TW201044341A - Shaped frontlight reflector for use with display - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to minimize the footprint of a display module, a frontlight system positioned over a first surface of a substrate may be used. The frontlight system may include an edgebar positioned over the first surface of a display substrate, and a Z-shaped reflector having a first planar portion overlying the edgebar and a second planar portion adhered to the first surface of the substrate or layers overlying the first surface of the substrate. Such a reflector may be located wholly within the footprint of the display substrate, minimizing the footprint of the display module.

Description

201044341 VI. Description of the Invention: [Prior Art] Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) include micromechanical components, actuators, and electronic devices. Micromechanical components can be created to form electrical and electromechanical devices using etching, etching, and/or other micromachining processes that etch away portions of the substrate and/or deposited material layers or add layers. One type of device is called an interference modulator. As used herein, the term "interferometric modulator" or "interferometric light modulator" refers to a device that uses optical interference principles to selectively absorb and/or reflect light. In some embodiments, the interference modulator can include a pair of conductive plates, one or both of which can be fully or partially transparent and/or reflective, and capable of applying an appropriate electrical signal After the relative movement. In a particular embodiment, one plate may comprise a fixed layer deposited on the substrate and the other plate may comprise a metal film separated from the fixed layer by an air gap. As described in more detail herein, the position of one plate relative to the other can change the optical interference of light incident on the interferometric modulator. It would be beneficial for such devices to have a wide range of applications and to utilize and/or modify the characteristics of such devices in the art such that their features can be used to retrofit existing products and to create new products that have not yet been developed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, a display module includes a transparent substrate including a first surface and a second surface, and an edge bar optically communicating with a light source. Located above the first surface of the substrate; adjacent to the edge of the film and optically communicating with the edge before the light film, wherein the front film is configured to pass light through the light transmissive substrate; and - the reflector, the reflection 146039.doc 201044341 The thief includes a first substantially flat portion overlying the rim and a second substantially flat knive, the second substantially flat portion being above the surface of the substrate and from the rim Lateral shift. In another aspect, a pivoting assembly is provided for use in a display module. The edge rod is comprised of a rim rod configured to pass through the -th surface Receiving light and reflecting light 35 through a second surface orthogonal to the first surface, and a reflector configured to clamp the edge rod, the back reflector comprising a configuration configured to cover the edge a substantially planar portion and a second substantially planar portion configured to adhere to the underlying layer, wherein one of the second substantially planar portions is substantially coplanar with a lower surface of the rim and the rim The rod is held by the reflector. In another aspect, a method of assembling a display module is provided, the method comprising: providing a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the substrate including a display formed over the first surface An array and a light guiding layer above the second surface, wherein the light guiding layer is positioned opposite to the display array; positioning an edge rod relative to the substrate such that the first surface of the edge is adjacent to the guiding Positioning a side surface of the light layer; and providing a reflector over the first surface of the substrate such that the reflector holds the rim clip in position. The reflector includes an overlying edge The first substantial portion of the rod • an upper flat portion and a second substantially flat portion displaced from the edge rod and adhered to the underlying layer. • [Embodiment] The following detailed description is directed to certain specific embodiments. However, the teachings herein can be applied in a number of different ways. In this description, see Figure 146039.doc 201044341, where similar parts always display images with similar numbers (whether moving images (for example, can be configured, for example, still images), and the text is ~) Or any embodiment of a still image (such as a dream w φ I ^ '., a text image or a picture image). One foot will be 弋吕之, it is expected that these embodiments can be blocked, such as (but not limited to) the following various electronic devices associated with the temple: mobile phone towel or one hai (ΡΠΑ \ ^ L ... line clothing, personal data Assistant computer, portable computer, GPS receiver/navigator, phase: benefit, camcorder, game console, watch, clock, meter, TV monitor, tablet, display, computer monitoring Vehicle display (for example, odometer display one temple) horse cabin controller and / or display, camera field of view display 后, rear view camera display in the vehicle '), electronic photos, electronic billboards or electronic markers, projectors , Architecture: Construction, packaging, and aesthetics (eg, imagery on a piece of jewelry): / MEMS devices similar in structure to their MEMS devices described herein can also be used in non-display applications such as electronic switching devices. In embodiments where an interference modulator is used as the display device, it may be desirable to minimize the footprint of the display module. - Two modes can be added: :: The component occupying the area is a rim for use in a front-light system. By completely locating the , and associated reflectors on the same side of the display glass or other substrate, the occupation of the display module can be reduced by avoiding extending beyond the perimeter of the display glass: additional rigid components. area. A substantially Z-shaped reflector having a first flat portion of the overlying edge cup and a second flat soil portion adhered to the substrate or other underlying layer is suitable for use with the second set configured in this manner. 146039.doc 201044341 An embodiment of a dry display including an interference Mem s韶-_ MS display is illustrated in FIG. In these devices, the Decoshi pixels are in a bright or dark state. In the bright ("relaxed" or "open") state, the display element reflects most of the incident visible light to (4). # When in the dark ("_ or "off") state, the display element reflects almost no visible light to the user. Depending on the embodiment, the light reflection properties of the "on" and "off" states can be made. MEMS pixels can be configured to reflect 'mainly at selected color' to allow for color display in addition to black and white. ^ Two of the pixels are adjacent to a MEMS interferometric modulator. Figure 1 is an isometric view depicting a series of visual displays in which each pixel includes an array of interferometric modulators comprising one of these interferometric modulators. Each of the interference modulators includes a pair of reflective layers positioned at a variable and controllable distance from one another to form a resonant optical gap having at least one variable dimension. In an embodiment, the

