201223070 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種電池均衡裝置及方法，特別是，關於一種 利用電磁耦合效應對串聯電池組進行均衡的裝置及方法。 【先前技術】 隨著大型電子產品的需求日益增加，人們對於電池容量的要 求也愈來愈大，對於充電時間的要求也愈短。以電動汽車為例， 般需要大量的高容量電池組作為動力來源，因&，如何能快速 對高容量電池組充放電且提高電池組的壽命，是目前本領域的發 展趨勢。 目前現有的電池充電器有使用定電流方式充電、定電壓方式 充電、定電流及定電壓相結合方式充電或脈衝寬度調變信號方式 充電。，然’不管採用何種方式，只要是要求快速充電，就必須考 慮電池單體的保護，否則，一但過充電或過放電均會嚴重減少電 池的哥·命。 • 以電池包為例，其内部含有多個電池以串聯方式連接。當串 聯電池組在進行充電時，各個電池間的殘餘電量以及電池特性是 否匹配就顯得相當重要。由於殘餘電量會隨著使用次數的增加以 及串恥電池組之匹配與否而產生差異，致使各電池間的端電壓差 異越來越大，當對殘餘電量較多的電池進行充電時，容易因過度 充電而使電池損壞。因此，若串聯電池組於充電時能針對電池單 體的狀況做適時的監控與調整，使串聯電池組中各電池皆能操作 於最佳的狀4中’例如’讓串聯電池組各電池間的端電壓隨時保 持均衡’則必能有效地延長電池的使用壽命。而這種技術一般稱 201223070 電句衡技術-般電池均衡技術是利用電阻設計的方式來消 耗多餘的肊里’通常串聯電池組會與電阻及開關連接，當串聯電 進行充電日夺冑池監控電路會持續地電池的端電壓進行監 控田偵測到某-電池單體的端電壓較高時，會導通開關使該電 池單體與電阻形成並聯狀態，因騎有—部㈣電流通過電阻， 如此可延緩該電池單體的端電壓上升速率，漸漸地使串聯電池組 中的各電池電位達到均衡。 而，上述之電阻式的電池均衡技術係利用電阻來消耗各電 池間的電壓不平衡所超出的能量，因此，容易使整個電路產生高 熱’並且此種做法也會降低總體電能利用$，不冑合經濟效益。 另外，尚有_種利用M器設計的來進行電池均衡的方式， 其利用變壓器取代上述的電阻。#某電池的端電壓若超過一定數 值時主控制電路會輸出一高頻訊號，用以驅動開關使得變壓器 的第-次側線圈產生激磁感應電壓，藉此將能量傳遞至第二次側 線圈’並在第n線圈上產生感應電流，此感應電流即可經由 充電迴路對串聯電池組充電，漸漸地使串聯電池組中的各電池電 位達到均衡。然而，此種方式必須對每一個電池均配置一組變壓 籲器’當多個電池串聯成電池組時，則多個變壓器的體積、重量會 使整個電路尺寸及重量增加，且也會增加在電池保護版上進行元 件配置及電路佈局設計的難度。 因此，如何克服上述的種種缺點，已成為目前業界急待解決 的課題。 【發明内容】 鑒於上述習知技術之缺點，本發明之主要目的係在於提供一 種利用電磁耦合的能量轉移技術，使串聯、並聯或串並聯電池包 201223070 能在任何工作狀態下進行各單體電池之間的電量平衡，俾提昇電 池的使用效率及壽命。 為了達到上述目的及其他目的，本發明係提供一種電池均衡 裝置，係應用於複數個串聯、並聯或串並聯電池所組成的電池包， 用以於該電池包中不同電壓之電池間進行能量傳遞，包括：監控 模組，係用以監控該電池包中各個電池的狀態；電磁耦合變壓器， 係具有對應連接該複數個串聯電池之複數個繞組；開關模組，係 具有對應連接該複數個繞組之開關；以及主控模組，係依據該監 控模組所取得之各個電池的狀態控制該開關模組，而由該電池包 中至少一電池藉由該對應之開關將能量儲存於該對應之繞組，使 該電磁耦合變壓器之複數個繞組間產生電磁耦合效應而對該些電 池進行均衡。 其次，本發明尚提供一種係應用於複數個串聯、並聯或串並 聯電池所組成的電池包，以於該電池包中不同電壓之電池間進行 月&量傳遞，包括：監控模組，係用以監控該電池包中各個電池的 狀態；電磁耦合變壓器，係具有對應連接該複數個串聯電池之複 數個繞組；開關模組，係連接該電池包中各個電池並與該電磁耦 • 合變壓器並聯；以及主控模組，係依據該監控模組所取得之各個 電池的狀態控制该開關模組，而選擇該電池包中至少一電池藉由 该電磁耦合變壓器之複數個繞組間所產生電磁耦合效應而進行均 衡充電。 復次，本發明亦提供一種電池均衡裝置，係應用於複數個串 聯、並聯或串並聯電池所組成的電池包，以於該電池包中不同電 壓之電池間進行能量傳遞，包括：監控模組，係用以監控該電池 包中各個電池的狀態；電磁耦合變壓器，係具有對應連接該複數 個串聯電池之複數個繞組；開關模組，係連接該電磁耦合變壓器； [S1 5 201223070 之=接該開關模組;以及主控模組，係依據該監控模 壓器之：衡雷广也的狀態控制該開關模組並設定該電磁耦合變 泣：估㈣4 ’再使該主動電源經由該開關模組提供充電電 :此合變壓器之複數個繞組間產生電磁輕合效應而將 該些電池均充電至該均衡電位。 碑本發明還提供—種電池均衡方法，係應用於複數個串 聯、並聯或串並聯電池所組成的電池包，且該電池包與—電磁耗 器連接’該電仙合變制具有對應連接該複數個電池之201223070 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a battery equalization apparatus and method, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for equalizing a series battery pack using an electromagnetic coupling effect. [Prior Art] With the increasing demand for large-scale electronic products, people's requirements for battery capacity are increasing, and the requirements for charging time are also shorter. Taking electric vehicles as an example, a large number of high-capacity battery packs are generally required as a power source. How to quickly charge and discharge a high-capacity battery pack and improve the life of the battery pack is a development trend in the field. At present, the existing battery chargers are charged by a constant current mode, a constant voltage mode, a constant current and a constant voltage, or a pulse width modulation signal. However, no matter what method is used, as long as it requires fast charging, it is necessary to consider the protection of the battery cells. Otherwise, overcharge or overdischarge will seriously reduce the battery life. • Take the battery pack as an example. It contains multiple batteries inside to connect them in series. When the series battery pack is being charged, it is important that the residual power between the batteries and the battery characteristics match. Since the residual power will vary with the number of uses and the matching of the stringy battery packs, the difference in the terminal voltage between the batteries becomes larger and larger, and when the battery with more residual power is charged, it is easy to cause Overcharged and damaged the battery. Therefore, if the series battery pack can be properly monitored and adjusted for the condition of the battery unit during charging, the batteries in the series battery pack can be operated in the optimal shape 4, for example, the battery cells of the series battery pack are allowed to be connected. The terminal voltage is always balanced', which will effectively extend the battery life. And this technology is generally called 201223070 electric sentence balance technology - the battery equalization technology is to use the resistor design to consume the excess ' ' 'usually the series battery pack will be connected with the resistor and switch, when the series is charged for the charging day The circuit will continue to monitor the terminal voltage of the battery. When the terminal voltage of a battery cell is detected to be high, the switch will be turned on to make the battery cell and the resistor form a parallel state, because the current of the (four) current is passed through the resistor. This can delay the rate of rise of the terminal voltage of the battery cell, and gradually equalize the potential of each battery in the series battery. However, the above-mentioned resistive battery equalization technique utilizes a resistor to