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SU1706887A1 - Device for continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic materials - Google Patents

Device for continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
SU1706887A1
SU1706887A1 SU894759629A SU4759629A SU1706887A1 SU 1706887 A1 SU1706887 A1 SU 1706887A1 SU 894759629 A SU894759629 A SU 894759629A SU 4759629 A SU4759629 A SU 4759629A SU 1706887 A1 SU1706887 A1 SU 1706887A1
Authority
SU
USSR - Soviet Union
Prior art keywords
rolling roller
forming element
ultrasonic welding
welding
thermoplastic materials
Prior art date
Application number
SU894759629A
Other languages
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Юрий Александрович Саяпин
Леонид Александрович Шестель
Станислав Степанович Волков
Владислав Владимирович Емельянов
Original Assignee
Омский политехнический институт
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Омский политехнический институт filed Critical Омский политехнический институт
Priority to SU894759629A priority Critical patent/SU1706887A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of SU1706887A1 publication Critical patent/SU1706887A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/086—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032—Mechanical after-treatments
    • B29C66/0324—Reforming or reshaping the joint, e.g. folding over
    • B29C66/03241—Flattening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8221—Scissor or lever mechanisms, i.e. involving a pivot point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Изобретение относитс  к сварке пластмасс и может быть использовано при ульт развуковой сварке термопластичных пленочных материалов. Цель повышение прочности сварного соединени  и улучшение его внешнего вида. Дл  этого в устрой стве дл  непрерывной ультразвуковой сварки термопластичных материалов ось прокатывающего ролика расположена пер пендикул рло плоскости сварки Прокатывающий ролик подпоужмнен в сторону рабочей поверхности формующего элемента . Кроме того, формующий элемент НЫРОЛ нен в виде шара. 1 з. п ф-пы. 5 и п.The invention relates to the welding of plastics and can be used in the ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic film materials. The goal is to increase the strength of the welded joint and improve its appearance. For this purpose, in the device for continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic materials, the axis of the rolling roller is located on the perpendicular surface of the welding plane. The rolling roller is positioned towards the working surface of the forming element. In addition, the forming element Nyrol nen in the form of a ball. 1 h. n f-py. 5 and p.

Description

(Л(L

с:with:

Изобретение относитс  к сварке пластмасс и может быть использовано при ультразвуковой сварке термопластичных пленочных материалов.The invention relates to the welding of plastics and can be used in the ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic film materials.

Цель изобретени  - повышение прочности сварного соединени  и улучшение его внешнего вида.The purpose of the invention is to increase the strength of a welded joint and improve its appearance.

На фиг. 1 изображено устройство, вид сбоку; на фиг. 2 - вид А на фиг. 1; на фиг. 3 - сечение Б-Б на фиг. 1; на фиг. 4 - сечение сварного соединени , полученного в результате использовани  известного устройства; на фиг. 5 - то же, полученного в результате использовани  предлагаемого устройства.FIG. 1 shows a device, side view; in fig. 2 is a view A of FIG. one; in fig. 3 is a section BB in FIG. one; in fig. 4 is a cross-section of a welded joint resulting from the use of a known device; in fig. 5 - the same, obtained as a result of using the proposed device.

Устройство дл  непрерывной ультразвуковой сварки термопластичных материалов содержит сварочный инструмент 1, опору 2 и расположенное за сварочным инструментом формующее приспособление, состо щее из прокатывающего ролика 3 с вогнутойA device for continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic materials contains a welding tool 1, a support 2 and a forming device located behind the welding tool, consisting of a rolling roller 3 with a concave

рабочей поверхностью, ось 4 которого пор пендикул рна плоскости сварки, и формующего элемента 5, выполненного ь пид« шара. Прокатывающий ролик 3 ски св зан с валом 6 привода (не показан). Радиус вогнутой поверхности ролика должен быть не менее суммы радиуса выпуклой поверхности формующего элемента и толщины свариваемого материала Формующий элемент закреплен в держателе 7 кронштейна 8. Прокатывающий ролик 3 установлен на оси кронштейна 9. Прокатывающий ролик 3 и формующий элемент 5 установлены с возможностью взаимодейст- ви  между собой, при этом прокатывающий ролик подпружинен в сторону рабочей поверхности формующего элемента пружиной 10.the working surface, the axis 4 of which is then the pendent surface of the welding plane, and the forming element 5, made of the ball. A rolling roller 3 is connected to a drive shaft 6 (not shown). The radius of the concave surface of the roller must be not less than the sum of the radius of the convex surface of the forming element and the thickness of the material being welded. The forming element is fixed in the holder 7 of the bracket 8. The rolling roller 3 is mounted on the axis of the bracket 9. The rolling roller 3 and the forming element 5 are installed with the possibility of interaction between itself, while the rolling roller is spring-loaded towards the working surface of the forming element by the spring 10.

