SU1727155A1 - Medical trainer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to medical technology, in particular to models of human organs intended to teach operations techniques, and allows to repeatedly work out the technique of operations on the cranial fornix. The medical simulator contains a shell that mimics the outer tissues of the head, placed on it vascular blood imitators. At the same time, the shell is made of elastic plates fastened together on the projection of the sagittal seam in the form of images of the lateral projections — the heads with images of the skull, figured windows in the temporal temporal areas and holes for the clamps located around them. The shell is placed with the possibility of reciprocating and rotational movements on the simulator layer-by-layer structure of the tissues of the temporal region. The latter is a three-layer tube of circular cross section, the outer layer is made of a porous, elastic, surface-waxy material, the middle layer is made of a rigid material that simulates the temporal bone, and the inner one is made of a thin elastic film. The lateral surfaces of the layer-by-layer simulator of the temporal region of the tissue are divided into rectangular areas corresponding to the figured windows on the sheath, and the simulators of the middle sheath artery are fixed on the inner surface of the thin elastic film one for each rectangular part K. 1 s. .f-ly, 3 Il. (I'm Chh -xl

Description

SL IO1

The invention relates to medical technology, in particular to models of human organs intended to teach the technique of operations on the cranial vault (various types of trepanations).

Models, models and mannequins of the human head are known for training dentists, consisting of masks of the upper and lower parts of the face, jaw section with simulators of teeth fixed with the possibility of removal on the face mask, as well as for modeling general and local skull deformations under shock loads containing a physical model of the skull, made in the form of a hollow shell in the shape of an ellipsoidal dome with a flat base located at an angle of 13-27 ° to the major axis of the ellipse of the dome, the dome is filled with a fluid with a density corresponding to Nost intracranial contents.

The drawbacks of these models are that they are not intended for training the technical steps of operations on the cranial vault and cannot be adapted to this by their design features. The closest to the present invention is a model for training physicians, containing a sheath depicting the head with imitation of the outer tissues of the head and the circulatory system of the head with fluid circulating from the heart and to the heart, the sheath is made transparent so that the arteries and main veins are visible.

The drawbacks of the known device are that, being a good anatomical and physiological model, it is not adapted for teaching the technique of operations on the cranial fornix, the imitation of the head tissues identified complicates the design.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure the repeated development of the technique of carrying out operations on the cranial vault.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the medical simulator contains a shell made of elastic plates fastened along the projection of the sagittal seam in the form of images of the lateral projections of the head with images of the skull, figured windows in the temporal parietal areas and the holes for clamps located around them, the shell is placed with the possibility of reciprocating and rotational motions on the simulator of the layered structure of the temporal region, which is a three-layer tube of circular section, the outer layer of which Made of elastic porous surface-pile material, the middle layer is made of rigid material that simulates the temporal bone, and the internal one is made of a thin elastic film, while the side surfaces of the simulator of the layer-by-layer structure of the temporal tissues are divided into rectangular areas corresponding to figured windows on the shell , and simulators of the middle sheath artery, one for each rectangular area, are fixed on the inner surface of the thin elastic film.

In addition, in the simulator of the layer-by-layer structure of the tissues of the temporal region, through holes for clamps are made, which coincide with holes in the shell, and clamps are button-like.

. The proposed medical trainer ensures multiple development of the technique of performing operations on the cranial vault, as well as increased efficiency of using the simulator surface and individualizing training.

FIG. 1 shows a medical simulator, a general view (a part of the outer layer of a three-layer pipe has been cut off; a scheme for fixing elastic relief

plates); in fig. 2 - a three-layer tube of a medical simulator, cross section; in fig. 3 - scheme of performing trepanation on a medical simulator. The medical simulator contains a shell 1, made of 2 elastic plates fastened along the projection of the sagittal seam in the form of images of the lateral projections of the head with images of the skull 3, with figured windows 4 in the temporal parietal areas and

5 placed around them by holes 5 for clamps 6, the shell 1 is placed with the possibility of reciprocating and rotational movement on the simulator 7 layered structure of the tissues of the temporal region, which is a three-layer pipe of circular cross section, the outer layer 8, which is made of an elastic porous surface - woven material, middle layer 9 - from rigid material,

5 simulates the temporal bone, and the inner 10 - from a thin elastic film, while the side surfaces of the simulator 7 layered structure of the tissues of the temporal region are divided into rectangular sections 12. corresponding to the figured windows 4 on the shell 1, and fixed on the inner surface of the thin elastic film 10 imitators of the middle shell artery 11, one for each rectangular part5 drain. In the simulator 7 of the layered structure of the tissues of the temporal region, the through holes 5 are made for clamps b, which coincide with the holes 5 in the shell 1, and the clamps b are made push-button.