One of the isotropic layers can move between two positions. In the first position (referred to herein as the relaxed position), the movable reflective layer is positioned at a relatively large distance from a fixed partially reflective layer. In the second position (referred to herein as the actuated position), the movable reflective layer is positioned closer to the partially reflective layer. The incident light reflected from the two layers is constructively interfered or destructively interposed depending on the position of the movable reflective layer, thereby producing an overall reflective or non-reflective state for each pixel. The pixel array portion depicted in Figure 1 includes two adjacent interferometric modulators 12a and 12b. In the interferometric modulator 1 on the left, the movable reflective layer 14& is illustrated as being in a relaxed position 146039.doc 201044341 from the optical stack 16a by a predetermined distance. The light-emitting stack l6a includes a portion of the reflective layer. In the interference modulator 12b on the right, the movable reflective layer 14b is illustrated as being in an actuated position adjacent the optical stack 16b. Optical stacks 16a and i6b (collectively referred to as optical stacks 16) as used herein generally comprise a plurality of fused layers, which may comprise an electrode layer such as indium tin oxide (ITO), a partial reflection such as chrome Layer and a transparent dielectric. The optical stack 16 is thus electrically conductive, partially transparent, and partially reflective, and can be fabricated, for example, by depositing one or more of the above layers on a transparent substrate 20. The partially reflective layer can be formed from a variety of materials that are partially reflective, such as 'various metal' semiconductors and dielectrics. The partially reflective layer can be formed from one or more layers of material, and each of the layers can be formed from a single material or a combination of materials. In some embodiments, the layers of optical stack 16 are patterned into parallel strips and may form column electrodes in a display device as described further below. The movable reflective layer 14a, 14b can be formed as - or a series of parallel strips of a plurality of deposited metal layers (orthogonal to the column electrodes 16a, 16b) to form a deposition on _ and an intervening sacrificial material (deposited between the pillars 18) Multiple rows on top of it. When the sacrificial material is etched away, the movable reflective layers 14a, 14b and the optical stacks 16a 16b are separated by a - defined gap 19. A highly conductive and reflective material such as aluminum can be used for the reflective layer 14, and such strips can form row electrodes in a display device. & 'Yu' is not drawn to scale. In some embodiments, the spacing between the posts 18 can be about (10) um and the gap 19 can be about < 1000 angstroms. Illustrated by the pixel 丨 2a in Fig. 1, the gap 19 is held between the movable reflective layer 14a and the optical stack 16a without applying a voltage, wherein the movable reflective layer 14a is in a mechanically relaxed state. However, when a potential (voltage) difference is applied to the selected column and row, the capacitor formed at the intersection of the column electrode and the row electrode at the corresponding pixel becomes charged, and the electrostatic force pulls the electrodes together. If the voltage is sufficiently high, the movable reflective layer 变形4 is deformed and pressed against the optical stack 16. A dielectric layer (not illustrated in this figure) within optical stack 16 prevents shorting and separates the separation distance between layers 14 and 16, as illustrated by actuating pixel 12b on the right in Figure 1 . This property is irrelevant to the polarity of the applied potential difference. 2 through 5 illustrate an exemplary method and system for using an array of interference modulators in a display application. 2 is a system block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an electronic device that can incorporate an interference modulator. The electronic device includes a processor 21, which can be any general purpose single or multi-chip microprocessor (such as ARM®, ❹

Penti 8, 8. 51, MIPS positive, p_ pc 2 or ALpH^), or any dedicated microprocessor (such as a digital signal processor, microcontroller or programmable gate array). As is known in the art, the processor can be configured to execute - or multiple software modules. In addition to executing the f system, the processor can be configured to execute one or more software applications, including web browsing programs, telephony applications, email programs, or any other software application. In the real: processor 21 is also configured to communicate with the array driver 22. In the embodiment, the array driver 22 includes the array of panels or the panel of the panel. The cross section of the array illustrated in Figure 6 is shown by line 1-1 in FIG. . Note that although the 3χ3 array of interferometric modulators is illustrated for clarity in Figure 2, the display array 30 can contain a large number of interferometric modulators, and the number of interferometric modulators in the columns of the display array 3〇 and inter-row interference The number of modulators is different (for example, 300 pixels per column by 9 pixels per row). 3 is a diagram of movable mirror position versus applied voltage for an exemplary embodiment of the interference modulator of FIG. For MEMS interferometric modulators, the column/row actuation protocol can utilize the hysteresis properties of such devices as illustrated in FIG. put one's oar in

The modulator may require, for example, a 1 G volt potential difference to deform the movable layer from a relaxed state to an actuated state. However, as the voltage decreases from the value, the movable layer maintains its state as the voltage drops back below 1 volt. In Figure 3: In the non-limiting embodiment, the movable layer is completely relaxed until it drops below 2 volts. Therefore, there is a voltage range (example 2: 々3 V to 7 V illustrated in Figure 3). In this case, there is an applied voltage window in which the device is stable in a relaxed state or Dynamic state. This window

In this paper, it is called "hysteresis window" or "stability window". For a display array with a hysteresis characteristic, the J仃 actuation protocol can be set to pass the voltage difference of the volts to be actuated in the selected column during the column strobe, and is to be relaxed. The circuit is exposed to a voltage difference of approximately zero volts at approximately 10 M. After the pass-through, the pixel is exposed to a voltage difference of approximately 5 volts to obtain a J: 徂 认 1 疋 疋 匕, or partial吏仵 It stays in the example of being strobed, and after being written, every stupid sound is stunned. The potential difference in "< pixel experiences 3 volts to 7 pieces of stability window". This feature allows the pre-existing actuation or slack in the pixels of the graph that are stable under the same applied voltage conditions. 146039.doc 10 201044341 State. Because the interference 辔 辔 像素 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质 本质There is almost no power dissipation. If you want + Hi to flow into the pixel. " Plus the potential is fixed, there is essentially no current as described further below, and also in the application of 丨廄田Α仕/,i According to the first in the first to actuate the pixel set across the r 夂 wood times w (four) 仃 electrode set developed poor material signal set