Устройство работает следующим образом .The device works as follows.

Край свариваемых деталей 11 подвод т к рабочему торцу инструмента 1 так. чтобыThe edge of the welded parts 11 is supplied to the working end of the tool 1 so. to

4343

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оо VIoo VI

нижн   деталь располагалась под горизонтальной пластиной кронштейна 8, а верхн   - надпей. При перемещении деталей под действием вращающейс  опоры 2 свариваемый материал, наход щийс  под рабочим торцом инструмента 1, приводитс  в жидкотекучее состо ние под действием ультразвуковых колебаний. При наличии сварочного давлени  происходит вытеснение расплава термопласта из-под инстру- мента на край шва до разрезани  материала. Полученный расплав проходит затем между формующим элементом 5 и вращающимс  под действием вапз 6 привода прокатывающим роликом 3, где под дей- ствием усили , создаваемого пружиной 10, уплотн етс  и принимает толщину, равную толщине свариваемого материала,the bottom part was located under the horizontal plate of the bracket 8, and the top part was the nape. When moving parts under the action of the rotating support 2, the material to be welded, which is under the working end of the tool 1, is brought into a fluid state under the action of ultrasonic vibrations. In the presence of welding pressure, the melt of the thermoplastic is displaced from under the tool to the edge of the seam before the material is cut. The resulting melt then passes between the forming element 5 and the rolling roller 3 rotating under the action of the vapz 6 of the drive, where under the action of the force generated by the spring 10 it thickens and takes on a thickness equal to the thickness of the material being welded

В результате расположени  оси прока- тывающего ролика перпендикул рно к плоскости сварки с поджатием его рабочей поверхности к рабочей поверхности формующего элемента при уплотнении расплава швов, работающих на раздир, обеспечива- етс  плавный переход от основного материФи 2. /As a result, the axis of the rolling roller is perpendicular to the welding plane with pressing of its working surface to the working surface of the forming element during compaction of the melt joints working on the tear, a smooth transition from the main material 2 is provided.

ала ко шву с обеих сторон сварного соединени .a seam on both sides of the welded joint.

Отрезанный край издели  проходит при этом под прокатывающим роликом в накопитель отходов (не показан).The cut edge of the product passes under the rolling roller in the waste collector (not shown).

Claims (2)

1. Устройство дл  непрерывной ультразвуковой сварки термопластичных материалов , содержащее сварочный инструмент, опору и формующее приспособление, включающее установленные за сварочным инструментом с возможностью взаимодействи  между собой подпружиненный прокатывающий ролик с вогнутой рабочей поверхностью и Формующий элемент с выпуклой рабочей поверхностью, отличающее- с   тем, что, с целью повышени  прочности сварного соединени  и улучшени  его внешнего вида, ось прокатывающего ролика расположена перпендикул рно к плоскости сварки, причем прокатывающий ролик подпружинен в сторону рабочей поверхности формующего элемента.1. A device for continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic materials, comprising a welding tool, a support and a forming device, including a spring-loaded rolling roller with a concave working surface and a Forming element with a convex working surface, which are different in that , in order to increase the strength of the welded joint and improve its appearance, the axis of the rolling roller is perpendicular to the plane with cooking, and the rolling roller is spring-loaded in the direction of the working surface of the forming element. 2. Устройство по п. 1,отличающее- с   тем, что формующий элемент выполнен в виде шара.2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the forming element is designed as a ball. Вид АType A Феи 2Fairies 2 Фиг 3Fig 3 шоsho SS ФигFig Б-БBb и/ойand / oh Фиг.55
SU894759629A 1989-08-11 1989-08-11 Device for continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic materials SU1706887A1 (en)

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SU894759629A SU1706887A1 (en) 1989-08-11 1989-08-11 Device for continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic materials

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU894759629A SU1706887A1 (en) 1989-08-11 1989-08-11 Device for continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic materials

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SU1706887A1 true SU1706887A1 (en) 1992-01-23

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Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Волков С. С. и др. Сварка пластмасс ультразвуком. - М.: Хими , 1986. с. 207. Авторское свидетельство СССР № 1281437, кл. В 29 С 65/08, 1985. *

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