0Work with a medical simulator

in the following way.

The teacher prepares the medical simulator for work, for which the elastic plates 1 set over the intact

5 section 12 and using button clamps b, insert them into the holes 5, reinforce the plates 1 on the three-layer tube 7. It is proposed that the trainees, usually three, constitute an operating crew (surgeon, assistant, nurse) to perform craniotomy. The students need to reach the middle sheath artery 11, located on the inner surface of the inner layer 10 of the three-layer tube 7, and tie the specified middle sheath artery 11. To do this, you should apply the scheme to the operated area bounded by figured windows 4 in the temporal temporal regions. Krenleyn. A horseshoe incision is then made.

outer layer 8 of a three-layered tube 7 with a flap base at the zygomatic arch (bone skull pattern 3 is applied on elastic plates 1} so that the median sheath 11 can be tied in the trepanac hole to accommodate individual anatomical variability. Then, the flap of the middle layer 9 of the three-layer pipe 7 is cut out separately, for which 5–7 milling holes are applied, and the parts between them are sawed with a Gigli saw or these areas are separated by Dalgren's nippers. The flap consisting of an outer 8 and an average 9 layers of a three-layer pipe 7, on the inner surface i of the inner layer 10 of a three-layer pipe 7 is found, a simulator of the middle sheath artery 11 and a thin silk ligature bandages the artery 11, which is the main stage of the operation Then the wound is sutured in layers.

The teacher monitors the correctness of the stages of the operation and conducts timing, for example:

Cutting out

skin aponeurotic

flap submitted

on a medical simulator. outer layer 8

Three-layer pipe 7. min 3-5

Proper trepanaci

(cutting out the flap

from middle class 9

three-layer pipe 7. min 10-15

Finding and transferring

simulator middle

shell artery 11, min 3-5

Layering

wounds, min 5-10

(total 21-35 min).

In the first case, the student deserves an excellent assessment, in the second - satisfactory, the average value corresponds to a good mastering of skills.

After the operation is completed, participants change roles. Clamps 6 are removed from holes 5, twist or push elastic relief plates 1 along a three-layer pipe 7 and set them so that the figured windows 4 are located above the intact rectangular section 12. Elastic plates 1 5 are fixed on the three-layer pipe 7 with button clamps 6, inserted into the holes 5, and again continue training, which provides multiple testing techniques and operations

0 individual approach to each training.

Claims (2)

Claims 1. Medical simulator containing a sheath imitating external tissues 5 of the head, and simulators of blood vessels placed in it, characterized in that, in order to ensure that the technique of carrying out the operation of the operation on the cranial vault is repeated many times, the shell is made of 0 elastic plates attached to the sagittal suture in the form of images of the lateral projections of the head with images of the skull, figured windows in the temporal temporal regions and placed around 5 of these holes for clamps, the shell is placed with the possibility of reciprocating and rotational movement. on the simulator layer-by-layer structure of the tissues of the temporal region, which is Q is a three-layer pipe of circular section, the outer layer is made of elastic porous surface-pile material, the middle layer is made of a rigid material that simulates the temporal bone, and 5 inner - from a thin elastic film, while the side surfaces of the simulator of the layer-by-layer structure of the tissues of the temporal region are divided into rectangular areas corresponding to figured windows on the shell, and on the inner surface of the thin elastic film there are fixed simulators of the middle sheath artery, one for each rectangular area . 2. The simulator according to claim 1. This is the case with the fact that in the simulator of the layer-by-layer structure of the tissues of the temporal area there are through-holes for clamps, which coincide with the holes in the sheath, and the clamps are button-like. 0