200840745 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種車輛之主動式電控 ^黑段變速機構，裝 別是指一種係於車輛内設置有主動式電 ' — ?無奴變速機構，，月 藉由行車電腦針對路面狀況、轉速之不 不问，料調節控制眉 達/發電機、内燃機運轉模式達到内燃機 $〈敢佳#作點，藉以 減少油耗量以及降低廢氣排放量等 政之車輛之主動式電 控無段變速機構。 【先前技術】 近年來世界各國隨著工業發展的進步，導致能源極度耗 損y衷境污染嚴重及交通問題日益，惡化，使大部份人皆身受 其苦。運輸工具所排放出的廢氣（HC、、 又 C〇2、ΝΟχ、黑 煙)更造成地球的溫室效應，使地球生態受到嚴重的破壞1 重π染^我們的生活環境。運輸卫具所依賴的主要能源-石化 燃科保守的估計僅能維持4G〜5G年的時間，環境專家預估 過去數十世紀之存量僅能再用半個 ϋ世界各國無不積極 找哥解決之道’因此不約而同 、 、又入新能源開發和提高現有 能源效率。有鑑於環保與能 研的因素，為了解決日益彰 頋的全球性暖化、空氣污染、石 化燃枓貝源枯竭…等與人類 生存攸關的問題，將車輛的動 ㈣動力源由内燃機轉為電動及燃料 電池已是大勢所趨。 由於台灣地小人稠，再加 上近年來台灣的經濟成長迅 200840745 速’許多家庭都有二邱LV μ μ ^ 口 的機動車輛（機車及汽車），因此 造成車輛數量迅速激燁， 、 9 龐大車輛所製造出來的空氣污 染，已嚴重影響到民眾的 古口口貝人民的生命安全也會受 到影響。有鑑於維護環境品質 山 兄貝减少空乳π染及降低二氧化 奴排放里已是全世界的共識’採用傳統汽油内燃機的車輛將 得逐漸減少，但若限制車柄的使用並不太合理，再加上内燃 似良技術也有限，所以電動車輛的發展是項重要的工作之 一。電動車輛相較於燃油車輛有下列幾點優勢： #零空氣污染，低噪音； #零組件較少，維修保養容易； •電力來源廣，能源使用費低廉，並可減輕對石油的依 賴；200840745 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to an active electronically controlled black-segment shifting mechanism for a vehicle, which is characterized in that an active electric type is provided in the vehicle. Institutions, by the driving computer for the road conditions, the speed is not a problem, the material adjustment control eyebrow / generator, internal combustion engine operating mode reaches the internal combustion engine $ < 敢佳 # to reduce fuel consumption and reduce exhaust emissions The active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism of the political vehicle. [Prior Art] In recent years, with the advancement of industrial development in the world, the energy consumption has been extremely depleted. In fact, the pollution is serious and the traffic problems are getting worse and worse, causing most people to suffer. Exhaust gas emitted from transportation vehicles (HC, C 2 , ΝΟχ, smoky) causes the earth's greenhouse effect, causing severe damage to the earth's ecology. The conservative energy estimate of the main energy source relied on by the transportation aids can only last for 4G~5G years. Environmental experts estimate that the stock of the past tens of centuries can only be used half a year. All countries in the world are actively looking for a solution. The road 'is therefore inconsistent, new energy development and improving existing energy efficiency. In view of the factors of environmental protection and energy research, in order to solve the problem of increasing global warming, air pollution, depletion of petrochemical combustion, and the survival of human beings, the dynamic (four) power source of the vehicle is converted from internal combustion engine to Electric and fuel cells are the general trend. Due to the small size of Taiwanese people, coupled with the economic growth of Taiwan in recent years, 200840745 speed, many families have two qiu LV μ μ mouth motor vehicles (locomotives and cars), resulting in rapid number of vehicles, 9 The air pollution caused by the huge vehicles has seriously affected the lives and safety of the people of the ancient mouth and mouth. In view of the maintenance of environmental quality, the reduction of empty milk π dyeing and reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions is the consensus in the world. The vehicles using traditional gasoline internal combustion engines will gradually decrease, but if the use of the handle is not reasonable, Coupled with the limited technology of internal combustion, the development of electric vehicles is one of the important tasks. Compared with fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have the following advantages: #zero air pollution, low noise; #frequent components, easy maintenance; • wide power source, low energy usage, and reduced dependence on oil;
相較於上述與汽油内燃車輛的比較，電動車輛的低嗓 音、低污染，及環保優越等特點，確實在環保上有極大的幫 助，但電動車輛在續航力、銷售價袼，及供電環境上，都是 重要的問題所在。再加上電動車輛使用能源不同，所以不論 在技術、構造、性能、能源的補充等各方面上均跟汽油内燃 車輛有很大之不同。 電動車輛電池應能符合下列的特性： •能極大功率放電付合啟動/加速/攸坡的要求 specific power); 200840745 月匕極快速大能量再充電； 修能極準確顯示殘電； 鲁能在各種駕駛狀況下安全的操作； •重量輕、體積小、能耐震、高低溫及潮座 •容易回收’不含有害物質，無環保問題； 安全性佳（防爆 鲁成本低、循環使用壽命長、容易保養 及防高溫）；Compared with the above-mentioned gasoline internal combustion vehicles, the low noise, low pollution and superior environmental protection of electric vehicles are indeed very helpful in environmental protection, but the electric vehicles are in terms of endurance, sales price and power supply environment. Both are important issues. In addition, electric vehicles use different energy sources, so they are very different from gasoline internal combustion vehicles in terms of technology, structure, performance, and energy supplementation. Electric vehicle batteries should be able to meet the following characteristics: • High power discharge can be combined to start / accelerate / slope requirements specific power); 200840745 month bungee fast large energy recharge; repair energy to accurately display residual power; Luneng in various Safe operation under driving conditions; • Light weight, small size, shock resistance, high temperature and moisture level • Easy to recycle 'No harmful substances, no environmental problems; Good safety (explosion-proof Lu low cost, long cycle life, easy Maintenance and high temperature protection);
