by mixing, dissolving, emulsifying, suspending, embedding, freeze-drying, extruding, laminating, film molding, granulating, grinding, encapsulating, preparing Sugar-coated tablets or tableting process.
The pharmaceutical composition used in accordance with the present invention can therefore be formulated in any conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable excipients. Any of the well-known techniques and excipients as suitable and as understood in the art can be used.
Excipients suitable for preparing dosage forms can be selected from the following categories, including but not limited to tablets and capsule fillers, tablet and capsule binders, release modifiers, disintegrating agents, slip aids, lubricants, sweetness Agents, taste-masking agents, flavoring agents, coating agents, surfactants, antioxidants, buffers, complexing agents, emulsifiers, lyophilization aids, microencapsulating agents, ointment bases, penetration enhancers, cosolvents, Solvent, suppository base and suspending agent.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of specific excipients that can improve the solubility, solubility, permeability, absorbability and/or bioavailability of the active ingredient. The excipients include but are not limited to hydrophilic Polymers, hot melt extrusion excipients, surfactants, buffers, complexing agents, emulsifiers, lyophilization aids, super disintegrants, microencapsulating agents, penetration enhancers, cosolvents, co-solvents and Suspending agent.
The above components and different manufacturing paths are only representative. Other materials well known in the art, as well as processing techniques and the like, can also be used.
Examples
The invention is further defined in the following examples. It should be understood that the examples are given by way of illustration only. Those skilled in the art can determine the basic features of the present invention from the above discussion and examples, and can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to adapt the present invention to various uses and conditions. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the exemplary embodiments presented below, but is defined by the scope of the patent application attached hereto.
Compounds of formula (I) can generally be prepared according to the general knowledge of those skilled in the art and/or using the methods set forth in the Examples and/or Intermediates section that follows. The solvent, temperature, pressure and other reaction conditions can be easily selected by those skilled in the art. The starting materials are commercially available and/or easily prepared by those skilled in the art.
The invention is now exemplified by the following non-limiting examples.
In the following examples, "room temperature" means a temperature in the range of 20°C to 25°C.
The abbreviations used in specific embodiments have the following meanings:
Aromatic amine intermediates are purchased from commercially available sources or their synthesis is based on the chemical literature (Table 1).
Many aromatic amines are synthesized according to the following synthetic routes: 1,3- Dimethyl -1 H- Indole -5- amine
500 mg (3.08 mmol) 5-nitroindole was dissolved in 10 mL DMF and 0.135 g (5.625 mmol) NaH was added. After stirring for 5 minutes, 0.211 mL (3.39 mmol) of methyl iodide was added and the mixture was stirred overnight. Add concentrated NH4
Cl solution and extracted twice with 10 mL EtOAc. The combined organic phase was extracted twice with 10 mL of water and twice with brine, and then extracted with Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness to obtain 536 mg of 1-methyl-5-nitroindole.
0.312 mL (3.35 mmol) of phosphoryl chloride was added to 2.5 mL of DMF at -20°C. Then 536 mg (3.04 mmol) of 1-methyl-5-nitroindole was added in portions. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. 5 mL water was added and the mixture was added with 20 mL CH2
Cl2
extraction. The organic phase was extracted twice with 10 mL water and 10 mL brine. The organic layer was passed through Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness to obtain 666 mg of 1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde.
496 mg (2.43 mmol) 1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde was dissolved in 200 mL methanol. The solution was hydrogenated at 207 mg 10% Pd/C under atmospheric pressure for 12 hours. The catalyst is filtered out and the filtrate is evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 165 mg of 1,3-dimethyl-1H-indole-5-amine. 3- fluorine -1- methyl -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- amine
Under an argon atmosphere, 1.86 g (9.4 mmol) of 5-bromo-7-azindole was dissolved in 225 mL of anhydrous acetonitrile and 45 mL of concentrated acetic acid. The solution was heated to 40°C, 5 g of Selectfluor (1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate)) was added and the resulting mixture was heated To 80°C and stir overnight. It was evaporated to dryness, the crude product was dissolved in 200 mL EtOAc and washed twice with water. The organic layer was passed through Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate. In rapid column chromatography (CH2
Cl2
/MeOH = 99/1), 362 mg of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-7-azindole was isolated.
A solution of 300 mg (1.4 mmol) 5-bromo-3-fluoro-7-azindole in 12 mL of anhydrous THF was cooled to 0°C, and 140 mg NaH (60% m/m mineral oil suspension) was added in portions Solution, 3.5 mmol, 2.5 molar equivalent). The solution was then allowed to warm to room temperature (about 30 minutes), 397 mg (2 molar equivalents) of methyl iodide was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with the addition of water. The mixture was extracted three times with EtOAc. The extract was passed through Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and evaporate to dryness to obtain 380 mg of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-1-methyl-7-azindole as a yellowish brown oil, which was used in the next step without further purification.
380 mg (1.4 mmol) 5-bromo-3-fluoro-1-methyl-7-azindole was dissolved in 15 mL of anhydrous toluene. Argon was vaporized through the solution for 20 minutes. Then add 0.305 mL (2.8 mmol) benzylamine, 405 mg (4.2 mmol) NaOt
Bu, 66 mg (0.14 mmol) RuPhos and 65 mg (0.07 mmol) Pd2
(dba)3
. The reaction mixture was heated to 105°C overnight. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, water was added and the mixture was extracted three times with EtOAc, over Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. 96 mg of 5-benzylamino-3-fluoro-1-methyl-7-azindole obtained without further purification was used.
96 mg (0.376 mmol) 5-benzylamino-3-fluoro-1-methyl-7-azindole in a mixture of 6 mL methanol and 6 mL EtOAc at 35 mg 10% Pd/C in Hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure over 48 hours. The catalyst is filtered off and the solvent is evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using EtOAc as the eluent to obtain 23 mg of 3-fluoro-1-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-amine. 2-( Trifluoromethyl )-1 H- Indole -5- amine
200 mg (1.0 mmol) of 2-trifluoromethylindole was dissolved in 1 mL of acetic anhydride. The mixture was cooled to 0°C and 131 mg (0.54 mmol) Cu(NO3
)2 .
3H2
O. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hours. Water and diethyl ether are added, and the organic phase is added with 8% NaHCO3
The solution was extracted three times and once with water. Pass the organic phase through Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. 63 mg of 2-trifluoromethyl-5-nitroindole was obtained.
63 mg (0.27 mmol) of 2-trifluoromethyl-5-nitroindole was hydrogenated with 6 mg of 10% Pd/C catalyst in 5 mL of ethanol at atmospheric pressure and room temperature for 9 hours. Then another 6 mg of 10% Pd/C was added and the reaction continued for two days. The catalyst was filtered and the solvent was evaporated to obtain 55 mg of crude 2-trifluoromethyl-1H
-Indole-5-amine, which was used in the next step without further purification. 3- fluorine -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- amine
1.0 g (6.13 mmol) of 5-nitro-7-azindole was dissolved in 145 mL of a mixture of anhydrous acetonitrile and 30 mL of acetic acid. The mixture was heated to 40°C and 3.5 g (9.2 mmol) Selectfluor was added. The temperature was raised to 80°C and the mixture was kept at this temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated, EtOAc was added and the mixture was extracted three times with water. The organic phase was dried and evaporated, the residue was treated with diethyl ether and the solid was filtered off. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc as the eluent to obtain 280 mg of 3-fluoro-5-nitro-7-azindole.
110 mg (0.6 mmol) 3-fluoro-5-nitro-7-azindole was hydrogenated at 11 mg 10% Pd/C in 156 mL ethanol at atmospheric pressure for 24 hours. The catalyst was filtered out and the filtrate was evaporated. The crude product will be used in CH2
Cl2
The 5% methanol in the solution is purified by flash chromatography as the eluent. Get 64 mg 3-fluoro-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-amine. 1- methyl -7-( Trifluoromethyl )-1 H- Indole -5- amine
Dissolve 1.72 g (8.36 mmol) 4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline in 20 mL CH2
Cl2
in. When the temperature is maintained between 0 and 10°C, add 1.6 g (13.4 mmol) of IPy in portions2
BF4
. Keeping the temperature between 0 and 5°C, 2.37 mL (26.75 mmol) trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was slowly added. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with the addition of water (20 mL). CH2
Cl2
(2x 20 mL) After extraction, the combined organic layers were separated with Na2
S2
O3
Saturated solution (20 mL), washed with anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with cyclohexane-EtOAc (4:1) elution to yield 1.52 g of 6-iodo-4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline .
5 mL TEA was added to 560 mg (1.69 mmol) 6-iodo-4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline under an argon atmosphere. Add 101 mg Pd(PPh at room temperature3
)2
Cl2
, 30 mg CuI and 0.30 mL trimethylsilylacetylene and the mixture was stirred overnight. The solvent and volatiles were removed under reduced pressure, and diethyl ether was added to the residue. After filtering on diatomaceous earth, the organic extract was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with cyclohexane-EtOAc (10:1) leaching to yield 300 mg 4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-6-[2 -(Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]aniline.