❹ (Everyone has a material, and the singularity of the singularity of the singularity of the singularity of the singularity of the singularity). A column pulse is then applied to the first column of the column electrode to actuate the pixel corresponding to the set of data signals. The set of data signals is then changed to correspond to the set of desired pixels in the first column. A pulse is then applied to the second column electrode ' to actuate the appropriate pixel in the second column based on the data signal. The first column of pixels is unaffected by the second column of pulses and remains in the state it was set to during the first column pulse. This process can be repeated for the entire series in a sequential manner to produce a frame. In general, the frame is renewed and/or updated with new image data by continuously repeating the process at a desired number of frames per second. A wide variety of protocols for driving the column electrodes and row electrodes of the pixel array to produce an image frame can be used. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate one possible actuation protocol for producing a display frame on the 3x3 array of Figure 2. Figure 4 illustrates a possible set of row voltage levels and column voltage levels that can be used to exhibit the pixel of the hysteresis curve of Figure 3. In the Figure 4 embodiment, actuating a pixel involves setting the appropriate row to _Vbias and the appropriate column to +AV, -Vbias& +AV may correspond to _5 volts and +5 volts, respectively. Pixel relaxation is achieved by setting the appropriate row to +Vbias and setting the appropriate column to the same 146039.doc 201044341 ^ΔV (so that the pixel produces a zero volt potential difference). In the case where the column voltage is maintained at zero volts, the pixel is stable in any state in which it was originally located, and the row is at +Wp or _ν_. As also illustrated in Figure 4, the use of the opposite of the polarity of the (4) described above, such as 'actuation-pixels, may involve setting the appropriate row to +U to set the appropriate column to Μ. In this embodiment, pixel release is achieved by setting the appropriate row to -vbias and setting the appropriate column to the same _Λν (and thus the pixel produces a zero volt potential difference). Figure 5A shows the % sequence diagram of the column array and row signals applied to the array of 3 ports of Figure 2, which will result in the apparent configuration of the 砀 夕 _ 亦 图 图 图 in Figure 5a ( It makes the actuated pixels non-reflective). In the frame illustrated in Figure 5A, the pixels can be in any shape, ^- and in this example, all columns are initially at 0 volts and all rows In the 5 mantle 5 gang. The voltage is thus applied, and all pixels are stabilized in their existing actuated or relaxed state. In the frame of Fig. 5A, the pixels 〇 〗 〖; U, 2) (2, 2), (3, 2) and (3, 3) are actuated. To achieve this, during line time, line 1 and line 2 are set to -5 volts, and the rod q < master 仃3δ is again reduced to +5 volts. Since all pixels 1^ remain in a stable window of 3 to 7 volts, the situation does not change the state of any of the pixels. Next, the column is gated by a pulse that rises to 5 volts and returns to zero.冉 隋 隋 致 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Requires 2^ pixels in the array to be unaffected. In order to set V to -5 volts and set line 1 and line 3 to +5 plex. ...the same strobe of column 2 will be connected to the element (2, υ and relaxation. In addition, the array. #moving pixels (2, 2) and making other pixels like the early columns are not affected. By 146039.doc 201044341 by the line 2 and row 3 are set to -5 volts and the row 丨 is set to +5 volts and column 3 is similarly set. Column 3 strobe sets the column 3 pixels, as shown in Figure 5 VIII. After writing the frame, The column potential is zero and the row potential can be maintained at +5 volts or _5 volts, and the display is then stabilized in the configuration of Figure 5A. The same procedure can be used for arrays of dozens or hundreds of columns and rows. The general principles outlined herein are widely varied to perform the timing, sequence, and dust levels of column and row actuation, and the examples are merely exemplary #, and any actuating voltage method can be used. Used in conjunction with the systems and methods described herein.Figures 6A and 6B are system block diagrams illustrating one embodiment of a display device 4. For example, the display device 4 can be a cellular or mobile phone. The same components of the display device 40 or slight variations thereof also illustrate various types of display devices (such as televisions) And a portable media player. '11 The display device 4 includes a housing 41, a display 30, an antenna 43, a speaker 45, an input device 48, and a microphone 46. Generally, in various manufacturing processes (including injection molding and vacuum forming) Either of them can form the outer shell. Alternatively, the outer casing can be made of any of a variety of materials including, but not limited to, plastic, metal, glass, rubber, and ceramics. In an embodiment, the housing 41 includes a removable portion (not shown) that can be interchanged with other removable portions having different colors or containing different private identities, pictures or symbols. The display 3 of the exemplary display device 40 can be Any of a variety of displays, including bi-stable displays as described herein, in any other embodiment, the display device 30 includes a flat panel display (the &, as described above, the m STN LCD or TFT LCD), or non-flat panel display I46039.doc •13· 201044341 (such as CRT or other camp 4), however, for the purpose of describing the embodiment, the display 3 includes The components of the embodiment of the interferometric modulator exemplary display device 4A, G are schematically illustrated in Figure 6B. The illustrated example _" 41 and may include additional components at least partially enclosed in j:, for example, in an embodiment, the exemplary display device 4G includes a network interface 27, the network interface 27 An antenna 43 coupled to the transceiver 47 is included. The transceiver 47 is coupled to the processor 2 and the processor 21 is coupled to the conditioning hardware 52. The conditioning hardware 52 can be configured to adjust W (e.g., 'filter the signal'). The adjustment hardware 52 is connected to the speaker like a microphone 46. The processor 21 is also coupled to the input device-like driver control: the 29° driver controller 29 is coupled to the frame buffer 28 and the array drive array driver 22 is coupled to the display array 3A.胄 Source Provider % is shown in a specific example | The 40 design needs to provide power to all of the components. The network interface 27 includes an antenna 43 and a transceiver 47' such that the illustrative display device 40 can communicate with one or more devices over a network. In an embodiment, the network interface 27 may also have some processing power to alleviate the requirements of the processor 21. Antenna 43 is any antenna for transmitting and receiving signals. In one embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 standard, including IEEE 8〇2 u(a), (b), or (g). In another embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals in accordance with the Bluetooth (BLUET00TH) standard. In the case of a cellular ellipse, the antenna is designed to receive CDMA, GSM, AMPS, W-CDMA, or other signals that are used to communicate within the wireless handset network. Transceiver 47 preprocesses the signals received from antenna 43 such that the signals are received by processor 21 and are manipulated by the processor (four). Also, the pure money 1 is processed (10) so that the signals can be transmitted from the exemplary display device 40 via the antenna 43. • In an alternative embodiment, the transceiver 47 can be replaced by a - receiver #. In still another alternative embodiment, the network interface 27 can be replaced by an image source that can store or generate image material to be sent to the processor 21. For example, 影像 >^, the image material is a digital video disc (DVD) or a hard disk drive containing image data or a software module for generating image data. The processor 21 generally controls the overall operation of the exemplary display device 4A. (4) Receiving data (such as dust from the network interface 27 or image source) and processing the material into original image data or processing it into a format that is easy to use. Processor 21 then sends the processed data to drive controller 29 or to the frame buffer for storage. Raw material usually refers to information that identifies the characteristics of an image at each location within an image. For example, such image characteristics may include color, saturation, and gray scale. The processor 21 in the actual package includes the operation of a microcontroller, cpu or logic unit W to control the exemplary display device 40. The conditioning hardware 52 generally includes an amplifier and a data filter for transmitting signals to the speaker 45 and for receiving signals from the microphone 46. The conditioning hardware 52 can be a discrete component within the exemplary display device 40 or can be incorporated into the processor 21 or other components. The drive controller 29 directly retrieves the original image data generated by the processor 21 from the processor 2! or from the frame buffer 28 and reformats the original image material 146039.doc • 15- 201044341 as appropriate. Transfer to the array driver 22 at high speed. In particular, the drive controller 29 reformats the raw image material into a stream of data in a raster format such that it has a temporal order suitable for scanning across the display array 3. Driver controller 29 then sends the formatted information to array driver 22. While the driver controller 29, such as an LCd controller, is often associated with the system processor as a separate integrated circuit (IC), such controllers can be implemented in a number of ways. It can be embedded in the processor 21 as a hardware, embedded in the processor 21 as a software, or fully integrated with the array driver 22 in a hardware form. Typically, array driver 22 receives the formatted information from driver controller 29 and reformats the video data into a set parallel (four) that is applied to the x-y pixel matrix from the display hundreds of times per second and Sometimes even thousands of leads. In the embodiment, driver controller 29, array driver 22, and display array 30 are suitable for any of the types of displays described herein. For example, in the embodiment, the driver controller 29 is conventionally known as: control: or bistable display control. For example, the interference modulator is controlled by another, and the array driver (4) is a conventional driver. Or sell the p display driver (for example, the interference modulator display in an implementation hit, the drive controller 29 and the array drive cry into a cellular phone, hand ... U integration. This implementation _ bee-style U watch and other small area display ΓCommon. In another solid, display array bucket = array or a bistable display array column display). For example, the "includes" interferometric array J46039.doc 201044341 The wheeling device 4 8 allows the user to control the operation of the device 40 at the same time. In the yoke example, the wheeling device 48 includes a small key