•蓄電能量密度大（可延長—次充電後行走距離）； *輸出電能量大（提高加速、爬坡性能）； #低溫時特性良好以提高冬季時電池容量； 目前國内電動車輛之通病為續航能力較適合短距離，且 仍有-些其他使用上的缺點。而電動車輛最主要的關鍵問題 在於能源動力部分元件-電池。電動車輛到現今還遲遲無法 大量商品化的主因’乃在於電池本身的性能、成本、充電時 間了罪度·.專方面存在著關鍵技術的瓶頸等待克服。目前 電動車輛的動力系統在使用上的主要缺點如下： *縯航力不足、爬坡性不佳、急加速性能不足、重量、體 積、女全性、充電或補充燃料不方便和使用壽命短及成 本局； 電動車輛的驅動性能與傳統車輛的差距甚大； 龟瓶的充電速度過恢’無法在短時間内回充大量電能；. 200840745 ♦電瓶的殘電量不容易正確偵測； ♦使用後的電瓶會對環境造成污染； •現實生活環境中沒有相當的周邊設備去推展電動库 輛，如停車位附上充電的裝置或是插座…等； 參部分高性能電池有賴國外進口，增加生產成本； •儲電量能否符合續航力的要求（speeifie e膽㈣； 為了能保有電動車輛省能源、低污染的特性，解決續航 力不足及充電不便的問題，混合動力車峰㈣細士 hicle HEV)因此產生。混合動力車輛具備有電動馬達與内 燃機兩動力來源相搭配，以及煞車能量回充特性，在動力系 統方面的效率有很大的提升，也因為搭載著《機所以車輛 並無續航力的困擾。且内燃機能保持最佳省油、低污染、高 燃燒效率狀態的優點再加上電動驅動的特性，混合動力車的 產生是最具環保㈣的混成車輛因此在台灣發展混合動力 車輛’必定能對日益嚴重的空氣污染有很大的幫助，相對也 可以節約許多石油消耗，對於車輛產業的技術提升與發展有 莫大的幫助。混合動力系統結合了傳統内燃機及電動動力的 優點’配合高效率的傳動機構及能源管理控制策略，結合出 一個低污染、低耗能、低嗓音、續航力強、能源補充環境完 整的-個架構。而近幾年在混合動力車輛(Η*—• High energy density of stored electricity (can be extended - walking distance after sub-charging); * Large output electric energy (increased acceleration, climbing performance); #Good characteristics at low temperature to improve battery capacity in winter; At present, the common problem of domestic electric vehicles is Endurance is better for short distances and there are still some other disadvantages in use. The most important key issue for electric vehicles is the energy-powered component-battery. The main reason why electric vehicles are still unable to be mass-produced today is the performance of the battery itself, the cost, and the charging time. The bottleneck of key technologies is waiting to be overcome. At present, the main disadvantages of the power system of electric vehicles are as follows: * Insufficient flight performance, poor climbing performance, insufficient acceleration performance, weight, volume, fullness of women, inconvenient charging or refueling, and short service life. Cost Bureau; The driving performance of electric vehicles is very different from that of traditional vehicles; The charging speed of turtle bottles is too high to recover a large amount of electric energy in a short time; 200840745 ♦ The residual capacity of the battery is not easy to detect correctly; ♦ After use The battery will cause pollution to the environment; • There is no equivalent peripheral equipment in the real life environment to promote electric storage vehicles, such as parking spaces with charging devices or sockets, etc.; some high-performance batteries depend on foreign imports, increasing production costs • Whether the storage capacity can meet the requirements of endurance (speeifie e (4); In order to save the energy-saving and low-pollution characteristics of electric vehicles, solve the problem of insufficient endurance and inconvenient charging, hybrid vehicle peak (four) warh hicle HEV) . Hybrid vehicles are equipped with electric motors and internal combustion engines, and the energy recharge characteristics of the brakes. The efficiency of the power system is greatly improved, and the vehicle has no endurance. And the internal combustion engine can maintain the best fuel economy, low pollution, high combustion efficiency and the characteristics of electric drive. Hybrid vehicles are the most environmentally friendly (four) hybrid vehicles. Therefore, the development of hybrid vehicles in Taiwan is sure to be increasingly Severe air pollution can be of great help, and it can save a lot of oil consumption, which is of great help to the technological upgrading and development of the vehicle industry. The hybrid system combines the advantages of traditional internal combustion engines and electric powers with a high-efficiency transmission and energy management control strategy, combining a low-pollution, low-energy, low-pitched, endurance, and energy-filled environment. And in recent years in hybrid vehicles (Η*—