380 mg (1.256 mmol) 4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-6-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]aniline was dissolved in 4 mL DMF and 240 mg CuI was added. The reaction mixture was heated to 100°C under argon atmosphere for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the solvent was removed in vacuo and EtOAc was added to the residue. After filtering on diatomaceous earth, the organic extract was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with cyclohexane-EtOAc (5:1) leaching to yield 220 mg 5-nitro-7(trifluoromethyl)-1H
‐Indole.
Under an argon atmosphere, 127 mg (0.5 mmol) 5-nitro-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1H
-Indole is dissolved in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was cooled to 0°C and 40 mg NaH (60% in mineral oil) was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 minutes and 0.07 mL of methyl iodide in 2 mL of THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water and EtOAc were added, and the organic layer was separated, washed three times with water, washed with Na2
SO4
Dry and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 60 mg 1-methyl-5-nitro-7(trifluoromethyl)-1H
-Indole.
95 mg (0.41 mmol) 5-nitro-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H
-Indole is dissolved in 20 mL of methanol. Add 10 mg Pd(OH)2
/C and hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure for 2 hours. Add another 5 mg Pd(OH)2
/C and continued hydrogenation for 4 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography using 2:1 hexane-EtOAc as the eluent to obtain 48 mg of 1-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1H
-Indole-5-amine.
Piper intermediates were purchased from commercially available sources (Table 2) or synthesized (see below).
Unavailable piper derivatives are synthesized according to the synthesis procedure detailed below: 4 ‐ {[6 ‐ ( Trifluoromethyl ) Pyridine -3- base ] methyl } Piper 𠯤
Dissolve 0.53 g (3 mmol) 2-trifluoromethyl-5-pyridinecarbaldehyde (piridinecarboxaldehide) and 0.55 g (3 mmol) piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester in 40 mL CH2
Cl2
In addition, 0.95 g (4.5 mmol) of sodium triethoxyborohydride was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. Put the reaction mixture in sequence with 15 mL of 20% K2
CO3
And water extraction. Pass the organic phase through Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography using chloroform and ethanol as eluents to yield 0.65 g (63%) 4‐{[6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl} Piper 𠯤‐1‐carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester.
0.65 g (1.88 mmol) of 4-‐[[6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}piper 𠯤‐1‐carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester at 0° C. in 10 mL of EtOAc in 30% HCl treatment. After the slurry was stirred for 3 hours, the precipitated product was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried in vacuum to yield 0.56 g of 4-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}piper 𠯤 Hydrochloride. 4 ‐ {[5 ‐ ( Trifluoromethyl ) Pyridine -2- base ] methyl } Piper 𠯤
Intermediate 23 is synthesized in a similar manner as described for intermediate 24. 4 ‐ [(3 ‐ chlorine ‐ 4 ‐ Fluorophenyl ) methyl ] Piper 𠯤
Combine 1.86 g (10 mmol) piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester, 2.23 g (10 mmol) 4-chloro-3-fluorobenzyl bromide and 2.78 g (20 mmol) K2
CO3
Dissolved in 30 mL ethanol and heated to reflux for 12 hours. The slurry was concentrated in vacuo, 20 mL of water was added and it was added at 20 mL CH2
Cl2
Extract three times. Combine the combined organic layers with Na2
SO4
Dried and concentrated in vacuo to yield 3.28 g (99%) 4‐[(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)methyl]piper 𠯤‐1‐carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester.
Dissolve 3.28 g (10 mmol) 4‐[(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)methyl]piper𠯤‐1‐carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester in 30 mL CH2
Cl2
in. Add 7.7 mL TFA and stir at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Add 50 mL of 10% K2
CO3
And extracted twice with 60 mL EtOAc. Combine the combined extracts with Na2
SO4
Dry and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 2.1 g (92%) 4‐[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperate as an off-white solid.
The piperidine intermediates presented in Table 3 were purchased from commercially available sources. 2-{4-[(4- Methylphenyl ) methyl ] Piper 𠯤 -1- base }-2- Ethyl oxyacetate
Ethyl chlorofluoroacetate (0.6 mL, 5.37 mmol) was added to CH at 0°C under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
(25 mL) in a solution of 1-(4-methylbenzyl)piperate (854 mg, 4.49 mmol) and TEA (0.94 mL, 6.7 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Dichloromethane (100 mL) was added and the mixture was washed with water, washed with Na2
SO4
Dry, filter, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain the product as a pale yellow oil (1.243 g, 95%).
The intermediates in Table 4 were prepared according to the synthesis instructions for intermediate 38. 2-{4-[(4- Methylphenyl ) methyl ] Piper 𠯤 -1- base }-2- Oxyacetic acid
A solution of NaOH (515 mg, 12.88 mmol, 1.2 molar equivalent) in water (5 mL) was added dropwise to 2-{4-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl in ethanol at 0°C ] Piper 𠯤-1-yl}-2-oxoacetate (3.098 g, 10.67 mmol) in solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hours and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in water (50 mL), extracted with diethyl ether, acidified with 12.9 mL of 1 M aqueous HCl solution and treated with CH2
Cl2
extraction. The aqueous layer was freeze-dried to obtain the title compound (3.546 g) as a white solid containing 1.2 molar equivalents of NaCl. This intermediate was used in the next step without further purification.
The intermediates in Table 5 were prepared according to the synthesis instructions for intermediate 48. 2- Pendant -2 ‐ (1 ‐ {[4 ‐ ( Trifluoromethyl ) Phenyl ] methyl } Piperidine -4- base ) Acetic acid
K2
CO3
(5.4 g, 39 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (7.0 g, 29.29 mmol, 1.5 mol equivalent) were added to DMF (60 mL) of 4-piperidone monohydrate hydrochloride (3.0 g, 19.5 mmol) in solution. The mixture was stirred overnight under this condition. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC-visually observed by iodine-o-tolidine), the mixture was poured onto water (80 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3x30 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (3x30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was eluted on silica gel with a mixture of cyclohexane-EtOAc (1:1) and chromatographed to yield 3.21 g of 1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}piper Pyridin-4-one.
A solution of ethyl isocyanoacetate (1.78 mL, 16.25 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added to NaH (in ore) in THF (100 mL) at 0 to 5 °C under argon atmosphere over 15 minutes. 60% in oil) (751 mg, 18.76 mmol, 1.5 molar equivalent) in a stirred suspension. The mixture was stirred under this condition for 40 minutes, and then 1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}piperidine-4 in THF (45 mL) was added dropwise at 0 to 5°C. -A solution of ketone (3.21 g, 12.5 mmol). Allow the temperature to warm to room temperature and stir the mixture overnight. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was poured onto water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2x80 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (2x30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo to yield 1.27 g 2-carboxamido-2-(1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}piperidin-4-yl) Ethyl acetate. It was used in the next step without further purification.
10% aqueous HCl (21 mL) was added to 2-carboxamido-2-(1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl) in EtOH (21 mL) at 0 to 5°C under argon atmosphere ) Phenyl] methyl} piperidin-4-yl) ethyl acetate (1.27 g, 3.43 mmol) in a stirred solution, and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), a solution (pH=12) of KOH (3.79 g, 67.7 mmol) dissolved in EtOH (28 mL) and water (10 mL) was added to the obtained mixture. After the hydrolysis was completed (monitored by TLC), the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 6 with the addition of 1 N HCl solution. The precipitated solid was removed by filtration and the mother liquor was concentrated in vacuo to yield 3.42 g (theoretical value 1.08 g) 2-oxo-2‐(1‐{[4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl }}Piperidin-4-yl)acetic acid and KCl. It was used in the next step without further purification.
The intermediates in Table 6 were prepared according to the intermediate 58 synthesis instructions.
In some amidation reactions (methods D, F, G), first aromatic amines are hydrolyzed and the corresponding esters are hydrolyzed to obtain [(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)aminecarboxamide]carboxylic acid. [(1- methyl -1 H- Indole -5- base ) Carbamoyl ] Formic acid
1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-amine (1.18 g, 8.07 mmol) and DIPEA (2.1 mL, 12.06 mmol) were dissolved in CH2
Cl2
(50 mL) and ethyl oxalyl chloride (0.98 mL, 8.77 mmol) was added dropwise to the resulting reaction mixture at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. NaHCO3
The saturated aqueous solution was treated and the organic phase was washed with water. Pass the organic phase through Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness to obtain [(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)aminecarboxamide] ethyl formate. Yield: 1.2 g (61%).
Will [(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)aminecarboxamide]ethyl formate (1.2 g, 4.87 mmol) in 2.1 molar equivalent aqueous LiOH.H in methanol (30 ml)2
The O solution (426 mg, 10.15 mmol in 6 mL water) was hydrolyzed. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 hours. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 3 with the addition of 1 M HCl solution (about 10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×40 mL). Pass the organic phase through Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. Yield: 1.5 g crude product [(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)aminecarboxamide]carboxylic acid.
