SU899002A1 - Method of cultivating meadow garden - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to intensive gardening. There are known methods of cultivation of intensive type gardens, such as cordons, dwarf pyramids, trellis-dwarf 1. Disadvantages of the method - late entry into fruiting time, insufficient use of soil and light space, unsystematic, random placement of fruits in the tree crown makes it difficult to develop satisfactory methods mechanized removal of fruits. There is a known method of cultivating meadow gardens, which includes the treatment of plants with growth regulators, chemical protection, pruning on the reverse growth after the 1st or 2nd year of fruit bearing, depending on the yield, a piece of growing shoots. According to this method, fruit plants grow freely during the first year and due to treatment with chemical growth regulators, fruit buds are laid in the first year. In the second year of life, these plants begin to bear fruit. After harvesting, a cut is made to reverse the growth of the fruited shoots at a height of 10-15 cm from the place of inoculation or budding. This is where the 1st cycle ends. In the following year, 2-6 shoots of a cultivar grow from the place of cutting to the place of vaccination, which are subject to rationing, leaving one of them, the strongest. The cycle is repeated. In the following years after fruiting, pruning of fruit plants is repeated many times over two to three year cycles. In this case, each subsequent pruning is carried out 10-15 cm above the previous level. trim, i.e. pruning proceeds from below upwards {2. The disadvantages of this method are that when pruning is done upwards, a large number of shoots grow in the second cycle (depending on the variety, the rootstock and the force of development and return on the fruit plant grow 10-15 and more shoots), which leads to excessive shading and the garden ceases to bear fruit. Therefore, there is a need for manual rationing of growing shoots to their optimum number. During the season on well-branched varieties, this operation should be repeated 2-3 times, which leads to an increase in costs for the cultivation of the garden.

At the same time, manual rationing of shoots under the conditions of intensive chemical plant protection against pests and diseases does not comply with the safety practices of gardeners. Workers, when rationing shoots, work in a leaf canopy, directly in contact with it, and inhaled dusting dust and chemical chemicals from it. , there is a high lodging of gardens at high yields.

The aim of the invention is to mechanize the process of cultivating and normalizing growing shoots.

The goal is achieved by the fact that pruning of the shoots is carried out (the width of every two to three years, with the removal of the entire rus of branches with a whorl during the budding period

As a result of this pruning, the years of moderate fruiting and strong growth of plants alternate with years of abundant fruiting and moderate growth.

During the years of moderate fruiting and strong growth (year of cutting of the rusa branch, on the central trunk), the fruits are placed on the trunk on specialized fruit formations. Depending on the variety, the harvest this year fluctuates within 120350 centners / ha.

In the year of abundant fruiting and moderate growth, the plants are not pruned, and the fruits are placed not only on specialized fruit formations of the trunk, but also on the lateral growths of the first russia of the branches. Depending on the variety, the harvest this year fluctuates within tOO2050 c / ha.

The pruning of meadow gardens according to the proposed method is carried out during the budding period. With abundant budding, it is better to cultivate the orchard in a three-year cycle, a succession of a year of moderate fruiting with two years of abundant fruiting, with the fruits

placed on one to three year old wood. Cutting with cutting of all branches of branches is carried out mechanized using an OCH-machine, 5, or manually in the absence of a machine. With

in the remaining part of the trunk in the year of pruning, only fruit, collar, spear, fruit twigs remain. Such pruning provides the optimal number of growing shoots.

9 In principle, pruning during the two-year and three-year cultivation cycles is similar, as in the first and second

in cases after it, only a part of the trunk always remains with specialized fruit formations and weak lateral growths.

For each cycle of cultivation, the length of the trunk is shortened by the Russian branches. By the year 9-10, when the size of the trunk is reduced to 200-300 mm by trimming, the next year after harvesting of fruits, out of 2-6 branches grow, choose one that is close to the axis of a row of plants, and the rest are cut out on the ring (manually).