We，HEV)上的技術逐漸成熟，在市場上較為吸引消費 200840745 者，因此更促使了在HEV方面的積極研究，以及市場的蓬 勃發展。HEV結合内燃機與電動馬達之優點，具有雙動力來 源，利用儲能裝置和電動馬達，控制内燃機在最高效率的狀 況運轉，進而改善了燃油效率與減少排氣污染。 現階段全球各大車廠為了降低現有内燃機的污染，研發 出將兩種不同的動力源結合在一起，以降低對環境，可細分 為串聯式混合動力系統與並聯式混合動力系統及串並聯式 混合動力系統三種型式：The technology on We, HEV) has gradually matured and attracted more consumers in the market in 200840745, which has led to positive research on HEV and the booming market. The HEV combines the advantages of an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and has a dual power source. The energy storage device and the electric motor are used to control the internal combustion engine to operate at the highest efficiency, thereby improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust pollution. At this stage, in order to reduce the pollution of existing internal combustion engines, major automakers in the world have developed two different power sources to reduce the environment. They can be subdivided into series hybrid systems and parallel hybrid systems and series-parallel hybrids. Three types of power system:
1.串聯式混合動力系、统··其内燃機僅供發電機發電的用 途’車輛所要的動力完全由電動馬達來驅動，優點為架構簡 早、内燃機容易設定在最佳狀況運轉。相對的，因為内燃機 只有對發電機作功，而由馬達負擔全車的重量及驅動力，容 易造成能源浪費、所使用的效率沒有特別明顯上升反而下 降、無法充分有效發揮兩種動力源的特性，為其缺點。 •在使用效率上會比串聯式混合 2 ·並聯式混合動力系統 動力系統為佳。此種動力系統最主要的特色在於車輛載重、 爬坡、加速...等重負荷時，内燃機與馬達可同時作動，使兩 種不同的動力源、透過扭力整合機構整合成較大的動力去帶 動車輛，因此具備能善用兩種不同的動力源來因應各種不^ 的行駛狀況的優點。當内燃機輸出的動力 疋网旱輛所需要的 動力時，可同時帶動發電機對電瓶充電。在起步及低速―駛 200840745 時’則内燃機不作動，由馬達作為動力來源。 3、.串並聯式混合動力系統：相較於串聯式混合動力系 統’並聯式混合動力系統能有效的利用兩不同的動力源，故 具備有多種不同的行馱模式，來因應不同的行駛狀況，在整 體的機構上也較串聯式混合動力系統來的複雜許多，但在效 率方面相對比-般傳統式内燃機及串聯式混合動力系統來 的高’污染方面也降低許多，所以現今的眾多車廠相勁投入 研發並聯式混合動力系統來符合法規的需求，工研院亦投入 大量人力積極開發並聯式混合動力系統。但現今的並聯式混 合動力車，其内燃機的輸出是隨著車速快慢而調整内燃機轉 速輸出的_，雖然在低速時，已將傳統㈣機低速造成環 境污染的部分改善，但在中、高速時所浪費的能源，亦不能 不重視之。 於近幾年在國内_重型車輛與沙灘車的潮流，且因應 不同市場的需求，亦發展出不同途或類型的車，以重型車輛 來說有《型、跑車型、越野型；以沙灘車來說有實用型、 越野競技型、休閒型等類型。不論是何種類型，其變速箱多 為5速、6速變速箱及CVT無段變速箱。傳遞變速箱輸= 力的方式則有皮帶傳動、鏈條傳動及轴傳動。不論是用何種 型式的變速箱搭配何種傳動方式，皆無法發揮出内燃機的最 佳性能，其最大的原因主要是傳統的内燃機轉速範圍過於廣 200840745 泛以及車輛急劇的加速或是減速，由於目前市面上所見到之 複合動力系統其内燃機之控制均從内燃機惰速至最省油帶 轉速成為-條最佳運轉線（如圖一所示），此種控制方式並未 月b真正發揮複合動力♦絲 ，一 二、、’低’了尜，低耗能及低操音之優 點’因此對油耗及污染都較為不利。本發明能夠讓並聯式複 合動力車輛（例如··電動重型車輛與沙灘車系列）之内燃機一 啟動即維持在最佳狀況下運轉。將内燃機的燃油消耗量 (BSFC)設計固定在此内燃機的最佳區域下運轉，此情況下運 轉時内燃機不會因為車輛負載的變化而影響燃油消耗量的 改變’使得内燃機在定速中以最佳燃燒狀態運轉，讓内燃機 燃燒更完全’節省燃油提高燃油經濟效率，同時大量減少廢 氣排放污染值。由於内燃機運轉的卫作區並不需要從低速到 高速的極大範圍區域去考量，只f針對某—最佳效率轉速區 域來設計’使得内燃機的設計研發及製造成本均能降低，也 能夠配合本系統之需求，讓系統整體效率發揮到最大。 又，因現今台灣的車輛工業之結構完整，成車技術自主 性相當高。目前有部分車廠正積極投人純電動車輛之研發並 已有純電動車輛正式量產上市。但此純電動車輛仍延襲其原 有電動車輛之缺點，在續航力、充電時間等各方面，對使用 者來說仍甚不方便。但觀察國内目前在傳動系統之發展，並 無任何一家廠家研究，開發適合複合動力車輛之傳動系統， 11 200840745 原因是在台灣每一年的汽車銷售量和國外相比，相差甚遠， -個廠家要全心、投人研究開發傳㈣統的成本，保守估計至 少需要新台幣數億元的資金’需要如此的高成本的投入，國 内自然沒有任何廠家願意投身在其中。 由此可見’上述習用車辅之傳動系統變速機構方式仍有 諸夕缺失’實非一良善之設計者，而亟待加以改良。 本案發明人祕上m變速機構所衍生的各項缺點， u孤"I旨潛心研究後，終於 乃亟思加以改良創新，並經多年苦， 成功研發完成本件車輛之主動式t控無段變速機構。 【發明内容】1. Series hybrid powertrain, system · Its internal combustion engine is only used for generator power generation. The power required by the vehicle is completely driven by the electric motor. The advantage is that the structure is simple and the internal combustion engine is easy to set in the best condition. In contrast, because the internal combustion engine only works on the generator, and the motor bears the weight and driving force of the whole vehicle, it is easy to cause energy waste, and the efficiency used does not increase significantly, but decreases, and the characteristics of the two power sources cannot be fully utilized effectively. For its shortcomings. • It will be more efficient in use than in series mixing. • Parallel hybrid system The power system is better. The most important feature of this kind of power system is that when the vehicle is under heavy load, climbing, accelerating, etc., the internal combustion engine and the motor can be operated at the same time, so that two different power sources can be integrated into a larger power through the torque integration mechanism. Drive the vehicle, so it has the advantage of being able to make good use of two different power sources to cope with various driving situations. When the power output from the internal combustion engine is the power required by the dry vehicle, the generator can be charged at the same time to charge the battery. At the start and low speed "200840745", the internal combustion engine does not move, and the motor is used as the power source. 3. Series-parallel hybrid system: Compared with the series hybrid system, the parallel hybrid system can effectively utilize two different power sources, so it has a variety of different driving modes to meet different driving conditions. In the overall mechanism, it is much more complicated than the series hybrid system, but the efficiency is relatively lower than that of the conventional internal combustion engine and the series hybrid system. Therefore, many manufacturers nowadays In order to meet the requirements of the regulations, the Institute has invested a large amount of manpower to actively develop parallel hybrid systems. However, in today's parallel hybrid vehicles, the output of the internal combustion engine is to adjust the output of the internal combustion engine with the speed of the vehicle. Although the low-speed has improved the environmental pollution caused by the low speed of the conventional (four) machine, at