铋 boat bucket, two hard drives (such as QWERTY

Keyboard or phone keypad), buttons, switches Y ant love 綦, pressure sensitive or sensitive film. In one embodiment, the microphone is used to enter the garment. When the microphone 46 is used to wheel the data, Wang Yi is provided with a voice command for controlling the operation of the exemplary display device 4 by Weir.

Electric = device 5. A plurality of energy storages as are well known in the art may be included. Also in the example, the power supply 5 is a rechargeable battery such as a "pool or a clock ion battery. In another embodiment, the power supply 5" is Renewable energy, capacitors or solar cells (including plastic solar cells and solar cell coatings). In another embodiment 'power supply H5G is configured to receive power from a wall outlet. As explained above, in some implementations Controllability resides in a driver controller that can be located in several places in an electronic display system. In some cases, control programmability resides in the array driver. The optimization described above can be implemented. It can be implemented in any number of hardware and/or software components and can be implemented in a variety of configurations. The details of the structure of the interference modulator operating in accordance with the original teachings described above can vary widely. For example, Figure 7A Figure 5A illustrates a cross-section of the movable reflective layer 14 and its support structure. Figure 7A is a cross section of the embodiment of Figure 1 with the strip of metal material 14 deposited in orthogonal extension On the support member 18. In Fig. 7B, the movable reflective layer 14 of each of the interference modulators has a square or rectangular shape and is attached to the support only at the corners on the tie bolt 32. In Fig. 7C, The moving reflective layer 14 is square or rectangular in shape and is suspended from a deformable layer 34. The deformable layer 34 can comprise a flexible metal. The deformable layer 34 is directly or indirectly around the periphery of the deformable layer 34. The ground is connected to the substrate 2. These connections are referred to herein as support posts. The embodiment illustrated in Figure 7D has support post plugs 42 'the deformable layer 34 rests on the support post plugs 42. The moving reflective layer 14 remains suspended above the gap (as in Figures 7A-7C) 'but the deformable layer 34 does not form a support post by filling the hole between the deformable layer 34 and the optical stack 16. More specifically The support column is formed of a planarizing material to form the support post plug 42. The embodiment of Figure 7E is based on the embodiment shown in Figure 7 D, but can also be adapted And with any of the embodiments illustrated in Figures 7A through 7C And the additional embodiments not shown work together. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7E, 'the busbar structure 44 is formed using an additional layer of metal or other conductive material. This situation allows the signal to be directed along the back of the interference modulator. , thereby eliminating a number of electrodes that may otherwise have to be formed on the substrate 2 . In embodiments such as those shown in Figure 7, the interference modulator acts as a direct view device, wherein the image is viewed from the front side of the transparent substrate 20 The side is opposite the other side on which the modulator is disposed. In these embodiments, the reflective layer 14 optically shields portions of the interfering modulator on the side of the reflective layer opposite the substrate 2 (including deformable Layer 34) This situation allows the shielded area to be configured and operated without negatively affecting image quality. For example, this shielding allows the busbar structure 44 of Figure 7E to provide the ability to separate the optical properties of the modulator from the electromechanical properties of the modulator, such as addressing and movement resulting from the addressing. This detachable modulator architecture allows the structural design and materials used for the electromechanical and optical aspects of the modulator to be selected and functioning. Moreover, the embodiment shown in Figures 7C through 7E has the added benefit of the optical property f of the self-reflecting layer and its mechanical f (executed by the deformable layer). This situation allows the structural design and materials for the reflective layer to be optimized with respect to the nature of the light, and the structural design and materials for the deformable layer 34 are optimized with respect to the desired mechanical properties. In some implementations, the interference modulation transition can be used as a display array in a display module. The array of interferometric modulators can be formed on or above the first surface of the light transmissive or substantially transparent substrate, and the array can be viewed through a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface.