consume energy that is exceeded by voltage imbalance between cells, and therefore, it is easy to cause high heat in the entire circuit' and this method also reduces overall power utilization by $, Economic benefits. In addition, there is a way to perform battery equalization using an M-device design, which uses a transformer instead of the above-mentioned resistor. # When the terminal voltage of a battery exceeds a certain value, the main control circuit outputs a high-frequency signal for driving the switch to generate a magnetization induced voltage on the first-side coil of the transformer, thereby transferring energy to the second-side coil. And generating an induced current on the nth coil, the induced current can charge the series battery pack via the charging circuit, and gradually equalize the potentials of the batteries in the series battery. However, in this way, each battery must be equipped with a set of transformers. When multiple batteries are connected in series into a battery pack, the volume and weight of the multiple transformers will increase the overall circuit size and weight, and will also increase. Difficulty in component configuration and circuit layout design on the battery protection board. Therefore, how to overcome the above shortcomings has become an urgent issue to be solved in the industry. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the main object of the present invention is to provide an energy transfer technology using electromagnetic coupling, so that the series, parallel or series-parallel battery pack 201223070 can perform each unit battery under any working condition. The balance between the batteries, 俾 improve the efficiency and life of the battery. In order to achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a battery equalization device, which is applied to a battery pack composed of a plurality of series, parallel or series-parallel batteries for energy transfer between batteries of different voltages in the battery pack. The method includes: a monitoring module for monitoring the state of each battery in the battery pack; an electromagnetic coupling transformer having a plurality of windings corresponding to the plurality of series connected batteries; and a switch module having a corresponding connection of the plurality of windings And the main control module controls the switch module according to the state of each battery obtained by the monitoring module, and at least one battery in the battery pack stores energy in the corresponding switch by the corresponding switch The windings cause electromagnetic coupling effects between the plurality of windings of the electromagnetic coupling transformer to equalize the batteries. Secondly, the present invention further provides a battery pack composed of a plurality of series, parallel or series-parallel batteries for performing monthly & mass transfer between batteries of different voltages in the battery pack, including: monitoring module, The electromagnetic coupling transformer has a plurality of windings corresponding to the plurality of series connected batteries; the switch module is connected to each battery in the battery pack and coupled with the electromagnetic coupling Parallel; and the main control module controls the switch module according to the state of each battery obtained by the monitoring module, and selects at least one battery in the battery pack to generate electromagnetic waves between the plurality of windings of the electromagnetic coupling transformer Balanced charging with coupling effect. In addition, the present invention also provides a battery equalization device, which is applied to a battery pack composed of a plurality of series, parallel or series-parallel batteries for energy transfer between batteries of different voltages in the battery pack, including: a monitoring module For monitoring the state of each battery in the battery pack; the electromagnetic coupling transformer has a plurality of windings corresponding to the plurality of series connected batteries; the switch module is connected to the electromagnetic coupling transformer; [S1 5 201223070 = The switch module; and the main control module control the switch module according to the state of the monitor embossing device: Heng Leiguang also sets the electromagnetic coupling to cry: estimate (4) 4' and then make the active power supply through the switch mode The group provides charging power: an electromagnetic light-closing effect is generated between the plurality of windings of the combined transformer, and the batteries are all charged to the equalizing potential. The invention also provides a battery equalization method, which is applied to a battery pack composed of a plurality of series, parallel or series-parallel batteries, and the battery pack is connected with the electromagnetic consuming device. Multiple batteries