medium and high speeds. The energy wasted cannot be ignored. In recent years, in the domestic _ heavy vehicles and ATV trends, and in response to the needs of different markets, also developed different types or types of vehicles, for heavy vehicles, there are "type, running models, off-road type; to the beach For the car, there are practical, off-road competitive and casual types. Regardless of the type, the gearboxes are mostly 5-speed, 6-speed gearboxes and CVT stepless gearboxes. The way to transmit gearbox transmission = force is belt drive, chain drive and shaft drive. No matter what type of gearbox is used with the transmission mode, the best performance of the internal combustion engine can not be achieved. The biggest reason is that the traditional engine speed range is too wide, and the vehicle is rapidly accelerating or decelerating due to the vehicle. At present, the hybrid power system seen on the market has its internal combustion engine control from the idle speed of the internal combustion engine to the most economical belt speed (the one shown in Figure 1). This control method does not really play the composite power. ♦ Silk, one, two, and 'low', low energy consumption and low sound quality' are therefore not good for fuel consumption and pollution. The present invention enables the internal combustion engine of a parallel hybrid vehicle (e.g., an electric heavy vehicle and an ATV series) to be operated in an optimum condition as soon as it is started. The fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine (BSFC) is designed to be fixed in the optimal region of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the internal combustion engine does not affect the change of fuel consumption due to the change of the vehicle load, so that the internal combustion engine is the most in constant speed. Good combustion state operation makes the internal combustion engine burn more completely 'saving fuel to improve fuel economy efficiency, while reducing the pollution emission value. Since the operating area of the internal combustion engine does not need to be considered from the low-speed to high-speed range, only f is designed for a certain optimal speed region, so that the design and development and manufacturing costs of the internal combustion engine can be reduced. The system needs to maximize the overall efficiency of the system. Moreover, due to the complete structure of the vehicle industry in Taiwan today, the autonomy of the vehicle is quite high. At present, some car manufacturers are actively investing in the research and development of pure electric vehicles and have already officially launched mass production of pure electric vehicles. However, this pure electric vehicle still delays the shortcomings of its original electric vehicle, and it is still inconvenient for the user in terms of endurance and charging time. However, observing the development of the transmission system in China, no one manufacturer has studied and developed a transmission system suitable for hybrid vehicles. 11 200840745 The reason is that the sales volume of cars in Taiwan is far different from that of foreign countries every year. Manufacturers should wholeheartedly invest in the cost of research and development (four) system, and conservatively estimate that at least NT$100 million of funds are needed. 'There is such a high cost investment. There is no domestic manufacturer who is willing to devote itself to it. It can be seen that the above-mentioned conventional vehicle-assisted transmission system shifting mechanism still has a eve of the eve of the illusion, which is not a good designer, and needs to be improved. The inventor of this case secretly deduced the shortcomings of the m-shifting mechanism. After the research, he finally improved and innovated, and after years of hard work, he successfully developed the active t-control of the vehicle. Shifting mechanism. [Summary of the Invention]
本發明之目的即在於提供_種於車輛上設置有主動式電 控無段變速機構，其將能因應路面狀況或轉速之不同，控制 内燃機達到最佳之運作方式，藉崎低油耗量以及避免廢氣 排放量增加等功效之車輛之主動式電控無段變速機構。 本表月之-人目的係在於提供一種該主動式電控無段變 速機構讓車輛無論在低速起動、中速巡航及高速加速等各種 行車狀態下，藉著主動式無段變速系統之控制，均能讓内燃 力狀 動式 機維持在最佳操作操作點，以及電動馬達在最佳扭力出 態下，以發揮複合動力系統之最佳功能特性之車輛之主 電控無段變速機構。 可達成上述發明目的之車輛之主動4 平釉之芏動式電控無段變速機 構，其包含：一内燃機、動力整合合舯嫵m 勒刀登口刀配機構、馬達/發電機及 12 200840745 主動式電控無段轡祙叙 又速機構等構件所構成；其中，該車輛之内 燃機與馬達/發電機係 ’、依據轉速之不同，適時切換馬達、 燃機與發電機或内燃機與馬達複合驅動之模式，從低速模式 1由馬達驅動’馬達的轉速可經由控制電流的大小來變 化’當馬達所輸出的功率小於所需的功率，便_馬達並啟 =内1’、機’讓内燃機維持在最佳操作點，同時視電池之殘電 里决疋發電機是否啟動，即為中速狀態，最後，當車輛行車 兄所而的功率超過内燃機所設定的固定功率輸出時，馬達 與内燃機將會同時輸出動力至車輛，讓車輛達到高速狀態； 另’由於該主動式電控無段變速機構將針對路面狀況之不 同，以控制内燃機維持在最佳操作點，此時再經由動力整合 分配機構馬達/發電機端轉換成發電機模式，利用發電機充電 將多餘負荷吸收轉換為電力並給予電瓶充電，不至於影響内 燃機最佳操作點，因此在動力整合分配機構輸出端至車輪之 間導入-項主動式電控無段變速機構，t路面傳來變動負荷 有所改變時，經由調控主動式電控無段變速機構之速比，、而 使内燃機能維持在最佳操作點運作。 