Because the interferometric modulator array can be a reflective display, illumination can be provided by a front light system configured to allow light to propagate throughout the interference modulator, typically by means of total internal reflection (TIR). A light transmissive guiding layer between the array and the viewer, and reflecting light toward the array at a plurality of locations throughout the front light film to provide substantially uniform illumination across the surface of the array. The light reflected towards the array of interferometric modulators can then be interferingly modulated and reflected back through the light guiding layer and toward the viewer. In some embodiments, a light transmissive substrate can be used as the light directing layer, and in other embodiments, a separate light directing layer can be provided. In a particular embodiment, as will be discussed in more detail below, the light directing layer can comprise a dedicated front light film on or above the surface of the substrate. The light directing layer can comprise reflective features in or adjacent to the light directing layer to reflect light toward the array of interferometric modulators. 8A and 8B illustrate an embodiment of a display module 1 in which a substrate is used as a 'light layer. As noted above in the specification and as described in more detail below, in other embodiments, a dedicated light guiding layer may be provided adjacent to the substrate. In Fig. 8A, 146039.doc -19-201044341 shows that the display module 100 includes a substrate 102 that supports an array of interference modulators 位于1〇 on the first surface 1-4 of the substrate. The backing plate 112 sealed to the first surface 104 of the substrate 10 overlies the interferometric array 11 and protects the interferometric array U0. Interferometric modulator array 110 can be viewed by a viewer via second surface 106 of substrate 100. In some embodiments, the calendering system includes a point source (such as an LED). It should be understood that although described as a point source, the light source can include one or more LEDs or other light sources adjacent one another. Light emitted from the light source can be directed into the rim, where the rim is configured to convert the point source into a line source. In Fig. 8B, it can be seen that the display module 100 includes a light source in the form of an LED MO positioned adjacent to the side surface K6b of the rim 12. A rim (such as the rim 12 of Figures 8A and 8B) can be positioned proximate to the light guiding layer such that light is reflected from the rim into the light guiding layer and before being reflected toward the array of modulators Spread through the entire light guide layer. Thus, a source such as [ED or other point A source can be positioned "from the or region of the edge" such that light emitted from the & source will enter the edge. The exiting table of the rim: or the region may be positioned adjacent to the incident surface of the or each of the light guiding layers such that light is directed out of the rim to reach the light guiding layer. In some embodiments, the rim can be positioned to the side of the light transmissive substrate and can be tightly placed in the appropriate position via the frame. The surface adjacent to the front surface of the light-transmissive substrate can thus be used as an exit area of the edge rod, and a portion orthogonal to the surface or surface of the exit surface can be used as an injection area. In a particular embodiment, the entirety or - portion of the side surface (not the upper or lower surface) of the rim serves as the injection zone. The light source in the form of an LED can thus be placed adjacent to the side surface of the edge rod 146039.doc -20· 201044341 bit. In the embodiment of Fig. 8A, it can be seen that the edge of the display module 1 is positioned adjacent to the side surface ι 8 of the substrate 102, and the substrate 〇2 serves as a light guiding layer. The rim 12 〇 front surface 124a is in optical communication with the substrate 102 such that the front surface 124 & serves as the exit region of the rim 120. A portion of the edge side surface 126b adjacent to the LED 140 serves as an edge entry region. Since light from a point source can enter the rim at a wide range of angles, a certain amount of light loss can occur when the light is not totally internally reflected. This amount is not satisfactory. As can be seen in Figures 8A and 8B, a reflector such as reflector 13 can be positioned adjacent one or more surfaces of the rim that are not used as an injection or exit region. In a particular embodiment, one or more reflectors can be positioned adjacent to all or all of these surfaces in order to minimize light loss from the rim. A reflector can be provided that covers all or most of the remaining surface of the rim and the reflector can extend over at least a portion of the substrate to not block a portion of the array of interferometric modulators. When the side surface of the rim is used as the injection area of the rim, the reflector may cover at least the upper surface and the lower surface of the rim and the back surface of the rim (which is positioned opposite the exit surface). It should be understood that although the reflector may also cover the side surface opposite the incident region and the light source, the reflector may be referred to as "(:J-shaped reflector.) With respect to Figure 8A, it can be seen that the reflector 130 covers the upper surface of the edge rod 122 & At least a portion of the rim back surface 124b and the rim lower surface 122b, thereby forming a C shape as seen in the cross section. It can also be seen that the reflector 13 〇 covers at least a portion of the rim side surface 126a and The rim side surface 12 is not filled 146039.doc • 21 201044341 is used as part of the lance injection portion. The reflector 130 is illustrated as extending partially onto the substrate 1 〇 2, but in some embodiments, the reflector 130 It may extend only over the rim or may extend over a portion of the substrate 1 〇 2 that is larger or smaller than the embodiment of Figure 8, and the upper and lower portions of the reflector 130 may have different lengths. ) may also be placed on the surface of the display module, and in some embodiments may be placed on the same side of the substrate as the array of interferometric modulators. As discussed above, in some embodiments, the frame (not shown It can be used to secure the reflector 130 and the rim 12〇 in position. In the illustrated embodiment, light emitted from the LED 14A enters the rim 120 via the side surface 126b and is slid into the rim 12 The component reflects through the front surface 124a. The light then propagates through the substrate 1〇2, which acts as a light guiding layer, until it is reflected toward the array 11. The light is reflected toward the interference modulator array 11, which can be located Reflecting elements within or adjacent to the light guiding layer upper surface 104 or adjacent to the light guiding layer surface 104. In some embodiments, additional layers (not shown) having such reflective elements can be formed On the upper surface 104 of the substrate 102. It can be seen that placing the edge rod 120 along the side surface 106 of the substrate enlarges the occupied area of the display module 100. In an embodiment such as a display module for an electronic device, it is necessary to borrow The footprint of the display is minimized by changing the shape of the rim 120 and the shape of the reflector J3. Figure 9 is a partial cross-section of an alternative embodiment of the display module 200. The display module includes a backing plate 112 , the substrate 1〇2, the back Ιι2, fastened to the first side 104 of the substrate 102' to form a cavity 114' for protecting the array of interferometric modulators (not shown in I46039.doc -22-201044341). The rim 120' is located on the substrate 1〇 2. The second side of the second side ι 6 is positioned adjacent to the front light film 250, and the front light film 250 extends over the second surface 106 of the substrate 102, at least over a portion of the array of interference modulators. The upper edge of the rim 120 and toward the substrate 1 〇 2, the edge extends beyond the back edge 124 b ′. In contrast to the reflector 130 of FIGS. 8A-8B , the reflector 230 can be located on a single side of the substrate 102 . The reflector 230 includes a first substantially flat portion 232 and a second flat portion 2; 34 of the upper cover rod 0 120. It can be seen that the second flat portion 204 is laterally displaced from the edge rod 120 such that the second flat portion 204 does not overlie the edge rod 120, but is located between the substrate 1〇2 and the edge of the substrate 120' and the edge of the substrate. Part of the extension extends. The transition portion 236 (which is curved in the embodiment shown) connects the first flat portion 2 3 2 and the second - flat portion 234. As can be seen, the first flat portion 232 can extend over at least a portion of the front light film 250 to reflect additional light toward the front light film 250 to further minimize light loss from the edge rod 120'. In some embodiments, the first flat portion 232 does not extend to the point where the view of the array of interferometric modulators will be blurred. The display module 200 can include LEDs or other light sources (not shown in Figure 9) positioned adjacent the edge 120 in a manner similar to that depicted in Figure 8B. The electrical connection to the LED can be provided by a flexible printed circuit (FPC) 242 that can be positioned over the first flat portion 232 of the reflector 230, and can be provided for the LED by the stiffening member 244 overlying the FPC 242 Mechanical support. The LED can thus be hung below the FPC 242 and the stiffening member 244 such that the LED is positioned adjacent the edge of the rim 120, the side surface or adjacent edge 120, the side surface 146039.doc -23. 201044341. It can also be seen that in the illustrated embodiment, a layer of reflective material 260, such as a reflective strip, is located between the rim 120 and the second surface 〇6 of the substrate 102. The reflective strip acts as a reflector to prevent light loss from the bottom of the rim 12,. In addition, the reflective strip shields the driver integrated circuit 27 from the light emitted by the LED or from the edge rod 120, thereby allowing the ic 27A to be directly mounted on the first side 1b of the substrate 102', The interference modulator array (not shown) is adjacent to the upper or upper side. This positioning facilitates the formation of electrical connections between the IC 27 and the array of interferometric modulators. Light emitted by the LED in the absence of an underlying reflective strip can interfere with the operation of 1C (eg, by making 1 (: reset). Figure 10 is a display module 300 similar to module 200 of Figure 9; The display module 300 includes a substrate 102, and the substrate 1〇2 has an array of interference modulators attached to the lower side of the substrate 102" and a protective backplane ι4, 1C 270 can be The ends of the flexible strip 372 are adhered together to the underside of the substrate, and the flexible strip 372 can comprise printed circuitry or other electrical connections for interfacing with external components. An adhesive layer 38 can be provided. And 38 supplemented to secure certain components in place during the assembly process. An opaque film 382 may be provided to shield the 〇27〇 to protect it from stray light. The overlying substrate 102 is a front film 25 〇, and a reflective strip 26〇, and a protective film 390 can be formed on the front light film 25〇, and the reflective strip 26〇, above. In some embodiments, the 'protective film can include—in The layer after the display module ^ is assembled. In this embodiment, the protective film 39 is not under the display Below any other component of group 300 (this will inhibit the removal of the film, including the rim and the edge of the reflector, 32 〇 overlying reflective strips 146039.doc -24 - 201044341 260'. In the illustrated embodiment, the rim subassembly 320 includes a rim that is fastened to the reflector via a heat stake. The rim subassembly is discussed in more detail below. The reinforcement 244' is included The LED sub-assembly 340 of the LED flexible printed circuit 242' can support an underlying LED (not shown). The assembled 'module can be secured within the protective frame 392. Figures 11A through 11C are for Figure 10 shows various views of the reflector 305 in the rim assembly 320. The reflector 303 includes a first flat portion 402 of the lapped rod configured and positioned to be positioned adjacent the rim a second flat portion 404. The first flat portion 402 is coupled to the second flat portion 404 by a transition portion 4〇6 that extends from the second flat portion 404 to the first in a generally upward direction A flat portion 402. As best seen in Figure 11C, the transition portion 40 of the illustrated embodiment 6 includes a curved portion in which the transition portion 406 meets the first flat portion 402 and the second flat portion 404. The reflection 330 also includes a generally downwardly flank from the side of the first flat portion 4〇2 An extended protrusion. In detail, it can be seen that the first side surface 418a of the first flat portion 402 includes a protrusion 41 0 extending downward from the second flat portion from a position adjacent to the transition portion 4〇6, and The opposite side 418b of a flat portion 4〇2 includes a projection 4丨2 spaced apart from the transition region 4〇6. The opposing projection 412 on the side 418b is an open region 414 that extends between the transition region and the edge of the downwardly extending projection 412. This open area 414 allows the 5 o'clock LED or other source to be positioned adjacent to a rim clamped within the reflector 33 to emit light into the rim. It should be understood that the specific configuration of the reflector 330 is an exemplary configuration, and the configuration of the counter 134039.doc - 25· 201044341 can be varied in a number of ways. For example, in other embodiments, the side 418a of the reflector 330 can include a longer downwardly extending projection or a pair of downwardly extending projections rather than the proximity depicted in Figures 11A through 11c. The transition region 406 is positioned as a single downwardly extending projection 410. In other embodiments, the non-protrusion 4 1 2 can be located on the side 418b of the reflector 330. The reflection benefit 330 also includes an aperture extending through the first flat portion. This aperture 416 can be used to secure the rim relative to the reflector 33. Figure 12 depicts a rim 420 suitable for use with the reflector 330. As can be seen, the rim 420 includes an upwardly extending portion 422. At least the upwardly extending portion 422 of the rim 420 includes a material that is deformable when heated. The rim 42A also includes a projection 424 extending from a side portion of the rim 420. Figures 13A-13C illustrate various views of the rim assembly 32, in which the rim 420 is fastened relative to the reflector 33. In particular, Figure 13A is a perspective view of an exploded assembly view of the rim assembly 32, wherein the rim assembly 320 includes a reflector 33 〇 and an adhesive layer 322. The first flat portion 4〇2 of the reflector 330 is covered with the edge rod 330, and the adhesive layer 322 is under the second flat portion 4〇2. By adhering the second flat portion 404 to the underlying layer, the reflector 33 can be fixedly coupled to the underlying layer, thereby constraining the first flat portion 402 and being fastened below the first flat portion 4〇2 The rim 420 does not need to directly attach the rim 42 〇 to any underlying layer. It can also be seen that the upwardly extending portion of the rim 420 deforms after heating to flatten and extend outwardly. Although depicted in an exploded view, this deformation can be inserted into the upwardly extending portion 422 (see Figure 146039.doc -26-201044341 11A) through the aperture 419 in the first flat portion 4〇2 of the reflector 330 (see Figure ι2). ) happened afterwards. The upwardly extending portion can then be outwardly deformed to a size greater than the size of the aperture 419 to form the heat stake 422a and secure the rim 420 relative to the reflector 330. In Figure 13B, it can be seen that the space 414 along the side 418b of the reflector 33 is sized to permit the side surface 426 of the rim 420 to extend into the space 414 to expose the immersive surface 426. As discussed above, [ED or