複固繞組，該電池均衡方法包括：⑴監控該電池包中各個電池 的狀態’·⑵當該複數個電池間的狀態差異超過預設定的觸發條件 時7該電池包中至少一電池將能量儲存於對應之繞組；以及⑶ 使該電軸合變壓器之複數個繞組間產生電磁麵合效應而對該電 池包中的電池進行均衡。 此外’本發明又提供池均衡方法，係應用於複數個串 聯、並聯或串並聯電池所組成的電池包，且該電池包與—電磁輕 合變壓器連接，該電磁耗合Mli具有對應連接該複數個電池之 複數個繞組’該電池均衡方法包括：⑴監控該電池包中各個電池 的狀態；（2)當該複數個電池間的狀態差異超過預設定的觸發條件 時’設定該電磁麵合變壓器之均衡電位；⑶令—主動電源提供充 電電流，使該電磁輕合變墨器之複數個繞組間產生電磁耗合效應 而將該些電池均充電线均衡電位；以及⑷監控該電池包中各個 電池的殘餘電量’並藉由該些電池的殘餘電量產生新的充電模 式，以由該主動電源依據該新的充電模式對該些電池進行充電。 據此，相較於習知技術，本發明之電池均衡裝置及方法，無 須透過電阻將額外的能量消耗，因此可增加電池包十複數個申聯 電池進行均衡時的能量轉移效率，藉以提高電池的使用壽命並增 201223070 加電池包的能量健存效^再者，本發明可搭配 包進行充電使各個電池的電難箝制在所設定之均:對= 電池包於自主均衡時發生均衡電流不足的問題。另-方面， 對應電池單體的繞組形成於單_變歷器令，亦即，整： 因大:電解決1知技術中感應式電池均衡技術 零組件的傳導:;體積及電路佈局，^ 【實施方式] 以下係藉由特定的具體實施型態說明本發明之實施方式，熟 悉此技術之人士可由本說明t所揭示之内容輕易地瞭解本發明^ 其他優點與功效。本發明亦可藉由其他不同的具體實施型態加以 施行或應用。 清參閱第1圖，為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第—態樣的架構 圖。如圖所示，本發明之電池均衡裝置包括監控模組n及連接電 池包1〇的電磁耦合變壓器12。於此架構中，由於電池包1〇中的 電池在串聯狀態下總充電電壓會均分與每節單體電池上，而每節 單體電池因為其電量殘餘值不同而造成每節單體電池的内阻、電 壓值均有所不同（可由監控模組11擷取電池的狀態訊息），因此， 可透過電磁耦合變壓器12使高電位的電池能量產生磁耦合效應而 流向低電位的電池，以達成本發明電池均衡的目的。於第1圖的 〇又》十中，磁耗合效應是隨時在進行，無須任何控制機制，故可達 成快速充電、快速平衡且減少均衡能量損耗的功效。 請參閱第2圖’為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第二態樣的架構 圖。如圖所示，本發明之電池均衡裝置包括監控模組21、連接電 池包20的電磁耦合變壓器22、開關模組23 '以及主控模組24。 201223070 監控模組21用以監控電池包2() _ 壓器22具有對應連接該 〉、的狀態’電碌麴合變 23連接電池包2〇中的各個曾個 電池之魏個繞組，開關模組 9Α . /並”電磁耦合變壓器22 主控模組24可依據監控模組21所取 及聯，而 關模組23，而選擇電池包2Q中 目、Α的狀·麵制開 22之複數個繞關所產生電軸合效“進行均誠^變壓器 於一較佳態樣中，第2圖之電池均衡裝置還包括 用以提供充電電流’使電叫合變鞋22之複數個繞 ^For resolidating the winding, the battery equalization method includes: (1) monitoring the state of each battery in the battery pack' (2) when the state difference between the plurality of batteries exceeds a preset trigger condition, 7 at least one of the battery packs stores energy And corresponding to the winding; and (3) equalizing the battery in the battery pack by causing an electromagnetic surface effect between the plurality of windings of the electric shaft coupling transformer. In addition, the present invention further provides a pool equalization method, which is applied to a battery pack composed of a plurality of series, parallel or series-parallel batteries, and the battery pack is connected with an electromagnetic light-receiving transformer, and the electromagnetic consumption Mli has a corresponding connection. The battery equalization method includes: (1) monitoring the state of each battery in the battery pack; (2) setting the electromagnetic face transformer when the state difference between the plurality of batteries exceeds a preset trigger condition The equalization potential; (3) the active power supply provides a charging current, so that the electromagnetic coupling effect is generated between the plurality of windings of the electromagnetic light-changing ink changer, and the battery charging lines are equalized with potential; and (4) monitoring each of the battery packs The residual power of the battery 'and generates a new charging mode by the residual power of the batteries to charge the batteries by the active power source according to the new charging mode. Accordingly, compared with the prior art, the battery equalization device and method of the present invention do not need to transmit additional energy through the resistor, thereby increasing the energy transfer efficiency of the battery pack when a plurality of Shenlian batteries are equalized, thereby improving the battery. The service life is increased by 201223070. The energy storage effect of the battery pack is further improved. The invention can be charged with the package to make the electric difficulty of each battery clamped in the set: the pair = the battery pack is insufficiently balanced when the self-equalization occurs. The problem. On the other hand, the windings corresponding to the battery cells are formed in the single-manipulator device, that is, the whole: due to the large: electricity to solve the conduction of the inductive battery equalization technology components in the prior art: volume and circuit layout, ^ [Embodiment] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in the present specification. The invention may also be practiced or applied by other different embodiments. Referring to Figure 1, there is shown an architectural diagram of a first aspect of the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention. As shown, the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention includes a monitoring module n and an electromagnetic coupling transformer 12 connected to the battery pack. In this architecture, since the battery in the battery pack 1〇 is in series, the total charging voltage is evenly distributed on each unit cell, and each unit cell is caused by different residual values of each unit. The internal resistance and the voltage value are different (the status information of the battery can be extracted by the monitoring module 11), so that the magnetic coupling effect of the high-potential battery energy can be generated by the electromagnetic coupling transformer 12 to flow to the low-potential battery. The purpose of balancing the battery of the present invention is achieved. In the first and second tenth, the magnetic consumption effect is on the way, without any control mechanism, so it can achieve fast charging, fast balance and reduce the effect of balanced energy loss. Please refer to Fig. 2' for the second embodiment of the battery equalization device of the present invention. As shown, the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention includes a monitoring module 21, an electromagnetic coupling transformer 22 that connects the battery pack 20, a switch module 23', and a main control module 24. 