是以，將本發明結合於内燃機及馬達之能量整合分配控 制策略，將可使得内燃機之操作控制維持在最佳操作點Pd 及Pe2(如圖二所示），以發揮省能源及低污染之特性，且讓 車輛無論在低速模式、中速巡航及高速加速等各種行車狀離 13 200840745 下，藉著主動式電控無段變速機構之控制，均能讓内燃機維 持在最佳操作操作點，以及馬達在最佳扭力出力狀態下，以 發揮複合動力系統之最佳功能特性，其將有別於其他各車廠 之内燃機操作是在一條最佳操作曲線上。 βThe object of the present invention is to provide an active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism provided on a vehicle, which can control the internal combustion engine to achieve an optimal operation mode according to different road conditions or rotational speeds, and consumes low fuel consumption and avoids An active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism for vehicles with improved exhaust emissions. The purpose of this watch month is to provide a kind of active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism for the vehicle to control by the active stepless speed change system under various driving conditions such as low speed start, medium speed cruise and high speed acceleration. The main electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism of the vehicle that can maintain the internal combustion force machine at the optimal operating point and the electric motor in the best torque state to exert the best functional characteristics of the hybrid power system. The active 4-flat glazed turbulent electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism of the vehicle capable of achieving the above object includes: an internal combustion engine, a power integration, a knives, a knife-tooling mechanism, a motor/generator, and 12 200840745 The active electronic control is composed of components such as a speed-changing mechanism; among them, the internal combustion engine and the motor/generator system of the vehicle, according to the difference in the rotational speed, timely switching the motor, the gas turbine and the generator or the internal combustion engine and the motor composite Drive mode, driven by motor from low speed mode 1 'The speed of the motor can be changed by the magnitude of the control current'. When the power output by the motor is less than the required power, then the motor is started and the motor is turned on. Maintaining at the optimal operating point, and depending on whether the generator is started in the residual power of the battery, it is the medium speed state. Finally, when the power of the vehicle driving brother exceeds the fixed power output set by the internal combustion engine, the motor and the internal combustion engine At the same time, the power will be output to the vehicle to make the vehicle reach a high speed state; another 'because the active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism will control the road surface conditions The internal combustion engine is maintained at the optimal operating point. At this time, the motor/generator end is converted into the generator mode via the power integrated distribution mechanism. The generator charging is used to convert the excess load absorption into electric power and charge the battery, so as not to affect the best internal combustion engine. Operation point, therefore, the active-type electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism is introduced between the output end of the power integrated distribution mechanism and the wheel, and the speed of the active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism is adjusted when the variable load is changed on the road surface. In comparison, the internal combustion engine can be maintained at the optimum operating point. Therefore, the invention integrates the energy integration and distribution control strategy of the internal combustion engine and the motor, so that the operation control of the internal combustion engine can be maintained at the optimal operating points Pd and Pe2 (as shown in FIG. 2) to achieve energy saving and low pollution. The characteristics, and let the vehicle in the low-speed mode, medium-speed cruise and high-speed acceleration and other driving conditions away from 13 200840745, through the control of the active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism, can keep the internal combustion engine at the optimal operating point. And the motor in the best torque output state to play the best functional characteristics of the hybrid power system, which will be different from other car manufacturers' internal combustion engine operation is on an optimal operating curve. β
[實施方式】 請參閱圖三及圖四Α、Β 之車輛之主動式電控無段變 圖，其包括有： 、c所示所示，為本發明所提供 速機構之架構及動力傳遞模式[Embodiment] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 for the active electronic control of the vehicle. The diagram includes: and c, which show the structure and power transmission mode of the speed mechanism provided by the present invention.