The drawing shows schematically the cycles of cultivation of a meadow garden according to the proposed method, where the 1-1th year, the year of strong growth; 2 - 2nd year, the year of high fruiting trunk length; 3 - 3 rd year - the year of moderate fruiting and strong growth; year - year of abundant fruiting; 5 - 5th year - the year of moderate fruiting and strong growth; 6 - 6th year - a year of abundant fruiting and moderate growth; 7 7th year - the year of moderate fruiting and strong growth; 8 - 8th year - a year of abundant fruiting and moderate growth; 9 The 9th year is the year of moderate fruiting and maximum growth of the trunk (1200 mm); 10 - 10th year - a year of abundant fruiting and moderate growth, etc. by cycles.

Claims (2)

Example. The meadow gardens in SKZNIIS and B have been studied since 1972.G. Until 1976, they were laid down by the M8, M9 type stocks, followed by budding of the rootstocks with two eyes of the most rapid varieties of Wagner, Kuban, Boyken, Lord Lamburn, Wellsy, and others, in 1976 D.1 in parallel with the usual laying (by budding the rootstocks in the garden) The meadow garden was planted with si plants from thickened cultivation. These saxes were grown from winter vaccinations in the shkolka by placing up to 1 million pcs. per hectare. The laying of a meadow garden with such seedlings reduces the cost of grafted plants in comparison with the usual method (budding). Plants in the garden were placed with the possibility of using the existing agricultural machinery according to the cm and 70x15 cm scheme in the form of stripes. At the same time, eight-meter lanes of planted plants alternated with 2.5-meter ground clearance, providing for the passage of agricultural equipment. The area of the meadow garden is 3 hectares, the number of plants in this area is up to 180 thousand. The garden was cultivated with the use of retardans - olara and TOUR. The best results were given by TUR, The treatment was carried out with a 0.6-1% solution of TUR in the period when the shoots grew by tO-GO cm from the site of inoculation or after cutting to reverse growth. Depending on the variety, the yield in terms of 1 ha was from 76 to 2056 c / ha. In 1978-1979, a system of cultivating a meadow garden with one light brown branches, i.e., was proposed and tested. without rationing the number of growing shoots after cutting them to reverse growth. In this case, pruning was carried out from top to bottom, and after each cycle, pruning and fruit bearing trees were pruned by exactly one Russian branch. At the same time, all fruit formations on the trunk, located below the first rus, left it to bear fruit. This made it possible, without thickening in the year of pruning, to receive an additional 80-250 centners / ha of fruit, and the following year - on the branches of the newly grown rus and on the trunk harvest Using the proposed method of cultivation provides annual fruiting of meadow gardens. Pruning in the spring during the budding period excludes the freezing of meadow gardens, and also makes it possible to determine the possibility of garden cultivation by a three-year cycle (according to the flowering intensity). The garden cultivated by the proposed method does not lodge, since the thickness of the trunk increases annually. When pruning, rationing of the shoots is carried out simultaneously, since only as many shoots grow as the pruning of the remaining part of the trunk. Pruning can be done mechanically. The laying of meadow saber by saplings allows one to achieve uniform density of their standing, and the in-depth planting of seedlings with isolation of the site of inoculation with polyethylene covers eliminates the transition of grafted varieties to their own roots and eliminates the need to remove overgrown plants. With this method of cultivation, the costs of cultivating a meadow garden are reduced by 210 people, days, which saves approximately 630 rubles / ha. Claims The method of cultivating a meadow garden, including thick planting, pruning shoots after harvesting, characterized in that, in order to mechanize the cultivation and rationing of growing shoots, pruning shoots are done once every two to three years with the removal of the whole russia branches whorl During budding. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Gardening, viticulture and winemaking of Moldova. - Journal, 1975, N- 1, p. 51-52. 2. Luckwrll L, Frutteto In nuovo conecto in impianti ad alta den sita Frutticoltura, 1976, 38, fP 2, -. c. 5-9. .  "R J xV Have Sl "f r / e / "/ .f.f-I X h h v V h