201223070 The monitoring module 21 is configured to monitor the battery pack 2 () _ press 22 has a corresponding connection state, the electrical connection, the connection of the battery pack 2 各个 each of the previous battery of the Wei winding, switch mode Group 9 Α / / "electromagnetic coupling transformer 22 main control module 24 can be connected according to the monitoring module 21, and close the module 23, and select the battery pack 2Q in the head, the shape of the surface to open 22 of the plural The electric axis effect of the windings is "to carry out the power ^ transformer in a preferred aspect, the battery equalization device of the second figure also includes a plurality of windings for providing a charging current" to make the electric shoe 22
磁耗合效應而對主控模組24透過開關模組23所選擇之=生電 池進行均衡充電。 芝^ 電 於此第二態樣中，若開關模組23不運作，則其動 於第i圖之第-態樣的運作方式。，然而，當電池包2q ^同The magnetic consumption effect is used to equalize and charge the main control module 24 through the selected battery of the switch module 23. In the second aspect, if the switch module 23 does not operate, it operates in the first mode of the i-th image. , however, when the battery pack 2q ^ same
單體已賴合電壓而無須再充電或進行均衡時，監控模組^ = 此訊息告知主控齡24，此時主控模組24可透㈣關模組^關 閉已飽合電池早體的充電線路及_合線路，如此，可降低能量 損耗。另外，除了電池包20中透過帅合效應進行自體均衡外， 也可導入外部電源進行主動充電及磁耦合均衡。相較之下，第】 圖的第-態樣較適合應用於電池包充電初期的大電流快速充電， 而第2圖的第二態樣較適合應用於充電後期，主控模組％須對特 定電池單體進行狀態切換避免過充情況產生。而第二態樣的設計 尚有-優點，在於開關模組23與電磁輕合變壓器22是處於並聯 型態，因此當主控模組24至開關模組23線路發生異常或無法作 動時，電磁耦合變㈣22仍可與電池包2()產生仙合效應而進 行自體均衡。 請參閱第3圖’為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第三態樣的架構 圖。如圖所示，本發明之電池均衡裝置包括監控模組31、連接電 201223070 池包30的電磁耦合變壓器32、開關模組33、以及主控模組34。 其中，電池包30可包含複數個電池單體以串聯、並聯或串並聯的 方式連接，例如電池1、電池2至電池η是以串聯型態進行連接。 監控模組31用以監控該電池包中各個電池的狀態，例如，可監控 電池的電壓、充電電流量、電池内阻、放電電流量、電量殘餘值 (SOC)、劣化程度（SOH)、溫度、溼度、品質、效能等。電磁耦合 變壓器32具有對應連接該複數個串聯電池之複數個繞組，亦即， 電池包30中每個電池均連接對應的繞組，而電池包30之複數個 繞組與大繞組連接，使得該些繞組的組合視為一組變壓器，當電 ® 磁耦合效應發生時，所有每個電池所連接的繞組均會被箝制到某 個特定電位。開關模組33具有對應連接該複數個繞組之開關，開 關模組33用以驅動或關閉變壓器32的電磁耦合效應。主控模組 34依據監控模組31所取得之各個電池的狀態控制開關模組33， 而由電池包30中至少一電池藉由該對應之開關將能量儲存於該對 應之繞組，使該電磁耦合變壓器32之複數個繞組間產生電磁耦合 效應而對電池包30中的電池進行均衡充電。 於一較佳實施例中，主控模組34還具有信號輸出單元，當監 • 控模組31檢測出電池包30中具有最高電壓的電池單體時，主控 模組34控制該信號輸出單元輸出脈衝信號以導通對應該電池的開 關（開關模組33中連接該最高電壓的電池單體之開關），使對應該 電池的繞組進行能量儲存，而由於電磁耦合變壓器32的電磁耦合 效應使每個電池所連接的繞組均會被箝制到前述最高電壓的電 位，當具有最低電壓電池的對應開關也開啟時，變壓器32便會對 最低電壓電池進行均衡充電。再者，主控模組34可預先設定的觸 發條件，當電池包30中複數個電池間的個別電壓差超過該觸發條 件時，則主控模組34便開始觸發該信號輸出單元以對該複數個電 201223070 ^進行均衡充電。這種機制是為避免當電池間的個別電壓差極低 時仍進行均衡充電而造成能量浪費，且電壓差極低的均衡充電直 效果並不明顯。例如，當主控模組34到達該觸發條件時會控制信 谠輸出單元輸出脈衝信H通對應該電㈣_，使對應該電 池的繞組被箝制於高電壓或—自定義電壓值，而其他電池的對應 繞組因該電帅合變壓器所產生電磁輕合效應亦被箝制於高電壓 或心定義電壓值，以對該電池包中低電㈣電池進行充電，反 之’若未達該觸發條件’則開關模組33關，變壓器32就無法 產生電磁耦合效應。 於另-較佳實施例中，變壓器32中個別繞組與所對應的該電 =間可配置-整流單元，當發生電磁麵合效應使該複數個繞組被 紐制於高電壓時，若該個別繞組與所對應的該電池間的電壓差大 於該整流單元的導通電壓，則開始對該電池進行充電。整流單元 的設置可使得電帅合效應所產生的能量優㈣較低電麗的電池 進灯充電，以實現最高電位電池的能量流向最低電位電㈣目的。 相較於第1圖的第-態樣及第2圖的第二祕，第三態樣的 優點在於主控模組34可透過開關模組33選擇電池包3〇中任何一 顆電池1乍為參考電壓值（通常選擇電位最高的電池單體）或自定義 參考電壓值，並選擇電池包3〇中特定電池（通常選擇電位最低的 電池單體）加人磁麵合以進行均衡充電。#電池包3()中有某些電 池與其他電池的效能差異過大時，或電池包3〇是由不同種類的電 池單體組成時，可選擇第三態樣的充電模式。 "月參閱第4圖，為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第四態樣的架構 圖。如圖所示，本發明之電池均衡裝置包括監控模組41、連接電 池包40的電磁耦合變壓器42、開關模組43、主控模組44、以及 主動電源45。其中，電池包40可包含複數個串聯、並聯或串並聯 201223070 連接之電池單體，如圖式中的電池1、電池2至電池η。監控模組 41用以監控該電池包中各個電池的狀態。電磁耦合變壓器42具有 對應連接該複數個串聯電池之複數個繞組，而電池包40中每個電 池均連接對應的繞組，使得該些繞組的組合視為一組變壓器。開 關模組43係連接電磁耦合變壓器42。主動電源連接該開關模組， 可為一外部電源以作為主動對電池充電的來源。主控模組44依據 監控模組41所取得之各個電池的狀態控制該開關模組43並設定 該電磁耦合變壓器42之均衡電位，再使主動電源45經由開關模 組43提供充電電流，使電磁耦合變壓器42之複數個繞組間產生 ® 電磁耦合效應而將該些電池均充電至該均衡電位。此第四態樣是 前述第三態樣的進階設計，由於不同種類的電池之特性並不一 致，例如，當鎳氫電池包運用本發明之第三態樣時，其電磁耦合 效應所產生的均衡充電並不明顯，這是因為鎳氫電池本身特性所 致。故，可將鎳氫電池包運用本發明之第四態樣，由主控模組44 判斷電池的狀態設定均衡電位（通常是以最高電位的電池作為設 定依據），使主動電源45經由開關模組43提供充電電流，如此， 可同時將電池包中未到均衡電位的所有電池拉升至均衡電位。相 • 較於本發明之第三態樣，雖然額外運用了主動電源45，但因此能 使電池包更快達到均衡電位。再者，運用本發明之第四態樣能解 決第二態樣運用在某些電池上的均衡效果不明顯的問題。 另外，於一實施態樣中，主控模組44可對監控模組41回傳 的電池裝態資訊進行分析，並選出電池包40中電量殘餘值最高的 單體電池，針對即時的電量殘餘情況，計算出一種新的充電模式， 再控制外部電源45輸出電壓值、電流值和脉衝充電模式的頻率值。 當外部電源45把充電電壓、電流值調整到與本電池包40中電量 201223070 殘餘值最高的單體電池相臨界點時，此單體電池基本無法再增加 容量，而其他殘餘電量值相對較低的電池單體反而能繼續充電， 此工作將使電池包40中所有電池單體都能達到電量的一致性，實 現均衡的目的。此項技術的價值在於，僅利用了對電池内部化學 成份的即時計算和掌握，精密控制外部電源45的工作模式和輸出 情況，而不需要外加其他耗能裝置和電能轉移裝置的協助，也能 高效低耗的實現電池的均衡目的，而降低了產品的複雜度、故障 • 隱憂和成本。 請參閱第5圖，為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第三態樣的部分 電路示意圖。如圖所示，電池包50為串聯型態，其電池單體B21、 B22、B23..等分別連接電磁耦合變壓器52。變壓器繞組T22、T27、 Τ28為同一變壓器内的線圈，開關模組53是由多個電晶體所組 成，主控端（圖未示）可輸出PWM脈衝信號，夠過PWM脈衝信號寬 度的調整可決定變壓器的傳遞功率。於電池包50的充電過程中， 若檢測到電池單體Β21具有最高電壓而Β22具有最低電壓，則主 φ 控端輸出高頻PWM脈衝信號導通開關模組53，此時，繞組Τ22將 能量儲存於磁芯，繞組Τ21因感應電壓而被箝制到某個固定電壓 值，而使整流二極體D28導通並對電池單體Β22進行均衡充電。 然而，該電池均衡裝置之第三態樣的部分電路示意圖僅僅為本發 明的一具體實施例，並非對本發明的範圍進行限制。 請參閱第6圖，為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第四態樣的部分 電路示意圖。如前述說明，此電池均衡裝置包括監控模組61、連 接電池包60的電磁耦合變壓器62、開關模組63、主控模組64、 以及主動電源65。