The amide coupling reaction obtained in the example of Table 7 was carried out according to one of the following methods (A to H).
Method A: N -(1- methyl -1 H- Indole -5- base )-2-{4-[(4- Methylphenyl ) methyl ] Piper 𠯤 -1- base }-2- Pendant acetamide
500 mg of 2-{4-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]piperonyl-1-yl}-2-oxoacetic acid (1.906 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF under an argon atmosphere. 350 mg (2.287 mmol, 1.2 molar equivalents) of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt.H2
O) and 438 mg (2.287 mmol, 1.2 molar equivalent)N
-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N
'-Ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) was added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred under an argon atmosphere for 15 minutes. Then add 278 mg (1 molar equivalent) of 1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-amine and 386 mg (2 molar equivalent) TEA. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under an argon atmosphere for 24 hours. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3x20 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 71 mg (10%) of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 391.2.
Method B: N ‐ {3 ‐ fluorine ‐ 1 ‐ methyl ‐ 1 H ‐ Pyrrolo [2,3 ‐ b ] Pyridine -5- base } ‐ 2 ‐ {4 ‐ [(4 ‐ Methylphenyl ) methyl ] Piper 𠯤 ‐ 1- base } ‐ 2 ‐ Pendant acetamide
Dissolve 40 mg of 2-{4-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]piperonyl-1-yl}-2-oxoacetic acid (0.152 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1 mL) under argon atmosphere . Combine 22.4 mg (23 µL, 0.168 mmol, 1.1 molar equivalent) 1-chloro-N
,N
,2-trimethyl-1-propenamine (Gaussian reagent) was added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under an argon atmosphere for 30 minutes. Then add 23 mg (0.91 molar equivalent) of 3-fluoro-1-methyl-1 in DMF (0.5 mL)H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] A solution of pyridine-5-amine and TEA 22 µL (15.5 mg, 0.155 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under an argon atmosphere for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was poured onto water (8 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2x15 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was eluted on silica gel with EtOAc and chromatographed to yield 16 mg (47%) of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 410.2.
Method C: N ‐ [1 ‐ methyl ‐ 7 ‐ ( Trifluoromethyl ) ‐ 1 H ‐ Indole -5- base ] ‐ 2 ‐ {4 ‐ [(4 ‐ Methylphenyl ) methyl ]- Piper 𠯤 ‐ 1- base } ‐ 2 ‐ Pendant acetamide
Add oxalyl chloride (20 µL, 0.0236 mmol) and a drop of DMF to anhydrous CH at 0ºC under nitrogen atmosphere2
Cl2
(2 mL) in a solution of 20 mg (0.076 mmol) 2-{4-‐((4-methylphenyl)methyl]piper 𠯤‐1-yl}-2-pentoxyacetic acid. After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred at 5 to 10°C for 1 hour. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the solvent was removed in vacuo and anhydrous CH was evaporated from the residue several times2
Cl2
. Add drop by drop in CH2
Cl2
(1 mL) solution of 1-methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-amine (16 mg, 0.075 mmol), TEA (20 µL). The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with the addition of water (10 mL). The reaction mixture2
Cl2
(2x) Extraction, the combined organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel eluted with EtOAc-cyclohexane (1:1) to yield 8.0 mg (24%) of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 459.2.
Method D: N ‐ (1 ‐ methyl ‐ 1 H ‐ Indole -5- base ) ‐ 2- Pendant -2 ‐ (4 ‐ {[5 ‐ ( Trifluoromethyl ) Pyridine -2- base ] methyl } Piper 𠯤 ‐ 1- base ) Acetamide
Add HBTU (265 mg, 0.7 mmol) and TEA (540 µL, 5.5 molar equivalents) to anhydrous CH at room temperature under an argon atmosphere2
Cl2
153 mg (0.7 mmol) in (30 mL) ((1‐methyl‐1H
-Indol-5-yl)aminomethanyl] formic acid in solution. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes, followed by the addition of 1-{[5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}piperate (223 mg, 0.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was added with NaHCO3
The saturated solution (10 mL) was quenched, the organic layer was washed with water (10 mL), and then the organic phase was passed through anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. Place the residue on the silicone with CH2
Cl2
-MeOH (10:1) was purified by column chromatography to yield 60 mg (20%) of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 446.2.
Method E:2 ‐ {4 ‐ [(4 ‐ Methylphenyl ) methyl ] Piper 𠯤 ‐ 1- base } ‐ N ‐ ( Naphthalene -2- base ) ‐ 2 ‐ Pendant acetamide
Add HATU (260 mg, 0.68 mmol, 1.26 molar equivalents) and DIPEA (190 µL, 2 molar equivalents) to 2-{4-‐((4-methyl) in anhydrous DMF (2.5 mL) at room temperature Phenyl)methyl]piperonyl-1-yl}-2-pentoxyacetic acid (176 mg, 0.54 mmol) and naphthalene-2-amine (78 mg; 0.54 mmol) in suspension. The mixture was shaken at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was diluted with brine and extracted with EtOAc (3x20 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (3x20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 40% EtOAc in cyclohexane. Also the desired product from Et2
O crystallized to yield 108.0 mg (51%) of the title compound as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 398.2.
Method F:2 ‐ (4 ‐ Benzyl piperidine 𠯤 ‐ 1- base ) ‐ N ‐ (1 ‐ methyl ‐ 1 H ‐ Indole -5- base ) ‐ 2 ‐ Pendant acetamide
~50% propylphosphonic anhydride (T3
P) Solution (445 µL, 0.7 mmol) and DIPEA (250 µL, 2 molar equivalents) were added to anhydrous CH at room temperature under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
153 mg (0.7 mmol) in (15 mL) ((1‐methyl‐1H
-Indol-5-yl)aminomethanyl] formic acid in solution. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes, then 1-benzylpiperidine (122 µL, 0.7 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was2
Cl2
(10 mL) diluted to add NaHCO3
The saturated solution (10 mL) was quenched. The organic layer was washed with water (2x10 mL), and then the organic phase was passed through anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. Place the residue on the silicone with CH2
Cl2
-EtOH (98:2) was purified by column chromatography to give 43 mg (17%) of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 377.2.
Method G: N -(1- methyl -1 H- Indole -5- base )-2-{3-[(4- Methylphenoxy ) methyl ] Acridine -1- base }-2- Pendant acetamide
Add 224 µL (1.6 mmol) TEA to 141 mg (0.8 mmol) 3-[(4-methylphenoxy)methyl] acridine in anhydrous DMF (3 mL) at room temperature under argon atmosphere, 174 mg (0.8 mmol)[(1‐methyl‐1H
-Indol-5-yl)aminecarboxamide] formic acid and 108 mg (0.8 mmol) 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt.H2
O) and 154 mg (0.8 mmol)N
-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N
'-Ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) in solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for two days. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was2
Cl2
And diluted with water. After separating the layers, the organic phase2
Cl2
Wash twice, and the combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with cyclohexane-EtOAc (7:3) elution to yield 92 mg of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 378.1.
Method H: N -{1- methyl -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- base }-2- Pendant -2-(1-{[4-( Trifluoromethyl ) Phenyl ] methyl } Piperidine -4- base ) Acetamide
~50% propylphosphonic anhydride (T3
P) Solution (370 µL, 0.63 mmol) and DIPEA (452 µL, 4 molar equivalents) were added to 200 mg (0.63 mmol) 2-oxo in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) at room temperature under argon atmosphere. -2-(1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl}piperidin-4-yl)acetic acid in solution. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes, then 1-methyl-1 was addedH
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-amine (93 mg, 0.63 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The next day, an additional 226 µL (0.38 mmol) T3
The P solution (~50% in DMF) was added to the mixture and stirring was continued for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with cyclohexane-acetone (2:1) leaching to yield 40 mg of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 445.2.
The examples described in Table 7 were prepared using the corresponding amide coupling method (Methods A to H). 3-[(4- Methylphenoxy ) methyl ] Acridine
Dissolve 3-(hydroxymethyl) azepine-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (2.88 g, 15.4 mmol) and TEA (4,23 mL, 30.3 mmol) in CH at room temperature2
Cl2
(130 mL). Methanesulfonyl chloride (2.0 mL, 30 mmol) was added dropwise to the solution, followed by stirring at the same temperature for 2.5 hours, and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc, and the solution was taken with NaHCO3
Saturated aqueous solution and brine cleaning, after anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain tertiary butyl 3-[(methanesulfonyloxy)methyl]azepine-1-carboxylate (4.0 g) as a yellow liquid without further purification It is used in the next step.
3-((Methanesulfonyloxy)methyl] acryl-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (3.8 g, 14 mmol), p-cresol (1.95 g, 18 mmol), Cs2
CO3
A mixture of (9.85 g, 30.2 mmol) and DMF (100 mL) was stirred at 110°C overnight. The inorganic solid material was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Dissolve the residue in CH2
Cl2
In, wash with water, 2 M aqueous NaOH solution and brine successively. Pass the organic phase over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate. Column chromatography on silica gel (eluting agent: CH2
Cl2
-MeOH (98:2)) was purified to obtain 3-[(4-methylphenoxy)methyl] acridine-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (2.3 g, 58%) as a pale yellow oil .