-馬達/發電機卜該馬達/發電機i正轉時為―馬達U， 以提供動力至動力整合分配機構3運轉，若反轉時則為—發 電機12,以將電力經由電力控制器6儲存至電池7中；X -内燃機2,該内燃機2係可提供動力至動力整合分配 機構運轉3 ; -動力整合分配機構3,該動力整合分配機構3係接收 來自馬達/發電機i或内燃機2之動力，再將整合後之動力傳 輸至主動式電控無段變速機構4 ; -主動式電控無段變速機構4，該主動式電控無段變速 機構4係接收動力整合分配機構3所傳輸之動力，並依據路 面狀況負荷之不同，控制動力輸出之轉速比，致使車輛U 燃機2維持在最佳操作操作點，以及馬達U在最佳扭力出 力狀態，再將最動力傳輸至車輛之車輪5 ;該主動式電控益 段變速機構4係可為-行星齒輪式無段變速機構、差速齒輪 14 200840745 式Ί變速機構或其他#輪式可達到無段變速機構； 猎由上述之方式，即形成本件車輛之主動式電控無段變 速機構；利用車輛設w 置有主動式電控無段變速機構之方式， 使得車輛能因應路面狀 /或轉逮之不同，控制馬達1 1或内 燃機2達到最佳之# 廢氣 方式’精以降低油耗量以及避免 排放里增加等諸多功效。 種模式將列 另，關於低速模式、中速巡航及高速加速三 舉如下： 低速模式：係由電池7提供電力至馬達11，以驅動 馬達丨1產生大功率之轉速，產生之動力將傳輸至動 力整合分配機構3，動力再傳輸至主動式電控無段 變速機構4，透過主動式電控無段變速機4控制馬 達11維持在最佳扭力之操作點（如圖四A所示）。 中速模式··當馬達11運轉到高轉速時，便無法繼續 提供較高扭力之動力輸出以滿足行車需求，此時車 輛之行車電腦經判斷後，即會控制内燃機2開始運 轉，並視電池殘電量將馬達u反帶成為發電機12, 其產生之動力將傳輸至動力整合分配機構3，動力 會再傳輸至主動式笔控無段變速機構4，透過主動 式電控無段變速機構4控制内燃機2維持在最佳之 操作點，若行車電腦判斷電池7電力不足時，即會 15 200840745 啟動發電機12運轉發電並將電力儲存至電池7中 (如圖四B所示）。 三、高速模式：當車輛行車路況負荷加大或需要加速 時，内燃機2在最佳操作點無法繼續提高扭力及轉 速時，車輛之行車電腦經判斷後，即會控制馬達j丄 及内燃機2同時運轉’其產生之動力將傳輸至動力 整合分配機構3，動力會再傳輸至主動式電控無段 變速機構4，透過主動式電控無段變速機構4控制 馬達11及内燃機2維持在最佳之操作點（如圖四c 所示）。 另，凊參閱圖五A、B、C所示，為主動式電控無段變速 機構與動力整合分配機構可搭配之多種連接示意圖，藉此利 用電控調速馬達調節無段變速機構之方式，讓車輛無論在低 速起動、中速巡航及高速加速等各種行車模式下，藉著主動 式電控無段變速機構4之控制’均能讓内燃機2維持在最佳 操作操作點，以及馬達U在最餘力、出力㈣下，以發 揮複合動力系統之最佳功能特性，此種操作方式目前仍無任 何車廠使用。（1_軸接動力整合分配機構，Output軸接最 終傳動機構，Μ為電控調速馬達）。 凊參閱圖/、〜圖八所示，今拿私+上 Θ主動式電控無段變速機構係 可藉由行星齒輪式或差速齒於七— 式荨之無段變速機構，並將其 16 200840745 說明列舉如下： 一、 行星齒輪式無段變速機構：該行星齒輪式無段變速 機構可以二種動力輸入，第一種係以原來動力整合 分配機構之輸出軸為本系統之一種動力輸入，第二 種係以可正、反轉之控制馬達當成調節無段變速之 另種動力輸入，以便能讓行星齒輪系的輸出軸能 適應各種不同車速及路況，使内燃機維持在最佳操 作點。如圖五c所示，為本計晝研擬的主動式電控 無段變速機構之連接方式，Input接至行星齒輸之太 陽輪，Output連接至行星齒輪之環齒輪，行星架則 連接到主動式電控無段變速機構之控制馬達。並依 照下列行星齒輪的特性運動方程式·· 對輸入軸、控制馬達及輸出軸做不 同的位置配置進行分析探討，可得到六種可用作為 動力混成傳動機構之配置（如圖六A〜F)。 二、 差速齒輪式無段變速機構：如圖七所示，該差速齒 輪式無段變速機構可以二種動力輸入，第一種係以 原來動力整合機構之輸出軸為本系統之一種動力輸 入，第二種搭配可正、反轉控制之馬達完成無段變 速之調節作用，以便能讓差速齒輪系的輸出軸能適 應各種不同車速及路況，使内燃機維持在最佳操作 17 200840745- Motor/generator The motor/generator i is "motor U" when it is rotating, to provide power to the power integrated distribution mechanism 3, and if it is reversed, it is - generator 12 to pass power to the power controller 6 Stored in battery 7; X-internal combustion engine 2, which provides power to power integrated distribution mechanism operation 3; - Power integrated distribution mechanism 3, which receives from motor/generator i or internal combustion engine 2 The power, then the integrated power is transmitted to the active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism 4; - the active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism 4, the active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism 4 is the receiving power integrated distribution mechanism 3 The power of transmission, and the speed ratio of the power output is controlled according to the load of the road condition, so that the vehicle U gas turbine 2 is maintained at the optimal operating point, and the motor U is in the best torque output state, and then the most power is transmitted to the vehicle. The wheel 5; the active electronically controlled variable speed shifting mechanism 4 can be - planetary gear type stepless shifting mechanism, differential gear 14 200840745 type Ί shifting mechanism or other # wheel type can reach the stepless shifting mechanism; The method described is to form an active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism of the vehicle; the vehicle is provided with an active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism, so that the vehicle can control the motor according to the road shape and/or the transfer. 1 1 or the internal combustion engine 2 achieves the best #exhaust mode 'fine to reduce fuel consumption and avoid the increase in emissions and many other effects. The mode will be listed as follows. The low speed mode, medium speed cruise and high speed acceleration are as follows: Low speed mode: The battery 7 is supplied with power to the motor 11 to drive the motor 丨1 to generate high power, and the generated power will be transmitted to The power integrated distribution mechanism 3, the power is transmitted to the active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism 4, and the motor 11 is controlled by the active electronically controlled stepless speed changer 4 to maintain the operating point of the optimal torque (as shown in FIG. 4A). Medium speed mode··When the motor 11 is running to high speed, it can't continue to provide high torque output to meet the driving demand. At this time, the vehicle's driving computer will judge the internal combustion engine 2 to start running and see the battery. The residual electric power reverses the motor u into the generator 12, and the generated power is transmitted to the power integrated distribution mechanism 3, and the power is transmitted to the active pen-controlled stepless shifting mechanism 4 through the active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism 4 The control internal combustion engine 2 is maintained at an optimal operating point. If the driving computer determines that the battery 7 is insufficiently powered, then the power generator 12 starts to generate electricity and stores the power into the battery 7 (as shown in FIG. 4B). 