其中，電池包60可包含複數個串聯連接之電池 單體，如圖式中的電池Β1、電池Β2至電池Bn。監控模組61用以[s] 12 201223070 監控該電池包中各個電池的狀態。電磁耦合變壓器62具有對應連 接該複數個串聯電池之複數個繞組。主控模組64依據監控模組61 所取得之各個電池的狀態控制該開關模組63並設定該電磁耦合變 壓器62之均衡電位，再使主動電源65經由開關模組63提供充電 電流，使電磁耦合變壓器62之複數個繞組間產生電磁耦合效應而 將該些電池均充電至該均衡電位。然而，該電池均衡裝置之第四 態樣的部分電路示意圖僅僅為本發明的一具體實施例，並非對本 發明的範圍進行限制。 請參閱第7圖，為本發明之電池均衡方法之一具體實施例的 ® 操作流程圖。於步驟S71中，先監控電池包中各個電池的狀態。 於於步驟S72中，當複數個電池間的狀態差異超過預設定的觸發 條件時，令電池包中至少一電池將能量儲存於對應之繞組。於於 步驟S73中，使電磁耦合變壓器之複數個繞組間產生電磁耦合效 應而對電池包中的電池進行均衡。 於一具體實施態樣中，前述步驟S71可包括監控電池包中各 個電池的狀態，以檢測出複數個電池中具有最高電壓及最低電壓 的電池的步驟，步驟S72可包括當該最高電壓及最低電壓的差值 • 超過預設定的觸發條件時，令該最高電壓的電池將能量儲存於對 應之繞組的步驟，以及步驟S73可包括使電磁耦合變壓器之複數 個繞組間產生電磁耦合效應而對該最低電壓的電池進行充電的步 驟。於另一具體實施態樣中，步驟S73可包括使電磁耦合變壓器 之複數個繞組間產生電磁耦合效應而對該電池包中的特定電池進 行充電或放電。 請參閱第8圖，為本發明之電池均衡方法之另一具體實施例 的操作流程圖。於步驟S81中，先監控電池包中各個電池的狀態。 於於步驟S82中，當該複數個電池間的狀態差異超過預設定的觸 [S) 13 201223070 發條件時，設定該電磁耦合變壓器之均衡電位。於於步驟S83中， 令一主動電源提供充電電流，使該電磁耦合變壓器之複數個繞組 間產生電磁耦合效應而將該些電池均充電至該均衡電位。 綜上所述，本發明之電池均衡裝置及方法有以下優點：（1) 無須透過電阻將額外的能量消耗，減少能量浪費；（2)可增加電池 包中複數個串聯電池進行均衡時的能量轉換效率，藉以提高電池 的使用壽命；（3)搭配主動電源對電池包進行充電使各個電池的電 壓被箝制在所設定之均衡電位，防止電池包於自主均衡時發生均 衡電流不足的問題，如此能適用於所有種類的電池包；（4)將所有 ® 對應電池單體的繞組形成於單一變壓器中，解決習知技術中感應 式電池均衡技術因大量電壓器造成質量、體積及電路佈局上的困 難；（5)本發明設計可將電磁耦合效應所產生的能量直接對個別電 池單體進行均衡充電，無須將能量灌回主控電路進行電流分配， 因此能大大減少能量浪費。 上述實施型態僅例示性說明本發明之原理及其功效，而非用 於限制本發明。任何熟習此項技藝之人士均可在不違背本發明之 精神及範疇下，對上述實施型態進行修飾與改變。因此，本發明 • 之權利保護範圍，應如後述之申請專利範圍所列。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第一態樣的架構圖； 第2圖為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第二態樣的架構圖； 第3圖為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第三態樣的架構圖； 第4圖為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第四態樣的架構圖； 第5圖為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第三態樣的部分電路示意圖； 第6圖為本發明之電池均衡裝置之第四態樣的部分電路示意圖； [S] 14 201223070 第7圖為本發明之電池 以及 衡法之一具體實施例的操作流程圖 第8圖為本發明之電池均 圖 、方法之另一具體實施例的操作流程When the unit has been connected to the voltage without recharging or equalization, the monitoring module ^ = this message informs the main control age 24, at this time, the main control module 24 can pass the (four) off module ^ to close the saturated battery precursor The charging line and the _ line can reduce the energy loss. In addition, in addition to self-balancing in the battery pack 20 through the handsome effect, an external power source can be introduced for active charging and magnetic coupling equalization. In contrast, the first aspect of the figure is more suitable for high-current fast charging in the initial stage of battery pack charging, and the second aspect of Figure 2 is more suitable for later charging, the master module must be The state of the specific battery cell is switched to avoid overcharging. The second aspect of the design has the advantage that the switch module 23 and the electromagnetic light-compression transformer 22 are in a parallel configuration, so when the main control module 24 to the switch module 23 line is abnormal or unable to operate, the electromagnetic The coupling change (4) 22 can still be self-balanced with the battery pack 2(). Please refer to Fig. 3' for the third embodiment of the battery equalization device of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the battery equalization device of the present invention comprises a monitoring module 31, an electromagnetic coupling transformer 32 connected to the 201223070 pool bag 30, a switch module 33, and a main control module 34. The battery pack 30 may include a plurality of battery cells connected in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel. For example, the battery 1, the battery 2 to the battery n are connected in a series configuration. The monitoring module 31 is configured to monitor the state of each battery in the battery pack, for example, monitor battery voltage, charge current amount, battery internal resistance, discharge current amount, power residual value (SOC), degree of deterioration (SOH), temperature , humidity, quality, performance, etc. The electromagnetic coupling transformer 32 has a plurality of windings correspondingly connected to the plurality of series batteries, that is, each battery in the battery pack 30 is connected to a corresponding winding, and a plurality of windings of the battery pack 30 are connected to the large winding, so that the windings The combination is considered as a set of transformers, and when the electrical coupling effect occurs, all the windings connected to each battery are clamped to a specific potential. The switch module 33 has a switch corresponding to the plurality of windings, and the switch module 33 is used to drive or turn off the electromagnetic coupling effect of the transformer 32. The main control module 34 controls the switch module 33 according to the state of each battery obtained by the monitoring module 31, and at least one battery in the battery pack 30 stores energy in the corresponding winding by the corresponding switch, so that the electromagnetic The electromagnetic coupling effect is generated between the plurality of windings of the coupling transformer 32 to equalize and charge the battery in the battery pack 30. In a preferred embodiment, the main control module 34 further has a signal output