Add trifluoroacetic acid (24 mL, 313 mmol) to CH cooled to 0°C in an ice water bath2
Cl2
(50 mL) in a solution of 3-[(4-methylphenoxy)methyl]azepine-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (2.3 g, 8.3 mmol), and keep the solution at this temperature Stir for 1 hour. The solvent was removed at 40°C under reduced pressure. Ice water was added to the residue and the pH of the mixture was added to NaHCO3
The saturated solution is adjusted to 9. Change the mixture to CH2
Cl2
Extraction, the combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry and filter. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 3-[(4-methylphenoxy)methyl] acridine (1.37 g, 7.7 mmol, 93%).
The intermediates in Table 8 were prepared according to the synthesis instructions for intermediate 62. 3-[(4- Methylphenyl ) Methoxy ] Acridine
NaH (280 mg, 60% in oil, 12 mmol) was added to tertiary butyl 3-hydroxyacryl-1-carboxylate in DMF (10 mL) at 0°C under argon atmosphere with vigorous stirring. (Available on the market) (1.0 g, 6 mmol) in solution. The solution was stirred for 30 minutes, then 4-methylbenzyl bromide (1.22 g, 6.6 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (2 mL) at 0 °C, followed by addition of NH4
The saturated solution of Cl (40 mL) was quenched. Et the mixture2
O (2x75 mL) extraction. The organic layers were combined, washed with water (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter, and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 1.38 g of 3-((4-methylphenyl)methoxy] acryl-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester as an oil, which was used without any purification In the next step.
TFA (18 mL, 3 mmol) was added to anhydrous CH at 0 to 2 °C under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
(18 mL) in a solution of 3-((4-methylphenyl)methoxy] acryl-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (1012 mg, 4.03 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred under this condition for 30 minutes, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Dissolve the residue in CH2
Cl2
(20 mL), the pH was adjusted to 10 with the addition of 1 N NaOH solution (under cooling). CH22
Cl2
(3x20 mL) extraction, the combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 660 mg of the title compound as a yellow oil. The crude product was used in the next step without any purification. 2-[( Acridine -3- Oxy ) methyl ]-5-( Trifluoromethyl ) Pyridine
2-[(Acrid-3-yloxy)methyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine was prepared according to the synthesis instructions of intermediate 89. N -( Acridine -3- base )-4- Methylbenzamide
Para-toluene chloride (539 mg, 3.48 mmol) was added dropwise to CH at 0°C under argon atmosphere with vigorous stirring2
Cl2
(50 mL) in a solution of 3-amino acryl-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (commercially available) (0.5 g, 2.9 mmol) and TEA (1.0 mL, 2.5 molar equivalent). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was washed with water (2x20 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. Column chromatography on silica gel (eluting agent: CH2
Cl2
-MeOH (98:2)) was purified to obtain 3-(4-methylbenzylamino) acryl-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (0.65 g, 77%).
TFA (3.4 mL, 44.4 mmol) was added to anhydrous CH at 0 to 2 °C under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
(35 mL) in a solution of 3-(4-methylbenzylamino) acryl-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (650 mg, 2.24 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred under this condition for 30 minutes, and then overnight at room temperature. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Dissolve the residue in CH2
Cl2
(50 mL), the pH was adjusted to 10 with the addition of 25% aqueous ammonia solution (under cooling). After phase separation, the aqueous phase2
Cl2
(3x20 mL) extraction, the combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 360 mg of the title compound. The crude product was used in the next step without any purification. N -[(4- Methylphenyl ) methyl ] Acridine -3- amine
P-tolualdehyde (0.35 mL, 2.9 mmol) was added to tertiary butyl 3-aminoacryl-1-carboxylate in methanol (30 mL) at room temperature under argon atmosphere with vigorous stirring for two hours ( 0.5 g, 2.9 mmol). Then add NaBH3
CN (360 mg, 5.73 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 24 hours. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), cold water was added to the mixture, and the pH was adjusted to 1 with the addition of concentrated HCl (under cooling). Methanol was removed in vacuo, and the aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL) to remove impurities, then CH was added2
Cl2
(20 mL), and the pH was adjusted to 9 with the addition of 25% aqueous ammonia solution (under cooling). After phase separation, the aqueous phase2
Cl2
(3x20 mL) extraction, the combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter, and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 730 mg of 3-{[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]amino}acryl-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester. It was used in the next step without any purification.
TFA (2.4 mL, 31.4 mmol) was added to anhydrous CH at 0 to 2°C under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
(20 mL) in a solution of 3-{[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]amino}acryl-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (0.73 mg, 1.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred under this condition for 30 minutes, and then overnight at room temperature. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Dissolve the residue in CH2
Cl2
(50 mL), the pH was adjusted to 10 with the addition of 25% aqueous ammonia solution (under cooling). After phase separation, the aqueous phase2
Cl2
(3x20 mL) extraction, the combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 250 mg of the title compound. Crude productN
-(Acridine-3-yl)-4-methylbenzylamide was used in the next step without any purification.
The intermediates with ethyl linkers are presented in Table 9.
Intermediate 93 is available on the market.
Intermediates 94 and 95 can be synthesized based on the following literature: Palkowitz, M.D.Org. Lett. 19
(2017) pp 2270-2273.
Table 10 summarizes the aminomethyl indole derivatives available on the market.
The aminomethylindole and acrindole derivatives that are not commercially available and their synthesis methods are described below. (1 R )-1-(1- methyl -1 H- Indole -5- base ) B amine
willN
-Bromo-1-methyl-1 in -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (90 mL)H
-A solution of indole (5.0 g, 23.80 mmol) was purged with nitrogen for 15 minutes. Add K3
PO4
(10.11 g, 47.60 mmol), tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl) tin (8.05 mL, 23.82 mmol) and palladium (0) (triphenylphosphine) (1.38 g, 1.19 mmol), and the mixture Stir at 80 to 90°C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 7.5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase and 5% hydrochloric acid solution were vigorously stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7 to 8 with the addition of 25% aqueous ammonia solution and extracted with EtOAc. Wash the organic phase with water2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. The residue was purified on silica gel by column chromatography using a mixture of EtOAc and cyclohexane (1:5 to 1:3) as the eluent to give 1-(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)ethanone. Yield: 1.17 g (28%).
Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (0.60 mL, 2.027 mmol) was added to 1-(1-methyl-1 in DMF (2 mL)H
-Indol-5-yl)ethanone (150 mg, 0.866 mmol) and (S
)-2-methyl-propane-2-sulfinamide (210 mg, 1.733 mmol) in a mixture. The reaction mixture was heated in a microwave reactor at 100°C/60 W for 2 hours. This reaction was repeated 5 times, and the reaction mixture was combined and diluted with EtOAc (140 mL), quenched with water (60 mL) and filtered through a plug of celite. The diatomaceous earth was washed with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were washed with water and brine and washed with Na2
SO4
dry. After evaporation, the residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (95:5 to 4:1 CH2
Cl2
-EtOAc) to obtain 2-methyl-N
-[(1E
)-1-(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)ethylene]propane-2-sulfenamide. Yield: 371 mg (34%).
willL
-Selectride (1M in THF, 0.85 mL, 0.85 mmol) was added to 2-methyl- in THF (7 mL) at room temperature under an inert atmosphereN
-[(1E
)-1-(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)ethylene]propane-2-sulfonamide (38 mg, 0.1375 mmol) in solution. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour and then it was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified on silica gel by column chromatography using EtOAc-cyclohexane (1:1) as the eluent to give 2-methyl-N
-[(1R
)-1-(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)ethyl]propane-2-sulfenamide. Yield: 53 mg (38 mg of theoretical weight, 100%) single diastereomer. Store the material refrigerated until the next step. The absolute configuration has not been determined and a similar synthesis route as described in US 2012/0252853 A1 (SAMS ANETTE GRAVEN, LUNDBECK & CO AS H) is used.
HCl (2 M in diethyl ether, 0.4 mL, 0.8 mmol) was added to 2-methyl- in diethyl ether (10 mL)N
-[(1R
)-1-(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)ethyl]propane-2-sulfonamide (38 mg, 0.1365 mmol) in solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give the title compound as a HCl salt (29 mg theoretical weight). This material was used without further purification. 1-(2- chlorine -1 H- Indole -5- base ) Methylamine
Bromine (42.5 g; 13.5 mL, 275 mmol) was added dropwise (20 minutes) at 25°C to 1% of tertiary butanol (250 mL)H
-In a stirred solution of indole-5-carbonitrile (7.10 g; 50 mmol, Combi-Blocks) and stirred for 1.5 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This residue was diluted with EtOAc (400 mL) and water (75 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed with water (2x100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure. The crude residue was stirred with diisopropyl ether (100 mL) for 30 minutes. The precipitated crystals were filtered off, washed with diisopropyl ether and dried to yield 12.89 g (81%) 3,3-dibromo-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 as a reddish brown solidH
-Indole-5-carbonitrile.