Other light sources can be positioned adjacent side surface 426 to permit light from the LED to enter rim 426. The other side surface of the edge U0 extends. In Figure 13C, the visible portion 424 can be configured to interact fully with the downwardly extending projection of the reflector 33() to hold the rim in place. It can also be seen that the rim 42 刖 3 刖 surface 428 ′ the front surface 428 will face the front light film (not shown) through which the light will exit after being directed toward the front surface 428. While a wide variety of other reflective materials or materials coated with a reflective coating can be used, in some embodiments, such as the reflectivity of the reflector 33 = maintaining or increasing the inverse of the reflector via an electropolishing process: : Two ": A variety of other manufacturing processes, but in some embodiments, the reshaping can be shaped by an imprint process. In some embodiments, the edge of the helmet is the sound of the needle of the crying needle, and the length of the side of the mouth is adjacent to the surface that is facing the reflection. Specifically, the few points at which the rim can be held in place are sufficient to space the edge reflector at the W4 point adjacent to the reflector reflector. By spacing the rim at least slightly at some point, the internal surface of the 146039.doc -27· 201044341 is reflected on the inner surface of the rim, thereby reducing the light Light loss that may occur in the case of partial absorption by the reflector. 14A-14C depict the LED FPC sub-assembly 340 of FIG. In particular, Figure 14A illustrates an exploded assembly view of the LED sub-assembly 340 in a perspective view. The LED sub-assembly 340 includes a stiffener 244', an LED flexible printed circuit 242', and an LED 140'. The LED subassembly 340 also includes an adhesive layer 342a that is configured to adhere the stiffener 244' to the LED FPC 242' and is configured to adhere the LED subassembly 340 to a sub-assembly such as the edge sub-assembly. The adhesive layer 342b of the structure. An adhesive region 342c may also be provided to secure the outwardly extending portion 243 of the LED FPC 242' in place. As can be seen in Figure 14C, the outwardly extending portion 243 can include a connector in the form of an anode 344a and a cathode 344b for forming an electrical connection with the LED 140'. In the illustrated embodiment, when the LED FPC subassembly is adhered or otherwise secured to the underlying reflector subassembly, the stiffener 244' includes a substantially parallel extension of the rim (not shown). The longitudinal extension portion 246. Reinforcing member 244 also includes a laterally extending portion 247 on the side of reinforcing member 244' to which LED 140' will be attached. In the illustrated embodiment, the longitudinally extending portion 246 is substantially longer than the laterally extending portion 247, although it should be understood that in other embodiments, the length of any of the portions 246 and 247 can vary, and in other embodiments The stiffener 244' can take a different shape (such as a substantially rectangular shape). Because the stiffener 244' can be selected based solely on its mechanical properties, such as stiffness, a wide variety of materials can be used, including materials that are non-reflective or not highly reflective. In an embodiment, the stiffener 244' may comprise stainless steel 146039.doc -28- 201044341 steel but other suitable materials may be used. It should also be understood that the size and shape of the reinforcement member can be varied depending on the material and thickness of the reinforcement member 244. Various combinations of the above embodiments are possible. It is also to be understood that the text is specifically and clearly stated otherwise, or that the actions of any of the methods described herein may be performed in other sequences, or that the actions or events may be added, merged, or completely immersed (eg, Not all actions or events are necessary for the practice of such methods).而言 = = 'In some embodiments' the reflector may comprise an upper flange, a thousand and a flat knife that is displaced from the rim in a direction parallel to the rim to make The second flat portion is opposite the one-point source and the second flat portion and the light source are located on opposite sides of the rim. In its example, only the substrate may be optically opaque such that the surface of the IMOD is formed on the surface 106 and the backing plate 112' is an optically transparent material such that: the backsheet 112| is inspected by the thin D (ie, at It may be preferred in these embodiments that the 'plate 112' is referred to as a front plate), the weir 112, attached to the surface 106, and interposed between the front and the substrate. Other variations of the above description are possible. While the above-described embodiments have been shown and described, it is intended to be illustrative of the embodiments of the invention Various omissions, substitutions, and changes are made in the form and details of the device or process. It will be appreciated that the present invention may be embodied in a variety of features and benefits that are not described herein, as some features may be used or practiced separately from other features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a portion of an embodiment of an interference modulator display in which the movable reflective layer of the first-interference modulator is in a relaxed position. And the movable reflective layer of the second interference modulator is in the actuating position. Figure 2 is a system block diagram illustrating an embodiment of an electronic device having a 3x3 interferometric modulator display. 3 is a graph of movable mirror position versus applied voltage for an exemplary embodiment of the interference modulator of FIG. 1. Figure 4 is an illustration of the voltages that can be used to drive an array of interferometric modulator displays. 5A and 5B illustrate an exemplary timing diagram of one of the column and row signals that can be used to write a frame of display data to the 3 χ3 interferometric modulator display of FIG. 2. Figure 6 and Figure 6B are system block diagrams illustrating an embodiment of a visual display device comprising a plurality of interferometric modulators. Figure 7 is a cross section of the apparatus of Figure 1. Figure 7B is a cross section of an alternate embodiment of an interference modulator. ϋ Figure 7C is a cross section of another alternative embodiment of an interference modulator. Figure 70 is a cross section of yet another alternative embodiment of an interference modulator. Figure 7 is a cross section of an alternate embodiment of one of the interference modulators. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a display module in which the rim is positioned adjacent to the side surface of the display substrate. Figure 8B is a top plan view of a cross section of the display module of Figure 8A taken along line 8B-8B of Figure 8A. 146039.doc • 30· 201044341 Figure 9 is a partial cross-section of another embodiment of a display module including a Z-shaped reflector with an overlying edge. Fig. 10 is a perspective exploded assembly view of the display module, the display module including a Z-shaped reflector with an upper flange. Figure 11A is a perspective view of the reflector of Figure 10. Figure 11B is a bottom plan view of the reflector of Figure 11A. Figure 11C is a side elevational view of the reflector of Figure 11A. 0 Figure 12 is a perspective view of a rim suitable for use with the reflector of Figure 11A. Figure 13A is a perspective exploded assembly view of the secondary assembly of the rim including the reflector of Figure 11A. • Figure 13B is a perspective view of the assembled sub-assembly of Figure 13A. Figure 13C is a perspective view from below of the assembled sub-assembly of the assembly of Figure 13A. Fig. 14A is a perspective exploded view of the LED sub-assembly of Fig. 1 from the bottom view. Figure 14B is a bottom plan view of the LED sub-assembly of Figure 14A. Figure 14C is a perspective view from the top of the LED sub-assembly of Figure 14A. [Main component symbol description] 12a interference modulator 12b interference modulator 14 reflective layer 14a movable reflective layer 14b movable reflective layer 146039.doc 201044341 16 optical stack 16a optical stack 16b optical stack 18 pillar 19 gap 20 transparent substrate 21 Processor 22 Array Driver 24 Column Driver Circuit 26 Row Driver Circuit 27 Network Interface 28 Frame Buffer 29 Driver Controller 30 Display Array 32 Tie 34 Deformable Layer 40 Display Device 41 Housing 42 Branch Post Plug 43 Antenna 44 Bus structure 45 Speaker 46 Microphone 47 Transceiver 146039.doc ·32· 201044341