unit. When the monitoring module 31 detects the battery cell having the highest voltage in the battery pack 30, the main control module 34 controls the signal output. The unit outputs a pulse signal to turn on a switch corresponding to the battery (a switch of the battery unit connected to the highest voltage in the switch module 33) to perform energy storage of the winding corresponding to the battery, and the electromagnetic coupling effect of the electromagnetic coupling transformer 32 is caused by the electromagnetic coupling effect of the electromagnetic coupling transformer 32. The windings connected to each battery are clamped to the aforementioned highest voltage potential, and when the corresponding switch with the lowest voltage battery is also turned on, the transformer 32 will equalize the minimum voltage battery. Furthermore, the main control module 34 can preset the trigger condition. When the individual voltage difference between the plurality of batteries in the battery pack 30 exceeds the trigger condition, the main control module 34 starts triggering the signal output unit to A plurality of electricity 201223070 ^ for balanced charging. This mechanism is to avoid energy waste caused by equalization charging when the individual voltage difference between the batteries is extremely low, and the balanced charging effect with extremely low voltage difference is not obvious. For example, when the master control module 34 reaches the trigger condition, it controls the signal output unit to output the pulse signal H to correspond to the power (four) _, so that the winding corresponding to the battery is clamped to a high voltage or a custom voltage value, and other batteries The corresponding winding is also clamped to the high voltage or the heart-defined voltage value due to the electromagnetic light-closing effect generated by the electric motor and the transformer, so as to charge the low-power (four) battery in the battery pack, and vice versa if the trigger condition is not reached. When the switch module 33 is turned off, the transformer 32 cannot produce an electromagnetic coupling effect. In another preferred embodiment, the individual windings in the transformer 32 and the corresponding electrical configurable-rectifying unit, when an electromagnetic surface effect occurs, causes the plurality of windings to be tied to a high voltage, if the individual The voltage difference between the winding and the corresponding battery is greater than the turn-on voltage of the rectifying unit, and then charging the battery begins. The setting of the rectifying unit can make the energy generated by the electric motoring effect superior (4) the battery of the lower electric battery to charge the lamp, so as to realize the energy flow of the highest potential battery to the lowest potential electric (four) purpose. Compared with the second aspect of FIG. 1 and the second secret of FIG. 2, the third aspect has the advantage that the main control module 34 can select any one of the battery packs through the switch module 33. For the reference voltage value (usually select the battery cell with the highest potential) or the custom reference voltage value, and select the specific battery in the battery pack 3 (usually the battery cell with the lowest potential), add the magnetic surface to balance the charge. #电池包3() The charging mode of the third aspect can be selected when there is a difference in performance between some batteries and other batteries, or when the battery pack is composed of different types of battery cells. "Monthly Referring to Figure 4, an architectural diagram of a fourth aspect of the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention. As shown, the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention includes a monitoring module 41, an electromagnetic coupling transformer 42 that connects the battery pack 40, a switch module 43, a main control module 44, and an active power source 45. The battery pack 40 may include a plurality of battery cells connected in series, parallel or series and parallel 201223070, such as battery 1, battery 2 to battery η in the figure. The monitoring module 41 is used to monitor the status of each battery in the battery pack. The electromagnetic coupling transformer 42 has a plurality of windings corresponding to the plurality of series connected batteries, and each of the batteries in the battery pack 40 is connected to a corresponding winding such that the combination of the windings is regarded as a group of transformers. The switching module 43 is connected to the electromagnetic coupling transformer 42. The active power supply is connected to the switch module and can be an external power source as a source for actively charging the battery. The main control module 44 controls the switch module 43 according to the state of each battery obtained by the monitoring module 41 and sets the equalization potential of the electromagnetic coupling transformer 42, and then the active power source 45 supplies the charging current through