SU1238877A1 - Method of producing parts of the sleeve type and apparatus for its accomplishment - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of manufacturing parts such as glasses by deforming the workpiece in a matrix by reverse extrusion when it is exposed to a punch while moving the matrix towards the movement of the punch, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the products, increase tool life and reduce energy costs, when deforming, the workpiece is distributed while additional forces are applied to the outer surface of the dispensed section at an angle to the direction deforming force. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that when deforming on a part of the working stroke of the punch, the matrix is moved at a speed not equal to the speed of movement of the punch. 3. A device for manufacturing parts such as glasses, comprising a housing with an ejector and an ejector mounted thereon, as well as a punch, characterized in that the punch in the area adjacent to the working end is tapering towards the die, the die cavity is stepped and is formed with the side of the ejector with a smaller cross section, and from the side of the punch - a larger cross section, and these areas are connected to each other by a transition section, extending in the direction punch. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the working end of the punch is located above the narrowest cross-section of the transition section. with $ (L t with al 00

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to technology and equipment for the manufacture of parts of such glasses by reverse squeezing.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the products, increase tool life and reduce energy costs.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the layout of the workpiece in the device for its deformation in the initial position; in fig. 2-- diagram of the deformation process; in fig. 3 - the device in the initial position; in fig. 4 - the same, in the process of deformation; in fig. 5 - mounting matrix device; in fig. 6 - 10 - configuration options for the punch and die.

The method is carried out as follows.

In the stamp containing the punch 1, the die 2 and the ejector 3, the workpiece is placed and the deformation force is applied to it by the punch 1. During the extrusion process, the die 2 is moved in the direction of movement of the punch 1 with a speed V2 equal to the speed of movement of the punch Vi, i.e. their relative position remains unchanged. Under the action of the deformation force P applied to the workpiece, the material of the latter begins to flow into the gap formed on the matrix and the punch, the areas expanding in the direction of the outflow of the extruded material. These areas, along with the axial one, cause a radial flow of the extruded material, causing an increase in the outer diameter of the resulting product compared to the diameter of the initial billet, which leads to the appearance of tensile tangential stresses. Thus, according to the proposed method, a differently compressed-stretched scheme of the stress state of the workpiece is created at the AB extrusion site, which leads to a significant reduction in the deformation force. At the end of the extrusion, the finished product is pushed out of the die by the ejector 3.

To reduce frictional forces in the resulting wall of the product above the working end of the punch and the expanding portion of the die, annular groove and boring, respectively, must be performed.

In order to achieve this goal in the manufacture of products with the required thickness and bottom configuration, it is advisable to carry out extrusion at the optimum position of the punch relative to the die, and only at the end of extrusion change the specified position. For this, the speed of movement of the matrix V2 at the end of extrusion must be different from the speed of movement of the punch Vi.

Example. Steel cylindrical cups are extruded from blanks (material grade steel 20) dia

28 mm. The central angle of taper of the punch is 8 °, the matrix is 7 °, the radius of rounding at the end of the punch is 4 mm, and the diameter of its working surface is 27 mm. As a result of the described techniques, glasses with an outer diameter of 30 mm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm are obtained. The specific strain forces are 180 kgf / mm. Clean the surface of the product when using phosphate coating and

saponification corresponds to grade 6.

A device for manufacturing parts such as glasses contains a punch 1 and a die 2, an ejector 3. A punch 1 is installed in a punch holder 4 connected to the upper plate 5. The device is equipped with a puller 6 mounted on guide columns 7 and spring-loaded springs 8. The matrix is housed in the cage 9 and is spring loaded by a spring 10 resting on the sleeve I. The matrix can be fixed to

movable traverse 12 mounted on the columns 13 and the spring loaded 14. The device operates as follows. When lowering the top plate 5 with the punch 1, the puller 6 is set in motion, which acts on the matrix 2 at the moment

touching the punch of the workpiece 15. From this point on, the deformation of the workpiece begins, and the die moves downward at a speed equal to the speed of the punch, resulting in the working end of the punch retains its optimal position relative to the transition section of the die. The deformable material flows into the gap between the punch and the die. At the end of the deformation, the ejector 3 removes the product from the die. In the event of a product sticking on the punch, it is removed by the puller 6.

The choice of the shape of the working sections of the die and the punch (Fig. 6-10) is determined by both the shape of the resulting product, and the degree of deformation, the workpiece material, lubrication and other technological parameters. To create the most favorable deformation conditions, it is necessary to reduce the tensile stress by squeezing the workpiece material into the gap between the punch and the die, whose area decreases in the outflow direction, which leads to additional compression of the extruded material. The deformation force, depending on the magnitude of the tilt angles (with a conical design) and the shape of the generatrix (if different design) of the working sections of the die and the punches, as well as their relative position, can be reduced according to operating data by about 50%. At the same time, in order to obtain the minimum extrusion force, the working end of the punch must be located during the extrusion process above the narrowest cross section of the transient expansion portion of the die (above point B, Fig. 2).

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Claims (4)

1. A method of manufacturing parts such as glasses by deforming the workpiece in the matrix by reverse extrusion when exposed to a punch while moving the matrix in the direction of movement of the punch, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the products, increase tool life and reduce energy costs, when deformed carry out the distribution of the workpiece with the simultaneous application of additional efforts to the outer surface of the part being distributed at an angle to the direction of application of the force deformation. 2. The method according to π. 1, characterized in that when deformed on a part of the working stroke of the punch, the matrix is moved at a speed not equal to the speed of movement of the punch. 3. A device for the manufacture of parts such as glasses, containing a housing with a die and an ejector mounted therein, as well as a punch, characterized in that the punch in the section adjacent to the working end is tapering towards the matrix, the matrix cavity is made stepwise and is formed located with the side of the ejector with a section of a smaller cross section, and on the side of the punch, with a section of a larger cross section, and these sections are interconnected by a transition section that expands towards Sones. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the working end face of the punch is located above the narrowest section of the transition section.