Zn powder (16.3 g; 250 mmol) was added in batches (about 2 g each time) to 3,3-dibromo-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 in AcOH (270 mL)H
-In suspension of indole-5-carbonitrile (12.89 g; 40.8 mmol). The temperature of the mixture was not allowed to increase above 35°C and stirred at 30°C for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This residue was suspended in EtOAc (300 mL), filtered off, the solid was stirred with EtOAc (150 mL), and then filtered off. The combined organic layer was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was stirred with 1 N HCl solution (100 mL) for 1 hour, filtered off, washed with water (2x5 mL) and dried to yield 3.86 g (60%) 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro -1H
-Indole-5-carbonitrile.
POCl3
(11.5 g, 6.95 mL; 74.79 mmol) was added to 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 in DCE (23 mL) at 0°CH
-In a stirred suspension of indole-5-carbonitrile (5.8 g; 36.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed at 90°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction was cooled, imidazole (2.75 g, 44.55 mmol) was added and heated at 90°C for another 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in EtOAc (110 mL) and treated with NaHCO3
Saturated solution (30 mL), brine (50 mL), washed with anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The product was purified by column chromatography with THF-n-hexane (9:1) elution on silica gel to yield 4.58 g (70%) 2-chloro-1 as a yellow solidH
-Indole-5-carbonitrile.
LiAlH4
(1 M in THF; 45 mL; 45 mol) Add 2-chloro-1 in anhydrous THF (23 mL) at 0 °C under nitrogen atmosphereH
-In a stirred solution of indole-5-carbonitrile (4.48 g; 25.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed at 65°C for 2 hours. TLC showed product formation. The reaction mixture was quenched with EtOAc (20 mL) at 0 °C and Na was added dropwise2
SO4
Saturated aqueous solution (15 mL). The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and washed thoroughly with EtOAc (100 mL). The filtrate was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The crude product was crystallized from EtOAc (50 mL) and purified to obtain 3.9 g (85%) of the title compound as an off-white solid. (2- chlorine -1- methyl -1 H- Indole -5- base ) Methylamine
(2-chloro-1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)methylamine was prepared according to the synthesis instructions of its unmethylated derivative, intermediate 104. (3- chlorine -1- methyl -1 H- Indole -5- base ) Methylamine
CH2
Cl2
(10 mL) Di-tertiary butyl dicarbonate (Boc2
O) (1.74 g; 7.97 mmol) solution was added to CH at 0°C under nitrogen atmosphere2
Cl2
(1-methyl-1 in (40 mL)H
-Indol-5-yl)methylamine (640 mg; 3.995 mmol) and DIPEA (1.03 g; 1.39 mL, 7.98 mmol) in a stirred solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture2
Cl2
(20 mL) diluted and washed with water (50 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography to give 786 mg (76%)N
-[(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester.
willN
-Chlorosuccinimide (82 mg; 0.61 mmol) was added to CH at 0°C under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
(4 mL)N
-[(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester (160 mg; 0.615 mmol) in a stirred solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours. The reaction mixture2
Cl2
(20 mL) diluted and washed with water (20 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography to give 145 mg (80%)N
-[(3-chloro-1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester.
TFA (300 mg; 0.2 mL, 3 mmol) was added to anhydrous CH at 0 to 2°C under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
(3 mL)N
-[(3-chloro-1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester (72 mg, 0.244 mmol) in solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Dissolve the residue in CH2
Cl2
(20 mL), adjust the pH to 10 with the addition of 1N NaOH solution (under cooling), and adjust the aqueous phase to CH2
Cl2
(3x15 mL) extraction, the organic phase was passed through anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. Place the crude product on the silicone rubber with CH2
Cl2
The 10% MeOH in the solution was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 49 mg of the title compound as a yellow solid. (3- chlorine -1 H- Indole -5- base ) Methylamine
willN
-Chlorosuccinimide (2.01 g, 15.05 mmol) was added to CH in batches at 0°C2
Cl2
(60 mL) 1H
-A solution of indole-5-carbonitrile (2.10 g, 14.8 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The precipitate formed was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Purify the residue on silica gel by column chromatography with a 1 to 4 mixture of EtOAc and cyclohexane to obtain 3-chloro-1H
-Indole-5-carbonitrile (0.77 g, 30%).
Put 4 mL of 1 M BH in THF3
The solution was added dropwise to 3-chloro-1 in diethyl ether (3 mL) at 0°CH
-A suspension of indole-5-carbonitrile (176 mg, 1 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with methanol (5 mL) added dropwise at 0 °C and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, which was used from CH2
Cl2
Via CH2
Cl2
-Methanol mixture (9:1) gradually changed to CH2
Cl2
-Eluent for a mixture of methanol-25% aqueous ammonia (89:10:1). Yield: 120 mg (67%), yellow oil. (3- fluorine -1- methyl -1 H- Indole -5- base ) Methylamine
NaH (840 mg, 60% in oil, 21 mmol) was added to DMF (16 mL) at 0°C under argon atmosphere with vigorous stirringH
-In solution of indole-5-carbonitrile (2.09 g, 14.7 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 minutes, then iodomethane (9.12 g, 4 mL, 63 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3x120 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with water (2x50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo, and evaporate anhydrous toluene from the residue to obtain 2.3 g 1-methyl-1 as an off-white solidH
-Indole-5-carbonitrile, which was used in the next step without any purification.
Add PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate, 7.6 g, 35.2 mmol) to 1-methyl-1 in acetonitrile (40 mL)H
-A solution of indole-5-carbonitrile (1.38 g, 8.83 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed for 7 hours. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in H2
Between O and EtOAc. The insoluble part was filtered out, the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate the solvent to dryness. Place the crude residue on the silicone rubber with CH2
Cl2
Flash chromatography by leaching to obtain 760 mg of 1-methyl-2,3-di- pendant-2,3-dihydro-1 as an orange solidH
-Indole-5-carbonitrile.
1-methyl-2,3-bi- pendant-2,3-dihydro-1H
-Indole-5-carbonitrile (502 mg, 2.7 mmol) was added to bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride (Deoxofluor, 50% in toluene, 5 mL, under argon atmosphere) 10 mmol) solution, then 0.025 mL of absolute EtOH was added and the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 1 hour.
The reaction was quenched with MeOH (1 mL) and CH2
Cl2
(100 mL) diluted, then poured the mixture over cold Na2
SO4
Saturated solution, and the product2
Cl2
extraction. The extract was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate the solvent to dryness. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with a gradient of 0 to 20% EtOAc/hexane to give 3,3-difluoro-1-methyl-2-oxo as a yellow solid Yl-2,3-dihydro-1H
-Indole-5-carbonitrile (322 mg).
BH3
.THF (1 M in THF) (7.5 mL, 7.5 mmol) was added to 3,3-difluoro-1-methyl-2- in anhydrous THF (10 mL) at 0 to 2°C under argon atmosphere Pendant-2,3-dihydro-1H
-In solution of indole-5-carbonitrile (510 mg, 2.45 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), MeOH (10 mL) was added under cooling and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL), NaHCO3
Saturated solution (25 mL) was washed, followed by brine (25 mL), washed with anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. Place the crude product on the silicone rubber with CH2
Cl2
The 10% MeOH in the solution was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 70 mg of the title compound as a pale yellow solid. (3- fluorine -1 H- Indole -5- base ) Methylamine
(3-fluoro-1H
-Indol-5-yl)methylamine was prepared according to the synthesis instructions for its N-methylated derivative, intermediate 108. 5-( Aminomethyl )-1- methyl -1 H- Indole -3- Nitrile
5-(aminomethyl)-1-methyl-1H
-Indole-3-carbonitrile is prepared according to the following synthetic scheme:
CH2
Cl2
A solution of di-tertiary butyl dicarbonate (4.26 g, 19.5 mmol) in (24 mL) was added dropwise to CH at 0°C under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
(1-methyl-1 in (100 mL)H
-Indol-5-yl)methylamine (1.642 g, 10.2 mmol) and DIPEA (2.52 mL, 14.5 mmol) in solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, quenched with water (100 mL) and quenched with CH2
Cl2
extraction. Wash the organic layer with water2
SO4
Dry, filter and evaporate to dryness in vacuo. Recrystallize the residue from hexane to obtain [(1-methyl-1H
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester (1.58 g, 60%).