the switch module 43 to make the electromagnetic The electromagnetic coupling effect is generated between the plurality of windings of the coupling transformer 42 to charge the batteries to the equalization potential. This fourth aspect is an advanced design of the foregoing third aspect. Since the characteristics of different types of batteries are not uniform, for example, when the nickel-hydrogen battery pack uses the third aspect of the present invention, the electromagnetic coupling effect is generated. Balanced charging is not obvious, because of the characteristics of the nickel-hydrogen battery itself. Therefore, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack can be used in the fourth aspect of the present invention, and the main control module 44 determines the state of the battery to set the equalization potential (usually the battery with the highest potential as the setting basis), so that the active power source 45 passes the switch mode. Group 43 provides a charging current so that all cells in the battery pack that are not at an equilibrium potential can be pulled up to an equalizing potential at the same time. Phase • Compared to the third aspect of the present invention, the active power source 45 is additionally utilized, so that the battery pack can reach the equilibrium potential more quickly. Furthermore, the fourth aspect of the present invention can solve the problem that the equalization effect of the second aspect applied to some batteries is not obvious. In addition, in an implementation manner, the main control module 44 can analyze the battery state information returned by the monitoring module 41, and select the single battery with the highest residual power value in the battery pack 40, for the instantaneous power residue. In the case, a new charging mode is calculated, and then the external power source 45 outputs the voltage value, the current value, and the frequency value of the pulse charging mode. When the external power source 45 adjusts the charging voltage and current value to a critical point of the cell with the highest residual value of the current amount 201223070 in the battery pack 40, the single cell can hardly increase the capacity, and other residual power values are relatively low. The battery cells can continue to be charged, and this work will enable all the battery cells in the battery pack 40 to achieve uniformity of power and achieve a balanced purpose. The value of this technology is that it only utilizes the instant calculation and mastery of the internal chemical composition of the battery, and precisely controls the working mode and output of the external power supply 45 without the assistance of other energy-consuming devices and electric energy transfer devices. Efficient and low-cost achieves the goal of balancing the battery, reducing product complexity, failures, and concerns. Please refer to FIG. 5, which is a partial circuit diagram of a third aspect of the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the battery pack 50 is of a series type, and the battery cells B21, B22, B23, etc. are respectively connected to the electromagnetic coupling transformer 52. The transformer windings T22, T27, and Τ28 are coils in the same transformer. The switch module 53 is composed of a plurality of transistors. The main control terminal (not shown) can output a PWM pulse signal, which can adjust the width of the PWM pulse signal. Determine the transfer power of the transformer. During the charging process of the battery pack 50, if it is detected that the battery cell Β21 has the highest voltage and the Β22 has the lowest voltage, the main φ terminal outputs the high-frequency PWM pulse signal to turn on the switch module 53, and at this time, the winding Τ22 stores the energy. In the magnetic core, the winding turns 21 are clamped to a certain fixed voltage value by the induced voltage, and the rectifying diode D28 is turned on and the battery cells 22 are equally charged. However, a partial circuit diagram of a third aspect of the battery equalization apparatus is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a partial circuit diagram of a fourth aspect of the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention. As described above, the battery equalization device includes a monitoring module 61, an electromagnetic coupling transformer 62 that connects the battery pack 60, a switch module 63, a main control module 64, and an active power source 65. The battery pack 60 may include a plurality of battery cells connected in series, such as the battery pack 1 and the battery pack 2 to the battery Bn. The monitoring module 61 is used to [s] 12 201223070 monitor the status of each battery in the battery pack. The electromagnetic coupling transformer 62 has a plurality of windings corresponding to the plurality of series connected batteries. The main control module 64 controls the switch module 63 according to the state of each battery obtained by the monitoring module 61 and sets the equalization potential of the electromagnetic