3. High-speed mode: When the vehicle's driving load increases or needs to be accelerated, the internal combustion engine 2 cannot continue to increase the torque and the rotational speed at the optimal operating point. After the vehicle's driving computer is judged, the motor j丄 and the internal combustion engine 2 are controlled simultaneously. The power generated by the operation will be transmitted to the power integrated distribution mechanism 3, and the power will be transmitted to the active electronically controlled stepless transmission mechanism 4, and the motor 11 and the internal combustion engine 2 are maintained optimally through the active electronically controlled stepless transmission mechanism 4. The operating point (as shown in Figure 4c). In addition, as shown in Figure 5A, B, and C, the active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism and the power integrated distribution mechanism can be combined with various connection diagrams, thereby utilizing the electronically controlled speed regulating motor to adjust the stepless shifting mechanism. The vehicle can maintain the internal combustion engine 2 at the optimal operating point and the motor U by means of the control of the active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism 4 in various driving modes such as low speed start, medium speed cruise and high speed acceleration. Under the most spare force and output (4), in order to play the best functional characteristics of the hybrid power system, this operation mode is still not used by any car manufacturer. (1_ shaft-connected power integrated distribution mechanism, Output shaft is connected to the final transmission mechanism, and is the electronically controlled speed-regulating motor).凊 Refer to Figure /, ~ Figure 8, the current private + upper active-controlled electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism can be driven by planetary gear or differential gear in the seven-type 无 stepless shifting mechanism, and 16 200840745 The descriptions are as follows: 1. Planetary gear type stepless speed change mechanism: The planetary gear type stepless speed change mechanism can have two kinds of power input. The first type is the power input of the original power integrated distribution mechanism. The second type uses a control motor with positive and negative rotation as an alternative power input for adjusting the stepless speed change, so that the output shaft of the planetary gear train can adapt to various speeds and road conditions, so that the internal combustion engine can be maintained at the optimal operating point. . As shown in Figure 5c, the connection method of the active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism developed by the device is input to the sun gear of the planetary gear, the output is connected to the ring gear of the planetary gear, and the planet carrier is connected to The control motor of the active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism. According to the following planetary gear's characteristic equation of motion, the different position configurations of the input shaft, control motor and output shaft are analyzed and discussed, and six configurations can be obtained as the power mixing transmission mechanism (Fig. 6A~F). 2. Differential gear type stepless speed change mechanism: As shown in Figure 7, the differential gear type stepless speed change mechanism can be used for two types of power input. The first type is based on the output shaft of the original power integration mechanism. Input, the second type of motor with positive and negative control can complete the adjustment of the stepless speed change, so that the output shaft of the differential gear train can adapt to various speeds and road conditions, so that the internal combustion engine can be maintained in the best operation 17 200840745