Phosphorus oxychloride (0.31 mL, 4 mmol) was added dropwise to DMF (1.5 mL, 19 mmol) at -5°C (acetone-dry ice bath) and the mixture was at 0°C (ice-water bath) under argon atmosphere Stir for 1.5 hours. The Vilsmeyer reagent obtained in this way was added dropwise to [(1-methyl-1 in THF (5 mL) via a syringe at -7°C under an argon atmosphereH
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester (780 mg, 3 mmol) in solution, and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for another hour. EtOAc (10 mL) was added dropwise and then 3 M sodium acetate solution (4.5 mL) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for another 2.5 hours. Water (30 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried to yield [(3-methylacet-1--1-methyl-1 as a pink solidH
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester (568 mg, 66%).
willN,N
-((3-Methyl-1-methyl-1 in dimethylformamide (3 mL)H
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester (288 mg, 1 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (83 mg, 1.2 mmol) and pyridine (0.1 mL, 1.25 mmol) at 60°C Stir under an argon atmosphere for 45 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then to 0°C, and carbonyldiimidazole (811 mg, 5 mmol) was added in portions. The mixture was stirred at 60°C under an argon atmosphere for 30 minutes, then TEA (0.28 mL, 2 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for another 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C, quenched with carefully added water and extracted with EtOAc, Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and evaporate in vacuo. Place the residue on the silicone with CH2
Cl2
Column chromatography as the eluent was purified to produce [(3-cyano-1-methyl-1 as white crystalsH
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester (141 mg, 50%).
TFA (0.46 mL, 6 mmol) was added dropwise to CH at 0 °C2
Cl2
((3-cyano-1-methyl-1 in (4 mL)H
-Indol-5-yl)methyl]carbamic acid tertiary butyl ester (133 mg, 0.47 mmol) in solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, water was added and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 10 with the addition of 2 M NaOH solution (0.6 mL) at 0°C. Change the mixture to CH2
Cl2
Extraction by Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and evaporate in vacuo to give the title compound (82 mg, 95%) as white crystals. {1- methyl -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- base } Methylamine
Compound 5-Bromo-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine is available on the market from Combi Blocks (catalog number: IN-0206), and the desired azindole-amine is prepared in the sequence of steps exemplified above.
Step 1: 1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridine-5-carbonitrile
The intermediate system was prepared as described in EP 1782811 A1 (EISAI R&D MAN CO LTD).
Step 2: 1-Methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridine-5-carbonitrile
The intermediate is prepared as described in WO 2009/155017 A2 (MERCK & CO INC).
Step 3: {1-Methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridin-5-yl}methylamine
The intermediate was prepared as described in WO 2012/042915 A1 (RAQUALIA PHARMA INC). {1,2- Dimethyl -1H- Pyrrolo [2,3-b] Pyridine -5- base } Methylamine
TFA (574 mg, 386 µL, 1.2 molar equivalents) was added to a solution of 2-amino-5-cyanopyridine (500 mg, 4.2 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). Add at room temperatureN
-Iodosuccinimide (1.04 g, 4.62 mmol, 1.1 molar equivalents) and the reaction mixture was heated at 50 °C for 3 hours. Complete conversion was shown by TLC. After the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, the product was precipitated by adding the reaction mixture to water. In Na2
S2
O3
After neutralization with 1 N NaOH, 6-amino-5-iodopyridine-3-carbonitrile (660 mg) was collected as a brown solid by filtration. It was used in the next step without any purification.
Propyne solution (3 to 4% in THF; 13.2 mL) was added to 6-amino-5-iodopyridine-3-carbonitrile in absolute THF (18 mL) via a septum at 0 to 5°C ( Degassing of 329 mg, 1.34 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine) dichloropalladium(0) (95 mg, 0.134 mmol), CuI (128 mg, 0.671 mmol) and TEA (976 mg, 1.34 mL, 9.64 mmol) In the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 0 to 5°C for 30 minutes, followed by another 18 hours at room temperature. Will react to add NH4
The Cl solution is quenched. Remove solids by filtration and filter cake with CH2
Cl2
Clean. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 40% EtOAc in cyclohexane to obtain 150 mg of 6-amino-5-(prop-1-yn-1-yl) as a yellow solid )Pyridine-3-carbonitrile (71%).
KOt
Bu (428 mg, 3.82 mmol, 2 molar equivalents) was added to 6-amino-5-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile (300 mg, 1.91 mmol) solution. The reaction mixture was heated at 90°C for 5.5 hours. Complete conversion was shown by TLC. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured on water and charged with CH2
Cl2
extraction. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 2-methyl-1 as a yellow solidH
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile 279 mg (93%). It was used in the next step without any purification.
NaH (60% in mineral oil) (92 mg, 2.31 mmol, 1.3 molar equivalent) was added to 2-methyl-1 in DMF (7.5 mL) at 0°CH
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (279 mg, 1.78 mmol) in solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 minutes, and then methyl iodide (380 mg, 167 µL) in DMF (1.5 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Complete conversion was shown by TLC. Pour the mixture on water and take CH2
Cl2
(3x20 mL) extraction. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 1,2-dimethyl-1 as a yellow solidH
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (298 mg, 98%). It was used in the next step without any purification.
Raney-Ni (200 mg) was added to 1,2-dimethyl-1 in a mixture of MeOH (100 mL) and 25% ammonia solution (25 mL) in waterH
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (297 mg, 1.73 mmol) in solution, and the mixture in 1 atm of H2
It was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 226 mg (74%) of the title compound as a yellow solid. {2- methyl -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- base } Methylamine
KIO3
(1.85, 8.64 mmol) added in batches to aqueous 2 M H2
SO4
(30 mL) in a solution of 5-bromopyridin-2-amine (3.0 g, 17.34 mmol). The mixture was heated to 100 °C and a solution of KI (1.59 g, 9.57 mmol) in water (3 mL) was added dropwise over 1.5 hours. After the solution was stirred at this temperature for another 30 minutes, it was cooled, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 8 with the addition of 6 M aqueous NaOH solution and extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organic phase with 5% Na2
S2
O3
Solution, water and brine cleaning, after Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. The residue was separated by chromatography (silica gel, cyclohexane/EtOAc, 67/33) to give 2.61 g (50.4%) 5-bromo-3-iodopyridin-2-amine as a yellow solid.
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 5-bromo-3-iodopyridin-2-amine (500 mg, 1.67 mmol) was dissolved in THF (27 mL) in a pressure flask. CuI (159 mg, 0.836 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) dichloride (117 mg, 0.167 mmol), propyne (about 3 to 4% in heptane, 16.4 mL, 8.36 mmol) ) And TEA (1.67 mL, 12 mmol) were added to the mixture. The flask was closed and the mixture was stirred overnight. The mixture was saturated with NH4
Cl treatment, filtering through diatomaceous earth, CH2
Cl2
(2x) Extraction. Combine the combined organic layers with Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, cyclohexane-EtOAc (70:30)) to give 323 mg (92%) 5-bromo-3-(prop-1-yn-1-yl) as a yellow solid )Pyridin-2-amine.
KOt
Bu (686 mg, 6.11 mmol) was added to a solution of 5-bromo-3-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-amine (645 mg, 3.06 mmol) in DMF (27 mL), And the mixture was heated at 90°C for 3 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and ice, and the product was diluted with CH2
Cl2
(3x) Extraction. Combine the combined organic layers with Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. Separate the residue by chromatography (silica gel, CH2
Cl2
-Methanol-NH4
OH (25% aqueous) (99:1:0.1)) to give 504 mg (78%) 5-bromo-2-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine.
Under an inert atmosphere, convert 5-bromo-2-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridine (450 mg, 2.13 mmol), Zn(CN)2
(376 mg, 3.2 mmol) and (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (246 mg, 0.213 mmol) were dissolved in 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (18 mL) and heated at 150 °C overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and the product was extracted with EtOAc (2x). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, washed with Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. The residue was separated by chromatography (silica gel, cyclohexane-EtOAc, (6:4)) to give 159 mg (47%) 2-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile.
Add Reis-Ni (50% slurry in water, 0.20 mL) to methanol (32 mL) and 25% aqueous NH4
2-Methyl-1 in a mixture of OH solution (8 mL)H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (88 mg, 0.56 mmol) in solution and hydrogenated overnight using hydrogen balloon at room temperature. The reaction was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated. Dissolve the crude product in methanol and NH4
In the OH solution, it was filtered through silica gel (2 g) and evaporated to give 86 mg (96%) of the title compound as a yellow oil. {1,3- Dimethyl -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- base } Methylamine
5-bromo-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine (1 g, 5.075 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (8 mL) and cooled to 0 °C. Then NaH (300 mg, 7.51 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. After the mixture was cooled to 0°C, benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.78 mL, 6.09 mmol) was added dropwise and allowed to warm to room temperature. After a reaction time of 2 hours, the mixture was saturated with NH4
Cl treatment to CH2
Cl2
(2x) Extraction. The combined organic layer was washed with water (2x) and brine, washed with Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness to give 1.71 g (100%) 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-5-bromo-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine.
Under an inert atmosphere, convert 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-5-bromo-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridine (816 mg, 2.42 mmol), Zn(CN)2
(426 mg, 3.63 mmol) and tris(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (280 mg, 0.242 mmol) were dissolved in 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (21 mL) and heated at 110°C for 9 hours . After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and the product was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, washed with Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, cyclohexane-EtOAc (7:3)) to give 529 mg (77%) 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile.