coupling transformer 62, and then the active power source 65 supplies the charging current via the switch module 63 to make the electromagnetic An electromagnetic coupling effect is generated between the plurality of windings of the coupling transformer 62 to charge the batteries to the equalization potential. However, a partial circuit diagram of the fourth aspect of the battery equalization apparatus is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Please refer to Fig. 7, which is a flow chart of the operation of one embodiment of the battery equalization method of the present invention. In step S71, the state of each battery in the battery pack is monitored first. In step S72, when the state difference between the plurality of batteries exceeds a preset trigger condition, at least one battery in the battery pack stores energy in the corresponding winding. In step S73, an electromagnetic coupling effect is generated between the plurality of windings of the electromagnetic coupling transformer to equalize the battery in the battery pack. In a specific implementation, the foregoing step S71 may include the steps of monitoring the state of each battery in the battery pack to detect the battery having the highest voltage and the lowest voltage among the plurality of batteries, and the step S72 may include the highest voltage and the lowest voltage. The difference in voltages • the step of causing the highest voltage battery to store energy in the corresponding winding when the pre-set trigger condition is exceeded, and step S73 may include causing an electromagnetic coupling effect between the plurality of windings of the electromagnetic coupling transformer The lowest voltage battery is charged. In another embodiment, step S73 can include causing an electromagnetic coupling effect between a plurality of windings of the electromagnetic coupling transformer to charge or discharge a particular battery in the battery pack. Please refer to FIG. 8 , which is a flow chart showing the operation of another embodiment of the battery equalization method of the present invention. In step S81, the state of each battery in the battery pack is first monitored. In step S82, when the state difference between the plurality of batteries exceeds a preset touch [S) 13 201223070 condition, the equalization potential of the electromagnetic coupling transformer is set. In step S83, an active power source is supplied with a charging current to cause an electromagnetic coupling effect between the plurality of windings of the electromagnetic coupling transformer to charge the batteries to the equalizing potential. In summary, the battery equalization device and method of the present invention have the following advantages: (1) no additional energy consumption through the resistor, reducing energy waste; (2) increasing the energy of the plurality of series batteries in the battery pack for equalization Conversion efficiency, in order to improve the service life of the battery; (3) charging the battery pack with the active power supply so that the voltage of each battery is clamped at the set equalization potential, preventing the problem of insufficient equalization current when the battery pack is self-balanced, so It can be applied to all kinds of battery packs; (4) Forming all the windings of the corresponding battery cells in a single transformer, solving the inductive battery equalization technology in the prior art due to the mass, volume and circuit layout of a large number of voltage devices Difficult; (5) The invention can design the energy generated by the electromagnetic coupling effect to be equalized and charged directly to the individual battery cells without inputting energy back to the main control circuit for current distribution, thereby greatly reducing energy waste. The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations of the above-described embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be as set forth in the scope of the patent application described later. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a first aspect of a battery equalization apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 2 is an architectural diagram of a second aspect of the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a fourth aspect of the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a partial circuit of a third aspect of the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a partial circuit diagram of a fourth aspect of the battery equalization apparatus of the present invention; [S] 14 201223070 FIG. 7 is an operation flowchart of a battery and a specific embodiment of the present invention. FIG. The operation flow of another specific embodiment of the battery map and method of the present invention
【主要元件符號說明】[Main component symbol description]
23 、 33 、 43 、 53 、 63 __ 24 、 34 、 44 、 64 ~~~~~~ 45、65 開關模組23, 33, 43, 53, 63, __ 24, 34, 44, 64 ~~~~~~ 45, 65 switch module
步驟 主控模組 主動電源 S51-S53 > S61-S63 [S1 15Step Main control module Active power supply S51-S53 > S61-S63 [S1 15