點’本系統主要考量因素為如何提高差速齒輪傳動 效率及以何種動力搭配方式能夠快速反應路況及車 速的改變為主要研究内容。如圖八A 、 l尸々不，為 差速齒輪式無段變速之三種系統配置。 本發明所提供之車輛之主動式電控無段變速機構，n 他習用技術相互比較時，更具有下列之優點： …、 於本發明係在於提供-種利用主動式電控無段變速機構 叹置於車辆上，使其能因應路面狀況或轉速之不同，控制内 =達到最佳之運作方式’藉以降低油耗量以及避免廢氣排 放置增加等功效。 ▲ 2丄本發㈣在於提供—種無論車輛在低速起動、中速巡 航及间速加速等各種行車狀態， 糟者主動式無段變速系統 之控制，均能讓内燃機維持在最佳操作操作點，以及電動馬 達在最佳扭力出力狀態下，以發揮複合動力系統之最佳功能 特性。 3.本發明係在於提供一種讓國内廠家有願意投入主動式 電控無段變速傳動系統研究開發，讓國内的汽車輛產業“ :、现f力’開發出體積小、成本低、效率高的車輛之主動 式電控無段變速機構。 上列詳細說明係針對本發明之—可行實施例之具體說 明’惟該實施例並非用以限制本發明之專利範圍，凡未脫離 18 200840745 本發明技藝精神所為之等效實施或變更，均應包含於本案之 專利範圍中。 綜上所述，本案不但在技術思想上確屬創新，並能較習 用物品增進上述多項功效，應已充分符合新穎性及進步性之 法定發明專利要件，爰依法提出申請，懇請貴局核准本件 务明專利申睛案，以勵發明，至感德便。 【圖式簡單說明】 請參閱以下有關本發明一較佳實施例之詳細說明及其附 圖，將可進一步瞭解本發明之技術内容及其目的功效；有關 該實施例之附圖為： 圖一為習用變速機構内燃機最佳操作線之示意圖； 圖二本發明車輛之主動式電控無段變速機構之最佳操作 點示意圖； 圖三為該車輛之主動式電控無段變速機構之架構圖； 圖四A、B、C為該車輛之主動式電控無段變速機構之各 種行車狀態動力傳遞模式圖；以及 曰圖五a、b、c為該車輛之主動式電控無段變速機構之行 星齒輪無段變速機構多種連接示意圖。 圖六八、；8、（：、〇、£、卩為該車輛 早輛之主動式電控無段變 迷機構之行星齒輪無段變速機構轉速控制示意圖。 圖七為該車輛之主動式電控無 ▲ 仅文連機構之差速齒輪盔 段變速機構圖。 … 19 200840745 圖八A、B、C為該車輛之主動式電控無段變速機構之差 速齒輪無段變速機構轉速控制示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1馬達/發電機^ 11馬達 β 12發電機 2内燃機 馨 3動力整合分配機 4主動式電控無段變速機構 5車輪 6電力控制器 7電池 20The main considerations of this system are how to improve the efficiency of differential gear transmission and what kind of power matching method can quickly reflect the change of road conditions and speed. As shown in Figure VIII, l, the corpse is not, and it is the three system configurations of the differential gear type stepless speed change. The active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism of the vehicle provided by the invention has the following advantages when compared with other conventional technologies: ..., the invention provides a kind of sigh using an active electronically controlled stepless speed change mechanism It is placed on the vehicle so that it can control the internals = the best way to operate according to the road conditions or the speed of rotation, so as to reduce the fuel consumption and avoid the increase of the exhaust gas discharge. ▲ 2 丄 This hair (4) is to provide a variety of driving conditions, such as low-speed start, medium-speed cruise and inter-speed acceleration, and the control of the active stepless shifting system can keep the internal combustion engine at the optimal operating point. And the electric motor is in the best torque output state to play the best functional characteristics of the hybrid power system. 3. The present invention is to provide a research and development for domestic manufacturers who are willing to invest in an active electronically controlled stepless transmission system, so that the domestic automobile vehicle industry ":, now force" develops small size, low cost, and efficiency. </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; Equivalent implementation or modification of the spirit of the invention should be included in the scope of the patent in this case. In summary, this case is not only innovative in terms of technical thinking, but also can enhance the above-mentioned multiple functions compared with conventional articles, and should be fully consistent with The novelty and progressive statutory invention patent requirements, 提出 apply in accordance with the law, and ask your bureau to approve the patent application of this patent, in order to invent invention, to the sense of virtue. [Simplified description of the schema] Please refer to the following The technical contents of the present invention and the effects of the objects of the present invention will be further understood by the detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the best operating line of the conventional internal combustion engine of the shifting mechanism; Figure 2 is a schematic view of the optimal operating point of the active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism of the vehicle of the present invention; Figure 3 is the active electronically controlled stepless shifting mechanism of the vehicle Figure 4A, B, and C are the power transmission mode diagrams of various driving states of the vehicle's active electronically controlled stepless transmission; and Figure 5a, b, and c are the active electronic control of the vehicle. A variety of connection diagrams for the planetary gearless transmission mechanism of the shifting mechanism. Fig. VIII, 8., (:, 〇, £, 卩 is the planetary gear stepless shifting mechanism of the active electronically controlled stepless ambiguous mechanism of the vehicle Schematic diagram of the speed control. Figure 7 shows the active electronic control of the vehicle without ▲ only the differential gear section of the Wenlian mechanism. 19 200840745 Figure 8 A, B, C is the active electronic control of the vehicle without a segment Schematic diagram of the speed control of the differential gear without differential transmission mechanism of the shifting mechanism. [Main component symbol description] 1 motor / generator ^ 11 motor β 12 generator 2 internal combustion engine Xin 3 power integrated distributor 4 active electronic control without segment Wheel speed mechanism 5 6 7 Battery power controller 20