Add bromine (191 µL, 3.73 mmol) to 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-1 in DMF (8 mL) slowly at 0°CH
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (528 mg, 1.86 mmol) in a cooled solution. The suspension was then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. Adjust the pH of the mixture to 9 with the addition of 2 M aqueous NaOH solution and use CH2
Cl2
extraction. NaHCO3
Saturated solution, 5% Na2
S2
O3
Solution and brine cleaning, after Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness to give 447 mg (66%) 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-3-bromo-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile.
Under an inert atmosphere, convert 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-3-bromo-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (447 mg, 1.23 mmol) was dissolved in THF (25 mL), palladium(0) (428 mg, 0.37 mmol) was added, followed by dropwise addition of trimethylaluminum The solution (2.0 M in toluene, 2.47 mL, 4.94 mmol) and then the mixture was heated to reflux for 7 hours. After repeated additions of triphenylphosphine palladium (0) (143 mg, 0.123 mmol) and trimethylaluminum solution (2.0 M in toluene, 1.23 mL, 2.47 mmol), the mixture was heated to reflux for another 4 hours. After cooling, the reaction was slowly added with NaHCO3
The saturated solution was quenched and the product was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, washed with Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness. The residue was separated by chromatography (silica gel, cyclohexane-EtOAc (8:2)) to give 158 mg (43%) 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile.
Add 6 M aqueous NaOH solution (1.73 mL, 10.4 mmol) to 1-(benzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl-1 in methanol (17 mL)H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (247 mg, 0.83 mmol) in solution, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled and the solvent was evaporated. The pH of the residue was adjusted to 7 with the addition of water and 10% citric acid solution. After stirring for 30 minutes, the solid was filtered off and washed with water. The crude product was dried in a vacuum oven at 50°C and separated by chromatography (silica gel, cyclohexane-EtOAc (8:2)) to give 94 mg (72%) 3-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile.
3-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (93 mg, 0.59 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (2.5 mL) and cooled to 0 °C. Then NaH (31 mg, 0.77 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 minutes. Methyl iodide (56 µL, 0.9 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added dropwise, then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. Add water slowly to the mixture and take CH2
Cl2
(3x) Extraction. Combine the combined organic layers with Na2
SO4
Dry and evaporate to dryness to give 100 mg (99%) 1,3-dimethyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile.
Add Reis-Ni (0.21 mL, 50% slurry in water) to 1,3-dimethyl-1 in methanol (34 mL) and 25% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (8.5 mL)H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (100 mg, 0.584 mmol) in solution and hydrogenated using a hydrogen balloon at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated. The crude product was dissolved in methanol and ammonium hydroxide solution, filtered through silica gel (2 g) and evaporated to give 92 mg (90%) of the title compound as a yellow oil. {3- chlorine -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- base } Methylamine
{3-chloro-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-yl}methylamine was prepared as described in WO 2016/ 083816 A1 (SMITH ALUN JOHN). {3- chlorine -1- methyl -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- base } Methylamine
Step 1: 1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridine-5-carbonitrile
The intermediate system was prepared as described in EP 1782811 A1 (EISAI R&D MAN CO LTD).
Step 2: 1-Methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridine-5-carbonitrile
The intermediate is prepared as described in WO 2009/155017 A2 (MERCK & CO INC).
Step 3: 3-chloro-1-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridine-5-carbonitrile
willN
-Chlorosuccinimide (502 mg, 3.76 mmol) was added to 1-methyl-1 in DMF (14 mL) at room temperature under argon atmosphere with vigorous stirringH
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile (600 mg, 3.69 mmol) in solution. The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was concentrated in vacuo (anhydrous toluene was evaporated from the residue several times). The residue was dissolved in a mixture of diethyl ether-EtOAc (1:1, 40 mL) and washed with water (3x15 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo to obtain 670 mg 3-chloro-1-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile, which was used in the next step without any purification.
Step 4: {3-chloro-1-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridin-5-yl}methylamine
The intermediate was prepared as described in WO 2012/042915 A1 (RAQUALIA PHARMA INC). {3- bromine -1- methyl -1 H- Pyrrolo [2,3- b ] Pyridine -5- base } Methylamine
Steps 1 to 2:
{3-chloro-1-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridine-5-yl}methylamine is prepared by the sequence of steps exemplified. The method is the same as that described in EP1782811 A1 (EISAI R&D MAN CO LTD) and WO2009/155017 A2 (MERCK & CO INC).
Step 3:
willN
-Bromosuccinimide (446 mg, 2.51 mmol) was added to CH at room temperature under argon atmosphere with vigorous stirring2
Cl2
(6.5 mL) 1-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] A solution of pyridine-5-carbonitrile (358 mg, 2.28 mmol). The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was charged with CH2
Cl2
(25 mL) diluted and washed with water (3x20 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo to give 670 mg 3-bromo-1-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
] Pyridine-5-carbonitrile, which was used in the next step without any purification.
Step 4: {3-Bromo-1-methyl-1H
-Pyrrolo[2,3-b
]Pyridin-5-yl}methylamine
The intermediate was prepared as described in WO 2012/042915 A1 (RAQUALIA PHARMA INC). N -[(1- methyl -1 H- Indole -5- base ) methyl ]-3-{[4-( Trifluoromethyl ) Phenoxy ] methyl } Acridine -1- Formamide
CH2
Cl2
(3 mL) DIPEA (155 mg, 208 µL, 1.2 mmol) and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (121 mg, 0.6 mmol) were added to CH at 0°C under argon atmosphere2
Cl2
(2-methyl-1 in (6 mL)H
-Indol-5-yl)methylamine (96 mg, 0.6 mmol) in solution. The mixture was stirred under this condition for 1.5 hours. After the activation period, add dropwise in CH2
Cl2
3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}azepine (138 mg, 0.6 mmol, intermediate 66) in (3 mL), allow the mixture to warm to room temperature, and here Stir overnight at temperature. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with a mixture of cyclohexane and EtOAc, and the resulting product was further purified on preparative TLC to yield 64 mg (26%) of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 418.3.
The examples in Table 11 were prepared according to the above method of Example 38.
Examples of synthesis via different paths: N -[(2- Cyano -1 H- Indole -5- base ) methyl ]-3-{[4-( Trifluoromethyl ) Phenoxy ] methyl } Acridine -1- Formamide
CH2
Cl2
Hydroxymethyl-1H
-Indole (2.73 g, 18.55 mmol), 3,4-dihydro-2H
-A solution of pyran (2.6 mL, 28.5 mmol) and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (470 mg, 1.87 mmol) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Add another 3,4-dihydro-2H
-Pyran (0.8 mL, 8.8 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for another 2 hours. Add water and adjust the pH of the mixture to add NaHCO3
The saturated solution is adjusted to 8. Change the mixture to CH2
Cl2
Extraction, the combined organic layer was subjected to Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate. Column chromatography on silica gel (eluting agent: CH2
Cl2
-EtOAc (98:2)) purification to give 5-[(tetrahydro-2 as a pale yellow oilH
-Pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-1H
-Indole (2.47 g, 58%).
Di-tertiary butyl dicarbonate (1.12 g, 51.3 mmol) was added to CH under an inert atmosphere2
Cl2
5-((Tetrahydro-2 in (65 mL)H
-Pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-1H
-A solution of indole (1.00 g, 4.3 mmol), TEA (0.60 mL, 4.3 mmol) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (51 mg, 0.4 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hour. Dichloromethane was added, and the mixture was extracted with brine, washed with Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and evaporate to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on silica gel by column chromatography (gradient elution: cyclohexane to cyclohexane-EtOAc=95:5) to obtain 5-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyridine as a pale yellow oil Fur-2-yloxy)methyl]-1H
-Indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (1.08 g, 75%).
Tertiary butyllithium (1.7 M solution in pentane, 0.88 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added dropwise to 5% in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) between -78 °C and -65 °C under argon atmosphere -[(Tetrahydro-2H
-Pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-1H
-A solution of indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (331 mg, 1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -70°C for 20 minutes, then added dropwise in CH2
Cl2
Solution of phenyl cyanate (20% m/m, 0.75 mL, 1.6 mmol). It was stirred at -70°C for 30 minutes, allowed to reach room temperature and stirred for another 4 hours. Add the mixture to NH4
Aqueous Cl saturated solution (20 mL) was quenched. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, washed with Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and evaporate under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. This crude material was subjected to flash column chromatography (on CH2
Cl2
0% to 3% of EtOAc in the purification) to give 2-cyano-5-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-1 as a white amorphous substanceH
-Indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (133 mg, 47%).
Combine 2-cyano-5-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-1 in ethanol (5 mL)H
-A solution of indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (130 mg, 0.36 mmol) and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (18 mg, 0.07 mmol) was heated under reflux for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was evaporated to dryness, brine was added and it was extracted with EtOAc. Combine the combined organic layers with Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and evaporate under reduced pressure to give 2-cyano-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1 as a white solidH
-Indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (104 mg). The product was used in the next step without further purification.