48 Input device 50 Power supply Is 52 Adjusting hardware 100 Display module 102 Substrate 102' Substrate 102" Substrate 104 First surface of substrate 104' First side of substrate 106 Second surface of substrate 106' Surface 108 Side surface of substrate 110 Interferometric Array 112 Backplane 112' Backplane 114' Cavity 114" Protective Backplane 120 Edge Rod 120' Edge Rod 122a Edge Rod Upper Surface 122b Edge Rod Lower Surface 124a Edge Front Surface 124a' Before Edge Surface 124b rim back surface 146039.doc -33- 201044341 126a rim side surface 126b rim side surface 130 reflector 140 LED 200 display module 230 reflector 232 first substantially flat portion 234 second flat portion 236 transition portion 242 Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) 242, LED Flexible Printed Circuit 243 Outwardly Extending Portion 244 Reinforcing Member 244' Reinforcement 246 Longitudinal Extension Portion 247 Lateral Extension Portion 250 Front Light Film 250' Front Light Film 260 Reflective Material Layer 270 driver integrated circuit 270' 1C 300 display module 320 edge rod sub-assembly 322 adhesive layer 146039.doc -34- 201044341 330 reflector 340 LED sub-assembly 342a adhesive layer 342b adhesive layer 342c bonding area 344a anode 344b cathode 372 flexible strip 380a adhesive layer 380b adhesive layer 382 opaque film 390 protective film 402 first flat Portion 404 second flat portion 406 transition portion 410 downwardly extending projection 412 projection 414 opening region 418a first flat portion first side 418b first flat portion opposite side 419 aperture 420 edge rod 422 upwardly extending portion 422a heat Stud 146039.doc -35- 201044341 424 Projection 426 Side surface 428 of the rim Front surface 146039.doc -36