1,8-Diacbicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (0.084 mL, 0.56 mmol) was added to 2-cyano-5-(hydroxymethyl) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) at 0°C )-1H
-A solution of indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (100 mg, 0.36) and diphenyl azide phosphate (0.12 mL, 0.56 mmol), and then the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 hours. Add another portion of diphenyl azide phosphate (0.06 mL, 0.28 mmol) and 1,8-diazepine (5.4.0) undec-7-ene (0.042 mL, 0.28 mmol) at room temperature, and add The mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for another hour. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in CH2
Cl2
In NaHCO3
Saturated solution and brine extraction, after Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and evaporate under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to flash column chromatography (0% to 50% CH in cyclohexane)2
Cl2
) Purification to give 5-(azidomethyl)-2-cyano-1 as a pale yellow solidH
-Indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (57 mg, 51%).
Combine 5-(azidomethyl)-2-cyano-1 in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL)H
-A solution of indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (55 mg, 0.18 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (145 mg, 0.55 mmol) was stirred at room temperature under an argon atmosphere for 5.5 hours. Water (0.5 mL, 28 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1.5 hours. Adsorb the reaction mixture onto silica gel and perform flash column chromatography (on CH2
Cl2
0% to 10% of MeOH in the purification) to give 5-(aminomethyl)-2-cyano-1 as white crystalsH
-Indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (33 mg, 66%).
4-Nitrophenyl chloroformate (100 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added to 5-(aminomethyl)-2-cyano-1 in DMF (4 mL) at 0°C under argon atmosphere.H
-A mixture of tertiary butyl indole-1-carboxylate (122 mg, 0.45 mmol) and DIPEA (0.16 mL, 0.92 mmol). The light yellow suspension was stirred under this condition for 2.5 hours, then another portion of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (25 mg, 0.125 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for another 1 hour, followed by another portion of 4-chloroformic acid 4- Nitrophenyl ester (25 mg, 0.125 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for an additional hour. Add to CH at 0℃2
Cl2
A solution of 3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl} acridine (112 mg, 0.45 mmol) in (2 mL), allow the mixture to warm to room temperature and stir overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel using 0 to 10% EtOAc-CH2
Cl2
Mixture, followed by 0 to 3% of MeOH-CH2
Cl2
Gradient leaching of the mixture to yield 136 mg (57%) 2-cyano-5-{[(3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}acryl-1- Carbonyl)amino]methyl}-1H
-Indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester.
Add trifluoroacetic acid (0.4 mL, 5 mmol) to CH2
Cl2
(10 mL) 2-cyano-5-{[(3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl}acryl-1-carbonyl)amino]methyl}-1H
-In solution of indole-1-carboxylic acid tertiary butyl ester (135 mg, 0.25 mmol), cooled to 0° C. in an ice water bath and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 22 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel using 0 to 3% MeOH-CH2
Cl2
The gradient of the mixture was eluted and further purified by preparative reverse-phase HPLC with a mixture gradient of acetonitrile and water to obtain the title compound (24 mg, 0.056 mmol, 22%). [M+H]+
= 429.1. N -[(1 H- Indole -5- base ) methyl ]-3-{[4-( Trifluoromethyl ) Phenoxy ] methyl } Acridine -1- Thioformamide
1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole (98 mg, 0.55 mmol) was added to 3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy in DMF (2 mL) at room temperature under argon atmosphere ] Methyl} acridine (116 mg, 0.5 mmol) in solution. The light brown solution was stirred under this condition for 1 hour. After the activation period, add 1-(1 in DMF (1 mL)H
-A solution of indol-5-yl)methylamine (72 mg, 0.49 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at this temperature overnight, followed by stirring at 65°C for 1 hour. After the reaction was completed (monitored by TLC), the mixture was poured onto water (8 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2x15 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2
SO4
Dry, filter and concentrate in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel, which was separated by CH2
Cl2
The mixture was eluted with MeOH (95:5) to yield 23 mg of the title compound. LC-MS (ESI) m/z [M+H]+
= 420.2. 3-[(4- Methylphenoxy ) methyl ] Pyrrolidine
Intermediate 118 was prepared according to the synthesis instructions for intermediate 62. 3-{[4-( Trifluoromethyl ) Phenoxy ] methyl } Pyrrolidine
Intermediate 119 was prepared according to the synthesis instructions for intermediate 62.
The methylpyrrolidine derivatives are summarized in Table 12.
The other pyrrolidine intermediates in Table 13 were prepared according to the synthesis instructions for intermediate 62.
The examples in Table 14 were prepared according to the synthesis instructions for intermediate 38.
The examples shown in Table 15 containing piperidine, piperidine and nitrogen rings were prepared according to the synthesis instructions of Example 38.
Preparation of pharmaceutical composition
The following compounding examples illustrate representative pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the following pharmaceutical compositions.A) Solid oral dosage form I., tablet II., Oral film B) Liquid oral dosage form III., Oral suspension IV., syrup C) Parenteral dosage form V., Intravenous injection D) Other dosage forms VI., Suppository VII., Nasal drops or nasal spray Biological activity Humanity α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [Ca 2+ ] i Test method
Cells: Flp-In 293 cells stably express human α7 nAchR and human RIC-3 (α7 cells, produced in-house).
Materials: PDL (Falcon) coated 96-well dish, culture medium, assay buffer, DMSO, FLIPR calcium 5 sets (Molecular Devices), probenecid, agonist and PAM test compound. method (Ca 2+ Fluorometry ) Brief description of
Α7 cells stably expressing human α7 nAchR were cultured in the medium detailed above and shunted twice a week. Cytosolic Ca2+
Ion concentration ([Ca2+
]i
) The cells measured by fluorescence measurement were seeded in a 96-well microplate at a density of 60,000 cells/well, and at 37°C in 95% air/5% CO2
Maintain overnight in the tissue culture incubator under the atmosphere. The plate medium is the same as the medium. Aspirate 50 µl of growth medium in a cell washer (BioTek Elx405UCVWS). Then use an 8-channel pipette to manually add 5 sets of 50 μl/well calcium diluted twice in assay buffer. After the incubation period (20 minutes, 37°C), manually add 50 μl/well of vehicle (DMSO, added at 4%) or reference α7 PAM (4-fold final concentration) assay buffer and place the cells at 37 Incubate at 10°C for another 10 minutes. Baseline and agonist-induced [Ca2+
]i
The changes were monitored with FlexStation II (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA), a disk reading fluorometer with integrated 8-channel fluid addition capability. The fluorescence measurement is performed at 37°C. The dye system is excited at 485 nm and emitted at 525 nm at 1.4 s intervals. The baseline was recorded for 20 seconds, followed by agonist stimulation. Add 50 µl of 4-fold concentrated agonist solution to the cells using a FlexStation II pipette and monitor the fluorescence for another 40 seconds. The final DMSO concentration for all treatments was 1%. To achieve this concentration, a series of DMSO stock solutions were prepared from all test compounds. These stock solutions were stored at 0°C and further diluted in assay buffer immediately before measurement to obtain the desired final concentration. The agonist and PAM concentration response studies were conducted in the presence of saturated concentrations of PAM (mainly PNU-120596, 5 µM) and agonist (mainly PNU-282987, 1 µM). The results are expressed in terms of ΔF/F using SoftMax Pro software (Molecular Devices), where F is the stationary fluorescence before application of the agonist, and ΔF is the increase in fluorescence at the given time (ΔF = maximum after stimulation (Fluorescence intensity value minus the average fluorescence intensity value before stimulation). In all experiments, all treatments were measured in parallel in multiple wells and analyzed using average ΔF/F values.
Table 16 is shown in [Ca2+
]i
PAM EC in the verification method50
value: In vivo pharmacology ( Position recognition test )
Animals: Male NMRI mice (Toxicoop, Hungary)
Substance: Dissolve scopolamine in saline and administer i.p. at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The test compound was administered 30 minutes before the acquisition trial (T1) and the scopolamine was administered in a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g after the acquisition trial.
Procedure: The task is performed in a transparent plastic glass Y-shaped maze (each arm has a length of 40 cm, an internal width of 11 cm and a height of 30 cm). Many visual cues are placed around the arm and remain unchanged during the experiment. The test consists of two sets of tests (T1 and T2) with a time interval of 30 minutes. The mouse line was placed in the starting arm of the maze at the beginning of each experiment. In T1, one of the symmetric arms of the maze is closed (which is a novel arm in T2) and the animal is allowed to explore the maze for 5 minutes (learning period). In T2, mice can freely enter all three arms for 2 minutes (retrieval phase). Measure the time spent exploring the novel arm and familiarizing the arm during T2. The difference between the exploration time spent by the familiar arm of the labyrinth on the novel arm was evaluated by MANOVA followed by Duncan post hoc test.
Table 17 shows the reversal of scopolamine-induced amnesia in the position recognition test of mice:
A significant difference was observed between the exploration time spent by the novel arm of the maze versus the familiar arm (+
p<0.05;++
p<0.01;+++
p<0.001).