Claims (1)

201044341 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A display module comprising: a transparent substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface. An edge rod optically communicating with a light source, wherein the edge rod is located a front surface of the substrate; a front light film adjacent to the edge rod and in optical communication with the edge rod, wherein the front light film is configured to direct light through the light transmissive substrate; and a reflector The reflector includes a first substantially flat portion overlying the rim and a second substantially flat portion, the second substantially flat portion being over the first surface of the substrate and laterally offset from the rim Bit. 2. The display module of claim 1, wherein the edge comprises a front surface facing the side surface of the front film and a second surface oriented substantially orthogonal to the front surface. 3. The display module of claim 2, wherein the first flat portion of the reflector extends over the front surface of the rim. 4. The display module of claim 3, wherein the first flat portion of the reflector is oriented substantially orthogonal to the front surface of the rim. 5. The display module of claim 2, further comprising a light source positioned adjacent the second surface of the rim and configured to emit light into the rim. 6 'A display module as claimed in claim 5, wherein the light source comprises at least one [ED. The display module of claim 6, wherein the at least one LED is supported by a stiffener extending over a portion of the first flat portion of the reflector to 146039.doc 201044341. 8. The connector portion of claim 1 wherein at least one of the apertures of the display reflector is present. Group [wherein the reflector comprises an extension of the reflector and wherein the edge includes a display module extending through the aperture 9' as claimed in claim 8 wherein the connector portion includes a reflector located between the reflector and the edge The remaining portion of the remaining portion is on the opposite side of the distal end region, and wherein at least one of the transport end regions is + eve. The split has a cross-sectional surface size greater than the cross-sectional size of the aperture. 1 0. The display module of claim 8 wherein the connector portion comprises a hot melt 11. The display module of claim 1 further comprises a layer of reflective material between the substrates. Included in the edge of the rod and the step comprises a layer of the reflective material disposed in the substrate. 12. The display module of claim U, wherein the driver ic above the second surface is at the edge Between the drives 1C. The step includes a display array disposed on the substrate, wherein the display array and the display module of the front portion, such as the request item, are positioned opposite to the display array above the second surface. 14_ Display module transformer array as in claim 13. The display array includes an interference modulation. 15. The display module of claim 13 includes: a 2-state group communicating with the display array, the processor processing the image data through the group sorrow, · and a memory device, which is separated from the fish,,,, and workers, and communicates with the processor. 146039.doc 201044341 16. The display module of claim 15 which further comprises a driver circuit configured to transmit at least one signal to the display array. 17. The display module of claim 16, further comprising a controller configured to send at least a portion of the image data to the driver circuit. 18. The display module of claim 1, further comprising an image source module configured to send the image data to the processor. The display module of claim 18, wherein the image source module comprises at least one of a receiver, a transceiver, and a transmitter. 20. The display module of claim 15, further comprising an input device configured to receive input data and communicate the input data to the processor. The 2L-type is configured for a display of the marginal sub-assembly, the edge-sub-assembly comprising: • a rim that is configured to receive light through a first surface and reflect the light Passing through a second surface orthogonal to the first surface; and a reflector configured to clamp the rim, the reflector comprising: 〇-a substantially flat portion configured to overlie a second substantially flat portion configured to adhere to a layer of eight layers, wherein the second surface of the second portion is substantially opposite the edge The 'face is coplanar and the edge is held by the reflector. 22. As claimed in claim 21, the second person's day portion of the reflector is laterally shifted relative to the edge.十一23. If the margin of claim 21 is 蛐忐., ^ ^ 干人〜成, wherein the lower surface of the edge is substantially 146039.doc 201044341 is orthogonal to the first surface of the rim and Each of the second surfaces. 24. The ejector assembly of claim 2, wherein the reflector comprises a hole extending through the s-reflector, and further comprising a heat-melting column extending through the hole from the rim The rim is clamped relative to the reflector. A method for assembling a display module, comprising: providing a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the substrate comprising an opening; a display array formed over the first surface; a light guiding layer located above the second surface, wherein the light guiding layer is positioned opposite to the display array; positioning an edge relative to the substrate such that a first surface of the edge is adjacent to the light guiding layer Positioning a side surface; and providing a reflector over the first surface of the substrate such that the reflector clamps the rim in position, the reflector including a first substantial covering the rim The upper flat portion and a second substantially flat portion are such that the second substantially flat portion is displaced from the rim and adheres to the underlying layer. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising forming a reflective layer over the first surface of the substrate prior to fastening the reflector over the first surface of the substrate, wherein the reflective layer is disposed Between the edge rod and the substrate. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising positioning a light source adjacent the second surface of the rim, wherein the second surface of the rim is substantially orthogonal to the rim and the first surface. The method of claim 27, wherein positioning the light source adjacent to the edge of the edge comprises adhering an LED subassembly to one of the first flat portions of the reflector a surface, wherein the LED sub-assembly comprises: at least one LED; a flexible circuit board in electrical communication with the LED; and a stiffener overlying the flexible circuit board. 〇 146039.doc